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A Comparative Karyomorphological Analysis of Crinum Asiaticum L. and Crinum Latifolium L
ISSN (Online): 2349 -1183; ISSN (Print): 2349 -9265 TROPICAL PLANT RESEARCH 7(1): 51–54, 2020 The Journal of the Society for Tropical Plant Research DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i1.008 Research article A comparative karyomorphological analysis of Crinum asiaticum L. and Crinum latifolium L. from Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India Anushree Dolai and Asis Kumar Nandi* Cytology and Molecular laboratory, Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India *Corresponding Author: [email protected] [Accepted: 28 February 2020] Abstract: Crinum asiaticum and C. latifolium are two ornamental plant species with medicinal importance. These species have a host of biomolecules of pharmaceutical uses. The chromosomal study is a very basic one in characterizing the genetic material of a species. Earlier reports on such studies have shown both of 22 and 24 to represent the diploid number of chromosomes in the somatic cell of Crinum sp. The present study confirmed the 2n number as 22 for both of the species. However, these two species differ in respect of different parameters. Chromosome types are 10 metacentric and 12 submetacentric in C. asiaticum, while 10 metacentric, 6 submetacentric and 6 subterminal chromosomes in C. latifolium. Considerable variations are also evident in the total chromosomal length of the haploid set, symmetric index, degree of karyotype asymmetry, mean centromeric asymmetry, coefficient of variation of chromosome length, coefficient of variation of the centromeric index as well as the asymmetric index. These variations provide the chromosomal identity of these two species and also the nature of the relationship in them. Keywords: Chromosome study - Karyomorphology - Ideogram - Crinum species. -
Complete Chloroplast Genomes Shed Light on Phylogenetic
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Complete chloroplast genomes shed light on phylogenetic relationships, divergence time, and biogeography of Allioideae (Amaryllidaceae) Ju Namgung1,4, Hoang Dang Khoa Do1,2,4, Changkyun Kim1, Hyeok Jae Choi3 & Joo‑Hwan Kim1* Allioideae includes economically important bulb crops such as garlic, onion, leeks, and some ornamental plants in Amaryllidaceae. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequences of 17 species of Allioideae, fve of Amaryllidoideae, and one of Agapanthoideae. These cpDNA sequences represent 80 protein‑coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes, and range from 151,808 to 159,998 bp in length. Loss and pseudogenization of multiple genes (i.e., rps2, infA, and rpl22) appear to have occurred multiple times during the evolution of Alloideae. Additionally, eight mutation hotspots, including rps15-ycf1, rps16-trnQ-UUG, petG-trnW-CCA , psbA upstream, rpl32- trnL-UAG , ycf1, rpl22, matK, and ndhF, were identifed in the studied Allium species. Additionally, we present the frst phylogenomic analysis among the four tribes of Allioideae based on 74 cpDNA coding regions of 21 species of Allioideae, fve species of Amaryllidoideae, one species of Agapanthoideae, and fve species representing selected members of Asparagales. Our molecular phylogenomic results strongly support the monophyly of Allioideae, which is sister to Amaryllioideae. Within Allioideae, Tulbaghieae was sister to Gilliesieae‑Leucocoryneae whereas Allieae was sister to the clade of Tulbaghieae‑ Gilliesieae‑Leucocoryneae. Molecular dating analyses revealed the crown age of Allioideae in the Eocene (40.1 mya) followed by diferentiation of Allieae in the early Miocene (21.3 mya). The split of Gilliesieae from Leucocoryneae was estimated at 16.5 mya. -
Generic Classification of Amaryllidaceae Tribe Hippeastreae Nicolás García,1 Alan W
TAXON 2019 García & al. • Genera of Hippeastreae SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENY Generic classification of Amaryllidaceae tribe Hippeastreae Nicolás García,1 Alan W. Meerow,2 Silvia Arroyo-Leuenberger,3 Renata S. Oliveira,4 Julie H. Dutilh,4 Pamela S. Soltis5 & Walter S. Judd5 1 Herbario EIF & Laboratorio de Sistemática y Evolución de Plantas, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile 2 USDA-ARS-SHRS, National Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, Florida 33158, U.S.A. 3 Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Labardén 200, CC 22, B1642HYD, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina 4 Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Postal Code 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil 5 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S.A. Address for correspondence: Nicolás García, [email protected] DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12062 Abstract A robust generic classification for Amaryllidaceae has remained elusive mainly due to the lack of unequivocal diagnostic characters, a consequence of highly canalized variation and a deeply reticulated evolutionary history. A consensus classification is pro- posed here, based on recent molecular phylogenetic studies, morphological and cytogenetic variation, and accounting for secondary criteria of classification, such as nomenclatural stability. Using the latest sutribal classification of Hippeastreae (Hippeastrinae and Traubiinae) as a foundation, we propose the recognition of six genera, namely Eremolirion gen. nov., Hippeastrum, Phycella s.l., Rhodolirium s.str., Traubia, and Zephyranthes s.l. A subgeneric classification is suggested for Hippeastrum and Zephyranthes to denote putative subclades. -
TAXANOMY of the GENUS Crinum (Amaryllidaceae)
Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci.) 35 (1): 53 -72, 2006 53 AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE TAXONOMY OF CRINUM ZEYLANICUM (L.) L. AND CRINUM LATIFOLIUM L. (AMARYLLIDACEAE) OCCURRING IN SRI LANKA D.M.D. Yakandawala* and T.M. Samarakoon Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya. Sri Lanka. Accepted 27 February 2006 ABSTRACT Crinum latifolium L. and C. zeylanicum (L.) L. are two Crinum species native to Sri Lanka, but their species delimitation has been a point of debate since their establishment as separate species. During the recent revision of the Sri Lankan Amaryllidaceae, both species have been recognized. The separation of the two species is based on the leaf undulation and the size of the leaves. Field experiences suggest the occurrence of Crinum species with other distinct characters, raising the question of their species limits. Therefore, a detailed taxonomic study on species limits of C. latifolium and C. zeylanicum was carried out to solve the taxonomic ambiguity, based on empirical methods. Specimens were collected from all possible geographical locations. Morphological characteristics with distinct character states were studied at both macroscopic and microscopic level and coded into data matrices. Species limits were determined by phenetic and phylogenetic methods. The results clearly suggested the occurrence of two morphologically distinct groups supporting the recognition of C. latifolium L. and C. zeylanicum (L.) L. Furthermore, two morphologically distinct forms of C. zeylanicum were identified as occurring in Sri Lanka which had not been previously recorded. In view of the fact that the characters of these two types are stable and not dependent on the environment, formal taxonomic ranks could be offered. -
Phylogeny, Genome Size, and Chromosome Evolution of Asparagales J
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 24 2006 Phylogeny, Genome Size, and Chromosome Evolution of Asparagales J. Chris Pires University of Wisconsin-Madison; University of Missouri Ivan J. Maureira University of Wisconsin-Madison Thomas J. Givnish University of Wisconsin-Madison Kenneth J. Systma University of Wisconsin-Madison Ole Seberg University of Copenhagen; Natural History Musem of Denmark See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Pires, J. Chris; Maureira, Ivan J.; Givnish, Thomas J.; Systma, Kenneth J.; Seberg, Ole; Peterson, Gitte; Davis, Jerrold I.; Stevenson, Dennis W.; Rudall, Paula J.; Fay, Michael F.; and Chase, Mark W. (2006) "Phylogeny, Genome Size, and Chromosome Evolution of Asparagales," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 24. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/24 Phylogeny, Genome Size, and Chromosome Evolution of Asparagales Authors J. Chris Pires, Ivan J. Maureira, Thomas J. Givnish, Kenneth J. Systma, Ole Seberg, Gitte Peterson, Jerrold I. Davis, Dennis W. Stevenson, Paula J. Rudall, Michael F. Fay, and Mark W. Chase This article is available in Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/ 24 Asparagales ~£~2COTSgy and Evolution Excluding Poales Aliso 22, pp. 287-304 © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden PHYLOGENY, GENOME SIZE, AND CHROMOSOME EVOLUTION OF ASPARAGALES 1 7 8 1 3 9 J. CHRIS PIRES, • • IVAN J. MAUREIRA, THOMAS J. GIVNISH, 2 KENNETH J. SYTSMA, 2 OLE SEBERG, · 9 4 6 GITTE PETERSEN, 3· JERROLD I DAVIS, DENNIS W. -
On the Flora of Australia
L'IBRARY'OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY. BOUGHT. THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA, ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION; BEING AN TO THE FLORA OF TASMANIA. BY JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S., L.S., & G.S.; LATE BOTANIST TO THE ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. r^/f'ORElGN&ENGLISH' <^ . 1859. i^\BOOKSELLERS^.- PR 2G 1.912 Gray Herbarium Harvard University ON THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION. I I / ON THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA, ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION; BEIKG AN TO THE FLORA OF TASMANIA. BY JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S., L.S., & G.S.; LATE BOTANIST TO THE ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. Reprinted from the JJotany of the Antarctic Expedition, Part III., Flora of Tasmania, Vol. I. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1859. PRINTED BY JOHN EDWARD TAYLOR, LITTLE QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. CONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. § i. Preliminary Remarks. PAGE Sources of Information, published and unpublished, materials, collections, etc i Object of arranging them to discuss the Origin, Peculiarities, and Distribution of the Vegetation of Australia, and to regard them in relation to the views of Darwin and others, on the Creation of Species .... iii^ § 2. On the General Phenomena of Variation in the Vegetable Kingdom. All plants more or less variable ; rate, extent, and nature of variability ; differences of amount and degree in different natural groups of plants v Parallelism of features of variability in different groups of individuals (varieties, species, genera, etc.), and in wild and cultivated plants vii Variation a centrifugal force ; the tendency in the progeny of varieties being to depart further from their original types, not to revert to them viii Effects of cross-impregnation and hybridization ultimately favourable to permanence of specific character x Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection ; — its effects on variable organisms under varying conditions is to give a temporary stability to races, species, genera, etc xi § 3. -
Break-Down of Sphingophily and Its Affect on Sexual Reproduction in Crinum Latifolium L. (Amaryllidaceae), a Dry Season Bloomer
ANALYSIS Vol. 21, Issue 67, 2020 ANALYSIS ARTICLE ISSN 2319–5746 EISSN 2319–5754 Species Break-down of sphingophily and its affect on sexual reproduction in Crinum latifolium L. (Amaryllidaceae), a dry season bloomer in the Araku valley of northern Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh Solomon Raju AJ1, Lakshminarayana G2, Ch. Prasada Rao3, Dileepu Kumar B4, K. Venkata Ramana5, Santhi Kumari M6, Prasad KBJ7 1,4-7Department of Environmental Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India 2Department of Environmental Sciences, Gayathri Vidya Parishad College for Degree & P.G. Courses (Autonomous), M.V.P. Colony, Visakhapatnam 530 017, India 3,5Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India 4Department of Botany, M.R. College (Autonomous), Vizianagaram 535 003, India Corresponding author: A.J. Solomon Raju, Mobile: 91-9866256682, email:[email protected] Article History Received: 07 January 2020 Accepted: 20 February 2020 Published: February 2020 Citation Solomon Raju AJ, Lakshminarayana G, Ch. Prasada Rao, Dileepu Kumar B, K. Venkata Ramana, Santhi Kumari M, Prasad KBJ. Break- down of sphingophily and its affect on sexual reproduction in Crinum latifolium L. (Amaryllidaceae), a dry season bloomer in the Araku valley of northern Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh. Species, 2020, 21(67), 120-125 Publication License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 120 General Note Article is recommended to print as color digital version in recycled paper. Page © 2020 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved. www.discoveryjournals.org OPEN ACCESS ANALYSIS ARTICLE ABSTRACT C. latifolium is a deciduous perennial bulbous herb and blooms during March-May. It is functionally hermaphroditic, dichogamous and herkogamous. -
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Effects of the Bulb of Ammocharis Coranica (Amaryllidaceae) and Its Active Constituent Lycorine
South African Journal of Botany 85 (2013) 44–47 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect South African Journal of Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects of the bulb of Ammocharis coranica (Amaryllidaceae) and its active constituent lycorine I.L. Elisha a,b, E.E. Elgorashi a,1, A.A. Hussein c, G. Duncan d, J.N. Eloff a,⁎ a Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa b Drug Development Section, Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria c Department of Chemistry, University of Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa d Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Private Bag X7, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa article info abstract Article history: Ammocharis coranica (Ker-Gawl.) Herb. (Amaryllidaceae) is used in southern Africa for the treatment of mental Received 28 June 2012 illnesses. The ethanol extracts of the bulb of A. coranica and its total alkaloids rich fractions were screened for in- Received in revised form 16 November 2012 hibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE), which is implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's dis- Accepted 28 November 2012 ease. The ethanolic extracts significantly inhibited AChE with IC value of 14.3±0.50 μg/ml. The basic ethyl Available online 7 January 2013 50 acetate and butanol fractions of the crude extracts were the most active against AChE with IC50 values of μ Edited by J Van Staden 43.1±1.22 and 0.05±0.02 g/ml respectively. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the basic fractions led to the iso- lation of lycorine and 24-methylenecycloartan-3β-ol. -
Systematic Studies in the Family Liliaceae from Bangladesh
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 15(2): 115-128, 2008 (December) © 2008 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists SYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN THE FAMILY LILIACEAE FROM BANGLADESH 1 SUMONA AFROZ AND MD. ABUL HASSAN Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Keywords: Liliaceae, Systematic studies, Bangladesh Abstract The family Liliaceae A.L. de Jussieu has been revised for Bangladesh and a total of 34 species with one variant under 16 genera have been recorded. Artificial dichotomous keys to the genera and species have been given. Descriptions have been provided for each taxon, and local names, flowering and fruiting periods have been added wherever available. Out of 34 species, 16 species are native/naturalized and 18 species, including 1 variant, are exotic. Four genera, ten species and one variant have been documented for the first time in Bangladesh. Introduction Liliaceae A.L. de Jussieu, the Lily family, is a moderately large family consisting of about 280 genera and nearly 4000 species, widespread throughout the world, but most abundant and varied in fairly dry, temperate to subtropical regions. The family is characterized by the following diagnostic characters: i) Perennial or annual herbs, rarely shrubs, with starchy rhizome, bulb or corm; ii) Leaves simple, alternate or less often opposite or whorled, often all basal; iii) Flowers in a raceme, spike, panicle or involucrate cymose umbel, sometimes solitary or paired in the axils of the leaves; iv) Tepals 6-8, usually in 2 similar petaloid cycles, stamens usually as many as the tepals; v) Carpels 3 (rarely 2 or 4), united, ovary superior or inferior with axile or basal placentation; vi) Fruit a loculicidal or septicidal capsule, less often a berry, seeds often flat (Cronquist 1981). -
Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Crinum L. (Liliaceae) of Bangladesh
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 25(2): 257–271, 2018 (December) © 2018 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CRINUM L. (LILIACEAE) OF BANGLADESH 1 SUMONA AFROZ, M. OLIUR RAHMAN AND MD. ABUL HASSAN Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Keywords: Crinum L.; Taxonomy; Revision; Amaryllidaceae; Bangladesh. Abstract The genus Crinum L. represented by eight species in Bangladesh is revised. The species occurring in Bangladesh are Crinum amabile Donn, C. amoenum Roxb., C. asiaticum L., C. defixum Ker-Gawl., C. jagus (Thomps.) Dandy, C. latifolium L., C. pratense Herb. and C. stenophyllum Baker. Each species is described with updated nomenclature, important synonyms, English and Bangla names, phenology, specimens examined, chromosome number, habitat, distribution, economic value and mode of propagation. A dichotomous bracketed key to the species and illustrations are also provided. Introduction The classification of the lilioid monocots has long been problematic (Chase et al., 2009). Some authors treated all lilioid monocots including the genus Crinum L. in one family, Liliaceae s.l. (Cronquist, 1981). Though the genus Crinum L. was formerly included in the family Liliaceae, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) reevaluated the taxonomic position of this genus and placed it in the family Amaryllidaceae (APG III, 2009). Linnaeus established the genus Crinum in 1737 recognising four species, viz. Crinum latifolium, C. asiaticum, C. americanum and C. africanum (Nordal, 1977). The pantropical genus Crinum L. consists of about 112 species distributed in tropical Africa, America, Asia and Australia (Govaerts et al., 2012). The genus is most diverse in Africa, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. Biogeographical analyses place the origin of Crinum in southern Africa (Meerow et al., 2003; Kwembeya et al., 2007). -
MG Feb Mar 2017
University of Arizona Yavapai County Cooperative Extension Yavapai Gardens Master Gardener Newsletter February—March 2017 Crinums by Nora Graf Crinums are plants that don’t come up in conversations often. They are not a rare plant and I’m not saying they are the next big thing, but we just don’t grow them in Arizona much. They can grow well in the Phoenix area, but are a bit touchy about the cold weather. This makes them difficult for some areas in the County but not impossible. I happen to have a massive cluster of them in my Camp Verde yard that have been growing for years. The genus Crinum consists of about 130 species, mostly occurring in Africa and Asia. They grow in zones 7 to 10. Most prefer hot and humid climates. Alkalinity doesn’t seem to bother them and they can survive on moderate amounts of water. Some are very drought tolerant. In their native habitat they are often found in areas of extremes where they can be flooded part of the year and dry another part. Crinums can also withstand the summer sun. In most articles, full sun is recommended, but these articles are written for the southeastern US and not the southwest desert. Mine grow on the east side of the house and get plenty of afternoon shade. Table of Contents Sun is essential to blooming but around here they don’t need it all day. If you are looking for a dramatic tropical plant, crinums Crinums . 1 might fit your needs. They have strap-shaped leaves and form Host Plant - Southwest Senna . -
Ornamental Bulbs for Miami-Dade
A WORD OR TWO ABOUT GARDENING Ornamental Bulbs for Miami-Dade The present article is the first of a series on bulbs for M iami-Dade landscapes. There is a loose connection to three preceding articles on drought tolerant plants to the extent that bulbs are a means of surviving adverse conditions (drought as well as temperature extremes). Bulb is often used as a catch-all name to describe true bulbs as well as all underground food/water storage organs including corms, tubers and rhizomes. Some authors classify all such plants as geophytes, while others restrict the term to those growing in a basically arid environment and survive by developing below ground swollen stems/tubers. For the most part true bulbs and corms are restricted to three families of petaloid monocotyledonous plants: Amarylidaceae, Iridacea and Liliaceae. A true bulb comprises a basal plate, a short compressed stem from which roots and which also possesses embryonic shoot or flower tissue. These latter are enclosed in a succession of fleshy scales. Each scale is either a highly modified leaf or swollen leaf base and contains food reserves to support the growth of above ground plant parts (leaves, stems and flowers). Bulbs can be either tunicate, or non-tunicate (scaly). The former are covered with an outer papery coat (tunic) to help prevent loss of moisture, with the scales tightly appressed making them difficult to separate (e.g., onions or daffodils). Scaly bulbs have exposed scales (e.g., true lilies, Lilium sp.), which detach easily (necessitating careful handling), and dry out more readily.