March 2009 & Quarterlynewsletterof Theclivia
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(Tribe Haemantheae) Inferred from Plastid and Nuclear Non-Coding DNA Sequences
Plant Syst. Evol. 244: 141–155 (2004) DOI 10.1007/s00606-003-0085-z Generic relationships among the baccate-fruited Amaryllidaceae (tribe Haemantheae) inferred from plastid and nuclear non-coding DNA sequences A. W. Meerow1, 2 and J. R. Clayton1 1 USDA-ARS-SHRS, National Germplasm Repository, Miami, Florida, USA 2 Fairchild Tropical Garden, Miami, Florida, USA Received October 22, 2002; accepted September 3, 2003 Published online: February 12, 2004 Ó Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract. Using sequences from the plastid trnL-F Key words: Amaryllidaceae, Haemantheae, geo- region and nrDNA ITS, we investigated the phy- phytes, South Africa, monocotyledons, DNA, logeny of the fleshy-fruited African tribe Haeman- phylogenetics, systematics. theae of the Amaryllidaceae across 19 species representing all genera of the tribe. ITS and a Baccate fruits have evolved only once in the combined matrix produce the most resolute and Amaryllidaceae (Meerow et al. 1999), and well-supported tree with parsimony analysis. Two solely in Africa, but the genera possessing main clades are resolved, one comprising the them have not always been recognized as a monophyletic rhizomatous genera Clivia and Cryp- monophyletic group. Haemanthus L. and tostephanus, and a larger clade that unites Haemanthus and Scadoxus as sister genera to an Gethyllis L. were the first two genera of the Apodolirion/Gethyllis subclade. One of four group to be described (Linneaus 1753). Her- included Gethyllis species, G. lanuginosa, resolves bert (1837) placed Haemanthus (including as sister to Apodolirion with ITS. Relationships Scadoxus Raf.) and Clivia Lindl. in the tribe among the Clivia species are not in agreement with Amaryllidiformes, while Gethyllis was classi- a previous published phylogeny. -
Phylogeny, Character Evolution and the Systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae)
THE PRIMITIVE EPIDENDROIDEAE (ORCHIDACEAE): PHYLOGENY, CHARACTER EVOLUTION AND THE SYSTEMATICS OF PSILOCHILUS (TRIPHOREAE) A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Erik Paul Rothacker, M.Sc. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Doctoral Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John V. Freudenstein, Adviser Dr. John Wenzel ________________________________ Dr. Andrea Wolfe Adviser Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Graduate Program COPYRIGHT ERIK PAUL ROTHACKER 2007 ABSTRACT Considering the significance of the basal Epidendroideae in understanding patterns of morphological evolution within the subfamily, it is surprising that no fully resolved hypothesis of historical relationships has been presented for these orchids. This is the first study to improve both taxon and character sampling. The phylogenetic study of the basal Epidendroideae consisted of two components, molecular and morphological. A molecular phylogeny using three loci representing each of the plant genomes including gap characters is presented for the basal Epidendroideae. Here we find Neottieae sister to Palmorchis at the base of the Epidendroideae, followed by Triphoreae. Tropidieae and Sobralieae form a clade, however the relationship between these, Nervilieae and the advanced Epidendroids has not been resolved. A morphological matrix of 40 taxa and 30 characters was constructed and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results support many of the traditional views of tribal composition, but do not fully resolve relationships among many of the tribes. A robust hypothesis of relationships is presented based on the results of a total evidence analysis using three molecular loci, gap characters and morphology. Palmorchis is placed at the base of the tree, sister to Neottieae, followed successively by Triphoreae sister to Epipogium, then Sobralieae. -
Vegetation Survey of Mount Gorongosa
VEGETATION SURVEY OF MOUNT GORONGOSA Tom Müller, Anthony Mapaura, Bart Wursten, Christopher Chapano, Petra Ballings & Robin Wild 2008 (published 2012) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 23 VEGETATION SURVEY OF MOUNT GORONGOSA Tom Müller, Anthony Mapaura, Bart Wursten, Christopher Chapano, Petra Ballings & Robin Wild 2008 (published 2012) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 23 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa P.O. Box FM730, Famona, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Vegetation Survey of Mt Gorongosa, page 2 SUMMARY Mount Gorongosa is a large inselberg almost 700 sq. km in extent in central Mozambique. With a vertical relief of between 900 and 1400 m above the surrounding plain, the highest point is at 1863 m. The mountain consists of a Lower Zone (mainly below 1100 m altitude) containing settlements and over which the natural vegetation cover has been strongly modified by people, and an Upper Zone in which much of the natural vegetation is still well preserved. Both zones are very important to the hydrology of surrounding areas. Immediately adjacent to the mountain lies Gorongosa National Park, one of Mozambique's main conservation areas. A key issue in recent years has been whether and how to incorporate the upper parts of Mount Gorongosa above 700 m altitude into the existing National Park, which is primarily lowland. [These areas were eventually incorporated into the National Park in 2010.] In recent years the unique biodiversity and scenic beauty of Mount Gorongosa have come under severe threat from the destruction of natural vegetation. This is particularly acute as regards moist evergreen forest, the loss of which has accelerated to alarming proportions. -
Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation
Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems MT MABU, MOZAMBIQUE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION November 2012 Jonathan Timberlake, Julian Bayliss, Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Colin Congdon, Bill Branch, Steve Collins, Michael Curran, Robert J. Dowsett, Lincoln Fishpool, Jorge Francisco, Tim Harris, Mirjam Kopp & Camila de Sousa ABRI african butterfly research in Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 2 Front cover: Main camp in lower forest area on Mt Mabu (JB). Frontispiece: View over Mabu forest to north (TT, top); Hermenegildo Matimele plant collecting (TT, middle L); view of Mt Mabu from abandoned tea estate (JT, middle R); butterflies (Lachnoptera ayresii) mating (JB, bottom L); Atheris mabuensis (JB, bottom R). Photo credits: JB – Julian Bayliss CS ‒ Camila de Sousa JT – Jonathan Timberlake TT – Tom Timberlake TH – Tim Harris Suggested citation: Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Congdon, C., Branch, W.R., Collins, S., Curran, M., Dowsett, R.J., Fishpool, L., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Kopp, M. & de Sousa, C. (2012). Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. 94 pp. Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 3 LIST OF CONTENTS List of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. -
Epidermal Structure, Organographic Distribution and Ontogeny of Stomata in Vegetative and Floral Organs of Stenoglottis Fimbriata (Orchidaceae)
S.AfrJ.Bot., 1994, 60(2): 113 - 117 113 DETHIER, M.N. PAULL, K.M. & WOODBURY, M.M. 1991. Distri coralline alga, Spongiles yendoi (Foslie) Chamberlain (Corallina bution and thallus thickness patterns in subtidal encrusting algae ceae, Rhodophyta) in South Africa 1. Exp. Mar. Bioi. Eco/. from Washington. BOI. Mar. 34: 201 - 210. MATSUDA, S. 1989. Succession and growth rates of encrusting EDYVEAN, R.G.J. & FORD, H. 1987. Growth rates of Lilhophyllum crustose coralline algae (Rhodophyta, Cryptonemiales) in the incruslans (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from South West Wales. upper fore-reef environment off Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands. Br. Phycol. 1. 22: 139 - 146. Coral Reefs 7: 185 - 195. JACKSON, J.B.C. 1979. Overgrowth competition between encrusting PAINE, RT. 1984. Ecological determinism in the competition for space. Ecology 65: 1339 - 1348. cheilostome ectoprocts in a Jamaican cryptic reef environment. 1. QUINN, 1982. Competitive hierarchies in marine benthic Anim. Ecol. 48: 805 - 823. J.F. communities. Oecologia (Berl.) 54: 129 - 135. JACKSON, J.B.C. & BUSS, L. 1975. Allelopathy and spatial SEBENS, K.P. 1986. Spatial relationships among encrusting marine competition among coral reef invertebrates. Proc. Nail. Acad. Sci. organisms in the New England subtidal zone. Ecol. Monogr. 56: USA 72: 5160 - 5163. 73 - 96. KEATS, D.W. & MANEVELDT, G. in press. LeplOphylum fovealum STENECK, R.S. 1985. Adaptations of crustose coralline algae to Chamberlain & Keats (Rhodophyta, Corallinales) retaliates against herbivory: Patterns in space and time. In: Paleoalgology, ed. D. competitive overgrowth by other encrusting algae. J. Exp. Mar. Toomy & M. Nitecki. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 352 - 366. Bioi. Ecol. STENECK, RS. -
A Feast of African Monocots
Muelleria 37: 127–132 Published online in advance of the print edition, Wednesday 24 April Book Review A Feast of African Monocots Geoff W. Carr Ecology Australia, 88B Station Street, Fairfield, Victoria 3078, Australia; e-mail: [email protected] The Amaryllidaceae of Southern Africa Graham Duncan, Barbara Jeppe, Leigh Voigt (2016) Umdaus Press, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa ISBN: 978-1-919766-50-8, Hardback i-x + 1–709 pages; 27 x 21 cm; 2.9 kg weight. RRP AU $268.99 With the most recent ordinal and familial classification of the angiosperms, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016) (APG IV) places 14 families in the Asparagales; together they comprise c. 35,513 species of global distribution. Orchidaceae (26,460 species) dwarfs all other Asparagoid families and makes the order the far most speciose of all monocot orders. Amaryllidaceae (Christenhusz et al. 2017) is largely warm-temperate and tropical in distribution with representatives on all the habitable continents. The amaryllids, with c. 2,140 species constitute the fourth Figure 1. Cover art for The largest family in Asparagales after Orchidaceae (25,000 species), Amaryllidaceae of Southern Africa. Asparagaceae (3,220 species) and Iridaceae (2,244 species), followed by Asphodelaceae (1,200 species). All other families are considerably smaller (Christenhusz et al. 2017). Three subfamilies are recognised in Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllideae (c. 1,000 species), Allioideae (1,134 species) and Agapanthoideae (7 species). A major radiation of Amaryllideae has occurred in southern Africa, with c. 250 species (11.6% of global total of Amaryllideae). The greatest radiation of Amaryllidaceae is in the Neotropics with 375 species (17.5% of global total) with a lesser centre of distribution in the Mediterranean basin. -
Using the Checklist N W C
Using the checklist • The arrangement of the checklist is alphabetical by family followed by genus, grouped under Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons. • All species and synonyms are arranged alphabetically under genus. • Accepted names are in bold print while synonyms or previously-used names are in italics. • In the case of synonyms, the currently used name follows the equals sign (=), and only refers to usage in Zimbabwe. • Distribution information is included under the current name. • The letters N, W, C, E, and S, following each listed taxon, indicate the known distribution of species within Zimbabwe as reflected by specimens in SRGH or cited in the literature. Where the distribution is unknown, we have inserted Distr.? after the taxon name. • All species known or suspected to be fully naturalised in Zimbabwe are included in the list. They are preceded by an asterisk (*). Species only known from planted or garden specimens were not included. Mozambique Zambia Kariba Mt. Darwin Lake Kariba N Victoria Falls Harare C Nyanga Mts. W Mutare Gweru E Bulawayo GREAT DYKEMasvingo Plumtree S Chimanimani Mts. Botswana N Beit Bridge South Africa The floristic regions of Zimbabwe: Central, East, North, South, West. A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants edited by Anthony Mapaura & Jonathan Timberlake Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 • 2004 • Recommended citation format MAPAURA, A. & TIMBERLAKE, J. (eds). 2004. A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants. -
A CHECK LIST of PLANTS RECORDED in TSAVO NATIONAL PARK, EAST by P
Page 169 A CHECK LIST OF PLANTS RECORDED IN TSAVO NATIONAL PARK, EAST By P. J. GREENWAY INTRODUCTION A preliminary list of the vascular plants of the Tsavo National Park, Kenya, was prepared by Mr. J. B. Gillett and Dr. D. Wood of the East African Herbarium during 1966. This I found most useful during a two month vegetation survey of Tsavo, East, which I was asked to undertake by the Director of Kenya National Parks, Mr. P. M. Olindo, during "the short rains", December-January 1966-1967. Mr. Gillett's list covered both the East and West Tsavo National Parks which are considered by the Trustees of the Kenya National Parks as quite separate entities, each with its own Warden in Charge, their separate staffs and organisations. As a result of my two months' field work I decided to prepare a Check List of the plants of the Tsavo National Park, East, based on the botanical material collected during the survey and a thorough search through the East African Herbarium for specimens which had been collected previously in Tsavo East or the immediate adjacent areas. This search was started in May, carried out intermittently on account of other work, and was completed in September 1967. BOTANICAL COLLECTORS The first traveller to have collected in the area of what is now the Tsavo National Park, East, was J. M. Hildebrandt who in January 1877 began his journey from Mombasa towards Mount Kenya. He explored Ndara and the Ndei hills in the Taita district, and reached Kitui in the Ukamba district, where he spent three months, returning to Mombasa and Zanzibar in August. -
Biodiversity, Ecology, and Secondary Metabolites Production of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Amaryllidaceae Crops
agriculture Review Biodiversity, Ecology, and Secondary Metabolites Production of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Amaryllidaceae Crops Gianluca Caruso 1, Nadezhda Golubkina 2, Alessio Tallarita 1, Magdi T. Abdelhamid 3 and Agnieszka Sekara 4,* 1 Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy; [email protected] (G.C.); [email protected] (A.T.) 2 Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Production, Selectsionnaya 14 VNIISSOK, 143072 Moscow, Odintsovo, Russia; [email protected] 3 Botany Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Behouth Steet, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; [email protected] 4 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture, 31-120 Krakow, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-12-6625216 Received: 28 September 2020; Accepted: 4 November 2020; Published: 6 November 2020 Abstract: Amaryllidaceae family comprises many crops of high market potential for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Nowadays, the utilization of plants as a source of bioactive compounds requires the plant/endophytic microbiome interactions, which affect all aspects of crop’s quantity and quality. This review highlights the taxonomy, ecology, and bioactive chemicals synthesized by endophytic fungi isolated from plants of the Amaryllidaceae family with a focus on the detection of pharmaceutically valuable plant and fungi constituents. The fungal microbiome of Amaryllidaceae is species- and tissue-dependent, although dominating endophytes are ubiquitous and isolated worldwide from taxonomically different hosts. Root sections showed higher colonization as compared to bulbs and leaves through the adaptation of endophytic fungi to particular morphological and physiological conditions of the plant tissues. Fungal endophytes associated with Amaryllidaceae plants are a natural source of ecofriendly bioagents of unique activities, with special regard to those associated with Amarylloidae subfamily. -
Asymbiotic Germination of South African Holothrix (Orchidaceae): a Successful Breeding Experiment to Prepare Repatriation Maksim I
© Landesmuseum für Kärnten; download www.landesmuseum.ktn.gv.at/wulfenia; www.zobodat.at Wulfenia 23 (2016): 113 –120 Mitteilungen des Kärntner Botanikzentrums Klagenfurt Asymbiotic germination of South African Holothrix (Orchidaceae): a successful breeding experiment to prepare repatriation Maksim I. Antipin, Elena A. Labunskaya & Vladimir V. Choob Summary: Three Holothrix species were germinated in vitro on ½ MS and Malmgren’s media and underwent a two-stage growing. Protocorms, primary shoots and tubers of root origin were obtained. The most successful morphogenesis occurred on Malmgren’s medium. Plantlets grown on ½ MS medium predominantly demonstrated a development of primary shoots, whereas plantlets transferred from ½ MS to Malmgren’s medium developed prominent tubers. Keywords: Holothrix, in vitro culture, nature conservation, repatriation The genus Holothrix Rich. ex Lindl. (Orchidaceae) was first described in 1835 by John Lindley, who based his description on an earlier work of Louis Richard published in 1818. According to modern estimates, the genus Holothrix includes up to 50–60 species distributed in Africa, Arabia and Socotra Island (H. socotrana). South Africa holds about one third of the total number of species within the genus (Pridgeon 2001). Plants of the genus Holothrix are either terrestrial or lithophytic orchids with small, ovoid, subterranean tubers of root origin, developing one or two oval or orbicular, often hairy, basal leaves spread flat on the ground. In some species (H. thodei Rolfe) the leaves wither away just before anthesis. The flowering season for the majority of species in Holothrix is spring and summer. Scapes are erect, unbranched, with or without sheathing leaves. The inflorescence is racemose (simple indeterminate spike). -
Phylogenetic Selection of Target Species in Amaryllidaceae Tribe
South African Journal of Botany 77 (2011) 175–183 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Phylogenetic selection of target species in Amaryllidaceae tribe Haemantheae for acetylcholinesterase inhibition and affinity to the serotonin reuptake transport protein M.G.K. Bay-Smidt a, A.K. Jäger a, K. Krydsfeldt a, A.W. Meerow b,c, G.I. Stafford a,d, ⁎ J. Van Staden d, N. Rønsted a, a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark b USDA-ARS-SHRS, National Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, Florida, USA c Fairchild Tropical Garden, Miami, Florida, USA d Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3201, South Africa Received 25 April 2010; received in revised form 14 July 2010; accepted 28 July 2010 Abstract We present phylogenetic analyses of 37 taxa of Amaryllidaceae, tribe Haemantheae and Amaryllis belladonna L. as an outgroup, in order to provide a phylogenetic framework for the selection of candidate plants for lead discoveries in relation to Alzheimer's disease and depression. DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the plastid trnL-F regions were used. Maximum parsimony analyses provide increased support for the sister relationship of Haemanthus and Scadoxus. Within Haemanthus, a well supported clade (89% BS) corresponds to a summer rainfall group (mainly Eastern Cape) with white-pale pink flowers. A second strongly supported clade (100% BS) corresponds to a winter rainfall group (mainly Western Cape) with red-pale pink flowers. Haemanthus montanus, which is from the summer rainfall region, is sister to the winter rainfall group. -
A List of Orchid Books
APPENDIX A list of Orchid Books TIM WING YAM, BENJAMIN SINGER, CHOY SIN HEW, TIIU KULL, IRINA TATARENKO, AND JOSEPH ARDITTI 279 280 T.W. Yam et al. Two private libraries, Benjamin Singer’s (which he donated to the American Orchid Society) and Joseph Arditti’s (its future is yet to be decided, it may be donated to an academic or scientific institutions or sold), served as primary sources for this list. However other sources were also used. The use of multiple sources increased the number of books which are listed but may have introduced errors or imperfections for following reasons. One and the same book may have been listed under different names erroneously. Names of authors may have been misspelled. When books have more than one author, the order of authors may have been presented differently in different lists and/or one or more names may have been omitted, added or misspelled. A book may have been published under different names in more than one country. Books are sometimes published by one publisher in one country and another in a different one. Spelling errors in different lists Translations Different editions Lack of information Conventions used in spelling names like “de” and “van.” Erroneous assumptions regarding Chinese surnames. The Chinese traditions is to list surname first, as for example, Yam Tim Wing which may end up incorrectly as Wing, Y. T. in some lists compiled in the West and correctly as T. W. Yam in others. Only the last names of some authors are listed. Some entries listed as books may in fact be no more than reprints.