"Flower" and "Bird" and the Related Mystical Literature
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№3 2015 Bahram Moghaddas, Mahdieh Boostani НААУЧНЫИ the INFLUENCE OFRUMI’S THOUGHT РЕЗУЛЬТАТ on WHITMAN’S POETRY Сетевой Научно-Практический Журн
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE providedа by DSpace у ч at Belgorod н ы State й University р е з у л ь т а т UDC 821 DOI: 10.18413 / 2313-8912-2015-1-3-73-82 Bahram Moghaddas PhD in TEFL, Ministry of Education, Mahmoodabad, Mazandaran, Iran Department of English, Khazar Institute of Higher Education, Iran E-mail: [email protected] Mahdieh Boostani PhD Candidate in the English Language and Literature, Banaras Hindu University, India E-mail: [email protected] Ab STRACT ufism or tasaw w uf is the inner, mystical, or psycho-spiritual dimension of Islam. SHowever, many scholars believe that Sufism is outside the sphere of Islam. As a result, there has always been disagreement among religious scholars and Sufis themselves regarding the origins of Sufism. The traditional view sees Sufism as the mystical school of Islam and its beginnings in the first centuries following the life of the Prophet Mohammad. Indeed, there is another view that traces the pre-Islamic roots of Sufism back through mystics and mystery schools of the other regions gathered into the trunk known as Islamic Sufism. The word Sufi originates from a Persian word meaning wisdom and wisdom is the ultimate power. The following survey tries to explore this concept in the works of Rumi and its impact on the western writers and poets particularly Whitman. It tries to show how Whitman inspired from Rumi and came to be the messenger of Sufism in his poems. These poems reveal the depth of Sufi spirituality, the inner states of mystical love, and the Unity of Being through symbolic expressions. -
The Meccan Era in the Light of the Turkish Writings from the Prophet’S Birth Till the Rise of the Mission - I
ISSN 2039-2117 (online) Mediterranean Journal of Vol 9 No 6 ISSN 2039-9340 (print) Social Sciences November 2018 . Research Article © 2018 Noura Ahmed Hamed Al Harthy. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). The Meccan Era in the Light of the Turkish Writings from the Prophet’s Birth Till the Rise of the Mission - I Dr. Noura Ahmed Hamed Al Harthy Professor of Islamic History, Vice Dean of Scientific Research, University of Bishe, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Doi: 10.2478/mjss-2018-0163 Abstract The prophet’s biography had a supreme place in the Turkish writings. In this vein, the present research’s title is “The Meccan Era in the Turkish Writings from the prophet’s birth till the Prophetic Immigration to Medina”. Therefore in this research, a great amount of information about the Meccan era in the Turkish Writings from the prophet’s birth till the Prophetic Immigration to Medina was collected. It also included prophet’s life before and after the mission till the immigration to Abyssinia, the boycott, passing the second Aqaba Pledge, the Prophet's stand towards some contemporary nations and finally, the conclusion and the list of citied works and references. Before the prophet Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah's (PBUH) birth, the Arabian Peninsula lived in full darkness then it was enlightened by Islam. The prophet (PBUH) was not detached from the universal arena; rather, he was aware of the surrounding nations led by the Persians and Romans during that time. -
Mah Tir, Mah Bahman & Asfandarmad 1 Mah Asfandarmad 1369
Mah Tir, Mah Bahman & Asfandarmad 1 Mah Asfandarmad 1369, Fravardin & l FEZAN A IN S I D E T HJ S I S S U E Federation of Zoroastrian • Summer 2000, Tabestal1 1369 YZ • Associations of North America http://www.fezana.org PRESIDENT: Framroze K. Patel 3 Editorial - Pallan R. Ichaporia 9 South Circle, Woodbridge, NJ 07095 (732) 634-8585, (732) 636-5957 (F) 4 From the President - Framroze K. Patel president@ fezana. org 5 FEZANA Update 6 On the North American Scene FEZ ANA 10 Coming Events (World Congress 2000) Jr ([]) UJIR<J~ AIL '14 Interfaith PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF ZOROASTRIAN ASSOCIATIONS OF '15 Around the World NORTH AMERICA 20 A Millennium Gift - Four New Agiaries in Mumbai CHAIRPERSON: Khorshed Jungalwala Rohinton M. Rivetna 53 Firecut Lane, Sudbury, MA 01776 Cover Story: (978) 443-6858, (978) 440-8370 (F) 22 kayj@ ziplink.net Honoring our Past: History of Iran, from Legendary Times EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Roshan Rivetna 5750 S. Jackson St. Hinsdale, IL 60521 through the Sasanian Empire (630) 325-5383, (630) 734-1579 (F) Guest Editor Pallan R. Ichaporia ri vetna@ lucent. com 23 A Place in World History MILESTONES/ ANNOUNCEMENTS Roshan Rivetna with Pallan R. Ichaporia Mahrukh Motafram 33 Legendary History of the Peshdadians - Pallan R. Ichaporia 2390 Chanticleer, Brookfield, WI 53045 (414) 821-5296, [email protected] 35 Jamshid, History or Myth? - Pen1in J. Mist1y EDITORS 37 The Kayanian Dynasty - Pallan R. Ichaporia Adel Engineer, Dolly Malva, Jamshed Udvadia 40 The Persian Empire of the Achaemenians Pallan R. Ichaporia YOUTHFULLY SPEAKING: Nenshad Bardoliwalla 47 The Parthian Empire - Rashna P. -
A Comparative Analysis of Educational Teaching in Shahnameh and Iliad Elhamshahverdi and Dr.Masoodsepahvandi Abstract
Date:12/1/18 A Comparative Analysis of Educational Teaching in Shahnameh and Iliad Elhamshahverdi and dr.Masoodsepahvandi Abstract Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Homer's Iliad are among the first literary masterpieces of Iran and Greece. These teachings include the educational teachings of Zal and Roudabeh, and Paris and Helen. This paper presents a comparative look at the immortal effect of this Iranian poet with Homer's poem-- the Greek blind poet. In this comparison, using a content analysis method, the effects of the educational teachings of these two stories are extracted and expressed, The results of this study show that the human and universal educational teachings of Shahnameh are far more than that of Homer's Iliad. Keywords: teachings, education,analysis,Shahname,Iliad. Introduction The literature of every nation is a mirror of the entirety of thought, culture and customs of that nation, which can be expressed in elegance and artistic delicacy in many different ways. Shahnameh and Iliad both represent the literature of the two peoples of Iran and Greece, which contain moral values for the happiness of the individual and society. "The most obvious points of Shahnameh are its advice and many examples and moral commands. To do this, Ferdowsi has taken every opportunity and has made every event an excuse. Even kings and warriors are used for this purpose. "Comparative literature is also an important foundation for the exodus of indigenous literature from isolation, and it will be a part of the entire literary heritage of the world, exposed to thoughts and ideas, and is also capable of helping to identify contemplation legacies in the understanding and friendship of the various nations."(Ghanimi, 44: 1994) Epic literature includes poems that have a spiritual aspect, not an individual one. -
Classical Persian Literature Bahman Solati (Ph.D), 2015 University of California, Berkeley [email protected]
Classical Persian Literature Bahman Solati (Ph.D), 2015 University of California, Berkeley [email protected] Introduction Studying the roots of a particular literary history enables us to better understand the allusions the literature transmits and why we appreciate them. It also allows us to foresee how the literature may progress.1 I will try to keep this attitude in the reader’s mind in offering this brief summary of medieval Persian literature, a formidable task considering the variety and wealth of the texts and documentation on the subject.2 In this study we will pay special attention to the development of the Persian literature over the last millennia, focusing in particular on the initial development and background of various literary genres in Persian. Although the concept of literary genres is rather subjective and unstable,3 reviewing them is nonetheless a useful approach for a synopsis, facilitating greater understanding, deeper argumentation, and further speculation than would a simple listing of dates, titles, and basic biographical facts of the giants of Persian literature. Also key to literary examination is diachronicity, or the outlining of literary development through successive generations and periods. Thriving Persian literature, undoubtedly shaped by historic events, lends itself to this approach: one can observe vast differences between the Persian literature of the tenth century and that of the eleventh or the twelfth, and so on.4 The fourteenth century stands as a bridge between the previous and the later periods, the Mongol and Timurid, followed by the Ṣafavids in Persia and the Mughals in India. Given the importance of local courts and their support of poets and writers, it is quite understandable that literature would be significantly influenced by schools of thought in different provinces of the Persian world.5 In this essay, I use the word literature to refer to the written word adeptly and artistically created. -
Compare and Analyzing Mythical Characters in Shahname and Garshasb Nāmeh
WALIA journal 31(S4): 121-125, 2015 Available online at www.Waliaj.com ISSN 1026-3861 © 2015 WALIA Compare and analyzing mythical characters in Shahname and Garshasb Nāmeh Mohammadtaghi Fazeli 1, Behrooze Varnasery 2, * 1Department of Archaeology, Shushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran 2Department of Persian literature Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Iran Abstract: The content difference in both works are seen in rhetorical Science, the unity of epic tone ,trait, behavior and deeds of heroes and Kings ,patriotism in accordance with moralities and their different infer from epic and mythology . Their similarities can be seen in love for king, obeying king, theology, pray and the heroes vigorous and physical power. Comparing these two works we concluded that epic and mythology is more natural in the Epic of the king than Garshaseb Nameh. The reason that Ferdowsi illustrates epic and mythological characters more natural and tangible is that their history is important for him while Garshaseb Nameh looks on the surface and outer part of epic and mythology. Key words: The epic of the king;.Epic; Mythology; Kings; Heroes 1. Introduction Sassanid king Yazdgerd who died years after Iran was occupied by muslims. It divides these kings into *Ferdowsi has bond thought, wisdom and culture four dynasties Pishdadian, Kayanids, Parthian and of ancient Iranian to the pre-Islam literature. sassanid.The first dynasties especially the first one Garshaseb Nameh has undoubtedly the most shares have root in myth but the last one has its roots in in introducing mythical and epic characters. This history (Ilgadavidshen, 1999) ballad reflexes the ethical and behavioral, trait, for 4) Asadi Tusi: The Persian literature history some of the kings and Garshaseb the hero. -
Feminist Criticism of the Story of Homay Chehrzad's Kingdom in Shahnameh
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 2, No. 9, pp. 1980-1986, September 2012 © 2012 ACADEMY PUBLISHER Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/tpls.2.9.1980-1986 Feminist Criticism of the Story of Homay Chehrzad's Kingdom in Shahnameh Mohammad Behnamfar Birjand University, Iran Email: [email protected] Homeira Alizadeh Garmabesofla Birjand University, Iran Email: [email protected] Effat Fareq Birjand University, Iran Email: [email protected] Abstract—Feminism is a movement for the defense of women's rights and eliminating racial discrimination of all kinds and also it causes the women to be present in community like men. The aim of this kind of critique is that women present a definition of their own state and save themselves from the dominance of men. Also, this critique engages in women's issues in literary texts and studies a literary work either in terms of its author's sex or female characters existing in that work. In this paper, we try to study the feminist critique of Homay Chehrzad Kingdom story in Shahnameh Ferdowsi in terms of female characters created in the story. The results of this study are obtained according to the content analysis. The conducted results show that although women have been respected in the story but there is still cases of oppression and humiliation of men towards them. On the other hand, existence of the second wave of feminism which emphasizes on the masculine traits and characteristics and examples of the third wave, which is the incidence of maternal sentiment, is evident in this story. -
Ethnic and Traditional Iranian Breads: Different Types, and Historical and Cultural Aspects
J Ethn Foods - (2017) 1e7 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Ethnic Foods journal homepage: http://journalofethnicfoods.net Original article Ethnic and traditional Iranian breads: different types, and historical and cultural aspects * Vahid Mohammadpour Karizaki Chemical Engineering Department, Quchan University of Advanced Technology, Quchan, Iran article info abstract Article history: Background: Bread making has a long history in Iran. Because of the inseparable relationship between Received 21 December 2016 Iranian people and bread, an increasingly wide variety of this healthy and nutritious food is prepared and Received in revised form consumed throughout the country. The present work aims at documenting and providing information 14 January 2017 about breads of Iranian cuisine. Accepted 20 January 2017 Methods: The required information was obtained via a direct face-to-face questionnaire-based survey Available online xxx among housewives, domestic people, and Iranian bakers. The statistical society was selected by random sampling among people from the top eight most populous cities in the country. Keywords: bread Results: More than 30 types of ethnic and traditional bread of Iranian cuisine are introduced in two main fi ethnic food categories: the rst group includes breads that are consumed all around the country, and the second Iran group consists of those that are prepared in special regions, or by ethnic groups. Conclusion: The historical and cultural aspects of the Iranian foods showed that bread is the most common and popular food in the country. © 2017 Korea Food Research Institute. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). -
MEVLANA JALALUDDİN RUMİ and SUFISM
MEVLANA JALALUDDİN RUMİ and SUFISM (A Dervish’s Logbook) Mim Kemâl ÖKE 1 Dr. Mim Kemâl ÖKE Mim Kemal Öke was born in Istanbul in 1955 to a family with Central Asian Uygur heritage. Öke attended Şişli Terakki Lyceum for grade school and Robert College for high school. After graduating from Robert College in 1973, he went to England to complete his higher education in the fields of economics and history at Cambridge University. He also specialized in political science and international relations at Sussex, Cambridge, and Istanbul universities. In 1979 he went to work at the United Nation’s Palestine Office. He returned to Turkey in 1980 to focus on his academic career. He soon became an assistant professor at Boğaziçi University in 1984 and a professor in 1990. In 1983, TRT (Turkish Radio and Television Corporation) brought Öke on as a general consulting manager for various documentaries, including “Voyage from Cadiz to Samarkand in the Age of Tamerlane.” Up until 2006 he was involved in game shows, talk shows, news programs and discussion forums on TRT, as well as on privately owned channels. He also expressed his evaluations on foreign policy in a weekly syndicated column, “Mim Noktası” (Point of Mim). Though he manages to avoid administrative duties, he has participated in official meetings abroad on behalf of the Turkish Foreign Ministry. Throughout his academic career, Öke has always prioritized research. Of his more than twenty works published in Turkish, English, Urdu and Arabic, his writings on the issues of Palestine, Armenia, Mosul, and the Caliphate as they relate to the history of Ottoman and Turkish foreign policy are considered foundational resources. -
A Poet Builds a Nation.Pdf
DOI: 10.9744/kata.16.2.109-118 ISSN 1411-2639 (Print), ISSN 2302-6294 (Online) OPEN ACCESS http://kata.petra.ac.id A Poet Builds a Nation: Hafez as a Catalyst in Emerson’s Process of Developing American Literature Behnam Mirzababazadeh Fomeshi*, Adineh Khojastehpour Independent scholars * Corresponding author emails: [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT Numerous studies have tried to elucidate the relationship between Emerson and Hafez. While most of these studies laid emphasis on influence of Hafez on Emerson and others on similarity and/or infatuation, they left untouched some vital historical aspects of this relationship. Taking into consideration the political and literary discourses of Emerson‘s America may illuminate the issue. America‘s attempt to gain independence from Britain, Emerson‘s resolution to establish an American literary tradition, his break with the European fathers to establish that identity, his open-mindedness in receiving non-European cultures and the correspondence between Emerson‘s transcendentalism and Hafez‘s mysticism led to Hafez‘s reception by Emerson. Keywords: Hafez; Emerson; comparative literature; reception; national identity INTRODUCTION The relationship between Hafez and Emerson has been extensively studied. Most of the researchers In addition to being considered the father of trans- have highlighted influence and some have empha- cendentalism, the American poet and philosopher, sized similarity or infatuation. For instance, Fotouhi Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) was a remar- and Taebi (2012) believed that Emerson‘s poetic taste kable figure concerning Persian literature. The poet‘s made him study Persian poets and ―correspondence most fruitful years coincided with his careful study of between their mystical insight and his transcendental Persian poets. -
(PDF Format) the Booklet “Cultural Parameters of Iranian Musical
Cultural Parameters of Iranian Musical Expression Edited by Margaret Caton & Neil Siegel The Institute of Persian Performing Arts Cultural Parameters of Iranian Musical Expression Presented at the 1986 meetings of The Middle East Studies Association November, 1986 Margaret Caton Jean During Robyn Friend Thomas Reckord Neil Siegel Mortezâ Varzi Edited by Margaret Caton & Neil Siegel Published by: The Institute of Persian Performing Arts 38 Cinnamon Lane Rancho Palos Verdes, California 90275 Copyright (c) 1986 / 1988 by the authors and The Institute of Persian Performing Arts (IPPA). All Rights Reserved. Re-formatted 2002 Table of Contents 1. Performer-Audience Relationships in the Bazm. Mortezâ Varzi; assisted by Margaret Caton, Robyn C. Friend, and Neil Siegel . .....1 2. Contemporary Contexts for Iranian Professional Musical Performance. Robyn C. Friend and Neil G. Siegel . ......8 3. Melodic Contour in Persian Music, and its Connection to Poetic Form and Meaning. Margaret Caton . .....15 4. The Role of Religious Chant in the Definition of the Iranian Aesthetic. Thomas Reckord . 23 5. Emotion and Trance: Musical Exorcism in Baluchistan. Jean During . 31 Performer-Audience Relationships in the Bazm Mortezâ Varzi Assisted by Margaret Caton, Robyn C. Friend, and Neil Siegel The Institute of Persian Performing Arts Presented at the 1986 meetings of The Middle East Studies Association November, 1986 Abstract: The bazm is an intimate party at which refreshment and musical entertainment are provided. The role of the musical performer at the bazm is to establish a rapport that provides the proper environment for musical performance by means of an emotional and spiritual connection with the audience. -
Cinema of Immanence: Mystical Philosophy in Experimental Media
CINEMA OF IMMANENCE: MYSTICAL PHILOSOPHY IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDIA By Mansoor Behnam A thesis submitted to the Cultural Studies Program In conformity with the requirements for The degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada (May 2015) Copyright © Mansoor Behnam, 2015 Abstract This research-creation discovers the connection between what Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari termed as the Univocity of Being, and the Sufi and pantheistic concept of Unity of Being (wahdat al-wujud) founded by the Islamic philosopher/mystic Ibn al-‘Arabī(A.H. 560- 638/A.D. 1165-1240). I use the decolonizing historiography of the concept of univocity of being carried out by the scholar of Media Art, and Islamic Thoughts Laura U. Marks. According to Marks’ historiography, it was the Persian Muslim Polymath Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn ibn Sînâ (980-1037) who first initiated the concept of haecceity (thisness)--the basis of the univocity of being. The thesis examines transformative experimental cinema and video art from a mystical philosophical perspective (Sufism), and by defying binaries of East/West, it moves beyond naïve cosmopolitanism, to nuanced understanding of themes such as presence, proximity, self, transcendence, immanence, and becoming, in media arts. The thesis tackles the problem of Islamic aniconism, nonrepresentability, and inexpressibility of the ineffable; as it is reflected in the mystical/paradoxical concept of the mystical Third Script (or the Unreadable Script) suggested by Shams-i-Tabrīzī (1185- 1248), the spiritual master of Mawlana Jalal ad-Dīn Muhhammad Rūmī (1207-1273). I argue that the Third Script provides a platform for the investigation of the implications of the language, silence, unsayable, and non-representation.