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The Bible in Poland
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 8 Issue 2 Article 6 5-1988 The Bible in Poland Unknown Authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Eastern European Studies Commons Recommended Citation Authors, Unknown (1988) "The Bible in Poland," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 8 : Iss. 2 , Article 6. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol8/iss2/6 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ," �; •: . THE BIBLE IN POLAND :;.I I. Catholic translations The oldest preserved Polish translation of the biblical text is the three- language Latin-Polish-German pastoral from the end of the 14th century , discovered in the Monastery of St. Florian near Linz in 1825. It is linked with the name of Blessed Hedwig, Queen of Poland. The pastoral, called the Florian pastoral after the name of the place of its discovery , contains 397 illuminated pages; purcha sed in 1931, it is now in the National Library in Warsaw. The Bible of Queen Zofia (wife of the Polish King Ladislaus Jagiello), completed in 1455, is probably the translation of the entire Scripture from the Vulgate. The preserved manuscript is the first volume of the work, since 1627 kept in the Library of the Hungarian Reformed College in Sarospatak in Hungary. -
„Golden Age”: Introduction Into the 1803–1832 Epochs
ARCHIWUM EMIGRACJI Studia – Szkice – Dokumenty http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/AE.2018-2019.008 Toruń, Rok 2018/2019, Zeszyt 1–2 (26–27) ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ UNIWERSYTET W WILNIE THE UNIVERSITY OF VILNIUS AND ITS „GOLDEN AGE”: INTRODUCTION INTO THE 1803–1832 EPOCHS Alfredas BUMBLAUSKAS (Vilnius University) ORCID: 0000-0002-3067-786X Loreta SKURVYDAITĖ (Vilnius University) ORCID: 0000-0002-4350-4482 1. WHAT IS THE UNIVERSITY OF VILNIUS? It is a paradoxically simple question. Though it will not seem so simple if we ask another question — what is Vilnius? Today it is the capital of the Republic of Lithuania, a member state of the European Union. However, at the beginning of the 19th century, the epoch of great importance to us, it was turned into a provincial town of the Russian Empire. Prior to that, for a long time, it was the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which existed in the 13th–18th century. In the 20th century, after the reestablishment of the Polish and Lithuanian states, it did not become the capital of Lithuania (the city of Kaunas became its provisional capital); Vilnius was incorporated into Poland and became a city of the Polish province. In 1939, on Stalin’s initiative, it was taken away from Poland and returned to Lithuania, at the same time annexing Lithuania to the Soviet Empire. All this has to be kept in mind if we want to understand the question what the University of Vilnius is. And what was it during the period between 1803 and 1832? 79 At first glance the answer seems simple — this is an institution founded by the Jesuits and Stephen Bathory in 1579. -
74 JANUSZ TAZBIR Encourage the King in 1462 to Conclude As Soon As Possible a Peace Treaty with the Teutonic Knights
Acta Poloniae Historica 91. 2005 PL ISSN 0 0 0 1 -6 8 2 9 Janusz Tazbir THE BULWARK MYTH The term “bulwark” is one of the notions which have played an important part in the development of Polish historical conscious ness. In the 16th and 17th centuries it suited the concrete reality connected with the geopolitical situation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Although in the subsequent centuries it was relegated to the category of myths, it did not lose its significance. On the contrary, the term “bulwark” made a dazzling career in the period when the state once given this nickname, for many years (1795-1918) disappeared from the political map of Europe. It would take many pages merely to enumerate the titles of Polish and foreign works that from the 15th century onwards have described Poland as a wall, fence, bulwark, shield or fortress of Christianity. However, for a long time the main term that was used was the Latin one, and the first attempts to polonize it were made relatively late. This also goes for the appearance of the word antemurale in the Polish version, przedmurze. Not until the translation of The Old Testament made by Jakub Wujek (1599), did the term appear, e.g.: “a wall and a bulwark (przedmurze) will be erected there” (Isaiah), “and the bulwark (przedmurze) and wall were ruined together” (Threnodies). All the data convince us that Poland started to be described as a bulwark in the middle of the 15th century. This was already after the death in 1444 of Ladislaus III, later called Ladislaus of Varna, at the moment when the Ottoman power disturbed the whole of Europe by advancing far into the Balkan Peninsula. -
POSITIVISM and LITHUANIAN PROSE (The Second Half of the 19Th Century)
VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY Giedrius Židonis POSITIVISM AND LITHUANIAN PROSE (The second half of the 19th Century) Summary of Doctoral Dissertation Humanities, Philology (04 H) Kaunas, 2009 This doctoral dissertation was prepared at the Vytautas Magnus University from 1999 to 2008. The dissertation will be defended according to the protocol for external doctorates. Academic Consultant: Prof. Dr. Irena Buckley (Vytautas Magnus University, Humanities, Philology – 04 H) The Dissertation will be defended before the Council of Philological Sciences of Vytautas Magnus University: Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Danguolė Mikulėnienė (Vytautas Magnus University, Humanities, Philology – 04 H) Members: Prof. Habil. Dr. Egidijus Aleksandravičius (Vytautas Magnus University, Humanities, History – 05 H) Doc. Dr. Dainora Abukevičienė-Pociūtė (Vilnius University, Humanities, Philology – 04 H) Doc. Dr. Indrė Žakevičienė (Vytautas Magnus University, Humanities, Philology – 04 H) Doc. Dr. Rūta Brūzgienė (The Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore, Humanities, Philology – 04 H) Oponents: Prof. Habil. Dr. Virginija Šlekienė-Balsevičiūtė (Vilnius Pedagogical University, Humanities, Philology – 04 H) Doc. Dr. Džiuljeta Maskuliūnienė (Siauliai University, Humanities, Philology – 04 H) The dissertation will be defended at a public meeting of the Council of Philological Sciences, in the Marija Gimbutienė hall (room 211) of Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Humanities at 11 a. m. on February 13, 2009. Address: K. Donelaičio 52, LT–44244 Kaunas, Lithuania The -
Konferencija Maketas 19×28.Indd
Tar�ta�tin� �o�slin� �onferencija TION MOKSLU GR�STO �VIETIMO LINK LIETUVOS EDUKOLOGIJOS UNIVERSITETAS Ų PRANEŠIMŲ SANTRAUKOS LITHUANIAN UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES ASED EDUCA Tar�ta�tin� �o�slin� �onferencija ARDS RESEARCH-B W O TION T MOKSLU GR�STO �VIETIMO LINK PROGRAMA. MOKSLINIŲ PRANEŠIMŲ SANTRAUKOS ASED EDUCA VIETIMO LINK International Research Conference O � T TOWARDS RESEARCH-BASED U GR�S EDUCATION SL ARDS RESEARCH-B PROGRAMME. ABSTRACTS OF RESEARCH REPORTS W O MOK T VIETIMO LINK International Research Conference O � T TOWARDS RESEARCH-BASED U GR�S EDUCATION SL MOK Tarptautinė mokslinė konferencija • MOKSLU GRĮSTO ŠVIETIMO LINK UDK 37.014(474.5)(06) Mo-65 KONFERENCIJOS ORGANIZATORIAI LEU Mokslinis ir organizacinis komitetas: Konferencijos garbės pirmininkė – Lietuvos Respublikos švietimo ir mokslo ministrė Audronė Pitrėnienė. Pirmininkė – doc. dr. Daiva Jakavonytė-Staškuvienė. Pirmininkės pavaduotojai: doc. dr. Emilija Sakadolskienė, dr. Agnė Brandišauskienė, doc. dr. To- mas Lazdauskas. Nariai: doc. dr. Birutė Autukevičienė, prof. habil. dr. Marijona Barkauskaitė, dr. Vaiva Jucevičiūtė- Bartkevičienė, doc. dr. Loreta Chodzkienė, doc. dr. Rita Dukynaitė, prof. habil. dr. akademikas Algirdas Gaižutis, doc. dr. Alvyra Galkienė, doc. dr. Natalja Istomina, doc. dr. Linas Jašinauskas, doc. dr. Jolita Kudinovienė, prof. dr. Ona Monkevičienė, doc. dr. Lina Murinienė, doc. dr. Dalia Nasvytienė, prof. dr. Aivas Ragauskas, doc. dr. Vaiva Schoroškienė, doc. dr. Henrika Šečkuvienė, doc. dr. Kęstutis Trakšelys, doc. dr. Emilija Urnėžienė, prof. dr. Loreta Žadeikaitė, prof. habil. dr. Rimantas Želvys, doc. dr. Aušra Žemgulienė. Tarptautinė mokslinė patariamoji taryba: prof. habil. dr. Jolanta Maria Baran, Krokuvos pedagoginis universitetas / Lenkija prof. dr. Bosse Bergstedt, Lundo universitetas / Švedija prof. habil. dr. Gerd-Bodo von Carlsburg, Heidelbergo pedagoginis universitetas / Vokietija doc. -
Simono Daukanto Didžiojo Lenkų–Lietuvių Kalbų Žodyno Rašymo Laikas: 1852–1856, 1857–1858 M
I S S N 1 3 9 2 - 7 3 7 X Archivum Lithuanicum 19 KlaipĖdos universitetas lietuviŲ Kalbos institutas lietuvos ISTORIJos INSTITUTAS ŠiauliŲ universitetas UNIVERSITY oF ILLINOIS AT CHiCaGo vilniaus universitetas vYtauto didŽioJo universitetas ARCHIVUM Lithuanicum 19 lietuvos ISTORIJos institutas vilnius 2017 redaktorių kolegija / editorial board: proF. Habil. dr. Giedrius Subačius ( filologija / philology), (vyriausiasis redaktorius / editor), universitY oF illinois at CHiCaGo, lietuvos istoriJos institutas, vilnius DR. Birutė Triškaitė ( filologija / philology), (vyriausiojo redaktoriaus pavaduotoja / associate editor), lietuviŲ Kalbos institutas, vilnius Habil. dr. Ona Aleknavičienė ( filologija / philology), lietuviŲ Kalbos institutas, vilnius PROF. HABIL. dr. Roma Bončkutė ( filologija / philology), KlaipĖdos universitetas proF. dr. Pietro U. Dini ( kalbotyra / linguistics), università di pisa PROF. Habil. dr. Jolanta Gelumbeckaitė ( kalbotyra / linguistics), JoHann WolFGanG GoetHe-universitÄt FranKFurt am main dr. Reda Griškaitė ( istorija / history), lietuvos istoriJos institutas, vilnius doC. dr. Birutė Kabašinskaitė ( filologija / philology), vilniaus universitetas PROF. Habil. dr. Bronius Maskuliūnas ( filologija / philology), ŠiauliŲ universitetas doC. dr. Jurgis Pakerys ( filologija / philology), vilniaus universitetas proF. Habil. dr. Rūta Petrauskaitė ( filologija / philology), vYtauto didŽioJo universitetas, KAUNAS HABIL. dr. Christiane Schiller ( kalbotyra / linguistics), HUMBOLDT-universitäT zu berlin proF. dr. William R. -
The Unique Cultural & Innnovative Twelfty 1820
Chekhov reading The Seagull to the Moscow Art Theatre Group, Stanislavski, Olga Knipper THE UNIQUE CULTURAL & INNNOVATIVE TWELFTY 1820-1939, by JACQUES CORY 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS No. of Page INSPIRATION 5 INTRODUCTION 6 THE METHODOLOGY OF THE BOOK 8 CULTURE IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES IN THE “CENTURY”/TWELFTY 1820-1939 14 LITERATURE 16 NOBEL PRIZES IN LITERATURE 16 CORY'S LIST OF BEST AUTHORS IN 1820-1939, WITH COMMENTS AND LISTS OF BOOKS 37 CORY'S LIST OF BEST AUTHORS IN TWELFTY 1820-1939 39 THE 3 MOST SIGNIFICANT LITERATURES – FRENCH, ENGLISH, GERMAN 39 THE 3 MORE SIGNIFICANT LITERATURES – SPANISH, RUSSIAN, ITALIAN 46 THE 10 SIGNIFICANT LITERATURES – PORTUGUESE, BRAZILIAN, DUTCH, CZECH, GREEK, POLISH, SWEDISH, NORWEGIAN, DANISH, FINNISH 50 12 OTHER EUROPEAN LITERATURES – ROMANIAN, TURKISH, HUNGARIAN, SERBIAN, CROATIAN, UKRAINIAN (20 EACH), AND IRISH GAELIC, BULGARIAN, ALBANIAN, ARMENIAN, GEORGIAN, LITHUANIAN (10 EACH) 56 TOTAL OF NOS. OF AUTHORS IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES BY CLUSTERS 59 JEWISH LANGUAGES LITERATURES 60 LITERATURES IN NON-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 74 CORY'S LIST OF THE BEST BOOKS IN LITERATURE IN 1860-1899 78 3 SURVEY ON THE MOST/MORE/SIGNIFICANT LITERATURE/ART/MUSIC IN THE ROMANTICISM/REALISM/MODERNISM ERAS 113 ROMANTICISM IN LITERATURE, ART AND MUSIC 113 Analysis of the Results of the Romantic Era 125 REALISM IN LITERATURE, ART AND MUSIC 128 Analysis of the Results of the Realism/Naturalism Era 150 MODERNISM IN LITERATURE, ART AND MUSIC 153 Analysis of the Results of the Modernism Era 168 Analysis of the Results of the Total Period of 1820-1939 -
SUB 1998 Zemaiciu Bk.Pdf
Giedrius Subaçius Ûemaiçi¨ bendrin∂s kalbos id∂jos KALBOS UGDYMO PROGRAMA Giedrius Subaçius Ûemaiçi¨ bendrin∂s kalbos id∂jos XIX amΩiaus pradΩia MOKSLO IR ENCIKLOPEDIJË LEIDYBOS INSTITUTAS VILNIUS 1998 2 ÛEMAIÇIË BK IDÎJOS 3 ÈVADAS UDK 808.82–087 Su-02 Recenzavo Turinys prof. habil. dr. Lietuvos MA narys korespondentas Aleksas Girdenis, prof. habil. dr. Lietuvos MA narys Zigmas Zinkeviçius Pratarm∂...... 12 1. Èvadas...... 14 1. 1. Ûemaiçiai...... 14 Subaçius, Giedrius 1. 2. Europos kontekstas ir bendrin∂s kalbos pob∆dis...... 17 Su-02 Ûemaiçi¨ bendrin∂s kalbos id∂jos/Giedrius Subaçius. – Vil- 1. 3. Bendrin∂ kalba...... 20 nius: Mokslo ir enciklopedij¨ leidybos inst., 1998. – 490 p: 1. 4. Såmoningos intencijos norminti...... 23 iliustr. Santr. Angl. – Bibliogr., p. 464–479 ir ißnaßose. – Asmen¨ 1. 5. Måstymo apie bendrin´ kalbå kategorijos...... 27 r-kl∂: p: 481. 1. 6. Klasifikacijos ir apraßymo principai...... 30 ISBN 5–420–01427–0 1. 7. Ûemaitißk¨ ypatybi¨ pastebimumas Ωemaiçiams...... 32 Ûemaiçiai XIX a. pirmojoje pus∂je pretendavo perimti pagrindinio etnoso funkcijas, ir j¨ raßtai ∂m∂ 1. 8. 1737 met¨ Universitas Lingvarum Litvaniae raßybos tradicija...... 39 stelbti aukßtaitißkuosius. Íioje knygoje pagrindinis d∂mesys ir skiriamas trij¨ XIX a. deßimtmeçi¨ pastan- goms kurti bendrin´ kalbå Ωemaiçi¨ tarmi¨ pagrindu. Taigi ßi knyga – pastang¨ norminti kalbå istorijos analiz∂, sociolingvistin∂ istorijos studija. 2. XVIII amΩiaus Ωemaiçi¨ raßtai...... 44 2. 1. 1759 met¨ Ûyvatas Pono ir Dievo m∆s¨ J∂zuso Christuso...... 44 UDK 808.82–087 2. 1. 1. Ûemaiçi¨ tarm∂s pasirinkimas...... 44 2. 1. 2. Raßybos tradicija ir naujov∂s...... 50 2. 1. 3. Nebendrin∂ raßomoji Ωemaiçi¨ kalba...... 57 2. -
Lithuanian Language in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: Between Function and Status
Belarusian Political Science Review, Volume 2, 2012–2013 ISSN 2029-8684 (online) ISSN 2029-8676 INSTITUTIONS AND COMMUNITIES: HISTORICAL DIMENSION Alieh Dziarnovič LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE IN THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA: BETWEEN FUNCTION AND STATUS Introduction, or the Incident of 1529 At the very beginning of May 1529, on behalf of the High Court – “by or- der of His Majesty” – offi cials of the central and regional (Vilnius/Wilno/Viĺnia Voivodeship) administration of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania sent decki1 Vasiĺ Bialianin to the Eišiškės parish of Lida County (today in the Šalčininkai district of Vilnius County of the Republic of Lithuania). He was to interview witnesses on the spot over a disputed property case between a boyar of His Majesty Piotr Sumarok and Eišiškės subject Sieńka Ivaškavič. The judicial body, headed by the Marshal2 of His Majesty Maciej Vojciechavič Kločka, “ordered Sumarok and Sieńka Ivaškavič not to go to those witnesses beforehand, but join the decki”. Sumarok asked permission not to join the decki, but to stay in Vilnius. What a surprise it was for the decki when he met Sumarok on the road to Eišiškės “al- ready going back from witnesses”. The court offi cial asked the plaintiff : «“Sumarok, where are the witnesses?”, – and he pointed out the witnesses in a birchwood. Then, when the witnesses stood in front of me and wanted to confess, Sumarok started talking to them in Lithuanian (emphasis mine. – A.Dz.) and asked them: “For God’s sake do not betray me, and what I promised I will give you, and will not betray you”». -
Kultūrų Kryžkelės: Savastis Ir Svetimybės
Egidijus Aleksandravičius, Antanas Kulakauskas KULTŪRŲ KRYŽKELĖS: SAVASTIS IR SVETIMYBĖS Intelektualinės mokslinės institucijos XIX amžiaus viduryje Lietuvos kultūrinio gyvenimo raidą tarpsukiliminiu laikotarpiu formavo kelios mokslo ir kultūros draugijos. Pirmiausia – Vilniaus medicinos draugija, bene vienintelė krašto mokslinė visuomeninė organizacija, įsikūrusi ir pradėjusi veikti imperatoriškojo Vilniaus universiteto prieglobstyje ir gyvavusi iki pat 1940 metų. Kas lėmė tokį pastovumą? Pirmiausia jį lėmė pats gydytojų – anuomet labiausiai organizuotos ir susitelkusios inteligentijos grupės – socialinis ir kultūrinis statusas. Medikams buvo keliami didžiausi profesiniai reikalavimai, jie privalėjo išklausyti visą universitetinį kursą1, kad galėtų oficialiai verstis gydytojo praktika. Gydytojai ne tik dirbo medicinos mokslo srityje, bet gana gausiai įsitraukė į intelektualinį Lietuvos gyvenimą, rūpinosi tomis kultūros sferomis, kurios tiesiogiai nieko bendra su jų profesija neturėjo, štai tikrai įspūdingo Lietuvos kultūrinio gyvenimo įvykio – garsiojo Vilniaus albumo leidimo – organizatorius buvo medikas Jonas Kazimieras Vilčinskis. Daug jo kolegų reiškėsi literatūroje, dailėje, muzikoje. Universiteto klestėjimo metais Draugija buvo tiesiog suaugusi su universitetu: posėdžiavo jo salėse, naudojosi universiteto biblioteka ir kabinetais bei laboratorijomis. Caro valdžia suvokė, jog kitų būdų išlaikyti aukštą sveikatos apsaugos lygį krašte nėra, ir tik stengėsi kontroliuoti, kad Vilniaus medicinos draugijos planuose neatsirastų nemedicininių -
Bibliografia Zawarto±Ci Czasopism
ISSN 2081-4208 Biblioteka Narodowa Bibliografia Zawartości Czasopism kwiecień 2019 rok 8378-11246 WYKAZ DZIAŁÓW 0(045/046) DZIAŁ OGÓLNY 327(045/046) Polityka zagraniczna. Polityka międzynarodowa 00(045/046) Naukoznawstwo. Informacja. Dokumentacja. Ro- 327(4-67)(045/046) Polityka Unii Europejskiej dzaje pisma 327(438)(045/046) Polityka zagraniczna Polski 004(045/046) Informatyka 328(045/046) Parlamenty. Przedstawicielstwa narodowe. Rządy 005(045/046) Zarządzanie. Biurowość 329(045/046) Partie i ruchy polityczne 006(045/046) Normalizacja 33(045/046) Nauki ekonomiczne. Spółdzielczość 008(045/046) Kultura 331(045/046) Praca 01/02(045/046) Bibliografia. Bibliotekarstwo. Bibliologia 332(045/046) Gospodarka regionalna i terytorialna 050+070(045/046) Czasopiśmiennictwo. Dziennikarstwo 336(045/046) Finanse. Podatki 06(045/046) Organizacje. Wystawy. Muzea 338(045/046) Sytuacja gospodarcza. Polityka gospodarcza. 1(045/046) FILOZOFIA. LOGIKA. METODOLOGIA Usługi. Ceny 159.9(045/046) Psychologia 338(438)(045/046) Sytuacja gospodarcza Polski. Polityka go- 17(045/046) Etyka spodarcza Polski 2(045/046) RELIGIA. TEOLOGIA 338.48(045/046) Turystyka 27(045/046) Chrześcijaństwo. Kościoły i wyznania chrześci- 339.1/.5(045/046) Handel wewnętrzny i zagraniczny jańskie 339.7/.9(045/046) Finanse międzynarodowe. Międzynarodowe 272(045/046) Katolicyzm. Kościół rzymskokatolicki stosunki gospodarcze 3(045/046) NAUKI SPOŁECZNE. PRAWO. ADMINISTRA- 339.7/.9(4-67)(045/046) Finanse Unii Europejskiej. Gospo- CJA darka Unii Europejskiej 30(045/046) Metodologia nauk społecznych. Problematyka 34(045/046) Nauki prawne. Prawo płci 341(045/046) Prawo międzynarodowe 308(045/046) Socjografia. Sytuacja społeczna poszczególnych 342(045/046) Prawo państwowe. Prawo administracyjne krajów, narodów. Reportaże dotyczące różnych zagadnień 343(045/046) Prawo karne społecznych 346(045/046) Prawo gospodarcze 311(045/046) Statystyka 347(045/046) Prawo cywilne 314(045/046) Demografia. -
Lithuanian Paths to Modernity
Lithuanian Paths to Modernity VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY EGIDIJUS ALEKSANDRAVIČIUS Lithuanian Paths to Modernity UDK 94 Al-79 ISBN 978-609-467-236-1 (Online) © Egidijus Aleksandravičius, 2016 ISBN 978-9955-34-637-1 (Online) © Vytautas Magnus University, 2016 ISBN 978-609-467-237-8 (Print) © “Versus aureus” Publishers, 2016 ISBN 978-9955-34-638-8 (Print) To Leonidas Donskis 7 Table of Contents Preface / Krzysztof Czyżewski. MODERNITY AND HISTORIAN’S LITHUANIA / 9 Acknowledgements / 21 Part I: Before Down A Lost Vision: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Political Imagination of the 19th Century / 25 Hebrew studies at Vilnius University and Lithuanian Ethnopolitical tendencies in the First part of the 19th century / 39 The double Fate of the Lithuanian gentry / 57 Political goals of Lithuanians, 1863–1918 / 69 Associational Culture and Civil Society in Lithuania under Tsarist Rule / 87 The Union’s Shadow, or Federalism in the Lithuanian Political Imagination of the late 19th and early 20th centuries / 105 Part II: The Turns of Historiography The Challenge of the Past: a survey of Lithuanian historiography / 137 Jews in Lithuanian Historiography / 155 Lost in Freedom: Competing historical grand narratives in post-Soviet Lithuania / 167 8 LITHUANIAN PATHS TO MODERNITY Part III: The Fall, Sovietization and After Lithuanian collaboration with the Nazis and the Soviets / 195 Conspiracy theories in traumatized societies: The Lithuanian case / 227 Lithuanian routes, stories, and memories / 237 Post-Communist Transition: The Case of Two Lithuanian Capital Cities / 249 Emigration and the goals of Lithuania’s foreign policy / 267 Guilt as Europe’s Borderline / 281 9 Preface Krzysztof Czyżewski MODERNITY AND HISTORIAN’S LITHUANIA I worry about ‘progressive’ history teaching… The task of the historian is to supply the dimension of knowledge and narrative without which we cannot be a civic whole..