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Universidad Católica De Santa María Universidad Católica de Santa María Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas Escuela Profesional de Farmacia y Bioquímica “EVALUACIÓN DEL EFECTO ANTIOXIDANTE IN VITRO Y ANTIDISLIPIDÉMICO IN VIVO DE LOS EXTRACTOS DE CORRYOCACTUS BREVISTYLUS (SANCAYO) Y ECHINOPSIS MAXIMILIANA (SANK’AYU) EN ANIMALES DE EXPERIMENTACIÓN” Tesis presentada por los Bachilleres: Pari Gutierrez, Johnifer Osmar Taype Martínez, Candy Flor de Liz Para optar el Título Profesional de: Químico Farmacéutico Asesor: Mg. Paredes Fuentes, Julitza Arequipa – Perú 2020 DEDICATORIA A Dios, por guiar mi camino y por sus bendiciones derramadas en todo momento. A mi padre Elias y madre Celestina por ser el ejemplo de perseverancia y dedicación, siendo mis guías en este camino y brindarme su apoyo inconmensurable. A mi hermano Jefferson por su ejemplo y apoyo incondicional e inspiración a la superación. Johnifer A Dios, por todo lo proveído a lo largo de este camino y todas las bendiciones derramadas. A María Auxiliadora porque “Ella lo ha hecho todo”. Con amor y gratitud a mis adorados padres que son el pilar de mi vida y que siempre me brindan su compañía esfuerzo, paciencia, confianza, amor, fortaleza y apoyo incondicional en cada etapa de mi vida A mis Abuelitos Ricardina, Manuel y Goyita por ser el mejor ejemplo de constancia, responsabilidad y amor a lo largo de mi existencia. A mi compañero Johnifer Osmar por su paciencia, comprensión, esfuerzo y apoyo en la realización de este proyecto. Candy Flor de liz ii AGRADECIMIENTOS Nuestro agradecimiento a Dios por habernos guiado y dado fuerzas en este largo caminar de formar nuestra carrera profesional. A nuestros padres por su cariño, colaboración, paciencia, comprensión y consejos en los momentos difíciles. A la Universidad Católica de Santa María por permitirnos formar parte de ella y abrirnos las puertas en su seno formador. Así como también a los diferentes docentes que nos brindaron sus conocimiento y apoyo en el transcurso de nuestra carrera profesional. A nuestra querida facultad de farmacia y bioquímica y los trabajadores por habernos brindado sus ambientes y por habernos dado las facilidades del momento A nuestra asesora la Mgtr. Julitza Paredes Fuentes, por brindarnos la oportunidad de recurrir a su capacidad y conocimiento científico, así como tenernos paciencia para guiarnos durante el desarrollo de la presente tesis. A los miembros del jurado calificador por sus aportes sugerencias y exigencias en la redacción y revisión del proyecto de tesis. A nuestros amigos por sus palabras de aliento y apoyo incondicional. A todas las personas que de alguna manera hicieron posible esta investigación, ya que todos y cada uno de ellos dedicaron su tiempo contribuyendo de esta manera con sus aportes al enriquecimiento y realización de la presente investigación Candy y Johnifer iii ÍNDICE DEDICATORIA………………………………………………………………ii Dedicatoria ......................................................................................................... II AGRADECIMIENTOS……………………………………………………… iii INDICE………………………………………………………………………..ivAgradecimientos ............................................................................................... III RESUMEN……………………………………………………………………xviiiResumen ....................................................................................................... XVII ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………..xixAbstract .......................................................................................................... XIX INTRODUCCIÓNIntroducción ................................ …………………………………………………………....xxi................................................................... XXI OBJETIVOS…………………………………………………………………..xxiiObjetivos ...................................................................................................... XXII HIPÓTESIS…………………………………………………………………..Hipótesis ..................................................................................................... XXIII xxiii CAPÍTULO I ...................................................................................................... 1 1. MARCO TEÓRICO........................................................................................ 2 1.1. SANCAYO ......................................................................................... 2 1.1.1. Nombre científico ............................................................................. 2 1.1.2. Nombres vulgares ............................................................................. 2 1.1.3. Distribución....................................................................................... 2 1.1.4. Taxonomía vegetal ............................................................................ 2 1.1.5. Parte a usar ........................................................................................ 3 1.1.6. Descripción botánica ......................................................................... 3 1.1.7. Composición química ....................................................................... 3 1.1.8. Usos medicinales .............................................................................. 4 1.1.9. Otros usos.......................................................................................... 5 1.2. SANK’AYU ........................................................................................ 6 1.2.1. Nombre científico ............................................................................. 6 1.2.2. Nombres vulgares ............................................................................. 6 1.2.3. Distribución....................................................................................... 6 1.2.4. Taxonomía vegetal ............................................................................ 7 1.2.5. Parte a usar ........................................................................................ 7 1.2.6. Descripción botánica ......................................................................... 7 1.2.7. Composición química ....................................................................... 8 1.2.8. Usos................................................................................................... 8 iv 1.3. LÍPIDOS ............................................................................................. 8 1.3.1. Absorción de lípidos ......................................................................... 9 1.3.2. Metabolismo de los lípidos ............................................................. 10 1.3.3. Distribución: Colesterol y lipoproteínas séricas ............................. 11 1.3.4. Almacenamiento de lípidos............................................................. 14 1.3.4.1 Tejido adiposo ........................................................................... 14 1.3.4.2 Lípidos hepáticos ...................................................................... 15 1.4. TRATAMIENTO DE DISLIPIDEMIAS .......................................... 16 1.4.1. Dislipidemia .................................................................................... 16 1.4.2. Tratamiento farmacológico de las dislipidemias ............................ 17 1.4.2.1 Inhibidores de la HMG CoA reductasa ..................................... 17 1.4.2.2 Inhibidores de la absorción de ácido biliar ............................... 18 1.4.2.3 Inhibidores de la absorción de colesterol .................................. 20 1.4.2.4 Fibratos ..................................................................................... 21 1.4.2.5 Ácido nicotínico ........................................................................ 22 1.4.3. Tratamiento no farmacológico de dislipidemias ............................. 23 1.5. OXÍGENO Y ESTRÉS OXIDATIVO .............................................. 25 1.5.1. Generalidades .................................................................................. 25 1.5.2. Concepto de radical libre ................................................................ 27 1.5.3. Fuentes de radicales de oxígeno en el cuerpo ................................. 27 1.5.4. Moléculas antioxidantes.................................................................. 29 CAPÍTULO II ................................................................................................... 31 2. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ..................................................................... 32 2.1. MATERIALES DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN ..................................... 32 2.1.1. Materiales de laboratorio ................................................................ 32 2.1.1.1 Utillaje de vidrio ....................................................................... 32 2.1.1.2 Equipos de laboratorio .............................................................. 32 2.1.1.3 Reactivos ................................................................................... 32 2.1.1.4 Reactivos de análisis clínicos.................................................... 33 2.1.1.5 Otros materiales ........................................................................ 33 2.1.2. Materiales biológicos ...................................................................... 34 2.1.2.1 Unidad vegetal .......................................................................... 34 v 2.1.2.2 Unidad animal ........................................................................... 34 2.2. METODOLOGÍAS UTILIZADAS .................................................. 35 2.2.1. Metodología de la investigación ....................................................
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