Villa Sokrates 1 2 Ɋɷɞɚɤɬɚɪ Ɋⱥʉɋⱥɍ Əɇɉȼȱɑ
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VILLA SOKRATES 1 2 Ɋɷɞɚɤɬɚɪ ɋȺɄɊȺɌ əɇɈȼȱɑ KRYNKI 2002 3 ȼɵɞɚɜɟɰɤɚɟɚɮɚɪɦɥɟɧɶɧɟ ɘɊɄȺ ɏɆəɅȿȸɋɄȱ Ƚɪɚɮɿɱɧɵ ɤɚɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬ Ɇɚɪɵɹ ɒɷɞɷɪɛɟɪɝ Editor STOWARZYSZENIE VILLA SOKRATES 16-120 KRYNKI POLAND Phone (0-xxxx–85) 7228144 E-mail [email protected] Ⱦɪɭɤ 2))6(735,17 %,$à<672. © Copyright by Villa Sokrates 4 ISSN 1640-3320 ɁɖɆȿɋɌ – CONTENS Herald Asviatsinski: Instead of manifesto ............................................................................................................................................................. 7 Ryszard Radzik: Between Russia and Poland: national and cultural evolution of the Belarusian society in last two centuries ....................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Dmitri Plax: Anteckningar om Svensk-Vitryska kulturella kontakter i början av det XXI seklet ........................................................................................................................................................... 33 Lavon Barãþeuski: Skandinavische literaturwerke in den Belarussischen übersetzungen und nachdichtungen (1986-2001) ....................................................................................................... 45 ɌɨɦɚɫɌɪɚɧɫɬɪɨɦɟɪ Tomas Tranströmer): ȼɟɪɲɵ ɩɟɪɚɤɥɚʆ Ʌɹɜɨɧ Ȼɚɪɲɱɷʆɫɤɿ ........ 55 Ⱥʆɝɭɫɬɋɬɪɵɧɞɛɷɪɝ August Strindberg): Ⱦɠɭɛɚɥ Ȼɹɡɜɨɥɶɧɵ ɩɟɪɚɤɥɚʆ ȼɚɥɟɪɵ Ȼɭɣɜɚɥ .......................... 63 ɘɯɚɧȻɨɪɝɷɧ Johan Borgen): ɇɭɦɷɪɦɚɧɵɩɟɪɚɤɥɚʆ Ʌɹɜɨɧ Ȼɚɪɲɱɷʆɫɤɿ ........................................................................................................................................... 71 Andrej Kotliarczuk: The image of Swedes in the Belarusian th th literature (16 -19 centuries) .................................................................................................................. 79 Ales Chobat: The Russian stereotype in the eye of a Belarusian: (in life and literature), trans. Alena Tabolich ..................................................................... 93 Iu. Labyncev, L. Shcavinskaia: La littérature biélorusse de la Pologne a Moscou moderne ........................................................................................................ 105 Ferdinand Neureiter: Mein weg nach Belarus .............................................................................................................................. 115 ɆɚɤɫɿɦȻɚɝɞɚɧɨɜɿɱ: 1DFKW HWF ɇɨɱ ɿ ɿɧɲ übersetzung Ferdinand Neureiter ............................................................................................ 118 əɧɤɚɄɭɩɚɥɚ: Die verwunschene Blüte HWF Ɂɚɤɥɹɬɚɹɤɜɟɬɤɚ ɿ ɿɧɲ übersetzung Ferdinand Neureiter ........................................................................................................................ 123 əɤɭɛɄɨɥɚɫ: Den Weißrussen HWF Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɚɦ ɿ ɿɧɲ übersetzung Ferdinand Neureiter .............................................................................................................................. 126 ɉɹɬɪɭɫɶȻɪɨʆɤɚ: %LUNH%LUNH Ȼɹɪɨɡɚɛɹɪɨɡɚ übersetzung Ferdinand Neureiter ....................................................................................................... 129 ɆɚɤɫɿɦɌɚɧɤ: 'LH %HJHJQXQJ HWF ɋɩɚɬɤɚɧɧɟ ɿ ɿɧɲ übersetzung Ferdinand Neureiter ........................................................................................................................ 131 Alena Tabolich: Translations of Belarusian poetry into English (linguistic analysis) ............................................................................................................................................................................ 137 Iu. Labyncev: La littérature biélorusse de PODLASHIE: les sources ........... 145 L. Shcavinskaia: La culture littéraire des biélorusses de la terre de BELSK XVIII centenaire .................................................................................................................................. 153 Ʉɚɬɪɵȼɚɥɚ Katri Vala): ɇɚɤɰɸɪɧ ɿ ɿɧɲɩɟɪɚɤɥɚʆ əɤɭɛ Ʌɚɩɚɬɤɚ ................. 163 Ɋɚɣɧɷɪ ɆɚɪɵɹɊɵɥɶɤɟ Rainer Maria Rilke): Ʉɧɿɝɚ ɝɚɞɡɿɧɩɟɪɚɤɥɚʆ ȼɚɫɿɥɶ ɋɺɦɭɯɚ ........................................... 171 5 Ⱦɠɚɜɚɧɿȼɷɪɝɚ Giovanni Verga): ȼɹɫɧɚɩɟɪɚɤɥɚʆ ȼɚɥɟɪɵ Ȼɭɣɜɚɥ ....................... 183 Rainer Strobelt: der mann... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 203 ɘɯɚɧ ɅɸɞɜɿɝɊɭɧɟɛɟɪɝ Johan Ludvig Runeberg): Ʌɟɛɟɞɡɶɩɟɪɚɤɥɚɥɚ Ʌɸɞɦɿɥɚ Ʉɚɩɚɱɷɧɹ ........................ 209 ɄɚɪɥȺɥɦɤɜɿɫɬ Carl Almqvist): Ɍɵ ɧɟ ɫɚɦɨɬɧɵɩɟɪɚɤɥɚʆ ɁɦɿɰɟɪɁɚɧɟʆɫɤɿ ....................................................................................................... 210 ȼɿɤɬɚɪɊɵɞɛɟɪɝ Victor Rydberg): Ɍɜɨɣ ɫɦɭɬɚɤ± ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɬɜɨɣɩɟɪɚɤɥɚʆ ɁɦɿɰɟɪɁɚɧɟʆɫɤɿ .............................................................................................. 211 Ⱥɧȿɞɷɪɥɸɧɞ Ann Jaderlund): Ɇɿɧɿɹɬɭɪɚɩɟɪɚɤɥɚɥɚ Ⱥɥɟɧɚ Ʉɪɵɠɚɧɨʆɫɤɚɹ ............................................................................ 210 Arnold McMillin: ...At 60 answering questions from Sakrat Janoviþ ................... 213 Sviatlana Hrymuta: At the drafty crossroads of the century ............................................................ 219 Eugeniusz Kabatc: Il tempio, ovvero il triplice paesaggio del territorio di confine ........................................................................................................................................... 223 Michael Fleming: Substantiating the new minority rights regime in Poland: political and the importance of deliberation .................................................................................................................................... 229 Sokrat Janowicz: From editor’s reading ......................................................................................................................................................... 247 6 Herald Asviatsinski (ȽɷɪɚɥɶɞȺɫɶɜɹɰɿɧɫɤɿ) INSTEAD OF MANIFESTO any public figures, scientists, writers and artists of the world con- sider that in the 21st century one of the most important problems M will be national and racial, especially in multinational countries. First of all, it concerns Russia, the USA andother big countries. And this may cause the most acute and undesirable consequences. It isnot accidental that at thevery start of the21st century the UN (UNESCO) declared about the dialogue of civilizations. Koffi Anan, the UN Secretary General, is sure that „the variety of ethnic groups and nations is the common possession, people are united by their common fate”. The Academician S. Kapitsa in his program „Obvious and Fabulous” (1999) made a statement that „…the 21st century will be a periodof national culture and languages developing”. Aliaksei Salamonau, PhD (Minsk), says „… Hu- man communities ought to continuously self-improve in their friendly compe- tition… The God’s predestination of every ethnos is to preserve and develop itself respecting the rights of other ethnic groups”. All this means that the majority of world-famous public figures, scien tists and writers think we must preserve centuries-old national communities together with their mother-tongues, life-style peculiarities, their adaptability to nature. We must support anddevelop their positive achievements in social life, na- tional clothing, etc. Undoubtedly, art is a particular sphere of culture.As far as we know, much is being done in this aspect by some West-European countries, for instance, by France. 7 HeraldAsviatsinski Why is the problem so topical? First of all, we ought to constantly encour- age progress, which is possible in case the whole mankind’s culture develops properly.And culture advances, only if each ethnic group preserves its peculi- arities and shares its national achievements with others. The Belarusian poet Mikola Husouski, the author of the poem written in Latin, „A Songto the Bison” said: „The state is based rather on the courage of spirit than on the physical strength, Greeks and Romans are good evidence of that. They were the strongest at the period of Renaissance.” But we confront great problems andhardships. At present we notice a gradual decrease in interest to scientific research in physics, mat hematics and other exact sciences, with an exception in some natural sciences – biology and bio- engineering. For instance, the Nobel Prize winner of 1991 Pierre Gillet de Gennet, a Frenchman, is sure that „…there is a quick decline in interest to sciences”. He also states that „…the theory of life emergence on the Earth inthe prime- val „super ocean” is not convincing”. By the way, most anthropologists consider that the theory of man’s apish origin is fully neglected. And even the idea of Neanderthal men is doubt ful, because these species were „dead-end” in their intellect develo pment. The human being, who is able to think andanalyze, originates from - - -, and this statement seems to be interesting and perspective. I would like to em- phasize that the interest in research, which is nowin decline, can be supported only by the improvement of the world culture. Some principles or laws of the national development can be formulated briefly in the following way: 1. To realize the possible laws of national development we can begin with the works of the 20th-century Russian geneticist Nikolai Vavilov, whose tragic life confirms the importance of his ideas anddiscoveries. In his opinion, nature