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Using the Checklist N W C Using the checklist • The arrangement of the checklist is alphabetical by family followed by genus, grouped under Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons. • All species and synonyms are arranged alphabetically under genus. • Accepted names are in bold print while synonyms or previously-used names are in italics. • In the case of synonyms, the currently used name follows the equals sign (=), and only refers to usage in Zimbabwe. • Distribution information is included under the current name. • The letters N, W, C, E, and S, following each listed taxon, indicate the known distribution of species within Zimbabwe as reflected by specimens in SRGH or cited in the literature. Where the distribution is unknown, we have inserted Distr.? after the taxon name. • All species known or suspected to be fully naturalised in Zimbabwe are included in the list. They are preceded by an asterisk (*). Species only known from planted or garden specimens were not included. Mozambique Zambia Kariba Mt. Darwin Lake Kariba N Victoria Falls Harare C Nyanga Mts. W Mutare Gweru E Bulawayo GREAT DYKEMasvingo Plumtree S Chimanimani Mts. Botswana N Beit Bridge South Africa The floristic regions of Zimbabwe: Central, East, North, South, West. A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants edited by Anthony Mapaura & Jonathan Timberlake Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 • 2004 • Recommended citation format MAPAURA, A. & TIMBERLAKE, J. (eds). 2004. A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33. SABONET, Pretoria and Harare. Produced by National Herbarium & Botanic Garden Box A889 Avondale Harare Zimbabwe Tel.: 263-4-744170/745230/708938 Fax: 263-4-708938 E-mail: [email protected] Published by Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET) c/o South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X101, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa and National Herbarium & Botanic Garden, Box A889, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe Printed in 2004 in the Republic of South Africa by Capture Press, Pretoria, (27) 12 349-1802 ISBN 1-919976-14-0 © 2004 SABONET. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the permission of the copyright holder. Editor-in-chief: Marthina Mössmer Scientific editor: Jonathan Timberlake Subeditors: Lidia Gibson, Nicole Meyer Text design and layout: Suzanne Olivier, Antworks Layout & Design, Pretoria, (27) 72 5072198 Cover design: Suzanne Olivier, Antworks Layout & Design Front cover: (clockwise from top) Haroni Valley; Helichrysum argyrosphaerum (Asteraceae); Impatiens cecilii (Balsaminaceae); Schotia capitata (Fabaceae). (Photos: SRGH) Back cover: Gloriosa superba L., the Flame Lily. (Artist: Sue Williams) SABONET website: www.sabonet.org This report is a joint product of the National Herbarium and Botanic Garden of Zimbabwe and the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET) and was made possible through support provided by the Global Environment Facility (GEF)/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/World Conservation Union-Regional Office for southern Africa (IUCN ROSA) (Plot no. 14818 Lebatlane Road, Gaborone West, Extension 6 Gaborone, Botswana), under the terms of Grant No. 690-0283-A-00-5950. The opinions expressed herein are those of the au- thors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, the SABONET Steering Committee or SABONET National Working Groups. Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... vi Introduction ...................................................................................................1 Using the checklist........................................................................................3 Pteridophyta .................................................................................................5 Gymnospermae ..........................................................................................12 Dicotyledonae .............................................................................................13 Monocotyledonae .......................................................................................84 References ............................................................................................... 113 Numerical index ........................................................................................ 114 Alphabetical index ....................................................................................130 Education Centre in the National Botanic Garden. (Photo: Anthony Mapaura) Desert House in the National Botanic Garden. (Photo: Anthony Mapaura) Acknowledgements Thanks to John Burrows (Buffeskloof Herbarium, Lydenburg), Bob Drummond (SRGH, Harare), Robert Faden (Smithsonian, Washington DC), Lyn Fish (NBI, Pretoria), David Goyder (RBG Kew, London), Shakkie Kativu (University of Zimbabwe, Harare), Otto Leistner (NBI, Pretoria), Tom Müller (Harare), Alan Paton (RBG Kew, London), Patrick Phiri (Lusaka), Ratidzayi Takawira (SRGH, Harare), and Werner Fibeck for their contributions to various drafts. Particular thanks are due to Meg Coates Palgrave for making corrections to the draft list, to Bob Drummond for keeping nomenclature and determinations in SRGH updated over the years, and especially to Mark Hyde for allowing us to use his website and comprehensively correcting the draft. Much encouragement and assistance in the compilation of this document has also come from the staff of the National Herbarium, Harare, especially from the Head, Ms Nozipo Nobanda. The National Herbarium and Botanic Garden would like to thank the directorate of the Department of Research and Specialist Services and the Ministry of Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement for the support that they have given to the SABONET project. Appreciation is also extended to the SABONET Project for supporting this publication with funds made available by GEF/UNDP and USAID/IUCN ROSA. Entrance to the National Herbarium. (Photo: Anthony Mapaura) Botanic Garden Restaurant. (Photo: Anthony Mapaura) Introduction The first country-wide checklist of vascular plants occurring in Zimbabwe was produced by Eyles in 1916, and lists 2,484 plant taxa. It was obviously very incomplete. Since then there has been no full national checklist, only listings of selected groups such as legumes (Drummond 1972), woody plants (Drummond 1975), orchids (Grosvenor 1976), grasses (Simon 1971, Bennett 1980, Chapano 2002) and pteridophytes (Burrows & Burrows 1983). However, in recent years a checklist of vascular plants has been compiled from a range of published sources by Mark Hyde (Hyde 2003); it is web-based and can be found at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw. The checklist presented here is the first recent published comprehensive list of all of Zimbabwe’s vascular plant taxa and their distribution within the country. A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants grew out of a compilation of plant specimens held in the National Herbarium, Harare (SRGH), carried out under the auspices of the Southern African Botanical Network (SABONET) project. All herbarium holdings of Zimbabwe specimens were entered into the PRECIS database, which enables searches and listings to be readily done. It was realised, however, that although most taxa in Zimbabwe are represented by specimens at SRGH, many hundreds of taxa are not. Hence many records (both of taxa and distribution) from Hyde’s unpublished checklist were added to the preliminary checklist of herbarium holdings, along with records from the published literature (in particular, Flora zambesiaca (current editor, G. Pope) and volumes of Kirkia). Inclusion and nomenclature has been harmonised between the two as much as possible. One major difference is that Hyde’s list includes most species known to occur in a wild or semi-wild state, while the Checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants only includes native species and those known to be naturalised. A total of 5,930 vascular plant taxa (species, subspecies, and varieties) within 1,527 genera and 231 families are listed here as occurring in Zimbabwe (Table 1). It is likely that the actual number is higher, perhaps approaching 6,000. Angiosperms total 5,639 taxa in 193 families, while the Pteridophyta (ferns and fern allies) contain 283 species in 34 families. The smallest group is that of cone-bearing plants (Gymnospermae) with 8 species in 4 families. These figures differ slightly from those given by Hyde on his website, which lists 6,225 taxa of vascular plants in 238 families, 428 of which are introduced. Hyde also includes a number of still-undescribed species. The major families are given in Table 2. The largest family is the Poaceae (grasses), followed by the subfamily Papilionoideae of the Fabaceae (papilionoid legumes). Table 1. Counts of the plant taxa that occur in Zimbabwe. GROUP Families Genera Species/subspecies/ Introduced taxa varieties Pteridophyta 34 89 283 9 Gymnospermae 4 6 8 2 Monocotyledonae 45 351 1,610 73 Dicotyledonae 148 1,081 4,029 275 Totals 231 1,527 5,930 359 SABONET Report No. 33 1 Table 2. The largest plant families in Zimbabwe. Family No. of taxa Poaceae 585 Fabaceae: Papilionoideae 515 Asteraceae 416 Orchidaceae 350 Cyperaceae 243 Euphorbiaceae 231 Rubiaceae 218 Revision The present checklist is preliminary. In particular, the coverage of synonyms and other names that
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