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Medieval History
CONTENTS MEDIEVAL HISTORY 1. MAJOR DYNASTIES (EARLY ....... 01-22 2. EARLY MUSLIM INVASIONS ........23-26 MEDIEVAL INDIA 750-1200 AD) 2.1 Early Muslim Invasions ..................24 1.1 Major Dynasties of North ...............02 The Arab Conquest of Sindh ............... 24 India (750-1200 Ad) Mahmud of Ghazni ............................ 24 Introduction .......................................2 Muhammad Ghori ............................. 25 The Tripartite Struggle ........................2 th th The Pratiharas (8 to 10 Century) ........3 3. THE DELHI SULTANATE ................27-52 th th The Palas (8 to 11 Century) ...............4 (1206-1526 AD) The Rashtrakutas (9th to 10th Century) ....5 The Senas (11th to 12th Century) ............5 3.1 The Delhi Sultanate ......................28 The Rajaputa’s Origin ..........................6 Introduction ..................................... 28 Chandellas ........................................6 Slave/Mamluk Dynasty (Ilbari ............ 28 Chahamanas ......................................7 Turks)(1206-1526 AD) Gahadvalas ........................................8 The Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320 AD) ..... 32 Indian Feudalism ................................9 The Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414 AD) .. 34 Administration in Northern India ........ 09 The Sayyid Dynasty ........................... 38 between 8th to 12th Century Lodi Dynasty .................................... 38 Nature of Society .............................. 11 Challenges Faced by the Sultanate ...... 39 Rise -
Qutb Minar: Religion and Power in 13Th-Century India Professor Munis Faruqui (Department of South and Southeast Asian Studies, UC Berkeley)
The Making of a Modern Myth Qutb Minar: Religion and Power in 13th-Century India Professor Munis Faruqui (Department of South and Southeast Asian Studies, UC Berkeley) I. Introduction India is the world’s largest democracy, and has the world’s second largest population of Muslims. Over the last few decades, deep religious divisions have appeared between the Hindu majority and the Muslim minority, who comprise 12–15 percent of the population. Extremists in either community have stoked violent religious conflict in ways that will be discussed shortly. Most of the violence in recent history has occurred in the form of pogroms. Most of the victims are Muslims. There are at least two critical threads that link contemporary anti-Muslim violence: first, a rising tide of Hindu nationalism. Second, much of the violence has been continuously stoked by rhetoricians’ use of an exaggerated and distorted history of endless conflict between these two groups—especially during the period when Muslim political authorities dominated northern India (c. 1200–1750). According to Hindu nationalists, the experience under the Muslims was oppressive, the Muslim rulers tyrannical, Hindu temples were destroyed, and so on. So the current anti- Muslim pogroms are payback, as the more extreme elements among the Hindu nationalists openly assert: attacking Muslims today is thus justified for what happened 500, 600, or 700 years ago. Like many groups elsewhere in the world, Hindu nationalists invoke history. Irish Republicanism invokes battles that happened in 1690 and so on. Groups in the Balkans are another example: Serbs, Croats, and Bosniacs have their own histories, and the 1389 battle of Kosovo becomes a central rallying cry for Serbian nationalism. -
THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY in CAIRO School of Humanities And
1 THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO School of Humanities and Social Sciences Department of Arab and Islamic Civilizations Islamic Art and Architecture A thesis on the subject of Revival of Mamluk Architecture in the 19th & 20th centuries by Laila Kamal Marei under the supervision of Dr. Bernard O’Kane 2 Dedications and Acknowledgments I would like to dedicate this thesis for my late father; I hope I am making you proud. I am sure you would have enjoyed this field of study as much as I do. I would also like to dedicate this for my mother, whose endless support allowed me to pursue a field of study that I love. Thank you for listening to my complains and proofreads from day one. Thank you for your patience, understanding and endless love. I am forever, indebted to you. I would like to thank my family and friends whose interest in the field and questions pushed me to find out more. Aziz, my brother, thank you for your questions and criticism, they only pushed me to be better at something I love to do. Zeina, we will explore this world of architecture together some day, thank you for listening and asking questions that only pushed me forward I love you. Alya’a and the Friday morning tours, best mornings of my adult life. Iman, thank you for listening to me ranting and complaining when I thought I’d never finish, thank you for pushing me. Salma, with me every step of the way, thank you for encouraging me always. Adham abu-elenin, thank you for your time and photography. -
B. A. Semester First
B. A. Semester First. Subject- History, History of India from Earliest Time to 1200 A. D. Unit I- History- its Concept, nature, scope and significance. Survey of sources. Indian Pre historic age. Unit II- saraswati / Sindhu Civilization (Harapan Civilizatoin)- origin, extent & decline. saraswati / Sindhu Civilization- Social, Economic & Cultural life, Vadic Culture- Society Polity, economy, culture and religion. Unit III- Sixteen Mahajanpads , Rise of new religious movement in North India. Buddhism and Jainism – its principles, rise and fall: The Mauryan Empire- Administration and economy , Ashoka’s “Dhamma” Mauryan art and Architecture. Unit IV- Gupta Empire- Political, social, economic and cultural life. Harsha Verdhan and his times. Important dynasties of the north. Social Economic and Cultural conditions during Gurjar Pritihar, Kalchuries , Chandelas and Permaras age. Unit V- Important dynasties of south; Rastakutas, cholas, Pallavas and chalukyas- socio- economic and cultural life. Sangam Age India’s relations with South East Asian countries, Arab invasion- Mohmmd bin Qasim:- Mahmud Gazanavi and Mohammd Ghori-Its impact. ----------------------------------------------oo------------------------------------------------- B. A. Semester Second. Subject- History, Western World (Mid 15th Century to 1870) Unit -1 The Beginning of Modern Era- Renaissance, Decline of Feudalism. Reformation and Counter Reformation .- Rise of the Absolute State – Spain, France and Britain. Unit-2 Economic Revolution of the Modern West- Mercantilism and commercial Revolution. Beginning of Colonialism. Industrial Revolution and Emergence of New Social Class. Unit-3 Glorious Revolution of 1688 A.D., American Revolution .(1776 A.D.)- Nature, Causes and Impact. French Revolution (1789), Nature, Causes and Results. Unit-4 Age of Napoleon Bonaparte- Rise and Fall , Vienna Congress(1815), Age of Metternich, Concert of Europe, Eastern Question up to Crimean war. -
Ethnographic Series, Sidhi, Part IV-B, No-1, Vol-V
CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 VOLUMEV, PART IV-B, No.1 ETHNOGRAPHIC SERIES GUJARAT Preliminary R. M. V ANKANI, investigation Tabulation Officer, and draft: Office of the CensuS Superintendent, Gujarat. SID I Supplementary V. A. DHAGIA, A NEGROID L IBE investigation: Tabulation Officer, Office of the Census Superintendent, OF GU ARAT Gujarat. M. L. SAH, Jr. Investigator, Office of the Registrar General, India. Fieta guidance, N. G. NAG, supervision and Research Officer, revised draft: Office of the Registrar General, India. Editors: R. K. TRIVEDI, Su perintendent of Census Operations, Gujarat. B. K. Roy BURMAN, Officer on Special Duty, (Handicrafts and Social Studies), Office of the Registrar General, India. K. F. PATEL, R. K. TRIVEDI Deputy Superintendent of Census Superintendent of Census Operations, Gujarat. Operations, Gujarat N. G. NAG, Research Officer, Office' of the Registrar General, India. CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS CENTRAL GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS Census of India, 1961 Volume V-Gujarat is being published in the following parts: '" I-A(i) General Report '" I-A(ii)a " '" I-A(ii)b " '" I-A(iii) General Report-Economic Trends and Projections :« I-B Report on Vital Statistics and Fertility Survey :I' I-C Subsidiary Tables '" II-A General Population Tables '" II-B(I) General Economic Tables (Tables B-1 to B-IV-C) '" II-B(2) General Economic Tables (Tables B-V to B-IX) '" II-C Cultural and Migration Tables :t< III Household Economic Tables (Tables B-X to B-XVII) "'IV-A Report on Housing and Establishments :t<IV-B Housing and Establishment -
Islamic Civilisation in the Mediterranean Nicosia, I-4 December 2010
IRCICA RESEARCH CENTRE FOR ISLAM lC HISTORY, ART AND CULTURE Proceedings of the International Conference on Islamic Civilisation in the Mediterranean Nicosia, ı-4 December 2010 Akdeniz'de İslam Medeniyeti Milletlerarası Konferans Tebliğleri Lefkoşa, ı -4 Aralık 20 ı o Türkiye Dlyanet Vakfı .. \ . Islam Araştımıaları Met'k.ezi Kü'rtlphanesi Tas. No: İstanbul2013 The Blazon Western lnfluences on Mamluk Art after the Crusades Sumiyo Okumura* In Mamluk art, w e often see rounded or oval shaped ran k/ runuk (emblems, blazons or coats-of-arms), which are decorated with differentkinds ofheraldic symbols. They were use d by Mamluk amirs to identify the passessors and their status in the structure of Mamluk government. Although many important studies have been conducted on this subject, 1 histarical documents do not give much information ab out the origin of Mamluk emblems. There existed many kinds of emblems that indicated occupations including saqi (cup bearer) with the cup (Fig. 1); dawadar (inkwell holder the secretary or officer) with the pen box (Fig. 2); and djamdar (master of the robe keeper of clothes) with the shape of napkin, barfcP (postman, courier) with straight lines, jukandaf3 (çevgandar = holder of polo stick) with a hall and polo stick, and silahdar (swoi:d bearer) was symbolized with the sword (Fig. 3). The Ayyubid Sultan, Melikü's-Salih Najim al-Din Ayyub (r. 1240-1249) bestawed the emblem of a smail dining table, called Honca 1 Han çe, 4 on an amir who was appointed to the position of jashnkir. Jashnkir was the taster of the Sultan's food and drink. -
Theocracy Metin M. Coşgel Thomas J. Miceli
Theocracy Metin M. Coşgel University of Connecticut Thomas J. Miceli University of Connecticut Working Paper 2013-29 November 2013 365 Fairfield Way, Unit 1063 Storrs, CT 06269-1063 Phone: (860) 486-3022 Fax: (860) 486-4463 http://www.econ.uconn.edu/ This working paper is indexed on RePEc, http://repec.org THEOCRACY by Metin Coşgel* and Thomas J. Miceli** Abstract: Throughout history, religious and political authorities have had a mysterious attraction to each other. Rulers have established state religions and adopted laws with religious origins, sometimes even claiming to have divine powers. We propose a political economy approach to theocracy, centered on the legitimizing relationship between religious and political authorities. Making standard assumptions about the motivations of these authorities, we identify the factors favoring the emergence of theocracy, such as the organization of the religion market, monotheism vs. polytheism, and strength of the ruler. We use two sets of data to test the implications of the model. We first use a unique data set that includes information on over three hundred polities that have been observed throughout history. We also use recently available cross-country data on the relationship between religious and political authorities to examine these issues in current societies. The results provide strong empirical support for our arguments about why in some states religious and political authorities have maintained independence, while in others they have integrated into a single entity. JEL codes: H10, -
Encyclopaedism in the Mamluk Period: the Composition of Shihāb Al-Dīn Al-Nuwayrī’S (D
Encyclopaedism in the Mamluk Period: The Composition of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Nuwayrī’s (D. 1333) Nihāyat al-Arab fī Funūn al-Adab The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Muhanna, Elias Ibrahim. 2012. Encyclopaedism in the Mamluk Period: The Composition of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Nuwayrī’s (D. 1333) Nihāyat al-Arab fī Funūn al-Adab. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:9366551 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA © 2012 Elias Muhanna All rights reserved. Advisor: Professor Wolfhart P. Heinrichs Elias Muhanna Encyclopaedism in the Mamluk Period: The Composition of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Nuwayrī’s (d. 1333) Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab Abstract This dissertation explores the emergence of a golden age of Arabic encyclopaedic literature in the scholarly centers of Egypt and Syria during the Mamluk Empire (1250-1517). At the heart of the project is a study of Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Nuwayrī’s (d. 1333) Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab (‘The Ultimate Ambition in the Branches of Erudition’), a 31-volume encyclopaedic work composed at the beginning of the 14th century and divided into five parts: (i) heaven and earth; (ii) the human being; (iii) animals; (iv) plants; and (v) the history of the world. -
Medieval History(A.D 750-A.D1707)
Medieval History(A.D 750-A.D1707) • Early Medieval History (A.D750-A.D1206 ) • Delhi Sultanate (A.D 1206 –A.D1526) • Mughal History (A.D 1526-A.D 1707) Great Mughals • Gap of 15 yrs (A.D 1540-A.D1555) • Later Mughals (A.D1707-A.D1858) www.classmateacademy.com 125 The years AD 750-AD 1206 • Origin if Indian feudalism • Economic origin beginning with land grants first by satavahana • Political origin it begins in Gupta period ,Samudragupta started it (samantha system) • AD750-AD950 peak of feudalism ,it continues under sultanate but its nature changes they allowed fuedalism to coexist. www.classmateacademy.com 126 North India (A.D750 –A.D950) Period of Triangular Conflict –Pala,Prathihara,Rashtrakutas Gurjara Prathiharas-West Pala –Pataliputra • Naga Bhatta -1 ,defends wetern border • Started by Gopala • Mihira bhoja (Most powerful) • Dharmapala –most powerful,Patron of Buddhism • Capital -Kannauj Est.Vikramshila university Senas • Vijayasena founder • • Last ruler –Laxmana sena Rashtrakutas defeated by • Dantidurga-founder, • Bhakthiyar Khalji(A.D1206) defeated Badami Chalukyas (Dasavatara Cave) • Krishna-1 Vesara School of architecture • Amoghvarsha Rajputs and Kayasthas the new castes of Medival India New capital-Manyaketa Patron-Jainism &Kannada Famous works-Kavirajamarga,Ratnamalika • Krishna-3 last powerful ruler www.classmateacademy.com 127 www.classmateacademy.com 128 www.classmateacademy.com 129 www.classmateacademy.com 130 www.classmateacademy.com 131 Period of mutlicornered conflict-the 4 Agni Kulas(AD950-AD1206) Chauhans-Ajayameru(Ajmer) Solankis Pawars Ghadwala of Kannauj • Prithviraj chauhan-3 Patronn of Jainsim Bhoja Deva -23 classical Jayachandra (last) • PrthvirajRasok-ChandBardai Dilwara temples of Mt.Abu works in sanskrit • Battle of Tarain-1 Nagara school • Battle of tarain-2(1192) Chandellas of bundelKhand Tomars of Delhi Kajuraho AnangaPal _Dillika www.classmateacademy.com 132 Meanwhile in South India.. -
The Last Hindu Emperor Prithviraj Chauhan and the Indian Past, 1200-2000 1St Edition Download Free
THE LAST HINDU EMPEROR PRITHVIRAJ CHAUHAN AND THE INDIAN PAST, 1200-2000 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Cynthia Talbot | 9781107544376 | | | | | The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Chauhan and the Indian Past, 1200-2000 All Languages. According to the 15th-century historian Jonaraja"naga" here refers to elephants. Govind Singh is currently reading it Jun 01, According to Tabaqat-i Nasirihe gathered a well-equipped army ofselect AfghanTajik and Turkic horsemen over the next few months. Over time, Prithviraj came to be portrayed as a patriotic Hindu warrior who fought against Muslim enemies. Both the texts state that he was particularly proficient in archery. Hardcoverpages. Manali marked it as to-read Sep 29, In response, Jagaddeva told Abhayada that he had concluded a treaty with Prithviraj with much difficulty. First published inthis selection was created to provide the general reader and university Singh believes that no such conclusion can be drawn from Minhaj's writings. The Mohils are a branch of the Chauhans the Chahamanasand it is possible the inscriptions refer to the battle described in Prithviraj Raso. The Provincial Geography of India series was created during the early part of the twentieth Singhpp. Nevertheless, the 19th century British officer James Tod repeatedly used this term to describe Prithviraj in 1200-2000 1st edition Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han. Prithviraj was not able to annex the Chandela territory to his kingdom. After his victory, Prithviraj sacked Mahoba. Anil Sinha added it Apr 24, Later, Paramardi's son recaptured Mahoba. Despite being overthrown, however, his name and story have evolved 1200- 2000 1st edition time 1200-2000 1st edition a historical symbol of India's martial valor. -
15 the Regions of Sind, Baluchistan, Multan
ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1 THE REGIONS OF SIND . 15 THE REGIONS OF SIND, BALUCHISTAN, MULTAN AND KASHMIR: THE HISTORICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SETTING* N. A. Baloch and A. Q. Rafiqi Contents THE RULERS OF SIND, BALUCHISTAN AND MULTAN (750–1500) ....... 298 The cAbbasid period and the Fatimid interlude (mid-eighth to the end of the tenth century) ...................................... 298 The Period of the Ghaznavid and Ghurid Sultanates (eleventh and twelfth centuries) . 301 The era of the local independent states ......................... 304 KASHMIR UNDER THE SULTANS OF THE SHAH¯ MIR¯ DYNASTY ....... 310 * See Map 4, 5 and 7, pp. 430–1, 432–3, 437. 297 ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1 The cAbbasid period Part One THE RULERS OF SIND, BALUCHISTAN AND MULTAN (750–1500) (N. A. Baloch) From 750 to 1500, three phases are discernible in the political history of these regions. During the first phase, from the mid-eighth until the end of the tenth century, Sind, Baluchis- tan and Multan – with the exception of the interlude of pro-Fatimid ascendency in Mul- tan during the last quarter of the tenth century – all remained politically linked with the cAbbasid caliphate of Baghdad. (Kashmir was ruled, from the eighth century onwards, by the local, independent, originally non-Muslim dynasties, which had increasing political contacts with the Muslim rulers of Sind and Khurasan.) During the second phase – the eleventh and twelfth centuries – all these regions came within the sphere of influence of the powers based in Ghazna and Ghur. During the third phase –from the thirteenth to the early sixteenth century – they partly became dominions of the Sultanate of Delhi, which was in itself an extension into the subcontinent of the Central Asian power base. -
Muslim Invasions on India in the Medieval Period and Its Impact
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ISSN NO : 2236-6124 Muslim Invasions on India in the Medieval Period and Its Impact S.M. Gulam Hussain, Lecturer in History Department of History, Osmania College (A), Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh ABSTRACT: Medieval period is an important period in the history of India because of the developments in the field of art and languages, culture and religion. In the early medieval age India was on the threshold of phenomenal changes in the domains of polity, economy, society and culture. The impact of these changes is visible even today influencing the growth of India as one nation. Early Medieval period witnessed wars among regional kingdoms from north and south India where as late medieval period saw the number of Muslim invasions by Mughals, Afghans and Turks. The impact of Islam on Indian culture has been inestimable. It permanently influenced the development of all areas of human endeavour- language, dress, cuisine, all the art forms, architecture and urban design, and social customs and values. This paper describes the Muslim invasions on India in the Medieval Period and its impact. Keywords: Medieval period, Culture, Religion, Muslim invasions, Inestimable 1. INTRODUCTION: Medieval period lasted from the 8th to the 18th century CE with early Medieval period from the 8th to the 13th century and the late medieval period from the 13th to the 18th century. Early Medieval period witnessed wars among regional kingdoms from north and south India where as late medieval period saw the number of Muslim invasions by Mughals, Afghans and Turks. In the early medieval age India was on the threshold of phenomenal changes in the domains of polity, economy, society and culture.