DOCSLIB.ORG

UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Contending with illness in ancient Egypt: A textual and osteological study of health care at Deir el-Medina Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rw1m0cz Author Austin, Anne Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Contending with illness in ancient Egypt: A textual and osteological study of health care at Deir el-Medina A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Archaeology By Anne Eliese Austin 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Contending with illness in ancient Egypt: A textual and osteological study of health care at Deir el-Medina by Anne Eliese Austin Doctor of Philosophy in Archaeology University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor Willeke Wendrich, Chair Archaeologists primarily address disease, illness, and health through biological studies of human remains. These studies convey physical suffering in the past, but without broader social context, they do not document how culture responds to illness. As a result, we lack explanations for the relationship between physiological health and social health care. To resolve this problem, it is necessary to develop a model for an archaeological investigation of health care that incorporates both biological and social factors to analyze not only how individuals died, but also what factors helped them to survive in the past. This dissertation acts as a case study for an archaeology of health care through an investigation of the ancient Egyptian village of Deir el-Medina, the home of the workmen who built the royal tombs during the New Kingdom (1550 BCE-1080 BCE). I ii use an interdisciplinary approach that combines texts from the site with osteological data from the villagers’ skeletal remains in order to document both the major stresses on health at the site and Deir el-Medina’s health care networks. I accomplish this through a bioarchaeological analysis of health using the systemic stress model. Comparisons between Deir el-Medina and other sites in Egypt as well as broader sites in the Western Hemisphere Project show that health was relatively high at Deir el-Medina, but that infectious disease and occupational stress were primary factors impacting the villagers’ health. The villagers at Deir el-Medina utilized a complex health care system in order to respond to these stresses. The ancient Egyptian government provided rations for medical professionals and subsidized sick leave for the workmen. These medical professionals would have used a logic of contamination to explain the transmission of disease and treat illnesses. In conjunction with this, personal networks involving reciprocal caretaking between colleagues and close family members ensured the sick had provisions and nursing. This research offers evidence for one of the world’s oldest documented health care systems. It demonstrates how illnesses were perceived and treated in ancient Egypt, and finally, it offers a model for an archaeology of health care. iii The dissertation of Anne Eliese Austin is approved. Kathlyn M. Cooney John K. Papadopoulos Gail E. Kennedy Jerome C. Rose Willemina Z. Wendrich, Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2014 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Research Problem ...............................................................................................................1 1.2 Research Purpose ...............................................................................................................3 1.3 Historical Context and Suitability of Deir el-Medina for a Study on Health .........4 1.4 Scope and Limitations of this Study ..............................................................................7 1.5 Disciplinary Context and Research Significance .........................................................8 1.6 Dissertation Organization ............................................................................................. 11 1.7 Notes on Translation ...................................................................................................... 14 2 A Theoretical Framework for Accessing Health in the Past .......................................... 17 2.1 Defining Health ................................................................................................................ 18 2.2 Theoretical Models of Health and Health Care ......................................................... 19 2.3 Models of Health Care .................................................................................................... 22 2.4 Identifying Health and Health Care in Archaeology ................................................ 26 2.5 Identifying Health in Bioarchaeology .......................................................................... 28 2.6 Health and the Systemic Stress Model in Bioarchaeology ...................................... 29 2.7 Linking Biological and Social Models of Health at Deir el-medina ....................... 33 3 The Ancient Egyptian Medical System................................................................................ 36 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 36 3.2 Previous Research on the Egyptian Theory of Disease Transmission ................. 37 3.3 Materials ............................................................................................................................ 38 3.3.1 The Oracular Amuletic Decrees ............................................................................ 39 3.3.2 The Medical Papyri .................................................................................................. 41 v 3.4 Causative Disease Agents in the Oracular Amuletic Decrees ................................ 42 3.4.1 Deities ......................................................................................................................... 43 3.4.2 Demons ...................................................................................................................... 46 3.4.3 Foreign Magicians .................................................................................................... 49 3.4.4 Poisonous Animals .................................................................................................. 50 3.4.5 The Spirits of the Dead ........................................................................................... 51 3.4.6 Internal Corruption ................................................................................................. 52 3.5 Contamination: A Logic to Disease in Ancient Egypt .............................................. 54 3.6 Ancient Egyptian Medicine as a Response to Contamination ............................... 56 3.6.1 Defining Medicine .................................................................................................... 56 3.6.2 The Medical Process ................................................................................................ 59 3.7 Medical Texts from Deir el-Medina ............................................................................. 66 3.7.1 Medical Handbooks at Deir el-Medina ................................................................ 67 3.7.2 Medical Ostraca ........................................................................................................ 69 3.7.3 Illnesses attested at Deir el-Medina ..................................................................... 73 3.7.4 Amulets at Deir el-Medina ..................................................................................... 75 3.8 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 79 4 Health Care Networks at Deir el-Medina ............................................................................ 81 4.1 Professional, Folk, and Popular Care Sectors at Deir el-Medina ........................... 82 4.2 Professional and Folk Medical Practitioners ............................................................. 83 4.2.1 Swnw ........................................................................................................................... 84 4.2.2 Texts referencing the swnw at Deir el-Medina .................................................... 86 4.2.3 State and Private Payments to the swnw .............................................................. 87 vi 4.2.4 Duration of Services by the swnw .......................................................................... 90 4.2.5 Patients of the swnw ................................................................................................. 92 4.2.6 Individuals Identified as the swnw at Deir el-Medina ....................................... 92 4.3 The Scorpion Charmer ................................................................................................... 93 4.3.1 Texts with the Title of the Scorpion Charmer ................................................... 94 4.3.2 Payment of the Scorpion Charmer ....................................................................... 95 4.3.3 Responsibilities of the Scorpion Charmer ......................................................... 96 4.4 The Wise
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Canaan Or Gaza?
    Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections Pa-Canaan in the Egyptian New Kingdom: Canaan or Gaza? Michael G. Hasel Institute of Archaeology, Southern Adventist University A&564%'6 e identification of the geographical name “Canaan” continues to be widely debated in the scholarly literature. Cuneiform sources om Mari, Amarna, Ugarit, Aššur, and Hattusha have been discussed, as have Egyptian sources. Renewed excavations in North Sinai along the “Ways of Horus” have, along with recent scholarly reconstructions, refocused attention on the toponyms leading toward and culminating in the arrival to Canaan. is has led to two interpretations of the Egyptian name Pa-Canaan: it is either identified as the territory of Canaan or the city of Gaza. is article offers a renewed analysis of the terms Canaan, Pa-Canaan, and Canaanite in key documents of the New Kingdom, with limited attention to parallels of other geographical names, including Kharu, Retenu, and Djahy. It is suggested that the name Pa-Canaan in Egyptian New Kingdom sources consistently refers to the larger geographical territory occupied by the Egyptians in Asia. y the 1960s, a general consensus had emerged regarding of Canaan varied: that it was a territory in Asia, that its bound - the extent of the land of Canaan, its boundaries and aries were fluid, and that it also referred to Gaza itself. 11 He Bgeographical area. 1 The primary sources for the recon - concludes, “No wonder that Lemche’s review of the evidence struction of this area include: (1) the Mari letters, (2) the uncovered so many difficulties and finally led him to conclude Amarna letters, (3) Ugaritic texts, (4) texts from Aššur and that Canaan was a vague term.” 12 Hattusha, and (5) Egyptian texts and reliefs.
    [Show full text]
  • Undergraduate Journal of Middle East Studies University of Toronto Undergraduate Journal of Middle East Studies
    university of toronto of toronto university studies east middle of journal undergraduate 7 issue undergraduate journal of middle east studies ISSUE 7—2014 UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO University of Toronto Undergraduate Journal of Middle East Studies A publication of the University of Toronto Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations Students’ Union ISSUE 7, 2013-2014 UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO Cover photo by Shirin Shahidi Jameh Mosque, Isfahan (December 2012) Please address all inquiries, comments, and subscription requests to: University of Toronto Undergraduate Journal of Middle East Studies c/o Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations Students’ Union Bancroft Building, 2nd Floor 4 Bancroft Avenue Toronto, ON Canada M5S 1C1 [email protected] ISSN 1710-4920 Copyright © 2014 University of Toronto Undergraduate Journal of Middle East Studies A note from the editors 3 It is with great privilege and honour that we present to you the undergraduate journal of middle east studies seventh edition of the Undergraduate Journal of Middle East Studies. This year, our Journal celebrates ten years of excellence in writing and research in the field of Middle East studies. For this occasion, our team has taken the initiative of reviving the original format and design of the Journal which has proven to be a challenging but rewarding task. Since its inception in 2004, editors have striven to provide an academic forum for undergraduate students to engage in scholarly discussion regarding a region that is often discussed but seldom understood. As in previous issues, our authors seek to present readers with diverse perspectives upon the Middle East, echoing our Journal’s mandate: to depict a non-monolithic portrait of the region.
    [Show full text]
  • In Ancient Egypt
    THE ROLE OF THE CHANTRESS ($MW IN ANCIENT EGYPT SUZANNE LYNN ONSTINE A thesis submined in confonnity with the requirements for the degm of Ph.D. Graduate Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civiliations University of Toronto %) Copyright by Suzanne Lynn Onstine (200 1) . ~bsPdhorbasgmadr~ exclusive liceacc aiiowhg the ' Nationai hiof hada to reproduce, loan, distnia sdl copies of this thesis in miaof#m, pspa or elccmnic f-. L'atm criucrve la propri&C du droit d'autear qui protcge cette thtse. Ni la thèse Y des extraits substrrntiets deceMne&iveatetreimprimCs ouraitnmcrtrepoduitssanssoai aut&ntiom The Role of the Chmaes (fm~in Ancient Emt A doctorai dissertacion by Suzanne Lynn On*, submitted to the Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations, University of Toronto, 200 1. The specitic nanire of the tiUe Wytor "cimûes", which occurrPd fcom the Middle Kingdom onwatd is imsiigated thrwgh the use of a dalabase cataloging 861 woinen whheld the title. Sorting the &ta based on a variety of delails has yielded pattern regatding their cbnological and demographical distribution. The changes in rhe social status and numbers of wbmen wbo bore the Weindicale that the Egyptians perceivecl the role and ams of the titk âiffefcntiy thugh tirne. Infomiation an the tities of ihe chantressw' family memkrs bas ailowed the author to make iderences cawming llse social status of the mmen who heu the title "chanms". MiMid Kingdom tifle-holders wverc of modest backgrounds and were quite rare. Eighteenth DMasty women were of the highest ranking families. The number of wamen who held the titk was also comparatively smaii, Nimeenth Dynasty women came [rom more modesi backgrounds and were more nwnennis.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Thoughts on Religious Change at Deir El-Medina
    SOME THOUGHTS ON RELIGIOUS CHANGE AT DEIR EL-MEDINA Cathleen Keller University of California, Berkeley It gives me very great pleasure to contribute ticular, have met with some success: Baraize’s to a volume in honor of Richard Fazzini, a excavations in the Ptolemaic temple area;5 the fellow Egyptomania enthusiast and aficionado of clearance of the “oratorio” sacred to Ptah and ancient Thebes. I feel reasonably certain that Meretseger;6 Davies’ investigation of the “high the characters mentioned in this paper, though place,” situated above the path between Deir el- residents of the Western Side, were as familiar as Medina and the Valley of the Kings,7 and the he with the Temple of Mut at Karnak. Italian, German and French excavations of the The title of Keith Hopkins’s recent work on village itself, have yielded up some in situ ma- the religions of the Hellenistic Mediterranean, A terial.8 In addition to general surveys of reli- World Full of Gods,1 aptly describes the religious life gious cult and practice at Deir el-Medina,9 reli- of the workmen of Deir el-Medina as well. From gious studies of the Deir el-Medina “pantheon” the inception of the study of this organization, have frequently focused on individual deities, no- the votive monuments of the sdm.w-#sˇ m s.t-M3#.t tably the deified Amenhotep I10 and Ahmose- ¯ have attracted the attention of scholars.2 The Nefertari11 and Meretseger.12 Others, however, re- sheer quantity of the monuments, as well as the main understudied, including Hathor, the dedica- variety of the deities depicted3 (a list that includes tee of Deir el-Medina’s major sanctuary, and her divinities of both indigenous and foreign origin), interaction with her local sister-divinities, such as has led to their being used to illustrate general Meretseger and Henutimentet.
    [Show full text]
  • Cvmanning 2013
    JOSEPH GILBERT MANNING [email protected] Yale University Department of Classics Department of History 311 Phelps Hall 344 College Ave New Haven, CT 06520 Tel: (203) 432-0989 Academic Degrees 1992 Ph.D. The University of Chicago, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations (Egyptology) 1985 A.M. The University of Chicago, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations (Egyptology) 1981 B.A The Ohio State University, Department of Art History (Honors, Medieval Architectural History) Professional Career 2009- Yale University, The William Kelly and Marilyn Milton Simpson Professor of Classics and History 2008- Yale University, Professor of Classics & Ancient History, Departments of Classics and History 2008- Yale Law School, Senior Research Scholar 1996-2008 Stanford University, Assistant to Associate Professor, Department of Classics 1993-1996 Princeton University, Assistant Professor, Department of Classics Curriculum Vitae J.G. Manning 1992-1993 The University of Chicago, Lecturer, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, and The Social Sciences Collegiate Division Honors/Fellowships/Short-term Appointments/Grants 2013-2015 Fellow, Whitney Humanities Center, Yale University 2012 Visiting Professor and FIRST Scholar, The University of Colorado-Boulder Visiting Professor, University College London, UCL-Yale History Departments collaboration project 2011 École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales/Paris School of Economics, Paris, Visiting Professor 2008 Loeb Classical Library Foundation, Harvard University Research grant ($10,000) to support the Ptolemais survey project 2007 The University of Pennsylvania The Hyde Lecturer, Graduate Group in Ancient History 2006 École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris, Visiting Professor 2005 École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris, Visiting Professor 2005 Keio University, Tokyo.
    [Show full text]
  • Egyptian Religion a Handbook
    A HANDBOOK OF EGYPTIAN RELIGION A HANDBOOK OF EGYPTIAN RELIGION BY ADOLF ERMAN WITH 130 ILLUSTRATIONS Published in tile original German edition as r handbook, by the Ge:r*rm/?'~?~~ltunf of the Berlin Imperial Morcums TRANSLATED BY A. S. GRIFFITH LONDON ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE & CO. LTD. '907 Itic~mnoCLAY B 80~8,L~~II'ED BRIIO 6Tllll&I "ILL, E.C., AY" DUN,I*Y, RUFIOLP. ; ,, . ,ill . I., . 1 / / ., l I. - ' PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION THEvolume here translated appeared originally in 1904 as one of the excellent series of handbooks which, in addition to descriptive catalogues, are ~rovidedby the Berlin Museums for the guida,nce of visitors to their great collections. The haud- book of the Egyptian Religion seemed cspecially worthy of a wide circulation. It is a survey by the founder of the modern school of Egyptology in Germany, of perhaps tile most interest- ing of all the departments of this subject. The Egyptian religion appeals to some because of its endless variety of form, and the many phases of superstition and belief that it represents ; to others because of its early recognition of a high moral principle, its elaborate conceptions of a life aftcr death, and its connection with the development of Christianity; to others again no doubt because it explains pretty things dear to the collector of antiquities, and familiar objects in museums. Professor Erman is the first to present the Egyptian religion in historical perspective; and it is surely a merit in his worlc that out of his profound knowledge of the Egyptian texts, he permits them to tell their own tale almost in their own words, either by extracts or by summaries.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Approach to the Interpretation As to the Function of the Elevated Beds Discovered at Deir El-Medina
    A NEW APPROACH OF IDENTIFING THE FUNCTION OF THE ELEVATED BEDS AT DEIR EL-MEDINA by MICHELLE LESLEY BROOKER A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the Degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY (B) Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity The University of Birmingham 11/06/09 June 2009 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This research consists of a different approach to the investigation of the elevated beds at Deir el-Medina. It identifies the underlining factors considered during their construction, where they were positioned, how they were orientated and what the surviving iconographies suggested about their original usage. It concludes with identifying the front rooms at Deir el-Medina as gardens. The frontal room is where the elevated beds were positioned and therefore link to the gardens symbolic meaning of resurrection and the afterlife. The elevated beds were orientated to symbolize the deceases’ connection with Re and Osiris. It also signifies a change after the Amarna period with an influx in Osiris worship. The iconographies surviving upon the elevated beds convey the deceased being reborn within the field of reeds signifying that the elevated beds were possibly used for altar purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Problems in Athenian Democracy 510-480 BC Exiles
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1971 Problems in Athenian Democracy 510-480 B. C. Exiles: A Case of Political Irrationality Peter Karavites Loyola University Chicago Recommended Citation Karavites, Peter, "Problems in Athenian Democracy 510-480 B. C. Exiles: A Case of Political Irrationality" (1971). Dissertations. Paper 1192. http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/1192 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1971 Peter. Karavites PROBLEMS IN ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY 510-480 B.C. EXILES A Case of Political Irrationality A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty o! the Department of History of Loyola University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy b;y Peter Karavites ?ROBLEt'.n IN ATP.EHIA:rT n:s::ocRACY 5'10-480 n.c. EXIL:ffi: A case in Politioal Irrationality Peter·KARAVIT~ Ph.D. Loyola UniVGl'Sity, Chicago, 1971 This thesis is m attempt to ev"aluate the attitude of the Athenian demos during the tormative years of the Cleisthenian democracy. The dissertation tries to trace the events of the period from the mpul­ sion of Hippian to the ~ttle of Sal.amis. Ma.tural.ly no strict chronological sequence can be foll.amtd.. The events are known to us only f'ragmen~. some additional archaeological Wormation has trickled dcmn to us 1n the last tro decad.all 11h1ch shed light on the edating historical data prO\Tided ma:1nly by Herodotus md Arletotle.
    [Show full text]
  • A Portrait of Ancient Egyptian Common Life: the Cycle of Order and Chaos in the Tale of Sinuhe
    Studia Antiqua Volume 8 Number 1 Article 6 April 2010 A Portrait of Ancient Egyptian Common Life: The Cycle of Order and Chaos in The Tale of Sinuhe Courtney Dotson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/studiaantiqua Part of the Classics Commons, and the History Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Dotson, Courtney. "A Portrait of Ancient Egyptian Common Life: The Cycle of Order and Chaos in The Tale of Sinuhe." Studia Antiqua 8, no. 1 (2010). https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/studiaantiqua/vol8/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Studia Antiqua by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. A Portrait OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN COMMON LIfe: The Cycle of Order and Chaos in THE TALE OF SINUHE Courtney Dotson entered in Egypt’s literary history is the theme of order and chaos, usually shown on a grand scale in connection with the gods, the king or the physicalC land of Egypt. These themes of stability and mayhem are portrayed throughout the Middle Kingdom classic poem The Tale of Sinuhe. Yet the purpose of the tale is not to give mythological or a philosophical account of these themes. Instead it gives the story of a man, Sinuhe, who experiences the cycle of order and turmoil in his life. The author uses mainstream Egyptian ideology and imagery to thematically expound upon these cycles and how they were experienced by the common ancient Egyptian.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion and Politics in Ancient Egypt
    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES ISSN Print: 2156-1540, ISSN Online: 2151-1559, doi:10.5251/ajsms.2012.3.3.93.98 © 2012, ScienceHuβ, http://www.scihub.org/AJSMS Religion and politics in ancient Egypt Etim E. Okon Ph.D. Department of Religious and Cultural Studies, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria. ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to examine the pervasive influence of religion on politics in a monarchical ancient African kingdom. After a critical reflection on the mythology and cultus of the Sun-God, the apotheosis of the Pharaoh and the cult of the dead in ancient Egyptian society, it was found that religion was indispensable in ancient Egypt. Religion and politics in ancient Egyptian society were inseparable. Ancient Egyptians were incurably religious. Social and political life was a religious phenomenon. The king of Egypt, Pharaoh was not only despotic, but comprehensively authoritarian. Ancient Egyptian society was a monarchy. The idea of democracy was unknown in ancient Egypt. Key words: Religion and Politics in Ancient Egypt; Egypt and the Sun-God; Egyptian Mythology; INTRODUCTION differences. It is also evident that even though the god – Ra, was known by seventy-five different Religion was the dominant social force in ancient names, very few of the hundreds of deities were Egypt. Religious influence was pervasive affecting worshiped nationally. The most influential pantheon almost everything. Egyptian religion developed from was made up of the trinity – Osiris, Isis (his wife), and simple polytheism to philosophic monotheism, with Horus (his son). Egyptians also worshiped the every community having a guardian deity which “cosmic” gods under the leadership of Ra, the sun- personified the powers of nature.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Scènes De Gynécées' Figured Ostraca from New Kingdom Egypt: Iconography and Intent
    ‘Scènes de Gynécées’ Figured Ostraca from New Kingdom Egypt: iconography and intent Joanne Backhouse Archaeopress Egyptology 26 Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978-1-78969-345-4 ISBN 978-1-78969-346-1 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and Joanne Backhouse 2020 Cover image: Drawing on limestone. WoB.36: Louvre E 14337 (photograph by Joanne Backhouse). All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by Severn, Gloucester This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................................................ iv General Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................................ vii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................................viii Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1 Deir el-Medina:
    [Show full text]
  • Egypt's Hieroglyphs Contain a Cultural Memory of Creation and Noah's Flood
    The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism Volume 7 Article 36 2013 Egypt's Hieroglyphs Contain a Cultural Memory of Creation and Noah's Flood Gavin M. Cox Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings DigitalCommons@Cedarville provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journals do not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of DigitalCommons@Cedarville, the Centennial Library, or Cedarville University and its employees. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their work. Please address questions to [email protected]. Browse the contents of this volume of The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism. Recommended Citation Cox, Gavin M. (2013) "Egypt's Hieroglyphs Contain a Cultural Memory of Creation and Noah's Flood," The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 7 , Article 36. Available at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings/vol7/iss1/36 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Creationism. Pittsburgh, PA: Creation Science Fellowship EGYPT'S HIEROGLYPHS CONTAIN CULTURAL MEMORIES OF CREATION AND NOAH'S FLOOD Gavin M. Cox, BA Hons (Theology, LBC). 26 The Firs Park, Bakers Hill, Exeter, Devon, UK, EX2 9TD. KEYWORDS: Flood, onomatology, eponym, Hermopolitan Ogdoad, Edfu, Heliopolis, Memphis, Hermopolis, Ennead, determinative, ideograph, hieroglyphic, Documentary Hypothesis (DH). ABSTRACT A survey of standard Egyptian Encyclopedias and earliest mythology demonstrates Egyptian knowledge of Creation and the Flood consistent with the Genesis account.
    [Show full text]