DOCSLIB.ORG

A Cytotaxonomic Study of the Genus Cyrtanthus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

170 Cytologia 28 A Cytotaxonomic Study of the Genus Cyrtanthus R. Wilsenach Department of Botany, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa Received November 19, 1962 The members of the family Amaryllidaceae have relatively large chromo somes and this facilitates the computing of accurate idiograms which are a help in the understanding of the phylogeny of plants. Many workers, e.g. Taylor (1925), Heitz (1926), Sato (1938, 1942), Gouws (1949), Mookerjea (1955), Sharma and Bhattacharya (1956), and Sharma and Bal (1956), have studied the karyology of amaryllids in order to obtain a clearer picture of their relationships. The phylogenetic relationships of the amaryllid groups as proposed by Gouws (1949), for example, must be considered as a great im provement on the earlier systems which were based only on morphological characters. Unfortunately the karyological data are still far from complete, and serious discrepancies still exist as regards the interpretation of results. This is especially true of the genera Cyrtanthus, Vallota and Anoiganthus. Taylor (1925), Sato (1938, 1942), Gouws (1949), Mookerjea (1955) and Ising (1962), have studied several species belonging to these genera. These authors differ concerning the relationships of these plants and also as to their basic chromo some numbers, the diploid numbers of 16, 18, 20 and 22 having been reported. The present investigation attempts to throw further light on this problem by an extended study of the genus Cyrtanthus, which has South Africa as its main centre of distribution. Intention was, firstly, to find out more about the variation in chromosome number reported by other workers, and secondly, to correlate the karyological observations with morphological data to obtain a better understanding of the phylogeny of the genus. Material and methods Almost all the plants were collected in their natural habitat and replanted in a sandy loam in 4 "and 6" pots. The meiotic divisions of the pollen mother cells were found to take place before the inflorescences appear, with the result that preparations of meiotic stages would result in the destruction of numerous bulbs, and this could not be afforded. For this reason only mitotic stages in the root tips were recorded. The root tips were fixed in Craf (Randolph 1935) for 24 hours , except in the case of C. carneus in which case the root tips were fixed for about 1 hour in 3 alcohol: 1 propionic acid. The root tips of C. herrei were fixed in both fixing fluids. After fixation in Craf the root tips were transferred 1963 A Cytotaxonomic Study of the Genus Cyrtanthus 171 to 70% ethyl alcohol and dehydrated in the ethyl alcohol-normal butyl alcohol series according to Randolph (1935), embedded in paraffin wax, and cut 16 18 microns thick. Sections were stained in a 1% aqueous solution of crystal violet, following the method described by Smith (1934), and mounted in canada balsam. Six year old preparations show very little sign of bleaching. After fixation in 3 alcohol: 1 propionic acid the root tips were squashed and stained according to Warmke's (1935) prescription, but propionic acid was substituted for acetic acid. In order to make these slides permanent the methods of McClintock (1929), Conger and Fairchild (1953) and Cave and Pocock (1951) were tried. None of these proved to be without drawbacks, with the result that the slides were made semipermanent by sealing off the sides of the coverslip with "nail varnish". Table 1. Species investigated Description of somatic chromosomes In computing the idiograms of each species several metaphase plates were compared. The chromosomes of the species investigated are relatively long, with the result that the chromosome arms in polar view twist both towards and away from the observer, and this had to be taken into account. This was done by determining how far the chromosome arm twists towards the pole, and this distance is often as much as 6 microns. In the idiograms the chromosomes are generally arranged from the longest chromosome to the shortest. This is, however, not true of all the idiograms 172 R. Wilsenach Cytologia 28 e.g. C. parviflorus chromosome G is longer than chromosome F (Idiog. 9). These exceptions occur only to facilitate comparison of the different idiograms, and it infers a homology between e.g. chromosome G of C. par viflorus and the G chromosomes of the other species. The chromosomes were arbitrarily divided into long, medium and short, Table 2. Genome formulae and chromosome numbers of species investigated 1963 A Cytotaxonomic Study of the Genus Cyrtanthus 173 Figs. 1-18. Somatic chromosomes (2n) of Cyrtanthus species. 1, C. erubescens, 16. 2, C. thorncroftii, 16. 3, C. huttonii, 16. 4, C. species (from Northern Transvaal), 16. 5, C. mackenii, 16. 6, C. mackenii var. cooperi, 16. 7, C. brachyscyphus, 16. 8, C. parviflorus, 16. 9. C. ochroleucus, 16. 10, C. smithiae, 16. 11, C. helictus, 16. 12, C. obliquus, 16. 13, C. carneus (fixed in 3 alcohol: 1 propionic acid), 16. 14a, C. herrei (Craf fixation), 16. 14b, C. herrei (fixed in 3 alcohol: 1 propionic acid), 16. 15, C. contractus, 16. 16, C. sanguineus, 16. 17, C. galpinii, 16. 18, C. balenii, 16. 174 R. Wilsenach Cytologia 28 for which the letters 1 (longum), m (medium) and b (brevis) are used. In addition the letters V, L and f are used to indicate the position of the primary (kinetic) constriction: V for a median or near median constriction; L for sub median; and f for subterminal, i.e. when the proximal arm is 1/3 or less of the length of the distal arm. Discussion The karyology of the genus Cyrtanthus. Sato (1938) recorded 2n=22 as the somatic chromosome number of Cyrtanthus obliquus. According to Taylor (1925) the diploid number of C. parviflorus is 16, and Gouws (1949) reported the same number for C. tuckii var. transvaalensis. Flory (1955) investigated six species, viz. C. angustifolius, C. falcatus, C. ochroleucus (=C. lutescens), C. mackenii, C. O'Brieni and C. sanguineus, and quoted the diploid number 16 for all. Mookerjea (1955) studied C. sanguineus and a horticultural variety called Cyrtanthus "ifafa lily", and reported the diploid chromosome numbers as 18 and 20 respectively, and stated that it was not possible to make any sug gestions regarding the basic number for the genus. In the present work the three species, namely C. obliquus, C. parvi florus, and C. sanguineus were re-investigated and 16 chromosomes were regularly present. This is also true of all the other species investigated here, with result that the number 16 can be considered as the normal diploid number of this genus. Ising (private communication) made the following remark: "The number 2n=22 reported for C . obliquus... I think is wrong, as I found 2n=16 in my plants". The counts of 22, 20 and 18 reported by Sato (1938) and Mookerjea (1955) are difficult to interpret, unless they resulted from incorrect technique. It is apparently the first time that C. helictus, C. huttonii, C. mackenii var. cooperi, C. contractus, C. balenii, C. galpinii, C. brachyscyphus, C. smithiae, C. herrei, C. carneus, C. thorncroftii and C. erubescens have been investi gated cytologically. The idiograms of the different species show a fair degree of resemblance but vary from very asymmetrical ones to more symmetrical ones (e.g. C. brachyscyphus and C. obliquus respectively). Chromosome A is V-shaped or almost so in most species and varies in length between 15-19 microns. Chromo some B and C are often similar, are usually fairly long (10-18 microns) and usually have sub-median kinetic constrictions. Chromosome D is the most variable one in the complex and varies in length between 8 and 13 microns. Chromosomes E and F are often very similar and usually have sub-terminal kinetic constrictions, their length varies between 6-12 microns. Chromosome G is usually of mV type, the most striking exception being C. brachyscy phus, where this chromosome has a sub-terminal kinetic constriction. Its length varies between 5 and 10 microns. Chromosome H is always of the bf 1963 A Cytotaxonomic Study of the Genus Cyrtanthus 175 Idiograms 1-22. Idiograms of Cyrtanthus, Anoiganthus and Vallota species. 1, Anoigan thus breviforus (according to Gouws, 1949). 2, Cyrtanthus erubescens. 3, C. thorncroftii. 4, C. huttonii. 5, C. species (from Northern Transvaal). 5, C. mackenii. 7, C. mackenii var. cooperi. 8, C. brachyscyphus. 9, C. parviflorus. 10, C. ochroleucus. 11, C. smithiae. 12, C. helictus. 13, C. obliquus. 14, C. carneus (fixed in 3 alcohol: 1 propionic acid). 15, C. herrei (Craf fixation). 16, C. herrei (fixed in 3 alcohol: 1 propionic acid). 17, C. con tractus. 18, C. sanguineus. 19, C. galpinii. 20, C. balenii. 21, Vallota purpurea (accord ing to Gouws, 1949). 22, Cryptostephanus vansonii (according to Gouws, 1949). 176 R. Wilsenach Cytologia 28 type or nearly so, it varies in length between 5 and 10 microns. (The lengths quoted refer only to the determinations based on Craf-fixed material). Phylogeny. The genus Cyrtanthus has a rather interesting history. The first two species recorded were described under the generic name Crinum by Linnaeus in 1781. Eight years later the genus Cyrtanthus was created by Aiton (1789) to accommodate these species, which had curved flowers. Herbert originally separated the species which are now considered as belonging to Cyrtanthus into three genera viz. Monella, Cyrtanthus and Gastronema. When C. carneus became known to him he realised that it represented a link between Cyrtanthus and Monella, with the result that he combined these two genera. Baker in 1888 combined Gastronema with Cyrtanthus and the genus was composed of three sub-genera, Cyrtanthus proper, Monella and Gastr onema.
Recommended publications
  • News from the CREW

    News from the CREW

    Volume 6 • March 200 News from the CREW lthough 2009 has been a Asteraceae family) in full flower. REW, the Custodians of Areally challenging year with These plants are usually rather C Rare and Endangered the global recession having had inconspicuous and are very hard Wildflowers, is a programme a heavy impact on all of us, it to spot when not flowering, so that involves volunteers from we were very lucky to catch it could not break the strong spir- the public in the monitoring it of CREW. Amidst the great in flower. The CREW team has taken a special interest in the and conservation of South challenges we came up tops genus Marasmodes (we even Africa’s threatened plants. once again, with some excep- have a day in April dedicated to CREW aims to capacitate a tionally great discoveries. the monitoring of this genus) network of volunteers from as they all occur in the lowlands a range of socio-economic Our first great adventure for and are severely threatened. I backgrounds to monitor the year took place in the knew from the herbarium speci- and conserve South Afri- Villiersdorp area. We had to mens that there have not been ca’s threatened plant spe- collect flowering material of any collections of Marasmodes Prismatocarpus lycioides, a data cies. The programme links from the Villiersdorp area and volunteers with their local deficient species in the Campan- was therefore very excited conservation agencies and ulaceae family. We rediscovered about this discovery. As usual, this species in the area in 2008 my first reaction was: ‘It’s a particularly with local land and all we had to go on was a new species!’ but I soon so- stewardship initiatives to en- scrappy nonflowering branch.
  • A Comparative Karyomorphological Analysis of Crinum Asiaticum L. and Crinum Latifolium L

    A Comparative Karyomorphological Analysis of Crinum Asiaticum L. and Crinum Latifolium L

    ISSN (Online): 2349 -1183; ISSN (Print): 2349 -9265 TROPICAL PLANT RESEARCH 7(1): 51–54, 2020 The Journal of the Society for Tropical Plant Research DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i1.008 Research article A comparative karyomorphological analysis of Crinum asiaticum L. and Crinum latifolium L. from Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India Anushree Dolai and Asis Kumar Nandi* Cytology and Molecular laboratory, Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India *Corresponding Author: [email protected] [Accepted: 28 February 2020] Abstract: Crinum asiaticum and C. latifolium are two ornamental plant species with medicinal importance. These species have a host of biomolecules of pharmaceutical uses. The chromosomal study is a very basic one in characterizing the genetic material of a species. Earlier reports on such studies have shown both of 22 and 24 to represent the diploid number of chromosomes in the somatic cell of Crinum sp. The present study confirmed the 2n number as 22 for both of the species. However, these two species differ in respect of different parameters. Chromosome types are 10 metacentric and 12 submetacentric in C. asiaticum, while 10 metacentric, 6 submetacentric and 6 subterminal chromosomes in C. latifolium. Considerable variations are also evident in the total chromosomal length of the haploid set, symmetric index, degree of karyotype asymmetry, mean centromeric asymmetry, coefficient of variation of chromosome length, coefficient of variation of the centromeric index as well as the asymmetric index. These variations provide the chromosomal identity of these two species and also the nature of the relationship in them. Keywords: Chromosome study - Karyomorphology - Ideogram - Crinum species.
  • Complete Chloroplast Genomes Shed Light on Phylogenetic

    Complete Chloroplast Genomes Shed Light on Phylogenetic

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Complete chloroplast genomes shed light on phylogenetic relationships, divergence time, and biogeography of Allioideae (Amaryllidaceae) Ju Namgung1,4, Hoang Dang Khoa Do1,2,4, Changkyun Kim1, Hyeok Jae Choi3 & Joo‑Hwan Kim1* Allioideae includes economically important bulb crops such as garlic, onion, leeks, and some ornamental plants in Amaryllidaceae. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequences of 17 species of Allioideae, fve of Amaryllidoideae, and one of Agapanthoideae. These cpDNA sequences represent 80 protein‑coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes, and range from 151,808 to 159,998 bp in length. Loss and pseudogenization of multiple genes (i.e., rps2, infA, and rpl22) appear to have occurred multiple times during the evolution of Alloideae. Additionally, eight mutation hotspots, including rps15-ycf1, rps16-trnQ-UUG, petG-trnW-CCA , psbA upstream, rpl32- trnL-UAG , ycf1, rpl22, matK, and ndhF, were identifed in the studied Allium species. Additionally, we present the frst phylogenomic analysis among the four tribes of Allioideae based on 74 cpDNA coding regions of 21 species of Allioideae, fve species of Amaryllidoideae, one species of Agapanthoideae, and fve species representing selected members of Asparagales. Our molecular phylogenomic results strongly support the monophyly of Allioideae, which is sister to Amaryllioideae. Within Allioideae, Tulbaghieae was sister to Gilliesieae‑Leucocoryneae whereas Allieae was sister to the clade of Tulbaghieae‑ Gilliesieae‑Leucocoryneae. Molecular dating analyses revealed the crown age of Allioideae in the Eocene (40.1 mya) followed by diferentiation of Allieae in the early Miocene (21.3 mya). The split of Gilliesieae from Leucocoryneae was estimated at 16.5 mya.
  • (Tribe Haemantheae) Inferred from Plastid and Nuclear Non-Coding DNA Sequences

    (Tribe Haemantheae) Inferred from Plastid and Nuclear Non-Coding DNA Sequences

    Plant Syst. Evol. 244: 141–155 (2004) DOI 10.1007/s00606-003-0085-z Generic relationships among the baccate-fruited Amaryllidaceae (tribe Haemantheae) inferred from plastid and nuclear non-coding DNA sequences A. W. Meerow1, 2 and J. R. Clayton1 1 USDA-ARS-SHRS, National Germplasm Repository, Miami, Florida, USA 2 Fairchild Tropical Garden, Miami, Florida, USA Received October 22, 2002; accepted September 3, 2003 Published online: February 12, 2004 Ó Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract. Using sequences from the plastid trnL-F Key words: Amaryllidaceae, Haemantheae, geo- region and nrDNA ITS, we investigated the phy- phytes, South Africa, monocotyledons, DNA, logeny of the fleshy-fruited African tribe Haeman- phylogenetics, systematics. theae of the Amaryllidaceae across 19 species representing all genera of the tribe. ITS and a Baccate fruits have evolved only once in the combined matrix produce the most resolute and Amaryllidaceae (Meerow et al. 1999), and well-supported tree with parsimony analysis. Two solely in Africa, but the genera possessing main clades are resolved, one comprising the them have not always been recognized as a monophyletic rhizomatous genera Clivia and Cryp- monophyletic group. Haemanthus L. and tostephanus, and a larger clade that unites Haemanthus and Scadoxus as sister genera to an Gethyllis L. were the first two genera of the Apodolirion/Gethyllis subclade. One of four group to be described (Linneaus 1753). Her- included Gethyllis species, G. lanuginosa, resolves bert (1837) placed Haemanthus (including as sister to Apodolirion with ITS. Relationships Scadoxus Raf.) and Clivia Lindl. in the tribe among the Clivia species are not in agreement with Amaryllidiformes, while Gethyllis was classi- a previous published phylogeny.
  • Generic Classification of Amaryllidaceae Tribe Hippeastreae Nicolás García,1 Alan W

    Generic Classification of Amaryllidaceae Tribe Hippeastreae Nicolás García,1 Alan W

    TAXON 2019 García & al. • Genera of Hippeastreae SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENY Generic classification of Amaryllidaceae tribe Hippeastreae Nicolás García,1 Alan W. Meerow,2 Silvia Arroyo-Leuenberger,3 Renata S. Oliveira,4 Julie H. Dutilh,4 Pamela S. Soltis5 & Walter S. Judd5 1 Herbario EIF & Laboratorio de Sistemática y Evolución de Plantas, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile 2 USDA-ARS-SHRS, National Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, Florida 33158, U.S.A. 3 Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Labardén 200, CC 22, B1642HYD, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina 4 Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Postal Code 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil 5 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S.A. Address for correspondence: Nicolás García, [email protected] DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12062 Abstract A robust generic classification for Amaryllidaceae has remained elusive mainly due to the lack of unequivocal diagnostic characters, a consequence of highly canalized variation and a deeply reticulated evolutionary history. A consensus classification is pro- posed here, based on recent molecular phylogenetic studies, morphological and cytogenetic variation, and accounting for secondary criteria of classification, such as nomenclatural stability. Using the latest sutribal classification of Hippeastreae (Hippeastrinae and Traubiinae) as a foundation, we propose the recognition of six genera, namely Eremolirion gen. nov., Hippeastrum, Phycella s.l., Rhodolirium s.str., Traubia, and Zephyranthes s.l. A subgeneric classification is suggested for Hippeastrum and Zephyranthes to denote putative subclades.
  • Newsletter No. 4 Autumn 2005

    Newsletter No. 4 Autumn 2005

    The Southern African Bulb Group Newsletter No. 4 Autumn 2005 The Southern African Bulb Group was initiated by a group of enthusiasts on April 4th 2004. The objective of the group is to further the understanding of the cultivation of Southern African bulbs, where `bulbs' is used in the broad sense to encompass bulb-, corm- and tuber- possessing Southern African plants, including `dicots' such as Oxalis. In the first instance the group will be run on an informal basis, with an initial subscription of £5 invited from participants. Committee: Robin Attrill (Membership secretary and Newsletter editor), Margaret Corina (Treasurer), Stefan Rau and Terry Smale Editorial This issue of the newsletter contains a report of the meeting of the group held at Rupert Bowlby's Nursery on April 9th 2005, an article on Crinum moorei by David Corina, information on recent literature of interest to growers of Southern African bulbs, and an updated list of suppliers of seed and bulbs/corms of Southern African geophytes. In addition a balance sheet covering the first year of operation of the group is attached. With respect to the supplier list, please let me know if you are aware of other sources which should be included. As I have previously stated the group welcomes articles, and suggestions, for inclusion in future newsletters. Contributions (hand/typewritten and electronic are acceptable!) are urgently required and should be sent to the newsletter editor at 17 Waterhouse Moor, Harlow, Essex, CM18 6BA (Email [email protected] ) Publication of the next issue is scheduled for December 2005. Report on visit to Rupert Bowlby - Saturday 9 th April 2005 by David Corina About 20 members attended the event, and the Group would like to thank Rupert for his hospitality at the event and for opening his collection to the public gaze.
  • Vegetation Survey of Mount Gorongosa

    Vegetation Survey of Mount Gorongosa

    VEGETATION SURVEY OF MOUNT GORONGOSA Tom Müller, Anthony Mapaura, Bart Wursten, Christopher Chapano, Petra Ballings & Robin Wild 2008 (published 2012) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 23 VEGETATION SURVEY OF MOUNT GORONGOSA Tom Müller, Anthony Mapaura, Bart Wursten, Christopher Chapano, Petra Ballings & Robin Wild 2008 (published 2012) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 23 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa P.O. Box FM730, Famona, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Vegetation Survey of Mt Gorongosa, page 2 SUMMARY Mount Gorongosa is a large inselberg almost 700 sq. km in extent in central Mozambique. With a vertical relief of between 900 and 1400 m above the surrounding plain, the highest point is at 1863 m. The mountain consists of a Lower Zone (mainly below 1100 m altitude) containing settlements and over which the natural vegetation cover has been strongly modified by people, and an Upper Zone in which much of the natural vegetation is still well preserved. Both zones are very important to the hydrology of surrounding areas. Immediately adjacent to the mountain lies Gorongosa National Park, one of Mozambique's main conservation areas. A key issue in recent years has been whether and how to incorporate the upper parts of Mount Gorongosa above 700 m altitude into the existing National Park, which is primarily lowland. [These areas were eventually incorporated into the National Park in 2010.] In recent years the unique biodiversity and scenic beauty of Mount Gorongosa have come under severe threat from the destruction of natural vegetation. This is particularly acute as regards moist evergreen forest, the loss of which has accelerated to alarming proportions.
  • TAXANOMY of the GENUS Crinum (Amaryllidaceae)

    TAXANOMY of the GENUS Crinum (Amaryllidaceae)

    Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci.) 35 (1): 53 -72, 2006 53 AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE TAXONOMY OF CRINUM ZEYLANICUM (L.) L. AND CRINUM LATIFOLIUM L. (AMARYLLIDACEAE) OCCURRING IN SRI LANKA D.M.D. Yakandawala* and T.M. Samarakoon Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya. Sri Lanka. Accepted 27 February 2006 ABSTRACT Crinum latifolium L. and C. zeylanicum (L.) L. are two Crinum species native to Sri Lanka, but their species delimitation has been a point of debate since their establishment as separate species. During the recent revision of the Sri Lankan Amaryllidaceae, both species have been recognized. The separation of the two species is based on the leaf undulation and the size of the leaves. Field experiences suggest the occurrence of Crinum species with other distinct characters, raising the question of their species limits. Therefore, a detailed taxonomic study on species limits of C. latifolium and C. zeylanicum was carried out to solve the taxonomic ambiguity, based on empirical methods. Specimens were collected from all possible geographical locations. Morphological characteristics with distinct character states were studied at both macroscopic and microscopic level and coded into data matrices. Species limits were determined by phenetic and phylogenetic methods. The results clearly suggested the occurrence of two morphologically distinct groups supporting the recognition of C. latifolium L. and C. zeylanicum (L.) L. Furthermore, two morphologically distinct forms of C. zeylanicum were identified as occurring in Sri Lanka which had not been previously recorded. In view of the fact that the characters of these two types are stable and not dependent on the environment, formal taxonomic ranks could be offered.
  • Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation

    Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation

    Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems MT MABU, MOZAMBIQUE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION November 2012 Jonathan Timberlake, Julian Bayliss, Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Colin Congdon, Bill Branch, Steve Collins, Michael Curran, Robert J. Dowsett, Lincoln Fishpool, Jorge Francisco, Tim Harris, Mirjam Kopp & Camila de Sousa ABRI african butterfly research in Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 2 Front cover: Main camp in lower forest area on Mt Mabu (JB). Frontispiece: View over Mabu forest to north (TT, top); Hermenegildo Matimele plant collecting (TT, middle L); view of Mt Mabu from abandoned tea estate (JT, middle R); butterflies (Lachnoptera ayresii) mating (JB, bottom L); Atheris mabuensis (JB, bottom R). Photo credits: JB – Julian Bayliss CS ‒ Camila de Sousa JT – Jonathan Timberlake TT – Tom Timberlake TH – Tim Harris Suggested citation: Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Congdon, C., Branch, W.R., Collins, S., Curran, M., Dowsett, R.J., Fishpool, L., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Kopp, M. & de Sousa, C. (2012). Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. 94 pp. Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 3 LIST OF CONTENTS List of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................
  • A Feast of African Monocots

    A Feast of African Monocots

    Muelleria 37: 127–132 Published online in advance of the print edition, Wednesday 24 April Book Review A Feast of African Monocots Geoff W. Carr Ecology Australia, 88B Station Street, Fairfield, Victoria 3078, Australia; e-mail: [email protected] The Amaryllidaceae of Southern Africa Graham Duncan, Barbara Jeppe, Leigh Voigt (2016) Umdaus Press, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa ISBN: 978-1-919766-50-8, Hardback i-x + 1–709 pages; 27 x 21 cm; 2.9 kg weight. RRP AU $268.99 With the most recent ordinal and familial classification of the angiosperms, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016) (APG IV) places 14 families in the Asparagales; together they comprise c. 35,513 species of global distribution. Orchidaceae (26,460 species) dwarfs all other Asparagoid families and makes the order the far most speciose of all monocot orders. Amaryllidaceae (Christenhusz et al. 2017) is largely warm-temperate and tropical in distribution with representatives on all the habitable continents. The amaryllids, with c. 2,140 species constitute the fourth Figure 1. Cover art for The largest family in Asparagales after Orchidaceae (25,000 species), Amaryllidaceae of Southern Africa. Asparagaceae (3,220 species) and Iridaceae (2,244 species), followed by Asphodelaceae (1,200 species). All other families are considerably smaller (Christenhusz et al. 2017). Three subfamilies are recognised in Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllideae (c. 1,000 species), Allioideae (1,134 species) and Agapanthoideae (7 species). A major radiation of Amaryllideae has occurred in southern Africa, with c. 250 species (11.6% of global total of Amaryllideae). The greatest radiation of Amaryllidaceae is in the Neotropics with 375 species (17.5% of global total) with a lesser centre of distribution in the Mediterranean basin.
  • Phylogeny, Genome Size, and Chromosome Evolution of Asparagales J

    Phylogeny, Genome Size, and Chromosome Evolution of Asparagales J

    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 24 2006 Phylogeny, Genome Size, and Chromosome Evolution of Asparagales J. Chris Pires University of Wisconsin-Madison; University of Missouri Ivan J. Maureira University of Wisconsin-Madison Thomas J. Givnish University of Wisconsin-Madison Kenneth J. Systma University of Wisconsin-Madison Ole Seberg University of Copenhagen; Natural History Musem of Denmark See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Pires, J. Chris; Maureira, Ivan J.; Givnish, Thomas J.; Systma, Kenneth J.; Seberg, Ole; Peterson, Gitte; Davis, Jerrold I.; Stevenson, Dennis W.; Rudall, Paula J.; Fay, Michael F.; and Chase, Mark W. (2006) "Phylogeny, Genome Size, and Chromosome Evolution of Asparagales," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 24. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/24 Phylogeny, Genome Size, and Chromosome Evolution of Asparagales Authors J. Chris Pires, Ivan J. Maureira, Thomas J. Givnish, Kenneth J. Systma, Ole Seberg, Gitte Peterson, Jerrold I. Davis, Dennis W. Stevenson, Paula J. Rudall, Michael F. Fay, and Mark W. Chase This article is available in Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/ 24 Asparagales ~£~2COTSgy and Evolution Excluding Poales Aliso 22, pp. 287-304 © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden PHYLOGENY, GENOME SIZE, AND CHROMOSOME EVOLUTION OF ASPARAGALES 1 7 8 1 3 9 J. CHRIS PIRES, • • IVAN J. MAUREIRA, THOMAS J. GIVNISH, 2 KENNETH J. SYTSMA, 2 OLE SEBERG, · 9 4 6 GITTE PETERSEN, 3· JERROLD I DAVIS, DENNIS W.
  • On the Flora of Australia

    On the Flora of Australia

    L'IBRARY'OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY. BOUGHT. THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA, ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION; BEING AN TO THE FLORA OF TASMANIA. BY JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S., L.S., & G.S.; LATE BOTANIST TO THE ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. r^/f'ORElGN&ENGLISH' <^ . 1859. i^\BOOKSELLERS^.- PR 2G 1.912 Gray Herbarium Harvard University ON THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION. I I / ON THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA, ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION; BEIKG AN TO THE FLORA OF TASMANIA. BY JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S., L.S., & G.S.; LATE BOTANIST TO THE ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. Reprinted from the JJotany of the Antarctic Expedition, Part III., Flora of Tasmania, Vol. I. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1859. PRINTED BY JOHN EDWARD TAYLOR, LITTLE QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. CONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. § i. Preliminary Remarks. PAGE Sources of Information, published and unpublished, materials, collections, etc i Object of arranging them to discuss the Origin, Peculiarities, and Distribution of the Vegetation of Australia, and to regard them in relation to the views of Darwin and others, on the Creation of Species .... iii^ § 2. On the General Phenomena of Variation in the Vegetable Kingdom. All plants more or less variable ; rate, extent, and nature of variability ; differences of amount and degree in different natural groups of plants v Parallelism of features of variability in different groups of individuals (varieties, species, genera, etc.), and in wild and cultivated plants vii Variation a centrifugal force ; the tendency in the progeny of varieties being to depart further from their original types, not to revert to them viii Effects of cross-impregnation and hybridization ultimately favourable to permanence of specific character x Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection ; — its effects on variable organisms under varying conditions is to give a temporary stability to races, species, genera, etc xi § 3.