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№3 2015 Bahram Moghaddas, Mahdieh Boostani НААУЧНЫИ the INFLUENCE OFRUMI’S THOUGHT РЕЗУЛЬТАТ on WHITMAN’S POETRY Сетевой Научно-Практический Журн
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE providedа by DSpace у ч at Belgorod н ы State й University р е з у л ь т а т UDC 821 DOI: 10.18413 / 2313-8912-2015-1-3-73-82 Bahram Moghaddas PhD in TEFL, Ministry of Education, Mahmoodabad, Mazandaran, Iran Department of English, Khazar Institute of Higher Education, Iran E-mail: [email protected] Mahdieh Boostani PhD Candidate in the English Language and Literature, Banaras Hindu University, India E-mail: [email protected] Ab STRACT ufism or tasaw w uf is the inner, mystical, or psycho-spiritual dimension of Islam. SHowever, many scholars believe that Sufism is outside the sphere of Islam. As a result, there has always been disagreement among religious scholars and Sufis themselves regarding the origins of Sufism. The traditional view sees Sufism as the mystical school of Islam and its beginnings in the first centuries following the life of the Prophet Mohammad. Indeed, there is another view that traces the pre-Islamic roots of Sufism back through mystics and mystery schools of the other regions gathered into the trunk known as Islamic Sufism. The word Sufi originates from a Persian word meaning wisdom and wisdom is the ultimate power. The following survey tries to explore this concept in the works of Rumi and its impact on the western writers and poets particularly Whitman. It tries to show how Whitman inspired from Rumi and came to be the messenger of Sufism in his poems. These poems reveal the depth of Sufi spirituality, the inner states of mystical love, and the Unity of Being through symbolic expressions. -
Search and Find: National Poetry Month
SEARCH & FIND APRIL- NATIONAL POETRY MONTH Non-Picture - Page 1 ■ ■ 1. Dante Alighieri. 2. Aref Qazvini. 3. Voltaire. Clue: Dante Alighieri was a poet Clue:Aref Qazvini was an Iranian Clue:Voltaire was a French and prose writer from medieval poet and musician. Often cal led philosopher, writer, and poet of Florence, Italy, who profoundly a National Poet of Iran, he was a the Enlightenment. He was one impacted European literature. revolutionary during the Iranian of the most versitile poets and He is most famous for authoring Constitutional Revolution and wits of his time. He is shown the Christian epic poem La made many political and here holding a red lamb, a divina commedia. Dante is pro-revolutionary songs. reference to his 1759 satirical credited with inventing the novella Candide. poetic form used in The Divine Comedy, known as terza rima. 4. Laozi. 5. Ralph Waldo Emerson. 6. Maqamat-ut-Tuyur. Clue: Laozi was a philosopher in Clue: Ralph Waldo Emerson was Clue: "The Conference of the ancient China. He is the author an American writer, poet, and Birds," or "Maqamat-ut-Tuyor," of the Tao Te Ching, an import leader of the Transcendentalist is a poem completed circa 1187. ant text from Chinese history Movement, which argued that The poem concerns a congrega consisting of 81 short, poetic people were essentially good tion of birds, led by a wise sections. He is a central figure and capable of self-improve hoopoe, that embark on a both in philosophical and ment. journey. Through their experi religious Taoism. ences and the hoopoe's parables and counsel, the birds are cleansed of their egos and attain enlightenment. -
"Flower" and "Bird" and the Related Mystical Literature
Science Arena Publications Specialty Journal of Humanities and Cultural Science Available online at www.sciarena.com 2017, Vol, 2 (2): 7-15 Study of "Flower" and "Bird" and the Related Mystical Literature hamideh samenikhah1, Ardeshir Salehpour2 1MA of art research, Department of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Tehran center Branch, Iran. Email: [email protected] 2PhD of art research, Department of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Tehran center Branch, Iran Abstract: In painting and scriptures, patterns and images transfer special meaning to the audience which are known as symbols. Understanding the concepts of such symbols forms a work. As it is known, there is a long- standing link between literature and art. Traditionally, poets or artists use symbols in literature and art to express their purposes. Since the images are the symbols of mystical concepts, it can be said that the painting is directly connected to mysticism. For example, in the paintings and scriptures of flower and bird, flower is the symbol of the beloved and bird is the symbol of lover. The romantic speeches between flower and bird are the symbol of God's praise. Flower and bird paintings are dedicated to Iranian art that refer to four thousand years ago, the companion of plant with bird is originated from the Phoenix myths and the tree of life. Interpretations of flowers and birds in nature are concerned by most poets. Flower and bird are used in the works of the poets, especially those who use the symbol for mystical concepts. The present research which is written in descriptive method aims to study "flower" and "bird" and the mystical literature related to these concepts. -
(PDF Format) the Booklet “Cultural Parameters of Iranian Musical
Cultural Parameters of Iranian Musical Expression Edited by Margaret Caton & Neil Siegel The Institute of Persian Performing Arts Cultural Parameters of Iranian Musical Expression Presented at the 1986 meetings of The Middle East Studies Association November, 1986 Margaret Caton Jean During Robyn Friend Thomas Reckord Neil Siegel Mortezâ Varzi Edited by Margaret Caton & Neil Siegel Published by: The Institute of Persian Performing Arts 38 Cinnamon Lane Rancho Palos Verdes, California 90275 Copyright (c) 1986 / 1988 by the authors and The Institute of Persian Performing Arts (IPPA). All Rights Reserved. Re-formatted 2002 Table of Contents 1. Performer-Audience Relationships in the Bazm. Mortezâ Varzi; assisted by Margaret Caton, Robyn C. Friend, and Neil Siegel . .....1 2. Contemporary Contexts for Iranian Professional Musical Performance. Robyn C. Friend and Neil G. Siegel . ......8 3. Melodic Contour in Persian Music, and its Connection to Poetic Form and Meaning. Margaret Caton . .....15 4. The Role of Religious Chant in the Definition of the Iranian Aesthetic. Thomas Reckord . 23 5. Emotion and Trance: Musical Exorcism in Baluchistan. Jean During . 31 Performer-Audience Relationships in the Bazm Mortezâ Varzi Assisted by Margaret Caton, Robyn C. Friend, and Neil Siegel The Institute of Persian Performing Arts Presented at the 1986 meetings of The Middle East Studies Association November, 1986 Abstract: The bazm is an intimate party at which refreshment and musical entertainment are provided. The role of the musical performer at the bazm is to establish a rapport that provides the proper environment for musical performance by means of an emotional and spiritual connection with the audience. -
Cinema of Immanence: Mystical Philosophy in Experimental Media
CINEMA OF IMMANENCE: MYSTICAL PHILOSOPHY IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDIA By Mansoor Behnam A thesis submitted to the Cultural Studies Program In conformity with the requirements for The degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada (May 2015) Copyright © Mansoor Behnam, 2015 Abstract This research-creation discovers the connection between what Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari termed as the Univocity of Being, and the Sufi and pantheistic concept of Unity of Being (wahdat al-wujud) founded by the Islamic philosopher/mystic Ibn al-‘Arabī(A.H. 560- 638/A.D. 1165-1240). I use the decolonizing historiography of the concept of univocity of being carried out by the scholar of Media Art, and Islamic Thoughts Laura U. Marks. According to Marks’ historiography, it was the Persian Muslim Polymath Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn ibn Sînâ (980-1037) who first initiated the concept of haecceity (thisness)--the basis of the univocity of being. The thesis examines transformative experimental cinema and video art from a mystical philosophical perspective (Sufism), and by defying binaries of East/West, it moves beyond naïve cosmopolitanism, to nuanced understanding of themes such as presence, proximity, self, transcendence, immanence, and becoming, in media arts. The thesis tackles the problem of Islamic aniconism, nonrepresentability, and inexpressibility of the ineffable; as it is reflected in the mystical/paradoxical concept of the mystical Third Script (or the Unreadable Script) suggested by Shams-i-Tabrīzī (1185- 1248), the spiritual master of Mawlana Jalal ad-Dīn Muhhammad Rūmī (1207-1273). I argue that the Third Script provides a platform for the investigation of the implications of the language, silence, unsayable, and non-representation. -
The Enlightenment and Orientalist Discourse on the Aryan
Jews, Aryans Chap. 1 7/23/02 9:42 AM Page 8 CHAPTER 1 The Enlightenment and Orientalist Discourse on the Aryan THE ENLIGHTENMENT BACKGROUND rientalist and postcolonialist criticism has positioned the origin of much Othat it seeks to critique within the Enlightenment project. Edward Said identified the Enlightenment as a unified trajectory and master sign of both Orientalism and colonialism (Said 1978). Ashis Nandy traced the roots of colonialism’s mandate to absolutize the relative differences between cultures to the cultural arrogance of Enlightenment Europe. Partha Chatterjee prob- lematized Enlightenment historiography (Chatterjee 1986). Peter van der Veer has blamed Enlightenment discourse for the erroneous politicization of Hinduism (Van der Veer 1998). Curiously, none of their arguments dwells on specifics—a common methodological flaw of critical schools which mea- sure past texts against contemporary claims of emancipation or fantasies of dissent (Fluck 1996: 228). In these instances, critics assess the Enlightenment in light of the subsequent colonial experience. Their critical canon virtually ignores the fundamental texts of the period. Indeed, the Enlightenment has suffered much at the hands of poststructuralism’s vague and atextual treatment. There is clearly a need for a reappraisal of the Enlightenment with reference to its literature. In satirical works of the eighteenth century, there appeared a general theme, barely hidden under the fiction and in the satire itself: Asia can and should offer lessons. The pittoresque Oriental tale provided an ideal medium through which authors could expose the vices of their own corrupt civil and religious institutions. The satirist’s task had been made that much easier, since travel accounts minutely described the religious and secular institutions of Asia and marked analogies to European systems of rule. -
Poetry for the People
06-0001 ETF_33_43 12/14/05 4:07 PM Page 33 U.S. Poet Laureates P OETRY 1937–1941 JOSEPH AUSLANDER FOR THE (1897–1965) 1943–1944 ALLEN TATE (1899–1979) P EOPLE 1944–1945 ROBERT PENN WARREN (1905–1989) 1945–1946 LOUISE BOGAN (1897–1970) 1946–1947 KARL SHAPIRO BY (1913–2000) K ITTY J OHNSON 1947–1948 ROBERT LOWELL (1917–1977) HE WRITING AND READING OF POETRY 1948–1949 “ LEONIE ADAMS is the sharing of wonderful discoveries,” according to Ted Kooser, U.S. (1899–1988) TPoet Laureate and winner of the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. 1949–1950 Poetry can open our eyes to new ways of looking at experiences, emo- ELIZABETH BISHOP tions, people, everyday objects, and more. It takes us on voyages with poetic (1911–1979) devices such as imagery, metaphor, rhythm, and rhyme. The poet shares ideas 1950–1952 CONRAD AIKEN with readers and listeners; readers and listeners share ideas with each other. And (1889–1973) anyone can be part of this exchange. Although poetry is, perhaps wrongly, often 1952 seen as an exclusive domain of a cultured minority, many writers and readers of WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS (1883–1963) poetry oppose this stereotype. There will likely always be debates about how 1956–1958 transparent, how easy to understand, poetry should be, and much poetry, by its RANDALL JARRELL very nature, will always be esoteric. But that’s no reason to keep it out of reach. (1914–1965) Today’s most honored poets embrace the idea that poetry should be accessible 1958–1959 ROBERT FROST to everyone. -
The Nation Between Utopia and Art: Canonizing Dionysios Solomos As The
15 The nation between utopia and art: canonizing Dionysios Solomos as the ‘national poet’ of Greece Vassiliki Dimoula Perhaps the most controversial element in the work of Dionysios Solomos, the ‘national poet’ of Greece, is his nationalism. My aim in what follows will be to discuss a contrastive relationship between the utopian element in Solomos’s national poetry and his canonization as the ‘national poet’ of Greece. The tension between Solomos’s work and its reception has recently been discussed by Giorgos Veloudis from the point of view of the appropriation of Solomos for the needs of Greek ‘national ideology’ (Veloudis 2004). By contrast, my own focus here will be on the ideologization of the aesthetic dimension of Solomos’s work in the course of his canonization as the leading figure of Greek national literature. Although I will not discuss the poet’s reception in any detail, my points of reference will be Iakovos Polylas and Kostis Palamas. The social‑imaginary institution of the nation is by definition ideological; it constitutes ‘a social reality whose very existence implies the non‑knowledge of its participants as to its essence’ (Žižek 1995, 2, cited in Gourgouris 1996, 26). In order to justify my discussion of it as a ‘utopia’ in the poetic work of Solomos, I will refer to the transcendental poetics of his time, Dimoula as well as to modern theorizations of utopia, with particular emphasis on the notion of ‘negative utopianism’ suggested by Theodor Adorno.1 Veloudis, in his recent book (2004), provides a detailed account of Solomos’s appropriation by Greek ‘national ideology’, which was based on a politically motivated distortion of his work.2 The ‘nationalization’ of Solomos in the course of his multifaceted reception obscured the initial, historically very specific grounds of his canonization as ‘the national poet’ of Greece by the Heptanesians. -
Journal of American Science 2013;9(11S)
Journal of American Science 2013;9(11s) http://www.jofamericanscience.org The Role of Molana Yaghoob Charcki In The Cevelopment of Persianliteratuer and Language Search and Authorship: Nader Karimian Sardashti, Ali Ahmadalizadeh The Faculty of Tourism, Handicraft, Cultural Heritage of Search in statute, Tehran, Iran Research Organization and Curriculum Development, Ministry of Education, Tehran, Iran [email protected] Abstract: Iran,s Literature History, and Also Language and Persian Literature on Its Path of own Evolution, Has Passed of Several Stages. This Scientific and Cultural movement at Global Literature Level in Iran and Islamic Worl, Majority of it Has Begun With Sufism,s Literature, Which in the next centuries could Display the most Brilliant cultural aspects of Persian and Iranian Literature. After forming sufi order and Mysticism, Which are the famous dynasty, Sufism,s Literature in Persian language found an especial place. Since, The Grand and Famous danstyes of world Sufism and mysticism like “Sohrevardieh”, “Kebroieh”, “Ghaderieh”, “Naghsbandieh”, “Molavieh”, “Cheshtieh”, “Norbakhshieh”, “Zahabieh”, and “Nematholahieh” are Established in culturl Iran, or Their founders and Remarkable Characters have been Iranian and Persian language, After a few centuries of Islamic civilization and Sufism,s exaltation by persons as “Bayazid”, “Bastami”, “Abolhassan kharghant”, “Abosaied Abolkhier”, “Abolghasem ghashiri”, “Khajeh abdollah ansari”, “Aboleshagh kazerony”, and “Ahmad Jam”, “Sanaie”, “Atar”, “Emam Ghazali”, “Shiekh Ahmad -
Riddles in Hinduism
Bharat Ratna Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar "Father Of Indian Constitution" India’s first Law Minister Architect of the Constitution of India ii http://www.ambedkar.org Born April 14, 1891, Mhow, India Died Dec. 6, 1956, New Delhi Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, was the first Minister of Law soon after the Independence of India in 1947 and was the Chairman of the drafting committee for the Constitution of India As such he was chiefly responsible for drafting of The Constitution of India. Ambedkar was born on the 14 th April, 1891. After graduating from Elphinstone College, Bombay in 1912, he joined Columbia University, USA where he was awarded Ph.D. Later he joined the London School of Economics & obtained a degree of D.Sc. ( Economics) and was called to the Bar from Gray's Inn. He returned to India in 1923 and started the 'Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha' for the education and economic improvement of the lower classes from where he came. One of the greatest contributions of Dr. Ambedkar was in respect of Fundamental Rights & Directive Principles of State Policy enshrined in the Constitution of India. The Fundamental Rights provide for freedom, equality, and abolition of Untouchability & remedies to ensure the enforcement of rights. The Directive Principles enshrine the broad guiding principles for securing fair distribution of wealth & better living conditions. On the 14 th October, 1956, Babasaheb Ambedkar a scholar in Hinduism embraced Buddhism. He continued the crusade for social revolution until the end of his life on the 6th December 1956. He was honoured with the highest national honour, 'Bharat Ratna' in April 1990 . -
LIBRARY of CONGRESS MAGAZINE MARCH/APRIL 2015 Poetry Nation
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS MAGAZINE MARCH/APRIL 2015 poetry nation INSIDE Rosa Parks and the Struggle for Justice A Powerful Poem of Racial Violence PLUS Walt Whitman’s Words American Women Poets How to Read a Poem WWW.LOC.GOV In This Issue MARCH/APRIL 2015 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS MAGAZINE FEATURES Library of Congress Magazine Vol. 4 No. 2: March/April 2015 Mission of the Library of Congress The Power of a Poem 8 Billie Holiday’s powerful ballad about racial violence, “Strange Fruit,” The mission of the Library is to support the was written by a poet whose works are preserved at the Library. Congress in fulfilling its constitutional duties and to further the progress of knowledge and creativity for the benefit of the American people. National Poets 10 For nearly 80 years the Library has called on prominent poets to help Library of Congress Magazine is issued promote poetry. bimonthly by the Office of Communications of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and Beyond the Bus 16 The Rosa Parks Collection at the Library sheds new light on the research institutions, donors, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in remarkable life of the renowned civil rights activist. 6 the United States. Research institutions and Walt Whitman educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive Library of Congress Magazine on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library’s Director for Acquisitions and Bibliographic Access, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. LCM is also available on the web at www.loc.gov/lcm. -
The Great 'Umar Khayyam
The Great ‘Umar Khayyam Great The IRANIAN IRANIAN SERIES SERIES The Rubáiyát by the Persian poet ‘Umar Khayyam (1048-1131) have been used in contemporary Iran as resistance literature, symbolizing the THE GREAT secularist voice in cultural debates. While Islamic fundamentalists criticize ‘UMAR KHAYYAM Khayyam as an atheist and materialist philosopher who questions God’s creation and the promise of reward or punishment in the hereafter, some A GLOBAL RECEPTION OF THE RUBÁIYÁT secularist intellectuals regard him as an example of a scientist who scrutinizes the mysteries of the universe. Others see him as a spiritual A.A. Seyed-Gohrab (ed.) master, a Sufi, who guides people to the truth. This remarkable volume collects eighteen essays on the history of the reception of ‘Umar Khayyam in various literary traditions, exploring how his philosophy of doubt, carpe diem, hedonism, and in vino veritas has inspired generations of poets, novelists, painters, musicians, calligraphers and filmmakers. ‘This is a volume which anybody interested in the field of Persian Studies, or in a study of ‘Umar Khayyam and also Edward Fitzgerald, will welcome with much satisfaction!’ Christine Van Ruymbeke, University of Cambridge Ali-Asghar Seyed-Gohrab is Associate Professor of Persian Literature and Culture at Leiden University. A.A. Seyed-Gohrab (ed.) A.A. Seyed-Gohrab WWW.LUP.NL 9 789087 281571 LEIDEN UNIVERSITY PRESS The Great <Umar Khayyæm Iranian Studies Series The Iranian Studies Series publishes high-quality scholarship on various aspects of Iranian civilisation, covering both contemporary and classical cultures of the Persian cultural area. The contemporary Persian-speaking area includes Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Central Asia, while classi- cal societies using Persian as a literary and cultural language were located in Anatolia, Caucasus, Central Asia and the Indo-Pakistani subcontinent.