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Medieval History(A.D 750-A.D1707) Medieval History(A.D 750-A.D1707) • Early Medieval History (A.D750-A.D1206 ) • Delhi Sultanate (A.D 1206 –A.D1526) • Mughal History (A.D 1526-A.D 1707) Great Mughals • Gap of 15 yrs (A.D 1540-A.D1555) • Later Mughals (A.D1707-A.D1858) www.classmateacademy.com 125 The years AD 750-AD 1206 • Origin if Indian feudalism • Economic origin beginning with land grants first by satavahana • Political origin it begins in Gupta period ,Samudragupta started it (samantha system) • AD750-AD950 peak of feudalism ,it continues under sultanate but its nature changes they allowed fuedalism to coexist. www.classmateacademy.com 126 North India (A.D750 –A.D950) Period of Triangular Conflict –Pala,Prathihara,Rashtrakutas Gurjara Prathiharas-West Pala –Pataliputra • Naga Bhatta -1 ,defends wetern border • Started by Gopala • Mihira bhoja (Most powerful) • Dharmapala –most powerful,Patron of Buddhism • Capital -Kannauj Est.Vikramshila university Senas • Vijayasena founder • • Last ruler –Laxmana sena Rashtrakutas defeated by • Dantidurga-founder, • Bhakthiyar Khalji(A.D1206) defeated Badami Chalukyas (Dasavatara Cave) • Krishna-1 Vesara School of architecture • Amoghvarsha Rajputs and Kayasthas the new castes of Medival India New capital-Manyaketa Patron-Jainism &Kannada Famous works-Kavirajamarga,Ratnamalika • Krishna-3 last powerful ruler www.classmateacademy.com 127 www.classmateacademy.com 128 www.classmateacademy.com 129 www.classmateacademy.com 130 www.classmateacademy.com 131 Period of mutlicornered conflict-the 4 Agni Kulas(AD950-AD1206) Chauhans-Ajayameru(Ajmer) Solankis Pawars Ghadwala of Kannauj • Prithviraj chauhan-3 Patronn of Jainsim Bhoja Deva -23 classical Jayachandra (last) • PrthvirajRasok-ChandBardai Dilwara temples of Mt.Abu works in sanskrit • Battle of Tarain-1 Nagara school • Battle of tarain-2(1192) Chandellas of bundelKhand Tomars of Delhi Kajuraho AnangaPal _Dillika www.classmateacademy.com 132 Meanwhile in South India... South India, especially Tamil region had a parallel history. It had 4 main dynasties - Chola, Chera, Pandya and Pallavas (probably from north). www.classmateacademy.com 133 History of Peninsular India (750-1206) • Satavahanas –First local Dynasty • Sangam Age-Sangam Literature,Sangam Dynasties • Cholas,Pandyas,Cheras (N.T.N)(S.T.N) (Kerala) Harsha,Badami Chalukyas,Pallavas -Contemporary Other Chola Acheivments Imperial Cholas (AD900-AD1250) • Nataraja Bronze statue ,Tanjavur Cheras and Pandyan are feudatories Painting, • Vijayala Chola Founder • Tamil literature • Aditya Chola defeats Pallava ruler • Local self government ,perfected • Raja Raja chola(A.D985-A.D1014) (Uttaramerur Inscription) Brihadeshwara Temple-Shiva temple Tallest temple Pinnacle of Dravida School Of Architecture • Rajendra-1 Invasion to Gangetic valley-gangaikondacholapuram Naval Expeition to Srivijaya (Indonesia)www.classmateacademy.com 134 www.classmateacademy.com 135 www.classmateacademy.com 136 Raja Raja Chola and his son Rajendra build a massive empire. Unlike most other Indian empires, they were strong seafarers. Circa 1000 AD. www.classmateacademy.com 137 www.classmateacademy.com 138 www.classmateacademy.com 139 Post Chola Dynasties • Yadavas of Devagiri • Kakatiyas of Warangal Rudradeva –buit thousand pillar temple Ganapatideva –new capital Warangal Rudramadevi-Greatest rulers • Chalukyas of Vengi • Hoyasala of Dwarasumdras Ballala-1 Ballala-2 Temples of Halebid and belur Malik Kafur in his deccan campaign ends these empires www.classmateacademy.com 140 www.classmateacademy.com 141 www.classmateacademy.com 142 www.classmateacademy.com 143 1192 AD: Second Battle of Tarain. An inspired Prithiviraj could not contain a relentless Ghori. Islam enters India after the second battle. www.classmateacademy.com 144 In 1193 Nalanda University was destroyed by an invading Afghan ruler. Hindu empires simultaneously collapse all over India due to independent reasons. www.classmateacademy.com 145 Hindu-Islamic Era. (1200 - 1800 AD) www.classmateacademy.com 146 India after the Second battle of Tarain. www.classmateacademy.com 147 www.classmateacademy.com 148 Delhi Sultanates (1200 - 1526 AD) 5 dynasties: Mamluk, Khilji, Tuqlaq, Sayyid, Lodhi www.classmateacademy.com 149 www.classmateacademy.com 150 www.classmateacademy.com 151 www.classmateacademy.com 152 www.classmateacademy.com 153 Advent of Muslims in India • Arabs Conquered Sind –A.D712,A.D1001-A.D1026-25 yrs-17 times raided,Mohamud of Ghazini • Battle of Tarain-1Battle of Tarain-2,Prithvi Raj chauhan • Battle of Chandwar ,Raja Jaya Chander Delhi Sultanate (A.D1206-A.D1526) 5 Dyanasties-Slaves,Khalji,Tuglqas(Turkish),Sayyids,lodhis(Afghan) Slave Dyansty(Mamuluk-Slave in arabic)(A.D1206-A.D1290) • Qutubuddin Aibak(1206-10) LakBaksh Died playing Polo • Iiltutmish(1211-36) son-in-law of qutubuddin sought investiture from caliph Danger of Genghis Khan real founder,started Iqta system(Two types of land iqtadars and khalisa ) Tanka(silver coin),Jeetal(copper coin) Chalisa-Nobles become powerful, loyal to him (challenge from Delhi Amirs) www.classmateacademy.com 154 • Razia(1236-40) The only women to sit on throne of delhi • Baharam Shah(1240-66) • Balban(1266-86) No legitimacy needed ulema (Slave who rose up in the ranks) Uluk Khan,most powerful among slave dynasty Introduced-Sijada(Prostration),Paibos(kissing feet) Nauroj –Festival introduced by him Diwani-i-Airz military Dept www.classmateacademy.com 155 www.classmateacademy.com 156 1221: Genghiz Khan retreats back from the Indus river. Alaudin Khilji of Delhi was strong and Khan didn’t want to take a chance. www.classmateacademy.com 157 Khalji Dynasty(1290-1320) • Jalaluddin Khalji(1290-96) • Allauddin Khalji(1296-1316) • Military reforms Dagh-branding of horse, chahra-Descriptive roll of soldiers Regular muster of army(cash payment ) • Economic reforms Establishment of separate market for foodgrains,cloth,horses(fixing of prices ) Increase of land revenue by 50%,elimination of middle man • Chari(pasture tax),Khari(house tax),Jiziya,Kharaj(on land ) Diwani-i-Mustakharaj-a separate Department to enquire in to revenue arrears • Conquests • Malik Khafur rajput states Devagiri,Warangal • Protected India from Foreign Invaders • Alli-Darwaza (Gate way to qutub Minar) • Nasiruddin Khusrau first hindu convert to sit on throne www.classmateacademy.com 158 www.classmateacademy.com 159 www.classmateacademy.com 160 Tughluqs(1320-1414) Firuz Tugluq (1351-88) • Founder -Ghiyasuddin Tughluq • Establishment of Diwan-i- Khairat(department for poor and • Muhammad-bin-tughluq(1325-1351) needy people) and Diwan-i- ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS: Bundagan(department of slaves). • TAXATION IN THE DOAB.(1326A.D) • Making Iqtadari system hereditary. More taxes on non-muslims (up to half and 10-20 • Construction of canals for irrigation times more than the muslims population) from • TRANSFER OF CAPITAL.(1327A.D) Yamuna to the city of Hissar forcing people to move out ,abandoning it for lack From the Sutlej to the Ghaggar water From the Ghaggar to Firuzabad • INRODUCTION OF TOKEN CURRENCY .(1329A.D) From Mandvi and Sirmour Hills to counterfeit coins by people due to high taxes Hansi in Haryana. Diwan-i-Kohli( Dept of Agriculture) • Establishment of four new towns, Decline of empire 1336-vijayanagara Firuzabad, Fatebabad, Jaunpur and Bahamani-1347 Hissar. • Imposition of Jaziya on the Brahmans for the first time • Establishment in Delhi a hospital described variously as Darul-Shifa, Bimaristan or Shifa Khan www.classmateacademy.com 161 Timurs Invasion of India 1398 weakening if Sultanate Sayyidis (1414-51) Sayyind Khizir Khan by Timur Lodis(1451-1526) Bahlul Lodi-Founder Sikander Lodi Exapanded kingdom ,shifted capital to Agra from Delhi Ibrahim Lodi Battle of Panipat (invitation by Daulat Khan lodi) www.classmateacademy.com 162 www.classmateacademy.com 163 www.classmateacademy.com 164 Literature • Al-Beruni Kitab fi Tahqiq About Indian Sciences • Firdausi Shah Namah Mahmud Ghazani’s reign • Amir Khusrau Khazain-ul-Futuh 15 years of Allaudin rule (Tarik-i-Alahi) Ashika Khyis Khan love for gujarati Devarani Miftah-ul-futuh Khilji and his campaign • Amir Khusrau Tughluq Namah Rise of Ghiyasuddin • Ibn Battutah Kitab-ul-Rahla A Travelogue • Kalhana Rajatarangini History of Kashmir www.classmateacademy.com 165 Islamic Architecture • TOMBS • FORTS • MOSQUE Features of Islamic Architecture • Arch and Dome Method • Mortar • Arbesque (Quran+Floral designs) Previously trabeate style. www.classmateacademy.com 166 Qutubuddin-aibak Adhai-din-ka-jhopda,Kuwwat- ul –Islam Mosque,Qutub Minar Iltutmish Tomb of Sultanigarhi (first tomb) Balban Tomb of balban first true arch Alauddin Jammat-i-khana mosque (first true islamic monument),Alli darwaza Ghiasuddin tuglaq Tuglakabad Mohammad-bin-tuglaq Jahapanah,Daulatabad Feroz shah tuqlaq Feroz shah kotla Ferozabad(Ashokan pillar) Jaunpur(memory of Mohammad-bin-tuglaq) Repaired qutub minar Lodis Double domes ,Char bagh www.classmateacademy.com 167 www.classmateacademy.com 168 www.classmateacademy.com 169 www.classmateacademy.com 170 www.classmateacademy.com 171 www.classmateacademy.com 172 1336: Rise of Vijayanagara Empire www.classmateacademy.com 173 www.classmateacademy.com 174 www.classmateacademy.com 175 Provincial Kingdoms-Vijaya Nagara ,Bahamani Literature-Ashta Diggajas Vijaya Nagara (1336-1650)(Robert Stevel –forgotten empire) • Allasani peddana- Manucharitam 4 Dyansties • Sangama • Tenali Ramakrishna- Hariha &Bukka Panduranga Mahatyam • Saluva • Krishandevara-Amuktamalyada • Tuluva Foreign Visitors Krishna Devara ya • Ibn Battuta-Harihara
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