22696 CONGRESSIO~AL JlECQ;RD - HOUSE September 24 for 1 minute and to revise and extend my Today, we are deeply indebted to Capt. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES remarks. - Finn Ronne for our knowledge of the The SPEAKER. Is there objection Antarctic. His six expeditions there, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1964 to the request of the gentleman from with their observations and mapping, The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Indiana? have done much to remove the mystery The Reverend Father Robert E. There was no objection. of the polar region. His studies have Brengartner, senior Catholic chaplain, Mr. ROUSH. Mr. Speaker, Indiana simplified the work of all that follow. National Naval Medical Center, Be­ Republicans, including Lieutenant Gov­ My very good friend, Dr. James E. thesda, Md., offered the following prayer: ernor Ristine, the distinguished minority Mooney, the U.S. Antarctic Projects Offi­ leader and the candidate for Congress cer, is a man who is responsible for our Let us pray. In the name of the from the Fifth District, are so deter­ present Antarctic research and is as Father and of the Son and of the Holy mined that Indiana will not have a Na­ knowledgeable about the problems as Spirit. Almighty God, as we pause at tional Dunes Park that they are placing anyone in this country. Jim Mooney this moment to invoke Your blessing, may in jeopardy the construction of a public has often told me that our Antarctic we realize the career of these United port on the Indiana .shores of Lake Michi­ effort would not be half so advanced were States cannot be measured by that of any gan. By opposing the Port-Dunes Park it not for Captain Ronne's accomplish­ other people of whom history gives ac­ compromise they are resurrecting bar­ ments. count. Christianity, civilization, and the riers which have been cleared for the No man knows what importance the arts given to a continent, present great­ construction of the port. For the past continent of Antarctica may assume in ness to which the ancient empires at the several years the chief obstacle to the the future; but whatever that impor­ height of their glory cannot be com­ construction of the port has been the op- . tance, the name of Finn Ronne will loom pared. position of conservationists and conser­ large. Bless us, Lord, with an appreciation of vation-minded organizations who sin­ Mr. Speaker, the presentation remarks our Nation, the enjoyment of social con­ cerely believed that the Dunes Park of Secretary Nitze, the words of the cita­ ditions and freedom nowhere known to should take precedence. To me the port tion, and the acceptance speech of Cap­ such an extent. Grant, Lord, that we was of primary importance for I believe tain Ronne follow herewith: may never undervalue these treasures, that its construction would mean that REMARKS OF THE HONORABLE PAUL H. NITZE, and in particular that of free delibera­ Indiana would not only survive the eco­ THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, UPON THE tion in this Congress of the United nomic struggle but that she would take PRESENTATION OF THE LEGION OF MERIT TO States. To these Representatives of ours, her place as one of the leading industrial CAPT. FINN RONNE, U.S. NAVAL RESERVE O Lord, give wisdom and courage to ful­ States of this Nation. The loyalty of (RETIRED) fill the high purposes for which they the opposition to ·this cause, lead by a · Captain Ronne, Mrs. Ronne, distinguished were chosen, seeking the welfare of all guests, the age of the individual explorer­ distinguished Member of the other body, of the pioneer who single-handedly organized people through a just and lasting peace, was no less pronounced than my resent­ desiring happiness for the humblest exploratory expeditions and led them to the ment to the interference in the business farthest reaches of the earth-is rapidly pass­ family and for the homes of the mighty. of progress in Indiana. But that argu­ ing. Great Antarctic explorers like Amund­ Fortify them in the practice of morality ment and that conflict is now a thing of sen, Scott, Shakelton, Byrd, and Ronne have and piety without which social happi­ the past and the opposition to the port, opened the way for the massive national ness cannot exist nor the blessings of a again led by the distinguished Senator and international assaults on the continent free government be enjoyed. of Antarctica which are now underway. The from Illinois, has agreed to a compromise fine work which was accomplished in Antarc­ To that end we acknowledge Your which would permit plans for the port divine power controlling the destinies of tica by many nations during the Internation­ to continue and which would at the same al Geophysical Year, and the progress which our Nation and Your divine goodness we time permit over 10,000 acres to be set is now being made there under the terms of adore. Amen. aside as a National Dunes Park. I urge the 12-nation Antarctic Treaty, would have been impossible had it not been for the cour­ these Republican leaders to temper their age and indomitable spirit of men such as THE JOURNAL opposition and if possible forget it. I am these. The Journal of the proceedings of anxious that the bipartisan support Today we honor one of the greatest Antarc­ yesterday was read and approved. which the Indiana port has enjoyed for tic explorers of them all-Capt. Finn Ronne. years be continued and that together we Captain Ronne has participated in a total of might realize this dream we have for In­ six journeys to Antarctica, including Admiral diana. To continue their adamant and Byrd's famous expedition of 1933 through DISTRICT DAY BILLS TRANSFERRED 1935. In 1946, in the face of great obstacles, TO TUESDAY NEXT unreasonable attitude can only endanger he launched his own expedition. He obtained Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask the fulfillment of our dream. It can only congressional approval for the loan of a small be interpreted as evidence of Republican Navy ship, borrowed some modest aircraft unanimous consent that it may be in opposition to progress. from the Air Force, and solicited funds and order to call bills on the District Calendar equipment from universities and scientific on Tuesday of next week rather than organizations. Monday of next week. PRESENTATION OF THE LEGION OF With his small group of only 23 men, Cap­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection MERIT TO CAPT. FINN RONNE, tain Ronne sailed his 183-foot wooden ship to the request of the gentleman from ANTARCTIC EXPLORER to Marguerite Bay, Antarctica, where he was Oklahoma? frozen in for the winter. During the follow­ There was no objection. Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr. ing summer, he and his party performed Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to mapping and other scientific work and ob­ servations which have become a part of our address the House for 1 minute and to basic knowledge of Antarctica. The previ­ ADJUSTMENTS IN ANNUITIES UN­ revise and extend my remarks. ously unknown land which now formally ap­ DER THE FOREIGN SERVICE RE­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to pears as "Edith Ronne Land" on authorita­ TIREMENT AND DISABILITY SYS­ the request of the gentleman from South tive maps of Antarctica was named for his TEM Carolina? lovely wife. I should add that Mrs. Ronne There was no objection. and one other lady, who accompanied Cap­ Mr. HAYS submitted a conference re­ Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr. tain Ronne and his party of explorers, be­ port and statement on the bill (S. 745) Speaker, on September 9, 1964, the came the first women to winter over in to provide for adjustments in annuities Antarctica. · Legion of Merit was presented to one of Captain Ronne's work, achieved with under the Foreign Service retirement and the last of our great explorers. In the meager financial backing and limited equip­ disability system. case of Capt. Finn Ronne, this recogni­ ment, presaged the great steps which this tion was long overdue. Captain Ronne Nation and others have recently taken in has been one of those indomitable Ant­ Antarctica. We are greatful and proud, Cap­ INDIANA REPUBLICANS DETER­ arctic explorers in the tradition of tain Ronne, for the foundation of sound ac­ MINED THAT INDIANA WILL NOT Amundsen and Byrd. In fact, Captain complishment with which you and other HAVE A NATIONAL DUNES PARK great Antarctic explorers have provided us. Ronne first went to the Antarctic as a It is a distinct honor for me, on behalf of Mr. ROUSH. Mr. Speaker, I ask member of the famous Byrd expedition the President, to present to you the Legion unanimous consent to address the House of 1933-35. of Merit. 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 22697 . The citation follows: Just think of it-that same stretch of Ant­ which appeared in a newspaper in my "THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, arctic terrain was covered by Scott's party district published by Art L. Wallhausen, "Washington. of five men pulling their sledges 50 years editor of the Enterprise-Courier, which "The President of the United States takes ago; it did not take 3 hours, but more than reads as follows: pleasure in presenting the Legion of Merit to 60 days. As late as 1940, oii. the U.S. Antarc­ Capt. Finn Ronne, U.S. Naval Reserve (re­ tic Service Expedition, with my friend, the The following idea is presented to Mem-: tired) for service as set forth in the follow­ late Carl Eklund, we sledged almost 1,300 bers of Congress without· charge. Any one ing clta tion: miles in 84 days behind a pair of dog teams of the boys is welcome to steal it as is, or "For exceptionally meritorious conduct in and discovered unknown land in West An­ with amendments, but we do believe the the performance of outstanding services to tarctica. Even then, the dog teams had Nation would be better off if put into effect. the Government of the United States as or­ begun to give way to tractors and aircraft, We propose a constitutional amendment ganizer, leader, and pioneer in Antarctic ex­ which have made dogpower obsolete. which will automatically put Congress in ploration throughout a distinguished career On my own expedition 1946 to 1948 our recess at least 6 months before a national which encompassed six journeys to the Ant­ three small airplanes easily covered the un­ election. arctic, the first of which was with the Admiral explored areas south and west of the Wed­ During election years, and this year is no Byrd Expedition of 1933-35. A courageous, dell Sea in aerial photography and none of exception, most Congressmen do not vote resourceful, and determined leader, Captain the usual hardships of dog-team travel were their convictions, nor do they give serious Ronne has been directly responsible for a met. But, that expedition was undoubtedly. consideration to the national welfare. They vast accumulation of geographic and scien­ the last private one ever to venture to the are primarily interested in getting them­ tific knowledge culled from his several ex­ Antarctic. It was conducted for less than selves reelected, and to do that many are peditions to Antarctica. Particularly sig­ $50,000 in cash with some much needed and forced to go along with "administration nificant was the Ronne Antarctic Research greatly appreciated support from the m111- policy" even when such policy is contrary Expedition of 1946-48 which presaged the tary, including the loan of a small ship from to their own conviction, and the best inter­ swell1ng tide of America's quest for modern the Navy. It was at this time that my wife, est of their constituents. answers to ancient mysteries. During this Edith became the third member of the Ronne To prevent this ever-recurring fiasco,· we period, in the face of severe financial and ma­ family to spend a year on the Antarctic con­ propose a 6-month recess prior to November terial limitations, Captain Ronne led a small tinent. 3 (or the first Tuesday in November), each Antarctic expedition which delineated the Today, our American polar efforts are com­ election year. last unknown coastline in the world; con­ pletely supported by the Government. Where only a handful of men once struggled My only comment would be that if we ducted investigations in 11 branches of sci­ to ence; mapped known and previously un­ independently to wrestle secrets of nature at were have a constitutional amend­ known land totaling approximately 450,000 the ends of the earth, now, each year our ment I do not know whether it would be .square miles; discovered islands and moun­ Government sponsors the participation of followed or not, we violate so many tain ranges in the newly found land which thousands of men during the austral sum­ other parts of the Constitution around was called Edith Ronne Land; and identified mer months. Huge logistic task forces give here. But I would suggest that begin­ at least 100 new geographical features. support to many fields of scientific research, ning next session we introduce a sine Captain Ronne's distinguished and historic some of which the "oldtimers" initiated die resolution on the first day of the ses­ achievements in the field of polar explora­ years ago with crude equipment and inade­ sion, and then we would have a target tion reflect the highest credit upon himself quate support. and the U.S. naval service. The International Geophysical Year of date. "For the President. 1957-58 renewed interest in Antarctic "PAUL H. NrrzE, science and geography beyond the fondest LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM "Secretary of the Navy." dreams of the pioneers. Ellsworth Station, on the floating ice-shelf in the Weddell Sea, Mr. BYRNES of Wisconsin. Mr. REMARKS OF CAPT. FINN RONNE, U.S. NAVY where I was the first commanding officer and Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to (RETmED), ON HIS ACCEPTANCE OF THE LE­ also the scientific leader, was one of six U.S. address the House for 1 minute. GION OF MERIT Antarctic stations. In cooperation with The SPEAKER. Is there objection scientists from many nations at bases Mr. Secretary, on behalf of all who have throughout the continent we have continued to the request of the gentleman from helped me, I thank you, sir; I would like to to accumulate vast amounts of knowledge Wisconsin? make a few comments. as an everyday common procedure. As a There was no objection. As some of you know, I grew up in polar result, the remoteness of polar regions with Mr. BYRNES of Wisconsin. Mr. exploration because of my father's close as­ its historic dramatic adventure has faded Speaker, I take this time for the purpose sociation over two decades with the Nor­ somewhat. of inquiring of the majority leader as to wegian explorer Roald Amundsen; the one As the pioneering era ends in the Antarc­ who first sailed the Northwest Passage; who the program for the balance of this week tic, the continent will play an increasingly and the program for next week. first reached the South Pole in 1911; sailed important part in the future of the world, the Northeast Passage in 1919; and who not only in the scientific field, but in inter­ Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, in re­ viewed the North Pole from the air in 1925 national cooperation, air routes and outer sponse to the gentleman's question, there and 1926. Thus through the years I have space endeavors. Younger men must con­ is no legislative business for the balance followed the gradual progress of man's con­ tinue to work in these fields. If only a small of this week, and there will be no legisla­ quest of the unknown and knew many of oart of the efforts and lessons learned by the tive business on Monday. the great personalities who played the lead­ "oldtimers" have been put to use, the hard­ ing roles then, such as Nansen, Amundsen, On Tuesday a conference report on ships, hopes, sufferings, and incompleted the bill S. 745 providing for adjustments Lars Christensen, Sir Hubert W1llkins, Arc­ dreams of the pioneers will not have been in towski, Byrd, Lincoln Ellsworth, and Stef­ vain. in annuities under the Foreign Service ansson. Together, my father and I spanned We do not know what the Antarctic holds retirement and disability system will be half a century of active participation in polar in the future; but I feel certain that the called up for consideration. Also on exploration. I have witnessed the transition Navy wm continue to play a leading role. Tuesday under the unanimous-consent from the old-fashioned methods of travel on Again, Mr. Secretary, I wish to express my agreement heretofore obtained District the snowfields to the rapid transit tool of the hearty thanks and appreciation for the bills will be called up as follows: modern explorer. honor the Navy has bestowed upon me today. When I first went to the Antarctic in 1933, H.R. 11302, requiring premarital ex­ only the fringes of the Antarctic Continent aminations in the District of Columbia; were known with one narrow passage to the S. 1082, to establish a correctional in­ South Pole that marked the sledge tracks of RECESS IN ELECTION YEAR dustries fund for the government of the Amundsen and Scott. The rest of the Ant­ Mr. JONES of Missouri. · Mr. Speaker, District of Columbia; and arctic map was blank-unknown. Today, , I ask unanimous consent to address the s. 628; to amend the District of Colum­ practically every square mile of the continent House for 1 minute. has been seen by either the human eye or bia Redevelopment Act of 1945. camera, thanks in no Slllall measure to the The SPEAKER. Is there objection For Wednesday and the balance of the efforts of the U.S. Navy. to the request of the gentleman from week, the following bills will be consid­ Perhaps the greatest realization of the tre­ Missouri? ered: mendous progress man has made in polar There was no objection. H.R. 8546, loans to ·students of optom­ travel came to me about 2 years ago when Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, etry, and House Resolution 847, to create I was invited by the Navy to visit our base we seem to have a lot of difficulty around a select committee to conduct a study at the South Pole. In a C-130 turbo.tet we here trying to arrive at a time to ad­ and investigation of all factors relating flew from McMurdo Sound to the South Pole to in 3 hours. The load on board plane was journ and we waste an awful lot of time the general welfare and education unbelievable-20 men with their gear and a in these closing days of the Congress. of congressional pages. payload of 48 drums of fuel oil. We fiew in I want to call the attention of the This announcement is made subject to great comfort too. Members of the House to an article the usual reservation that conference 22698 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 24 rePorts may be brought up at any time, Mr. JONES of Missouri. Will the gen­ there, and I have no apology to make for and any further program will be an­ tleman tell me why we could not have anything I have said about what they nounced later. I will endeavor to give had a resolution passed so that this have done. Members as much time as PoSSible in House could have been in recess for the Mr. ALBERT. The gentleman from connection with the changes or addi­ last 2 weeks, and perhaps next week? Oklahoma made no statement with ref­ tions to the program which we have Mr. ALBERT. I will advise the gentle­ erence to anything that the gentleman announced today. man that as long as important matters has said. The gentleman from Oklahoma are in conference the House cannot in only commented on what he himself justice be in recess. The gentleman of might be doing if he made references· ADJOURNMENT UNTIL MONDAY course knows that. The gentleman to another body. Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask would not want to be in recess with the Mr. GROSS. I have just one other unanimous consent that when the House social security matter in conference. It question to ask the gentleman-the $64 adjourns today it adjourn to meet on would not be fair to the conferees if the question-when, if ever, does he think Monday next. rest of the House were in recess. If the the House is going to adjourn or the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to conferees should come to a resolution, it ·Congress is going to adjourn? the request of the gentleman from Okla­ would not be fair to the country for Mr. ALBERT. The Congress will ad­ homa? Members to be absent for a considerable journ when it finishes its business, and Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, period of time. I think the gentleman may I add to the gentleman, I personally reserving the right to object, I would like will agree with me on that. hope that will be within a very few days. to ask the distinguished majority leader Mr. JONES of Missouri. I will not The SPEAKER. Is there objection to a question. He announced a lot of legis­ agree with the gentleman on that, for the request of the gentleman from Okla­ lation that was coming up next week. this reason. We have been waiting on hnma? There is some legislation pending that a the other body. The other body has had There was no objection. lot of us would like to see acted on. We its leadership transferred to a minority party over there. They have kept that have today, we have tomorrow, and we LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM have Monday when the House could be body in session. We could not do any­ acting in an . orderly and deliberative thing on account of it. I think this body Mr. BYRNES of Wisconsin. Mr. manner, whereas a few days from now could have been in recess while we were Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to pro­ we will be pressured to act hastily and waiting, and they could dillydally around ceed for 1 ·minute. without due deliberation. Can the gen­ over there, and give some of the Mem­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection tleman tell me when the resolution from bers an OPPortunity to get back home. to the request of the gentleman from the Rules Committee on reapportion­ Mr. ALBERT. I thank the gentleman Wisconsin? ment, the so-called Patman resolution, for his assistance. There was no objection. might be considered? Mr. GROSS. Reserving the right to Mr. BYRNES of Wisconsin. Mr. Mr. ALBERT. I am not able to give object, Mr. Speaker, this situation is be­ Speaker, I have asked for this time to him any information on that subject. coming intolerable, with the other body inquire further as to two conference re­ Mr. JONES of Missouri. Some of us continuing to filibuster and hold the ports in which I think all Members .of the would like to know what is going on House here. In answer to the question House are very interested and who are around here. Can the gentleman tell us of the gentleman from Missouri the certainly very interested in being here why we are not working today on this scheduling of legislation that might have when the reports are considered. One legislation we have scheduled for next been disposed of yesterday or today, now is on the National Defense Education Act week? We thought we were going to held over until next week, is an attempt and the other is the conference report on work on the optometry bill yesterday. to try to convince the public that we are the social security amendments. Do I Some of us wonder why we take all this actually doing business down here, we understand it is not intended that either time and have only 2 days a week of are hard at work, when nothing is be- one of those conference reports will work. ing done on too many deys. . come up before Wednesday or is it possi­ Mr. ALBERT. This arrangement was Mr. ALBERT. If I were to comment ble that either one of the reports might made by the distinguished chairman of on what the gentleman has said about come up on Tuesday? I think the mem­ the committee handling this matter. I another body and not agree with him bership would like to have some kind of am sure it was made with the intent not I might not be honest. If I did agree assurance with respect to these two cDn­ only to accommodate the committee but with him, I might be violating the rules f erence reports. to accommodate many Members who are of the House. Mr. ALBERT. I would suggest to the interested in this bill and were not able Mr. GROSS. I want the gentleman gentleman that I have been advised, and to be here today. always to be honest, but that is scarcely I think on good authority, that it will be Mr. JONES of Missouri. Will the gen­ the answer. I do not think the gentle­ impossible to have the social security tleman agree with me that it is rather man from Missouri got a good answer to conference report by Tuesday. I have unfair for those persons who live at some his question of why the House has not, not had such advice with reference to distance from here to sit around here at least, put a recess resolution before the conference report on the National De­ about 4 days a week and work 2 days, the other body. If they refused to ac­ fense Education Act, but I would not like never knowing when we are going to ad­ cede to the House recessing for 2 or 3 to foreclose the possibility of this mat­ journ? We cannot go home with any as­ weeks while they filibustered, we ought ter coming up on Tuesday. My own surance that nothing of greater impor­ to know about it. · judgment is that it will not come up be­ tance than what the gentleman has men­ Mr. ALBERT. I felt that I gave the fore Wednesday. ·If it does, we will en­ tioned will be brought up. gentleman some pretty good answers and deavor to give Members all possible Mr. ALBERT. May I earnestly sug­ if they did not satisfy the gentleman, I no'tice under the circumstances. gest to my good friend that in the first am very, very sorry. Mr. BYRNES of Wisconsin. I just place this House does not have sole Mr. GROSS. We could at least put thought it would be helpful to the mem­ jurisdiction over the matter of adjourn­ them on record over in the Senate. I will bership if there could be some assurance ment. If we did, we might be able to say to the distinguished majority leader. ' or , understanding as to what might make other plans. Second, it is difficult Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, happen on these tw.o conference reports to make specific suggestions as to when will the gentleman yield? because you have listed the conference important conference reports may be Mr. GROSS. I yield to the gentleman. report on the bill D and The Birch coterie is far right; the ADA most Senator GOLDWATER is antagonistic to all of include extraneous matter. certainly deep left. Each is reported to have them. The SPEAKER. Is there objection about 50,000 members. Here are basic issues proper to polemics to the request of the gentleman from In 1960 the ADA cabal waged a bitter-end between candidates and parties. They should fight against the nomination of Lyndon be discussed with vigor and frankness. But Missouri? Johnson for President. They wrote him off There was no objection. there has been an overabundance of over­ as a "reactionary" and "racist." At the time wrought "extremist" talk. It could most Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, an excel­ L.B.J. retorted he would not feel comfortable profitably be dropped. lent editorial appeared in the St. Louis if he had their support. Globe-Democrat on Tuesday, September Now he h.as it. He had adopted a whole 22-, 1964, entitled "Extremist Talk." passel of their programs. Whether he is comfortable with them or not, he wants their THE PRIVATE VERSUS THE GOV­ As a Republican, I am particularly ERNMENT SECTOR OF THE U.S. gratified to see these timely comments votes. Whether ADA is entirely comfortable with Mr. Johnson, whom they still distrust, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS which, if properly heeded, will get the doesn't matter. They have nowhere else to national debate onto the issues. go. Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask I think it is very obvious that the Dem­ Besides they are hugging to breast the unanimous consent to extend my re­ ocratic spokesmen, particularly those knowledge they are going to have one of marks at· this point in the RECOR'D and who speak through the deceptive mask of their own members a heartbeat from the include extraneous matter. news columnists, news commentators, Presidency, should the Johnson-Humphrey The SPEAKER. Is there objection and news moderators, have been seeking ticket win November 3. to the request of the gentleman from to avoid any intelligent discussion of the Some, not all the Birchers are backing Mr. Missouri? GOLDWATER, whose conservative thesis comes issues by labeling Senator GoLDWATER closer to their thinking by far than the pol­ There was no objection. and his supporters "extremists" or soft icies projected by Mr. Johnson since he be­ Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, in remarks on "extremism." They have carried this came welded into the Kennedy administra­ on the U.S. balance-of-payments prob­ ad hominem fallacy to the extent of im- tion. lem which I made on the floor on August . plying, and sometimes actually stating, Democrats in their convention lambasted 18-CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, pages 20158- that this is the forerunner of neofascism "extremists," naming the Communists, the 20160-I pointed out that there were a and totalitarianism. Ku Klux Klan and the Birch Society. This number of ways to compute the balance­ Now these tactics--smearing instead of was dirty political pool. of-payments position. One method, fol­ Birch members are constitutionalists, discussing the issues-are the hallmark They certainly don't want the Government lowed by a highly respected British re­ of extremists of the totalitarian variety, overthrown or approve of sheeted night­ search organization, is especially useful be they the extreme rightwing or the riders. They should no more be linked with for the light it sheds on the source of our extreme leftwing. Those who are mod­ Communists than the ADA. But with all chronic balance-of-payments difficulties. erates use moderate and fair means-the the stump-slugging about Birchers, it ls cer­ The :figures, which appear in a table on techniques of fair debate. tainly fair for Republicans to put ADA'ers in page 23 of the August issue of the Na­ I am happy that Senator GOLDWATER'S a counterpart category. tional Economic Review, were prepared campaign has been conducted on .the The :(act is the ADA has become a legiti­ mate issue and target for Barry campaigners by the National Association of Economic basis of discussing the issues, discussing for two reasons: and Social Research in London. The ta­ them hard and forcefully and some of the The President deliberately injected the ble breaks our balance-of-payments :fig­ issues are hard and some are so delicate ADA thesis into the election battle by nam­ ures down into normal commercial and that mere exposure presents problems. ing HUBERT HUMPHREY as vice-presidential financial items and U.S. Government aid I hope Senator GOLDWATER'S campaign nominee. Senator HUMPHREY is one of the and military expenditures. The result is 22700 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 24 a balance of normal commercial and sition of our aid programs must primar­ Controversy and vigorous disagree­ financial items, in other words those ily rest on considerations beyond the bal­ ments are vital to our American way of items representing the private sector, ance of payments. However, in consider­ life. Therefore, I am well aware that all that is substantial. For the year 1963, ing the balance-of-payments problem it of my views are not shared by all of my the surplus on· the private account was would be desirable if Government officials constituents. · $3.5 billion. For the first quarter of 1964, were more fully aware of the large con­ I have made a sincere attempt to cast the "private" surplus at an annual rate tribution which the private sector makes my votes based on fact--not hearsay, on was $5.36 billion. However, U.S. Gov­ in enabling the Federal Government to intellect--not on emotion, and on care­ ernment aid and military expenditures continue the foreign economic and mili­ ful thought--not on reckless conclusions. show a deficit for 1963 of $6.05 billion tary aid programs which it has under­ Everything is not clear cut, it is neither and of $5 billion for the first quarter of taken. These figures are also important black or white, and in the final analysis 1964 at an annual rate. for making clear the strength and success one must determine his vote on what is It is clear that the source of our bal­ of our private sector in its international best not only for the majority of his con­ ance-of-payments deficits arises from operations. stituents, but what is good for all of the Government economic aid and military I ask unanimous consent that the chart people. This I have tried to do. payments overseas. This does not auto­ from the National Economic Review be DOMESTIC AFFAIRS matically lead to the conclusion that included in the RECORD at this point. Many good pieces of legislation have these expenditures should be eliminated There being no objection, the chart passed the Congress. Also, I regret. or reduced for balance-of-payments rea­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, many bills have become law which will sons. Decisions on the size and compo- as follows: · further place the individual under the domination of an all-powerful central · TABLE 13.-U.S. balance of payments government. [In millions of dollars; annual rates] The revenue act provided a large tax cut, but we granted this by increasing 1963 1964 our Federal debt to an alltime high. · While some action was taken to curb I II III IV Year the outflow of U.S. gold reserves our balance of payments remain far from

"Normal" commercial and financial items: 1 stable. Visible balance ___ ------+3. 87 +5. 05 +4. 98 +6. 14 +5. 01 +6. 96 In the field of education we continue Dock strike adjustment______+ . 76 -.40 ------______+.09 ------to make progress. I was pleased to sup­ Adjusted visible balance______+4.63 +4.65 +4.98 +6. 14 +5. 10 +6. 96 port legislation granting ass:stance in Norunilitary services and private donations ____ +2.04 +1.67 +I.94 +2.12 +I.94 + 2.97 Private U.S. long-term capitaL ______-4. 41 -4.20 -2.15 -3.27 -3.51 -2. 76 building new facilities, in expanding our Private foreign long-term capitaL ______+ . 81 +.27 +.19 +.32 +.05 vocational training, and in helping our Private dollar balances 2_ ------+I.59 +.58 + . 19 +.02 +.59 +I.08 nurses and doctors as well as those en­ Other private short-term capital, etc.a ______-.43 -1.85 -.93 -. 80 -1.00 -2.94 ------gaged in scientific research. Balance on normal commercial and finan- Also, Congress has done its share in cial items______+3.41 +i. 67 +4. 30 +4.41 +3. 45 +5.36 ------providing assitance in the area of mental U.S. Goverrunent aid and military expenditure: 1 illness and retardation. The Mental Finance of exports of U.S. goods and services __ -2.91 -4. 01 -3.04 -3.39 -3.34 -2.94 Other U.S. grants and capitaL ______-1.26 -1.32 - . 99 -1.16 -1.18 -.65 Health Act provides assistance through Scheduled repayments, etc.'------­ +.64 +.66 +. 87 +.77 +.74 + . 61 means of grants for construction of Military expenditure (net)------2. 26 -2. 10 -2.48 -2.21 -2. 26 -2.03 mental health centers. While I am a ------Balance of U.S. Government aid and mili- firm believer we should move with cau­ tary expenditure______-5. 78 -6. 77 -5. 64 -6. 00 -6. 05 -5.00 tion in expanding many of our Federal Total balance on normal items'------2. 37 -5. 10 -1.34 -1.59 -2. 60 +.36 programs, I have always supported the Less adjustments_ _------+. 71 +.83 -1.85 -.05 -.09 +i.oo principle of assisting in the construc­ Total balance on normal items, unadjusted__ -1. 66 -4. 27 -3.19 -1. 64 -2.69 +1.35 tion of hospitals and nursing care homes. This we continue to do and once Financing of the balance: Advance payments by foreign governments again have extended the Hill-Burton Act. on loans and military goods ______+.18 +.12 +1.38 +L 06 +.68 + . 78 The veterans were not forgotten by the Sales ofnonmarketable securities ______+l.65 + . 57 +.32 +.10 +.66 -.22 Congress. Benefits were increased by ex­ Changes in other dollar holdings of foreign governments ______:.. ______-.30 +3.09 +.58 +.50 +.97 -1. 70 cluding certain types of income in de­ termining income for pension purposes. Total special repayments and additions to dollar holdings by foreign governments_ +i. 54 +3. 78 +2. 28 +1. 66 +2.31 -1.15 This will help all veterans and their fam­ Change (worsening(+)) in- ilies including veterans of World War I, IMF position------. 18 +. 01 + . 24 +.06 + . 03 +.52 +.67 -.08 + . 35 -.73 World War II, and the Korean conflict. Reserves------+. 31 +. 49 One of the most controversial bills passed was the civil rights law. This is 1 Seasonally adjusted. . 2 Including those of banks and international organizations other than IMF. Not seasonally adjusted. a hot issue and will probably remain so a Includes errors and omissions and (very small) changes in Goverrunent nonliquid liabilities. for years to come. Very frankly, I have ' Includes changes in associated liabilities. grave reservations about some sections Source: Survey of Current Business. of this legislation. In all candor, though, I feel the provisions are morally right and no one should be denied equal oppor­ THE 88TH CONGRESS PASSES but at the same time exercise independ­ tunity. The effectiveness will depend IN REVIEW ent judgment on the merits of each pro­ largely on how well the new law is ad­ posal which comes before Congress. ministered. I hope people do not expect Mr. McLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask overnight miracles. It is difficult, if not unanimous consent to address the House Furthermore, I feel it my duty to pub­ licly report my position on key issues to impossible, to legislate the thinking in for 1 minute and to revise and extend the minds of people. With opportunity my remarks. my constituents. This I have done must come responsibility. Also, as I see The SPEAKER. Is there objection throughout this Congress through the it, the major problems in this field are to the request of the gentleman from means of radio, television, newspapers, caused by unemployment and lack of Illinois? and monthly newsletters. education. There was no objection. Because this report is a summary of Again, we find persons engaged in agri­ Mr. McLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, I be­ legislative activity, it does not deal with culture being the forgotten people of our lieve it should be the duty and responsi­ my individual voting record. A complete economy. I am sorry this Congress bility of every legislator, to the best of tabulation of rollcall votes and my at­ failed to do more in correcting the bad his ability, to reflect the majority phi­ tendance is a matter of public record as situation existing with livestock pro­ losophy of the constituents he represents printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. ducers. 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 22701 The odious wheat-cotton bill was the In conclusion, no Member of this great employment and lack of economic develop­ epitome of bad legislation and it was only legislative body should take his duties ment. because of strong-arm political pressure lightly. The decisions one has to make 2. There are no standards, based upon need, for determination of the eligib1lity of that the farmers were forced to come are many and awesome. These are crit­ areas within Appalachia for Federal grants­ under a law which brings them closer to ical times in which we live and I would in-aid provided in the b1ll, and there is no rigid controls. In my opinion the farm hope that as Representatives from our justification for all of the named 355 coun­ bills passed will work to the detriment respective districts we do not stoop to ties to receive Federal grants under all of the of all. placing political expediency above prin­ programs, for many of the counties are quite I would feel remiss if I did not briefly ciple. prosperous, and 67 counties do not qualify comment on the situation in which we I, like all Members, am only a human as redevelopment areas or areas of substan­ find ourselves due to actions of the Su­ being. If my vote has not always tial unemployment for Federal grants or loans under the Area Redevelopment Act or preme Court. I have repeatedly warned pleased everyone, I trust my constituents the Public Works Acceleration Act. Congress that the decision on legislative will be tolerant with me. If mistakes 3. A basic premise of the President's pro­ reapportionment would lead us into a have been made they were mistakes in posal-that family income of less than $3,000 "political thicket." Every proper effort judgment and not of the heart. annually constitutes poverty-is extremely must be made to overcome this new rule questionable since it ignores many factors of law which, by a divided Court, changed other than cash income, including price in­ basically 173 years of unquestioned con­ THE APPALACHIAN PROGRAM-A dexes, homeownership, home food produc­ stitutionality. POLITICAL ELECTION YEAR GIM­ tion, etc. MICK-IS CLEARLY INADEQUATE 4. The Congress is being asked by the The import of the Court's latest de­ President to enact far-reaching legislation cision on reapportionment is clear. If AND NOT IN THE PUBLIC INTER­ on the basis of 1960 statistics and data pur­ this decision stands it could be disas­ EST OF THE ENTIRE NATION porting to show conditions of economic trous. Every county office, every town­ Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I ask deprivation, in the face of more up-to­ ship, every board of supervisors, every unanimous consent to address the House date information that improvements have judicial district, every school district, for 1 minute and to revise and extend been made and many corrective actions un­ every drainage district, yes, even the dertaken in Appalachia within the past 2 to my remarks. 4 years. U.S. Senate and our electoral college The SPEAKER. Is there objection 5. Several programs contained in the b1ll, stands in jeopardy. If we delay too long to the request of the gentleman from including one for 100 percent federally we surely are at the end of a glorious Florida? financed socialized medical care, are under era in our history. There was no objection. the jurisdiction of other committees of the INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, in view House of Representatives, and the bill was reported without benefit of its consideration Foreign aid, national defense, arms of the fact that it is my understanding by such other committees and without their control and disarmament still remain that the Senate will be acting on the advice and recommendations being obtained highly controversial, as does our whole Senate version of the Appalachian bill by the Committee on Public Works. foreign policy. shortly and that there may be an effort 6. Existing State and local governmental Unfortunately, 60 percent of all money to bring this election year political gim­ agencies, which normally administer Federal appropriated goes for maintaining our mick program, which is clearly inade­ a.id programs contained in the b1ll, wm be quate, discriminates against the rest of bypassed. by the creation of the Appalachian Defense Establishment. While we did Regional Commission in the development, effect some savings we are still spending the Nation, and is not in the public inter­ planning, initiation, and administration of eight times more for defense than we are est of the entire Nation, to the House such programs. for financing all of our health, education, floor for action, I feel it my duty.to sub­ 7. The Appalachian Regional Commission labor, and welfare programs. mit for the RECORD the minority views on wm be federally dominated through control Also, it seems to be the policy of this the bill, H.R. 11946. exercised by the Federal representative; and administration to continue to attempt to These views clearly demonstrate why the Commission, in turn, wlll dominate the buy friendship. We keep on pouring this bill should be defeated if the attempt entire program, with State and local officials being placed in a completely subservient billions into our foreign assistance pro­ to ram it through the House in the wan­ position. grams, but yet we find ourselves in diffi­ ing hours of the session should be fol­ 8. The highway program contained in the culty throughout the entire world. From lowed through. bill-which comprises almost 80 percent of the Congo to Cuba, from South America These views are as follows: the money authorization of the bill-ls par­ to Vietnam, conditions grow progressively MINORITY VIEWS ON H.R. 11946 ticularly discriminatory against other por­ worse. Many Members of Congress, I With much fanfare and obviously with an tions of the country, for it authorizes a.n feel rightfully so, are asking, "Just what eye to the presidential election later this year, additional highway program for the Appa­ is our foreign policy?" This is a question President Lyndon B. Johnson, on April 28, lachian region almost as large as the annual which should be answered to the satis­ 1964, sent to the Congress the second install­ program for construction of Federal-aid pri­ faction of all Americans. ment of his widely heralded "War on Pov­ mary and secondary highways and their ur­ I am sure every Member of Congress, erty," in the form of requested legislation for ban extensions in all of the 50 States, plus development of the Appalachian region. The Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia, including myself, is working toward President has focused the spotlight of public including Appalachia. peace. Many of us feel we should be attention upon the "deprivation" of our al­ 9. The provisions of the bill relative to the more firm in our position, however, and legedly less fortunate neighbors in Appa­ special highway program for Appalachia are that we should stop playing footsie with lachia, often to their great embarrassment, vague, poorly conceived, and otherwise ob­ the Communists. and has proposed a hastily drawn, poorly jectionable. This special program would be So long as the ideology of communism conceived, ineffective, and costly plan for inconsistent and competitive with the time­ continues to expand throughout the their assistance by the Federal Government. proven and successful Federal-aid highway Any proposal to allevitae poverty can have program. world we must be ever on our guard. great emotional appeal and political value. 10. It is inconceivable that 80-percent CONCLUSION No one is in favor of poverty, the same as grants should be made for development of I have abiding faith in the people of no one is in favor of sin or against mother­ pasturelands in Appalachia to increase beef America and I am sure they will always hood. It may require courage to oppose such production at a time when there is an over­ a program, even when the program is clearly production of beef in the country and when meet the test. We cannot drop our guard inadequate and not in the public interest. the Government is paying farmers to take and we must not become so self-centered We fully support the objective of alleviat­ other and more productive land out of pro­ and so enamored with social welfare pro­ ing social, educational, and economic poverty duction. grams, by whatever appealing name, that wherever it exists throughout the entire Na­ 11. Direction to the Secretary of the Army we destroy ourselves from within. tion, but, in the interest of the people of to prepare a comprehensive plan for the de­ America became great not by depend­ Appalachia, as well as the millions of tax­ velopment and utilization of water and re­ ence upon an all-powerful paternalistic payers of this country, we strongly oppose lated resources of the Appalachian region central government, but by citizens will­ enactment of H.R. 11946 for the following and authorizing the inclusion therein of hy­ ing to make sacrifices of their own and reasons: droelectric power generation and other 1. It would provide preferential treatment measures to increase the production of eco­ trying to solve their own problems. for one region of the United States and nomic goods and services can result in the Do we have the courage to be captains thereby discriminate against other areas of ultimate creation and Federal financing of our own destiny? I sincerely hope so. the Nation which have equal or greater un- through the U.S. Army Corps of Engineeri; 22702 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 24 of steam and hydroelectric power generation ment. For example, Mr. Joseph G. Ham­ sity for such standards is quite obvious when and transmission facilities and the process­ rick, executive assistant to the Governor of we consider the duration of this program. ing or· manufacture of products incidental to Virginia and director of industrial develop­ Administration witnesses testified that a 5- the development and utilization of water ment and planning for the Commonwealth year program is planned; however, an amend­ and related resources, similar to the Tennes­ of Virginia, testifying in behalf of Gov. Al­ ment added by the Committee on Public see Valley Authority, throughout all of the bertis S. Harrison, Jr., stated, with justifia­ Works provides that the act shall cease to Appalachian region, and would overlap TVA ble pride, that Virginia has the lowest total be in effect on July 1, 1960, which makes it since approximately half of the TVA area is percent of unemployment in the Nation, a 6-year program. In any event, the eco­ included in the Appalachian region. equaled only by the District of Columbia and nomic and unemployment situation in spe­ 12. The discredited and inetfectual Public Hawaii. He further said that of the 21 Vir­ cific areas of Appalachia may change mate­ Works Acceleration Act program would in ginia counties included in the bill only 6, rially during the life of this program, and etfect be reenacted for Appalachia by the or maybe 7, in the extreme southwestern standards should be established as the basis back-door method of increasing to 80 percent part of Virginia need any help, and that for the removal of el1gib11ity of areas that the Federal share of the costs of projects for some of the remaining 14 or 15 counties are do not need assistance and for the inclusion which Federal grants-in-aid are provided for very prosperous, rather than depressed. of designated areas which would not now the construction or equipment of facilities Gov. Frank G. Clement, of the State of be eligible under such standards but which under the provisions of this bill or any other Tennessee, emphasized in his testimony that might become so before the end of the pro­ existing Federal grant-in-aid program, ex­ not all of the designated Tennessee portion gram. cept for the construction of highways, if of Appalachia is depressed, but, on the con­ funds are available therefor under the act trary, that within the region are some of the UNREALISTIC DEFINITION OF POVERTY authorizing such program. State's more prosperous industrial com­ The administration takes the position that plexes, such as the Kingsport-Johnson City­ a family income of less than $3,000 annually PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT FOR APPALACHIA Bristol area, the MorrtStown-Greenville area, is the dividing line between poverty and the A Federal program to benefit all of the citi­ and the Knoxville-Alcoa-Oak Ridge area, to ability to enjoy the afiluence of American zens of the United States is one thing. A mention several. · life. This is an example of the gross over­ Federal program to benefit some or all of the Of the 355 counties included in H.R. 11946, simplification which characterizes the pro­ citizens of one selected area or of a few se­ 48 have never been eligible for financial as­ posed relief legislation for the Appalachian lected States simply because of their place of sistance under the Area Redevelopment Act region. residence is an entirely ditferent thing. or the Public Works Acceleration Act, and 19 A family income of less than $3,000 an­ H.R. 11946 would provide for a massive others, though once eligible under one or nually may well be at the poverty level for Federal spending program ($1,077,200,000 to both of these acts, are not now eligible. a large family living in an expensive urban start) for an area designated "Appalachia"­ Thus, 67 counties, or approximately 19 per­ area. It may represent a comparatively com­ an area comprising 355 counties in 11 States. cent of the Appalachian region, cannot be fortable situation for a small family living How the boundaries of Appalachia were de­ classified as redevelopment areas or areas of in a low-cost rural or semirural area. termined is open to speculation. A spokes­ substantial unemployment under these acts Many factors in addition to cash income man for the Governor of Virginia, who con­ which were designed to stimulate the econ­ must be considered in determining the eco­ ceded that most of the Virginia counties in omy and reduce unemployment in such nomic status of a family or individual. Some Appalachia are not economically depressed, areas. of these factors are price indexes in the area, commented that the prosperous counties were It is inconceivable that prosperous areas ownership of homes and other real estate, included "because somewhere 2 or 3 years should be designated as parts of the Ap­ home production of food, standards of liv­ ago some individual drew a line on the map palachian region to benefit from all of the ing in the community, etc. None of these at the foot of the mountains." Federal grant-in-aid programs provided in were given adequate, if any, consideration Regardless of how the boundaries of Ap­ this bill. Obviously there is no need for such in the proposal for special Federal relief for palachia were determined, the f.act remains special Federal help in these areas, and none Appalachia. that H.R. 11946 would establish a special mas­ should be provided. If the money is to be If the bare dollar amount of $3,000 an­ sive relief program for one comparatively spent, there are many areas in other parts of nual income is to be the basic measure of small part of the Nation to the exclusion of the Nation which have far greater need for other equally deserving areas. poverty, then the Congress should reevaluate This preferenttal treatment is "justified" it. the family retirement benefits under the Fed­ by statistics which purport to show that Ap­ Questioning of many administration wit­ eral social security program, which are ap­ palachia lags behind national averages in sev­ nesses, during the hearings on the original proximately one-half this amount. Also, De­ eral categories. But Appalachia is not the b111, failed to discover any standards used fense Department figures indicate that 1,049- only area which is below national averages. by the administration in selecting the coun­ 248 members of the U.S. Armed Forces had The Ozark Mountain region, the upper Great ties to receive Federal aid under this legisla­ less than a $3,000 annual income, includ­ Lakes iron ore region, several of the Southern tion and, of course, the bill itself sets forth ing all allowances for food, clothing, and States, areas in the West and the Northeast, no standards. The stock answer was that shelter, plus the value of Federal income tax and other areas can demonstrate below aver­ inclusion of all of the named counties is exemptions. Is this Government sponsored age conditions in terms of low per capita in­ necessary to carry out the concept of re­ and financed poverty? gional development. It may be desirable to come, low family income, high-unemploy­ RECENT IMPROVEMENTS IN ApPALAC!HIA-U .S. ment rates, or other categories. According include prosperous counties, along with depressed and labor surplus counties, for the 19-60 STATISTICS to the June 1964 edition of Area Labor Mar­ The report by the President's Appalachian ket Trends, published monthly by the U.S. construction of highways, so as to connect all such areas by a highway network. But Regional Commission sets forth a number of Department of Labor, there are 715 areas in selected statistics . which purport to show the United States having substantial unem­ there is no justification whatsoever for the inclusion of prosperous counties for any of that the Appalachian region is lagging and ployment, and 551 of these are areas having is in need of special assistance. But it is substantial and persistent unemployment. the other Federal grant-in-aid programs in the bill. questionable whether these statistics give an Whether below national averages are in­ accurate picture of the situation. Although dicia of economic distress is a matter open It appears that President Johnson's selec­ tion of the 340 counties he first designated the report was submitted to the Congress in to debate. But, conceding that they are for the spring of 1964, it uses, almost entirely, the purpose of discussing the matter, the to receive Federal aid involved nothing more profound than drawing a line on a map at statistics for 1960 and earlier years. Later question remains as to why one below-aver­ statistics are available but for some reason age area should be given preference over other the foot of the mountains to indicate the boundaries of Appalachia. The utter dis­ were not used. Second, the report compares below-average areas. Appalachia to national averages (which are We believe that the special Appalachian regard of need in designating areas to be assisted was further evidenced by the addi­ influenced by the most prosperous areas) relief proposal discriminates against every instead of comparing Appalachia to other other area in the United States which has tion of 15 new counties by the administra­ economically depressed areas such as the unemployment rates, income rates, and tion last week, including 6 counties in South other conditions comparable to or worse Carolina, which State had never before been Ozark Mountain region, the Upper Great than those in Appalachia. included in Appalachia, not even by the Lakes iron ore region, and other parts of the President's Appalachian Regional Commis­ Nation. Third, the statistics are largely in NO STANDARDS FOR ELIGmLE AREAS sion. Eight of these 15 counties, including terms of dollars and percentages, and do not. President Johnson's original proposal, in­ 5 in South Carolina, are not eligible for Fed­ consider, other important factors such as troduced as H.R. 11065, included in the Ap­ eral financial assistance under the Area Re­ cost of living, property ownership, savings, palachian region 340 counties in 10 States. development Act or the Public Works Ac­ credit, etc. More than 5 weeks after hearings had been celeration Act. Before the Congress enacts a special Ap­ completed on this bill, the administration It is abundantly clear that standards palachian relief bill, it must satisfy itself that submitted a new bill to the committee, in­ should be established for the determination the region is in urgent need of such relief, troduced as H.R. 11946, which added 15 new of eligible areas for Federal grants-in-aid that such need is more serious than that of counties and 1 new State, South Carolina. (other than for construction of highways) other economically depressed areas, and that Many of these 355 counties are quite pros­ under this bill. Otherwise, vast sums of tax the States involved cannot handle the prob­ perous and have no poverty problems re­ dollars wm be spent needlessly in areas that lems through their own financial resources quiring assistance from the Federal Gover~- have no special poverty problems. The neces- and regular Federal-aid programs. The fol- 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 22703 lowing items concerning the States having ment presented to the ad hoc subcommittee, bama in income per household. It has added areas in Appalachia are pertinent in this the Governor of West Virginia said: "This one classroom a week to its school system connection: period ( 1961-64) has been one of great eco­ for the last 9 years. Last year, 6,000 jobs Virginia: At public hearings held by the nomic recovery for the State, with a new were created in the area. In 1963, building ad hoc subcommittee, a spokesman for the peak of cooperation reached between the permits exceeded $81 mlllion, compared with Governor of Virginia stated that while 21 people and all levels of government. Just a little more than $5 million in 1950 Virginia counties are in Appalachia, as de­ look at these facts : Kentucky: During his testimony before fined in the President's proposal, some of "Unemployment, which stood at 105,000 in the ad hoc subcommittee, the Governor of these are very prosperous and only 6 or 7 January 1961, has been gradually cut down Kentucky placed a great emphasis on the counties in extreme southwestern Virginia to less than 60,000 early in 1964. We have actions taken by the State itself during the are in need of help. He commented that beautified and cleaned up the State to make past 2 to 4 years to solve problems in Appa­ the 21 counties were included in Appalachia it more attractive to new industry and tour­ lachia. He stressed extensive State action in "because somewhere, 2 or 3 years ago, some ists--and many new plants and a great in­ the fields of education, highways, conserva­ individual simply drew a line on the map at crease in the tourist trade are the results. tion, health, and parks and recreation. He the foot of the mountains." The prepared We were the first State to institute a State also discussed a proposed 1965 bond issue of statement of the Governor, read at the hear­ work and training program~providing both $176 million to provide funds for highways, ings, contained the following statements: the dignity of the individual and means of schools, parks, community health centers, "I am very conscious of the fact that, with earning a living-to thousands of unem­ agriculture development, small lakes, librar­ the exception of a few counties in southwest ployed fathers, and this program has been ies and other fac111ties. In addition to these Virginia, the need for the assistance and aid so effective it is being recommended as a State actions, Federal grants totaling $27,- contemplated by this bill is not imperative model to other States." 561,000 have been made in the Appalachian in Virginia. • • • There is little that this The Governor's reference to "many new part of Kentucky under the Accelerated Pub­ bill envisions that is not already being un­ plants" is confirmed by statistics concerning lic Works Act. Since these actions occurred dertaken by existing agencies of the Com­ building contracts. The value of private during the past 2 to 4 years, and since the monwealth of Virginia." building contracts for industrial plants in report of the President's Appalachian Re­ Maryland: Only 3 of Maryland's 24 coun­ West Virginia awarded during 1962 was $119,- gional Commission uses 1960 statistics, the ties are in Appalachia as defined in the Presi­ 500,000-about 4.7 percent of the U.S. total report cannot measure the impact or effec­ dent's relief proposal. These counties in­ of such contracts. This ts significant in tiveness of the programs. Certainly, this clude just 6.3 percent of the State's popula­ view of the fact that the population of West should be known before another massive tion. In 1963, per capita personal income Virginia is only about 1 percent of that of Federal spending program is launched. in Maryland was higher than in 40 other the United States. Ohio: The per capita personal income in States, and substantially above the national Neither this extensive industrial construc­ Ohio is well above the national average. The average, and the percentage of Maryland tion nor what the Governor of West Virginia State has a lower percentage of fam111es hav­ families having an annual income of more referred to as a period of "great economic ing an annual income under $3,000, and a than $10,000 is substantially higher than the recovery" during 1961-64 is reflected in the higher percentage of families with an annual national average. The State completed the report of the President's Appalachian Re­ income of $10,000 than the national average. fiscal year ending June 30, 1963, with a gional Commission since, as noted above, the It appears that even the Appalachian portion surplus of about $32 million and the fiscal statistics quoted in that report are almost of Ohio, which included less than 10 percent year ending June 30, 1964, with a surplus of entirely for 1960. of the State's population, is comparatively some $31 million. As a result, pressure is Pennsylvania: In 1963, the per capita per­ well off, may not share common problems mounting for repeal of a State income tax sonal income in Pennsylvania was about the with the rest of Appalachia, and may not 1\lcrease enacted earlier this year. same as the national average, and was higher need or even benefit substantially from the In view of these facts, it is in order to in­ than such income in the Southeast, South­ President's proposal to assist Appalachia. quire as to why Maryland cannot or will not west, Plains, and Rocky Mountain regions Testimony prepared by the State of Ohio, meet the problems of its portion of Appa­ of the United Stat.es. The percentage of and submitted for the record during hear­ lachia through its own resources and exist­ families having an annual income of less ings of the ad hoc subcommittee contains ing Federal-aid programs. than $3,000 has been well below the national the following: As to utilization of existing Federal-aid average, both in the State as a whole and in "Concerning median family income in Ap­ programs, there is evidence that Maryland is the Appalachian portion of Pennsylvania. palachia, those for Ohio counties are sub­ lagging badly, at least as regards the Federal­ It is interesting to note that as of April 15, stantially larger than the value for all of aid highway program. As of May 31, 1964, 1964, Federal grants totaling $58,988,000 had Appalachia. The lowest median income in Maryland was at the bottom of the list of been extended to the Appalachian portion of any county in the Ohio Valley region was States of the Union in terms of obligating Pennsylvania under the Accelerated Public $2,829 in 1959; the highest was $4,974. Federal-aid funds apportioned for the Na­ Works Act. Concomitantly, the median incomes of 11 tional System of Interstate and Defense Alabama: Nearly half of the 32 counties counties in the Ohio Valley region exceed . Highways. As of the same date, only Dela­ in Appalachian Alabama are in the Tennes­ $4,000. For the region as a whole, the 18- ware, Puerto Rico, and the District of Co­ see Valley Authority region. Of these 32 county average of the individual county lumbia ranked lower in terms of obligating counties, 6 have never had sufficiently high median family incomes increased from $2,005 Federal-aid funds apportioned for the pri­ unemployment rates to be eligible for Fed­ in 1949 to $4,104 in 1959. With an adjust­ mary and secondary highway systems. This eral grants under the Accelerated Public ment for price-level increases which also raises the very basic question of whether Works Act, and 2 additional counties were prevailed during this same period, the extending an additional, special Federal-aid once eligible, but have so improved as to be change in the adjusted (deflated) regional highway program to the Appalachian por­ eligible no longer. Thus, eight counties, or average family income represented an in­ tion of Maryland (as would be done under one-fourth of the Appalachian counties, are crease of almost 70 percent (69.9 percent) the President's relief proposal) can be justi­ now ineligible for such assistance. Despite in purchasing power during the 10-year fied. this, as of April 15, 1964, Federal grants total­ period. These relationships suggest a dif­ Tennessee: Forty-nine of the ninety-five ing $20,827,000 had been extended to the ferent order of economic condition than counties of Tennessee are in the Appalachian Appalachian portion of Alabama under the that representative of the other areas within region described in the President's proposal. Accelerated Public Works Act. Appalachia. All of these 49 counties are within the power Furthermore, the report of the President's "It is acknowledged that the median in­ service area of the Tennessee Valley Author­ Appalachian Commission does not reflect the comes characteristics of the Ohio Valley ity, which ls reputed to have accomplished economic impact of recent developments in region are not equal to those of other coun­ so much in improving the economy of the the area, since it utilizes 1960 statistics. The ties of Ohio. These inequities notwithstand­ region. In a statement presented to the ad JuJ.y 20, 1964, edition of U.S. News & World ing, the rate of improvement in the Ohio hoc subcommittee, the Governor of Tennes­ Report contains an informative article on the Valley region (plus 107.8 percent) exceeded see said: "I would like to emphasize from economic boom in the Huntsville, Ala., area-­ the rate of improvement in other Ohio the beginning that while we are here con­ which is part of Appalachia. According to regions. It also exceeded the rate of im­ sidering the Appalachian region as a whole, this article, about 4 years ago the Marshall provement for Ohio as a whole (plus 85.5 not all of the region as such should be con­ Space Flight Center, employing some 7,000 percent) in the decade of 1949-59. Clearly, sidered in a depressed condition. To the persons, was established in Huntsville. The programs immediately applicable to the contrary, within the region lie some of our Army and NASA have drawn to northern Ala­ problems of all of Appalachia may not be most prosperous industrial complexes. In bama many hundreds of contractors who of direct significance in improving condi­ Tennessee's portion of Appalachia, for ex­ want to be close by the Space Center. This tions in the Ohio Valley region if median ample, the Kingsport-Johnson City-Bristol year, the Center will award contracts of $1 income constitutes a primary determinant." area, the Morristown-Greenville area, and the billion on Saturn rockets, and perhaps $200 Georgia: About one-third of the 85 Ap­ Knoxvme-Alcoa-Oak Ridge areas, to men­ m.1111on of that will be spent in the Hunts­ palachian counties in Georgia are in the tion several, serve as the large economic ville area. Huntsvme has doubled its popu­ area serviced by the Tennessee Valley Au­ nucleus around which most of our industry lation in just 4 years, and spawned local thority. Ten of the 35 counties have exists." industries such as Brown Engineering which never been eligible for assistance under the West Virginia: This State is the only one has grown from a handful of men to 3,400 Accelerated Public Works Act, because their totally included in Appalachia. In a state- employees. Huntsville now leads all Ala- rate of unemployment is not high enough. CX--1427 22704 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 24 In fact, according to the report of the Presi­ No hearings on these provisions of the bill program for reclamation and rehabilitation dent's Appalachian Regional Commission, in have been held by other House committees of strip and surface mining areas in t.he both 1950 and 1960 the unemployment rate which have jurisdiction over such programs; United States and for policies under which in the Appalachian portion of Georgia was no advice or recommendations have been re­ the program should be conducted, which the lower than in the balance of the United ceived from such committees; and, as far as President is to submit, along with his rec­ States. we know, none have been sought. There ommendations, to the Congress by July 1, South Carolina: No part of South Carolina has been no opportunity for members of the 1966. Insofar as Appalachia is concerned, was included in Appalachia as that region Committee on Public Works to delve into this study is a sham, for more than $20 mil­ was defined in the original proposal of the the details of the existing programs outside lion of Federal funds will have been spent President. No comments or information of the committee's jurisdiction which will be for mining area restoration in Appalachia concerning the economy of this State is to affected by this bill, and it may have far­ before this study is completed and recom­ be found in the report of the President's Ap· reaching impact upon these programs. mendations made to Congress. palachian Regional Commission. No testi­ For example, section 202 ( c) expands upon A bill, H.R. 934, to provide for a study by mony on behalf of South Carolina was pre­ the provision of title VI of the Public Health the Secretary of the Interior of strip mining sented at the hearings of the ad hoc sub­ Service Act and the Mental Retardation Fa­ operations in the United States and for sub­ committee. Nevertheless, six South Carolina cilities and Community Mental Health Cen­ mission to Congress of the results of such counties are included in Appalachia as the ters Construction Act of 1963, as applicable study has been referred to the House Com­ region is defined in the new bill, H.R. 11946. to Appalachia, to authorize, for the first time, mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs, and It is pertinent to note that as of April 15, Federal grants for 100 percent of the cost of that committee held hearings on a similar 1964, none of these six counties was eligible operation of multicounty demonstration bill in the 87th Congress. Clearly, this is not for assistance under the Area Redevelopment health facilities, including hospitals, regional a matter to be handled by the Committee on Act, and only one was eligible for assistance health diagnostic treatment centers, and Public Works. under the Public Works Acceleration Act. other health facilities. These grants will BYPASSING OF STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES North Carolina: Ten of the twenty-nine cover all costs of operations, including sal­ Appalachian counties in North Carolina have aries of doctors, nurses, technicians, and The bill requires that no program author­ never been eligible for assistance under the other persons providing services, and will ized under any section of the bill be imple­ Accelerated Public Works Act, and an addi­ constitute 100 percent Government SlJbsidi­ mented until plans with respect to such pro­ faonal 5 were eligible at one time but be­ zation of medical services performed in a gram have been recommended by the Appa­ came ineligible because of improved em­ facility constructed with 80 percent Federal lachian Regional Commission. Except as to ployment rates. According to the report of funds. If the Federal Government pays all highways, no provision of the bill requires the President's Appalachian Regional Com­ the salaries and expenses of administrators, the Commission to coordinate with, obtain mission, the Appalachian portion of North doctors, nurses, and all other persons work­ the recommendations of, or even consult or Carolina had a lower unemployment rate ing in such health facilities, it is a foregone confer with, the existing State and local gov­ than the balance of the Nation in both 1950 conclusion that the Federal Government, ernmental agencies which would normally and 1960. The people in the Appalachian rather than the States, local communities, or have jurisdiction over the subject matters of part of North Carolina have reacted to the private organizations will completely control particular programs. In the case of the devel­ President's relief proposal with a "mixture all of these facilities, for it is human nature opment highway program, each State member of indifference, amusement, and resentment" to respond to the wishes of whomever pays of the Commission is required to obtain the according to an editorial in the May 23, 1964, one's salary. recommendations of the highway department edition of the State, a magazine published This provision constitutions a giant stride of the State which he represents. But there in North Carolina and devoted largely to into the field of socialized medicine which is no requirement that such recommenda­ North Carolina affairs. An article in the same Congress has consistently rejected in the tions be followed, or even considered. edition of that magazine shows that busi­ past. In fact, a somewhat similar provision­ Under the provisions of the bill, the State ness is booming in the northwestern part of which did not go nearly so far, for it was lim­ and local agencies having jurisdiction over the State-the part in Appalachia. Both the ited to initial staffing-was removed by the the programs of the type envisioned by the editorial and article were inserted in the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign bill could be completely bypassed and ig­ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD by the gentleman from Commerce from the administration's re­ nored, regardless of their responsibilities for New Hampshire, Mr. CLEVELAND (CONGRES· quested Mental Retardation Facilities Con­ coordination, planning, construction, and SIONAL RECORD, June 25, 1964, at p. 15002). struction Act enacted by the Congress last other activities. We are asked to accept, on faith, assurances that the Commission USURPS JURISDICTIONS OF OTHER COMMITTEES year. This is an attempt by the President to secure enactment in this Appalachian bill of would work closely with affected State and Several programs involved in this b111 are a program which Congress has always re­ local agencies. In view of the growth and under the jurisdiction of other committees jected when considered by the committee of activities of bureaucratic bodies during the of the House. Not only does the Committee proper jurisdiction. If section 202 ( c) of this past few years, we are not inclined to accept on Public Works not have jurisdiction over bill is enacted into law, it will be a prece­ such assurances on faith. The failure of the these programs, but the members of the dent for insisting upon payment by the Gov­ National Capitol Transportation Agency to committee cannot be expected to have knowl­ ernment of 100 percent of the operating costs, confer and cooperate with appropriate agen­ edge of all of the details of these programs including salaries of doctors, nurses, and all cies in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan necessary for full and intelligent considera­ other personnel, as a · part of all federally area, despite the statutory requirement in tion of their proper application to Appa­ assisted health programs. the National Capitol Transportation Act or lachia. Section 205, pertaining to the restoration of 1960 that this be done, ls not an encouraging Among the provisions of the bill over mining areas, involves another important example. which other committees have jurisdiction program. This section was first submitted to We believe the bill i~ entirely defective un­ under rule XI of the Rules of the House of the committee by the administration last less it requires, and contains safeguards to Representatives,-are the following: week, long after hearings had been completed assure, consultation and coordination be­ SEC '. 108. Personal Financial Interests. on the President's original proposal, and tween the Appalachian Regional Commission SEC. 202. Demonstration Health Fac111ties. no hearings have been held on it. As it re­ and affected State and local agencies, and SEC. 203. Pasture Improvement and Develop- lates to Appalachia, this section enlarges the protection against bypassing of those agen­ ment. provision of existing law by providing Federal cies. SEq. 2~. Timber Development Organiza- grants to fill and seal voids in abandoned A NEW FEDERALLY CONTROLLED REGIONAL tions. bituminous coal mines, increases the Federal OCTOPUS SEC. 205. Mining Area Restoration. share of the cost of projects up to 75 percent, SEC. 211. Vocational Education Fac111ties. and authorizes grants for restoration of strip Title I of the bill establishes the Appa­ SEC. 213. Amendments to Housing Act of mines on private property on which there is lachian Regional Commission, whose general 1954. provided access and use by the public to as­ purposes would be ( 1) to develop plans and SEC. 214. Supplements to Federal Grant-in­ sure an adequate public benefit, whatever programs and establish priorities thereunder Aid Programs-As applicable to that may mean. Presumably, up to 75 per­ for the economic development of the region, supplemental grants for pro­ cent Federal grants may be made under this (2) to coordinate State and Federal effort, grams under sections 202, 203, section for restoration of private property if (3) to conduct joint studies to identify the 205, and 211 of this b111, title VI the public can use such property, even though causes of the problems of Appalachia and of the Public Health Service Act, a fee is charged. This raises a serious ques­ find solutions, and ( 4) to make recommen­ Vocational Education Act of 1963, tion of the unjust enrichment of private dations with respect to anything pertaining Library Services Act, .Federal Air­ property owners at the expense of the tax­ to the economic development of the region. port Act, Educational Television payers. -The Commission is to be composed of a Construction Act, Higher Educa­ Paragraph ( c) of this section goes even Federal representative appointed by the tion Facilities Act of 1963, and beyond the limits of Appalachia. It directs President with the advice and consent of the other programs for Federal the Secretary of the Interior to make a survey Senate, and one member from each par­ grants-in-aid for the construc­ and study of strip and surface mining opera­ tieipating State in the Appalachian region. tion or equipment of fac111ties tions and their effects in the entire United This portion of the bill is defective because ' ·, "· ' not under the jurisdiction of the States and to submit recommendations to the it places control of the Commission in the COm:inittee on Public Works. President for a long-range, comprehensive ~ederal _ Government rather than providing 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 22705 for the full and equal partnership of State their tentacles into· every part of the Nation with that longstanding and proven successful governments. The bill designates the Fed­ to thwart freedom of State and local action program. eral representative as Cochairman of the and to make it subservient to the wishes of Among the objectionable features of sec­ Commission, and no decision can be made the Federal Government. tion 201 are the following: by the Commission without the affirmative The time to stop this new move for Fed­ 1. It would provide for the construction vote of the Federal represen ta ti ve and of a eral power is now. If this bill is to be of 500 miles of "local access roads" to serve majority of the State members. The Fed­ enacted into law, the provisions relative to "specific recreational, residential, commer­ eral vote on the Commission will be equal the Commission should be amended in two cial, industrial, or other like facilities." to the vote of all the States, thus giving the respects. First, Commission voting should There is no requirement that these roads.be Federal Government veto power over all 11 be based on one vote for each State member publicly owned or operated. Thus, Federal States. It might be argued that the States and one vote for the Federal representative. taxpayers' money would be available to pay could also veto Federal action, but this merely Second, the members of the Commission up to 70 percent of the cost of constructing begs t£e .issue, for the end result would be a should elect their own Chairman. private driveways and access roads to country stalemate. This would restore the State-Federal part­ clubs, swimming pools, golf courses, and the The bill states in its "Findings and State­ nership relation that has proved so success­ like. The opportunity for financial favorit­ ment of Purpose" that "The State and local ful in other programs. The States could ism and political payoffs to the owners, de­ governments and the people of the region then have an effective role in developing and velopers, and operators of "specific recre­ understand their problems and have been initiating plans and programs, establishing ational, residential, commercial, industrial, working and will continue to work purpose­ priorities, conducting research and studies, or other like facilities" is uncomfortably fully toward their solution." However, in and making recommendations. The Federal apparent. spite of this and other lipservice given to interest and the Federal dollar would be ade­ 2. The development highway system, in­ State and local governments and their leader­ quately protected, for Federal funds would cluding the local access roads, would be ship, this will be a federally dominated Com­ not be made available for individual projects constructed under those provisions of title mission, which in turn will dominate the en­ until the plans therefor have been approved 23, United States Code, applicable to Fed­ tire program. No Federal grant-in-aid or as­ by the appropriate Federal department or eral-aid primary highways "which the Secre­ sistance program can be implemented until agency administering such program. tary [of Commerce] determines are not in­ plans therefor have been recommended by DISCRIMINATORY HIGHWAY PROGRAM consistent with this act." Why the Secre­ the Commission and approved or modified tary of Commerce should be given this un­ by the President or such Federal officer or The highway program provided for in R.R. limited power of determination, instead of officers as he may designate. 11946 is particularly discriminatory against letting the law speak for itself, is not ap­ The bill also authorizes the Commission portions of the Nation outside Appalachia. parent. No standards or expression of con­ to make recommendations to the President, The new program for the construction of a gressional intent are provided to guide the State Governors, and appropriate local offi­ 2,850-mile system of highways and access Secretary in this regard. cials with respect to the expenditure of funds roads would be superimposed upon the long­ 3. The bill requires that each State mem­ by all levels of government in the fields of standing and successful Federal-aid highway ber of the Appalachian Regional Commission natural resources, agriculture, education, program, for the benefit of the comparatively obtain the recommendations of the highway training, health and welfare, Federal, State, small Appalachian region alone. The bill department of the State which he repre­ and local legislation or administrative would authorize the appropriation of $840 sents. But there is no requirement that actions, and anything else that is related in million to pay up to 70 percent of the cost of the recommendations of the highway depart­ any way to the economic development of the constructing the new system in Appalachia, ment be followed or even considered. Thus, region, including the generation and trans­ which accounts for almost 80 percent of the the highway departments could be bypassed mission of electric energy. This authority to funds authorized by the bill. This compares almost entirely. The very inclusion of this recommend is not limited to the programs with $1 billion authorized by the Federal­ provision makes it legally possible, and, in contained in the bill. It is unlimited in Aid Highway Act of 1964 for fiscal year 1966 fact, implies, that the construction of the scope so long as it pertains to the general to pay 50 percent of the cost of construction development highway system will be by agen­ purposes of the b111, and could be the fore­ (except in public lands States) of the Fed­ cies other than the State highway depart­ runner of additional wild and weird schemes eral-aid primary and secondary systems in ments, without the participation of or co­ for governmental socialization of Appalachia. all of the States. ordination with the highway departments. Remember, the Federal Government's vote on The States having areas in Appalachia 4. There is no requirements that the Appa­ the Commission is equal to that of all the would, of course, receive their proportionate lachian development road program be in ad­ States. If the States do not wish to go along share of highway funds under the Federal­ dition to instead of in lieu of the regular Fed­ with some recommendation proposed by the Aid Highway Act of 1964, and prior acts, in eral-aid highway program. Certainly, there Federal representative, his authority to dis­ addition to the funds provided under H.R. may be a great inclination on the part of approve and kill every program and project 11946. The total amount of Federal-aid some States, particularly those which are under this bill in every one of the 11 States primary, secondary, and urban highway funds comparatively short of highway funds, to constitutes great power of coercion. to be apportioned within the next few weeks utilize the 70 percent federally financed spe­ The actions of this federally dominated for fiscal year 1966 to the 11 States having cial development highway program in prefer­ Commission are not subject to any review areas in Appalachia is approximately $237 ence to the 50 percent federally financed reg­ by anyone, at either the Federal or State million-about 24 percent of the total au­ ular Federal-aid highway program. Already, levels. Even the review of programs by an thorized for all of the States. The total several of the Appalachian States lag behind independent committee appointed by the amount of interstate highway funds to be in their utilization of Federal-aid highway Secretary of Commerce, as contained 1n the apportioned for fiscal year 1966 to the 11 funds. Five of the States (Georgia, Mary­ President's original proposal, has been Appalachian States is approximately $802,- land, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Vir­ deleted from R.R. 11946 by the administra­ 700,000-more than 27 percent of the total ginia) are substantially below the national tion. There is no provision for audit of the to be apportioned to all of the States. average in terms of obligating funds made Commission by the Comptroller General of The Appalachian region of the United available for -the so-called A-B-C program. the United States or by anyone else. The States may or may not be unique in some And six of the States {Alabama, Georgia, Federal representative, who will control the respects, but it is most certainly not unique in its lack of an adequate highway system. Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Commission, is answerable to no one except West Virginia) are behind national average in If an additional $840 million is to be author­ the President, and to him only because of his terms of obligating Interstate Highway appointive power. ized and appropriated for the construction of funds. highways, it seems obvious that the best The Commission is not a Federal agency, 5. The bill authorizes the appropriation of and it is not a Federal corporation. Clearly interests of the Nation demand that such funds be apportioned to and expended in all $840 million for construction of the Appa­ this federally dominated body is not a State lachian development highway system, but agency; nor is it an interstate agency formed of the States (not a selected few) in accord­ ance with the traditional and equitable for­ does not specify the source of such funds. by a compact between the States and con­ mulas of the Federal-aid highwi;ty laws. The committee heard testimony that the sented to by the Congress. Just what is it? appropriations would be made out of the The Appalachian Regional Commission is POORLY CONCEIVED AND PLANNED HIGHWAY general funds of the Treasury-but there is a new form of instrumentality designed to PROGRAM nothing in the b111 to preclude appropria­ exercise Federal control over a region com­ In addition to its discriminatory aspects, tions out of the highway trust fund, if, at prising several States. It is a hybrid-type, section 201 of the bill, providing for a special some future time, this is considered desirable. federally controlled joint interstate and Fed­ Appalachian development highway program, A WASTEFUL AND INEFFECTIVE FARM PROGRAM eral agency. State membership and partici­ 1s so vague, poorly conceived, and otherwise pation therein has not been specifically au­ objectionable that it should be rejected by To promote the raising of more livestock thorized by the State legislatures, which is the Congress, irrespective of what disposition in Appalachia, section 203 of H.R. 11946 au­ the usual procedure in interstate compacts, is made of the remainder of the b111. It thorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to make although the State Governors may have con­ wouid establish ~n $840 million program grants to landowners in amounts up to 80 sented thereto. It is apparent that this is which would be inconsistent with the prin­ percent of the costs of improving and de­ the first of a series of stich Federal regional ciples of the Federal-aid highway program, veloping 25 acres of pastureland owned by octopuses, which, if not stopped, will extend and at the sam:e time overl~p and compete such landowner in the region. · 22706 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 24 This section raises several serious problems. lated resources of the Appalachian region," "We believe, as a consequence, that sys­ There is an obvious inconsistency with any with an initial authorization of $5 million tematic engineering and economic analyses sound approach to a national agricultural to commence preparation of the plan. This should now be made of the feasibility of program to give Federal funds to landown­ plan may recommend measures for the con­ installing coal-fired generating plants in Ap­ ers of one region for the purpose of bringing trol of floods, the regulation of rivers, the palachia-each located to insure a long­ land into production, while at the same time generation of hydroelectric power, the pre­ range supply of fuel-and each tied into the Federal Government is paying landown­ vention of water pollution by drainage from suitable hydroelectric capacity for peaking ers of other regions to remove better land mines, the development and enhancement of purposes. The transmission network such from production. The production of beef in recreational potentials, the improvement of generating capacity would require and the the United States reached an alltime record rivers for navigation, the conservation and organizational and financial arrangements high last year, and the importation of beef utilization of land resource, and "such other which would be necessary to make such a into the United States also reached an all­ measures as may be found necessary to development possible would also belong in time high in 1963. This increased produc­ achieve the objectives of this section." these engineering and economic analyses. tion and importation of beef brought about No hearings have been held concerning this "We think that among the organizational a decline in gross cash receipts for beef pro­ provision, since no comparable section was alternatives to be studied should be a public, ducers and a reduction in the average net contained in the b111 (H.R. 11065) concerning nonprofit corporation which could obtain price of beef for the producer. Since the which the ad hoc subcommittee held hear­ necessary capital by borrowing on the open U.S. Department of Agriculture has reported ings. Consequently, we cannot be sure as to market. The studies should give considera­ that the high level of cattle slaughter and the full intent and impact of the section. tion to new industrial development that the resulting decrease in average prices will One thing is abundantly clear, however: might be established in Appalachia by rea­ probably be maintained for a substantial pe­ The plan to be prepared by the Secretary of son of availability of large blocks of low­ riod of time under existing Federal regulatory the Army would overlap and duplicate re­ cost power." authority, the increase in beef production in sponsibilities and authorities of the Ten­ In view of the numerous uncertainties and Appalachia is further inconsistent with na­ nessee Valley Authority. This conclusion is ambiguities of this part of the bill, as wen tional agricultural objectives. unavoidable, since approximately half of the as its almost limitless potential for a so­ It ls also difficult to justify the expendi­ Tennessee Valley Authority's area is within cialistic program, we feel it should be recom­ ture of Federal funds for the purpose of the Appalachian region, and more than one­ mitted to the Committee on Public Works placing more land into beef production and fourth of the Appalachian region is within for public hearings and necessary clarifica­ to simultaneously expend Federal funds to the Tennessee Valley Authority area. If the tion. maintain storage facilities for existing beef Tennessee Valley Authority has been success­ surpluses and to purchase excess beef pound­ ful, this provision (and perhaps H.R. 11946) BACK-DOOR REENACTMENT OF THE PUBLIC WORKS age through diversion programs. is not needed. If it has not been successful, ACCELERATION ACT The bill ls not clear as to what constitutes the Congress has been grossly misled, and if Section 214 of the bill is, in effect, a back­ a landowner with respect to the number of the proposed Appalachian region relief bill door reenactment of the discredited and in­ acres eligible for assistance. If four mem­ is really needed, it would seem that the latter effectual Public Works Acceleration Act for bers of one family each own 25 acres of a may be the case. benefit of the 355 counties in Appalachia. 100-acre farm then it is conceivable that One provision of the bill is particularly This section authorizes the Secretary of all 100 acres could ·be improved under the worthy of note: It is provided that the water Commerce who administers both the Area provisions of this section. It is also con­ resource plan to be prepared by the secre­ Redevelopment Aot and public works ac­ ceivable that a landowner could own farms tary of the Army "shall constitute an inte­ celeration programs, to allocate funds au­ in Georgia, Ohio, and North Carolina, in the gral and harmonious component of the re­ thorized by this b111 for the purpose of in­ Appalachian region, and stlll be eligible for gional economic development program creasing to 80 percent the Federal share of assistance for the improvement of only 25 authorized by this act." As noted above, the cost of projects for which Federal grants­ acres--75 acres less than the family of four. hearings have not been held on this section in-aid are provided for the construction or One of the cruelest aspects of this pasture of the bill, so we cannot be certain as to equipment of facll1ties under the provisions improvement section is the false hopes it the meaning, intent, and impact of the sec­ of this bill or any other existing Federal wiH. raise among many of the farmers in tion. However, if this provision means that grant-in-aid prpgram, except for the con­ Appalachia. To subsidize uneconomic farm the Congress is authorizing, in advance, the struction of highways, if funds are available uniJts and to lead these farmers to believe recommendations contained in the plan to therefor under the act authorizing such pro­ that under present conditions they can be­ be prepared by the Secretary of the Army, gram. This provision would even apply to come viable, productive, and economic units, we here record our most vehement protest. projects under the Area Redevelopment Act, when in fact and according to the testimony We refuse to be a party to such abrogation the continuation of which Congress has re­ of secretary of Agriculture Freeman this can­ of congressional control over the expenditure jected, and the Public Works Acceleration not be done even with this pasture improve­ of Federal funds and the direction of Federal Act, for which Congress has not authorized ment assistance, would be a cruel hoax. programs. additional funds, 1f any money should be Twenty-five acres of pasture in Appalachia Implementation of the plan to be pre­ appropriated for these programs. There re­ will support at most only six to eight animal pared by the Secretary of the Army could mains unappropriated $20 m1llion of the units. Improvement of 25 acres of pasture lead to a federally dominated, socialistic pro­ original authorization of funds for the Public simply would not be enough to make a cow­ gram without parallel in this Nation. How Works Acceleration Act, the appropriation calf operation economic, if this is what the such a program would be administered ts of any part of which would make projects bill envisions. A large farm unit would be open to speculation-perhaps by the Corps under that act eligible for grants authorized needed. This pasture improvement section of Engineers, perhaps by a new Federal by this section, even though Congress has will perpetuate the status quo, instead of agency or Government corporation-but the not seen fit to continue that program. doing away with rural poverty. It will, un­ scope of the program would be almost The Public Works Acceleration Act pro­ fortunately, prolong the almost inevirta.ble limitless. vides for only 50-percent Federal participa­ closing of uneconomic farm units. Particular note is taken of the provision tion, except when a State or local community The limitation of the program to pasture that the plan may include recommendations cannot provide an of its 50-percent match­ improvement and development 1s too nar­ concerning "the generation of hydroelectric ing share the Federal contribution may be row to deal effectively with total agricultural power" and "the conservation and efHctent increased up to 75 percent of the cost of problems in Appalachia, but the provisions utilization of the land resource," as well as projects. Public works acceleration grants of this section apply to a sufficiently signifi­ "such other measures as may be found nec­ can only be made for projects in areas des­ cant percentage of the total farm acreage in essary to achieve the objectives of this sec­ ignated as redevelopment areas under the this Nation to affect the overall national ob­ tion." Area Redevelopment Act or in areas of sub­ jectives of the agricultural program, a.nd as The probable direction of the plan may stantial unemployment as designated by the a result this section very seriously jeopardizes be found in the testimony of Secretary of Secretary of Labor in accordance with stand­ the stab111ty of that program. the Interior Udall before the ad hoc sub­ ards contained in the Public Works Accelera­ It is not clear as to which agency of the committee on May 6, 1964, before the section tion Act. This b111, on the other hand, in­ Departmenit of Agriculture wm administer concerning a water resource survey was in­ creases the amounts of Federal grants up to this program. · serted in the bill: . 80 percent of the cost of an projects and au­ This section unduly discriminates againit "Expanded use of coal for electric power thorizes such grants for all areas of Appa­ those farmers of the United States outside generation, new uses for coal, better meth­ lachia, irrespective of whether they are de­ the Appalachian a.rea. In essence, this sec­ ods for mining and processing coal, and im­ pressed or prosperous. tion will be ineffective in Appa.Iachia, and proved energy transportation can make the The Public Works Acceleration Act, which it has an enormously damaging potential region's basic resource more -valuable to its was enacted in 1962 as a highly publicized for other regions of the United States. longrun future and create other job oppor­ solution to the nationwide unemployment tunities.•• • problem, has proved to be a dismal failure-­ A NEW TVA-TYPJI! PBOGBAK "Yet the use of large generating plants in $880 mlllion of the $900 million authorized section 206 of the blll would authorize and Appalachia and the development of extra­ for this program have been appropriated, and direct the secretary of the Army to prepare high-voltage transmission lines to carry this the Area Redevelopment Administration, a "comprehensive plan for the development power to the eastern seaboard 1s only tn a which administers the program, has been un­ and emcient utilization of the water and re- beginning stage. able to show any substantial reduction tri 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 22707

unemployment ac,tually attributable to the Appalachian counties' eligibility for and Appalachian counties' eligibility for and program. It has made glowing reports of the amounts of Federal grants under the amounts of Federal grants under the numbers of jobs created by projects, as dis­ Public Works Acceleration Act (as of Public Works Acceleration Act (as of tinguished from the number of unemployed Apr. 15, 1964)-Continued Apr. 15, 1964)-Continued persons actually put to work, but even these figures have been ballooned out of all rea­ Amounts of Amounts of son, apparently in an effort to secure con­ Never PWAgrants Never PWA grants gressional authorization of additional funds. State and county eligible to counties State and county eligible to counties for PWA ever eligible forPWA ever eligible However, even the administration does not grant (nearest grant (nearest support the bill reported last year by a ma­ thousand) thousand) jority of the Committee on Public Works to authorize another $900 million for this grandiose boondoggle. A.LAB.AHA-continued KENTUCKY-continued The Comptroller General of the United Marion ___ ------$681,000 Rowan ______------$195, 000 States recently submitted two reports to Con­ Marshall ______:. ______------1, 154,000 Russell ______------307,000 gress on the PWA program. The first re­ Morgan______X Wayne ______------116,000 Randolph ______X ------Whitley ____ ------556, 000 port, transmitted on June 3, 1964, advised St. Clair ______------434,000 Wolfe ______------, 1, 848,000 that ARA has overstated the on-site man­ Shelby______------405,000 _____ Talladega 1______------months actually worked on projects from 83 Tallapoosa ______X 518, 000 Total ___ ------27, 561, 000 to 128 percent. The second report, trans­ Tuscaloosa ______X ------MARYL.AND mitted to Congress on June 25, 1964, points Walker ______------581, 000 out that grants of over $21 million were Winston __ ------283, 000 Allegany ______----- ____ _ 1, 134,000 made for 85 projects in areas that no longer •----- Garrett_------0 had substantial unemployment and did not Total ______------20, 827, 000 • Washington ______------272,000 TotaL ______qualify as redevelopment areas. The making GEORGI.A 1, 406,000 of such grants in areas which had sufficiently Banks ______------0 NORTH CAROLIN.A recovered from their unemployment burdens BartowBarrow_------______------320, 000o to lose their eligibility, denied funds to other Carroll ______------642, 000 Alexander______X ------areas which were eligible. Catoosa______X ------Alleghany_------______147,000 Furthermore, the on-site man-year project Chattooga______~ ------Ashe ______--_------___ ----__ _ 267,000 Cherokee______X ------Avery __ ------376,000 costs have been exorbitantly high for many Dade ______------234, 000 Buncombe______X PWA projects, frequently exceeding $50,000. Dawson ______------79, 000 Burke_------X We cannot afford to create many new jobs Douglas ______------0 Caldwell______X ------at this rate. Fannin------.------0 Cherokee_ ------821,000 Floyd______X ------Clay ______------284,000 The expenditure of $880 million under the Forsyth ______------117, 000 Davie______X PWA program has been of little demonstrated Franklin ______------821, 000 Forsyth______X ------­ assistance to unemployed persons through­ Gilmer ______------108, 000 Graham_------232, 000 out the United States, and there is no reason Gordon __ ------132, 000 Haywood ______X ------Henderson! ______------to think that its continuation in Appalachia Gwinnett______X ------50,000 Habersham __ ------538, 000 Jackson ______------89,000 1s going to produce any different results. Hall______X ------McDowell ______X ------In fact, substantial amounts of ARA and Haralson______X ------Macon ______------_------705,000 PWA funds have been spent in Appalachia. Heard ______------190, 000 Madison ____ ---______------_____ ---__ 277,000 Jackson______X ------Mitchell ______-----______------472,000 Mr. William I. Batt, Jr., Administrator of the Polk ______------______0 Area Redevelopment Administration, testified y------Rutherford! ______------0 that ARA has invested some $89 m1llion, or Murrayif~~~______======------~~~~~20, 000 Stokes------X ------Paulding______------O Surry!______------24,000 about 30 percent of all its funds, in the Pickens ______------O hard-hit areas of the Appalachian States. Swain ______------1,354,000 Polk __ ------240, 000 Transylvania_------X ------According to published information, approxi­ Rabun ______------341, 000 Watauga______------159, 000 Stephens ______------43, 000 mately $201.5 million in Federal grants were Wilkes 1_ ------870, 000 Towns ______------413, 000 Yadkin! ______------0 made under the Public Works Acceleration Union ______------469, 000 Yancey ______------,____ 447, 000_ Act during the period from September 1962 Walker ___ ------457, 000 to November 1963 in 266 of the 355 Appa­ White ______------377, 000 Total_------6, 574, 000 lachian counties. This constitutes approxi­ Whitfield------X ------mately 23 percent of the PWA funds appro­ omo TotaL ______------5, 917, 000 Adams______------0 priated for the entire Nation. Athens ______------175, 000 Following is a table listing each of the KENTUCKY Belmont______------1, 977, 000 230, 000 Brown ______------679, 000 355 Appalachian counties named in H.R. BathAdair_------______------______Clermont______------1, 353, 000 11946 and showing their eligibility for and 460, 000 Bell __ ------877, 000 Gallia ______------231, 000 amounts of Federal grants under the Public Boyd ______------1, 013, 000 Guernsey_------369, 000 Breathitt _____ ------1,309, 000 Harrison ______X ------Works Acceleration Act, and a numerical Highland______------0 summary of the same information by States: Carter ___ ------566, 000 Casey ______------0 Hocking ______------418, 000 Clark ! _____ ..: ______------1,697, 000 Jackson ______------283, 000 Appalachian counties' eligibility for and Jefferson 1______------0 amounts of Federal grants under the ClaY------­ 830, 000 Clinton_------368, 000 Lawrence_------1, 010, 000 Public Works Acceleration Act (as of Cumberland_------234,000 Meigs------~------O Apr. 15, 1964) Elliott. ------102, 000 Monroe ______------184, 000 Estill ___ ------823,000 Morgan______------147, 000 Fleming ____ ------0 Muskingum______------5, 678, 000 Amounts of Floyd ___ ------891, 000 Noble ______------41, 000 Never PWA grants Garrard ______------213, 000 Perr__ ------1, 094, 000 State and county eligible to counties Green __ ------­ 0 Pike_------__ ------100, 000 forPWA ever eligible Greenup_------_------_ 1, 617,000 Ross_------518, 000 grant (nearest Harlan __ --_------l, 950, 000 Scioto ______------807, 000 thousand) Jackson_------__ _ ------396,000 Vinton ______------0 Johnson ____ ~------0 Washington ______------787, 000 Knott ___ ------465, 000 .AL.AB.AM.A Knox ___ ------519,000 TotaL ______------15, 851, Ooo BlountBibb ______------_- $309,000 LaureL _------­ 405,000 0 Lawrence __ ------414,000 PENNSYLVANIA Calhoun __ ------893,000 Lee __ _------343, 000 Chambers______X ------Leslie_------­ 62, 000 Allegheny ______------14,635,000 Cherokee _____ ------0 Letcher_------1, 313,000 Armstrong ______------______435,000 Ohllton_ ------­ 178,000 Lewis ______--- --~------__ ------140,000 Beaver______------____ ------3,316, 000 Clay_------0 Lincoln_ ------241,000 Bedford ______------____ ! - __ --- _ 231,000 Cleburne______------__ ------___ _ 133,000 McCreary______------533,000 Blair ___ ------646,000 Colbert __ ------205,000 Madison ______------543,000 Bradford ______------___ ------54,000 Coosa ______------143,000 Magoffin ______------__ ------443,000 Butler_------1,674,000 Cullman _____ ------1, 112,000 Martin ______------25,000 Cambria ______------2,478,000 De Kalb_------318,000 Menifee ______------520,000 Cameron ______------____ ------8,000 EtowahElmore ______------___ ------_ 0 Monroe_------270, 000 Carbon_------1,010,000 4,038,000 Montgomery______------0 Centre ______------______0 Fayette_------______------__ 0 Morgan ______------__ ------53,000 Clarion_------193,000 Franklin_------______634,000 Owsley______------67, 000 Clearfield __ ------___ _ 269,000 J"ackson __ ------1, 481,000 Perry ____ ------1, 364,000 Clinton_ ------418,000 Jefferson 1------______6, 583,000 Pike ___ ------1, 212,000 Columbia______------176,000 Lawrence _------___ _ 0 Powell_------286, 000 Crawford_------1,030,000 Limestone __ ------­ 744, 000 Pulaski ___ ------1, 507,000 Elk_------296,000 Madison_------X Rockcastle ___ ------~ -- 238,000 Erie______------2, 263,000 See footnote at end of table. 22708 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 24

Appalachian counties' eligibility for and Appalachian counties' eligibility for and Appalachian counties' eligibility for and amounts of Federal grants under the amounts of Federal grants under the amounts of Federal grants under the Public Works Acceleration Act (as of Public Works Acceleration Act (as of Public Works Acceleration Act - (as of Apr. 15, 1964)-Continued Apr. 15, 1964)-Continued Apr. 15, 1964)-Continued

Amounts of Amounts of Amounts of Never PWA grants Never PWA grants Never PWA grants State and county eligible to r.ounties State and county eligible to counties State and county eligible to counties forPWA ever eligible for PW A ever eligible for PW A ever eligible grant (nearest grant (nearest grant (nearest thousand) thousand) thousand)

TENNESSEE-continued TENNESSEE-continued WEST VIRGINIA-continued

Fayette ______------·-- ______$3, 169, 000 Washington ______-~--- __ $126, 000 $277,000 Forest __ ------______152, 000 White ______------444, 000 1,886, 000 Fulton ______2,000 J~:~~rc>n.:ackson_------======: ======______247, 000 Greene ______68, 000 TotaL ______15, 007, 000 Jefferson ______------______726, 000 Huntingdon ___ ------______215, 000 Kanawha __ ------______2, 915,000 Indiana __ ------______886, 000 VIRGINIA Lewis ______0 599, 000 Lincoln __ ------______1, 118, 000 Jefferson __ ------Alleghany 1 ___ ------______Juniata_------______16, 000 o Logan ______------______1, 516, 000 Lackawanna ______Bath! ______------0 2, 912, 000 Bland ______X ------McDowell ___ ------______247, 000 Marion ____ ------______580, 000 Lawrence_------______781, 000 Botetourt 1______------O Luzerne ______2, 472, 000 Marshall______------1,022, 000 Lycoming ______Buchanan______363, 000 OarrolL______578, 000 Mason_------1, 282, 000 McKean_------______1, g~~:ggg. Mercer ______"- ______2, 461, 000 Mercer ______Craig ___ __ ------X ------921, 000 Dickenson______178, 000 MineraL ______------_------649, 000 Mifflin ______305, 000 Mingo ____ ------2, 317, 000 Monroe_ ------______302, 000 Floyd______X ------Monongalia ______------2, 477, 000 Montour______Giles______X ______0 Grayson______613, 000 Monroe_------­ 749, 000 Northumberland ______773,000 Morgan_------­ 53,000 Perry_------______87, 000 HighlandLee______------____X ______------593, 000 Nicholas __ ------860, 000 Pike __ ------120,000 1, 548, 000 Potter------______Pulaski__------X ------Ohio_------8,000 Russell ______------0 Pendleton _____ ------____ -----_ 430, 000 Schuylkill ______------______4, 818,000 Scott______283, 000 Pleasants_ ------671, 000 Snyder ______2,000 725, 000 Smyth_------X ------Pocahontas ____ _------Somerset__ ------______742,000 Preston __ ------365, 000 Sullivan ______Tazewell------______660, 000 Putnam _____ ------______59.000 Washington ___ ------X ______------287,000 Susquehanna ___ ------______287,000 Raleigh __ ------2, 655, 000 31,000 Randolph ______TiogaUnion ______------______------_- 673, 000 109,000 ~~:he======-sc------~~~~~~~ Ritchie __ ___ ------88, 000 Roane ______------______Venango __ ------______32,000 5,326, 000 89, 000 Warren_------______964.000 TotaL _ ------Summers ______------______329, 000 Washington ______Taylor ______------1, 723,000 WEST VIRGINIA 243, 000 Wayne ______, ______------202, 000 Tucker______------______321, 000 Westmoreland_------______5, 143.000 222,000 Wyoming______Barbour ___ ------Tyler ___ ------333, 000 4,000 Berkeley______------1, 448,000 Upshur ___ ------324, 000 Wayne ______------BraxtonBoone ______------: -______------_ 629,000 434, 000 TotaL ------______58, 988,000 364,000 Webster_____ ------______! 654, 000 Brooke 1_ ------­ 0 WetzeL _____ ------_____ ------64, 000 SOUTH CAROLINA Cabell_------3,460,000 Wirt__------_------­ 0 Calhoun ___ ------31,000 Wood_------­ 761, 000 Anderson_------_ X ------Clay_------0 Wyoming_------276, 000 Cherokee ______------______10, 000 Doddridge __ ------______92, 000 Greenville ______X Fayette ______2, 042,.000 TotaL ____ ------44, 011, 000 Oconee ____ ------X Gilmer ______274, 000 Pickens_------X Grant ___ _------369, 000 Grand totaL ______: ------201, 478, 000 Spartanburg ______X HampshireGreenbrier_------______------_ 980, 000 TotaL ______72, 000 10,000 Hancock! ______------1,376, 000 1 Once eligible but eligibility now terminated. TENNESSEE Summary of Appalachian counties eligible for and amounts of Federal grants under the Anderson ___ ------X ------Public Works Accel~ration Act (as of Apr. 15, 1964) Bledsoe __ ------­ 271, 000 . Blount______X ------Bradley! ______------487, 000 Public works acceleration grants to Appalachian counties Campbell______140; 000 - Carter_------~- 168, 000 Total Claiborne ______------20, 000 number Number of Number of Number of Clay_------52, 000 State of coun- Appalach- Number of counties Number of eligible Amounts Cocke ______------1, 649, 000 ties in ian coun- counties once ell- counties counties of public Coffee______X ------State ties never gible but ever eli- tbat works ac- Cumberland_------______91, 000 eligible not now gible received celeration De Kalb ______------165, 000 eligible grants grants FranklinFentress_------______------_ 283, 000 . 119, 000 Alabama ______.. Grainger------______0 67 32 6 2 26 20 $20, 827, 000 Greene ______------57, 000 Georgia __ ------159 35 10 0 25 19 5, 917, 000 Grundy ______640. 000 Kentucky ___ ------120 44 0 .,.. 0 44 42 27, 561, 000 Hamblen! ______689, 000 Maryland ______23 3 0 0 3 2 1, 406, 000 Hamilton __ ------______2, 201, 000 North Carolina ______Hancock ______100 29 10 5 19 16 6, 574, 000 124, 000 Ohio __ ------88 24 1 1 23 18 15, 851, 000 Hawkins------~ ------X ------Pennsylvania __ ------67 52 0 0 52 50 58, 988,000 Jackson______390, 000 Tennessee ______O 95 49 7 5 42 37 15, 007, 000 Jefferson 1______Virginia _____ ------100 21 9 3 12 8 5,326, 000 Johnson ______------230, 000 West Virginia ______55 55 2 55 51 44, 011, 000 South Carolina ______Knox_-Loudon ------______------X -·-----274,-ooo 46 6 0 1 10, 000 McMinn ______761, 000 ------= TotaL __ ------920 355 19 ,.: I 266 201, 478, 000 Macon ______------48, 000 !1 Marion ______------113, 000 Meigs ______------O Monroe ______, __ ------90, 000 The above tables show that 67 of the 355 except the construction of highways, for the Morgan,______146, 000 Appalachian counties are not now eligible first 2 fiscal years. Much of this money will Overton______1 ~ ------583, 000 for grants under the Public Works Accelera­ be spent for the construction of public fa­ Pickett______:______O tion Act; nevertheless, they would be eligible cilities such as those constructed under the Polk! ______------0 Putnam______------l, 147, 000 for the even larger 80-percent Federal grants Area Redevelopment Act and the Public Rhea ______------616, 000 under the reenacted public works accelera­ Works Acceleration Act. Over approximately Roane ______------728, 000 tion provisions of this bill. a 2-year period some $290 million in Federal Scott______------251, 000 The failure of public works construction funds have been expended in Appalachia. Sequatchie______8, 000 Sevier ______------681, 000 programs to reduce unemployment or to under the area redevelopment and public provide any enduring stimulus for the econ­ works acceleration progranis alone. If this Smith 1 ___ ------342, 000 omy is evidenced by the very fact that this expenditure (which is $53 million more than t~1t:i~f~-:~==Union ______======______=== -~- ---___- :--_ ------485~190, iiiiii000 bill is now before Congress. This bill author­ the amount authorized for the nonhlghway Van Buren______------198, 000 izes the· appropriation of $237,200,000 to programs in H .R. 11946) had served its in­ Warren ______X carry out all of the provisions of the bill, tended purpose of reducing unemployment, 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 22709 there might now be no special Appalachian papers, I include them at this point in mining would be allowed to continue in these antipoverty legislation before Congress. the RECORD under permission previously wilderness areas until 1989. This was ac­ CONCLUSION granted, and commend them to all cepted on the floor of the House of Repre­ A sudden and dramatic proposal for a "war" Members of the House, as well as tooth­ senta ti ves as part of the overall compromise, on poverty in a particular region has great but it is not necessarily indicative of what ers who are interested in the proper might have happened had there been a sep­ appeal. But dramatics and emotion are no administration of the public lands: substitute for carefully considered and well­ arate vote on Inining alone. Under the bill, conceivect legislative proposals. CURRENT STATUS OF PUBLIC LANDS as passed by the House, the permanent status We are in favor of governmental efforts to LEGISLATION of priinitive areas was left up to future promote the economic well-being of our less (Remarks of Hon. WAYNE N. ASPINALL, action of Congress. Included among the fortunate citizens throughout the Nation. a Representative in Congress from Colo­ items left for future determfoation was the But we believe that those efforts should be rado and chairman of the House Interior matter of mining in those areas now desig­ consistent with the basic concept of govern­ and Insular Affairs Committee, at the 1964 nated as primitive. ment that private enterprise and self-help Mining Convention of the American Min­ In the conference committee with the Sen­ are the keystone, and that massive Federal ing Congress, held at the Portland Hilton ate we were faced with the need to defend intervention should be resorted to only as a Hotel, Portland, Oreg., September 15, any new mining in the areas designated as last and unavoidable measure. 1964) wilderness and with the Senate provision We are opposed to legislation which would Many matters of great significance in the that primitive areas should be designated as discriminate against parts of the Nation in adininistration of the public lands, as it wilderness areas. The compromise that came favor of others. We are opposed to legisla­ affects the mining industry, have taken place out of that conference committee allows the tive proposals characterized by vague and since we last discussed these matters at your mining laws to remain applicable to wilder­ ambiguous programs designed to appeal to convention in Los Angeles a year ago. On ness areas until 1983 and the uses in primi­ emotions rather than reason. We are op­ the executive side, there have been some tive areas will remain as they now are-which posed to the further growth of socialistic, means that they remain open under the min­ new interpretations by the Secretary of the ing laws-until such time as Congress acts bureaucratic programs which promote only Interior concerning the rule of discovery in big government--not the best interests of the to either declassify the area or place it in connection with claims under the mining law the wilderness system. Although the west­ Nation. of 1872. This wm be the subject of a sep­ We believe the House should reject H.R. ern members held the line at this point arate talk by one of the leading mining at­ there is no doubt in my mind that, in the 11946 for the reasons set forth in these torneys of the West and I will not infringe on minority views. absence of good and compelling reasons, his topic. Congress in the future is going to use the James C. Auchincloss, W111iam C. Cramer, In the legislative field there have been John F. Baldwin, Jr., Fred Schwengel, end of 1983 as the cutoff for the applicab111ty four major enactments: the wilderness bill; of the mining laws in those areas now classi­ Howard W. Robison, James Harvey, a bill for the establishment of a Public Land Robert T. McLoskey, James R. Grover, fied as primitive. I therefore urge you to Law Review Commission; a b111 establishing go out and study the wilderness areas and Jr., Carl W. Rich, James C. Cleveland, guidelines for the interim classification of Don H. Clausen. the primitive areas from a scientific stand­ public lands and the multiple-use manage­ point to determine their mineral potential. ment of those public lands retained in Fed­ Under the Wilderness Act, the Secretary of PUBLIC LAND LAW REVIEW eral ownership during the Commission re­ Agriculture wm be required to give public view period; and, fourthly, a b111 establish­ notice and hold public hearings on any Mr. ROGERS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, ing procedures for the sale of public lands proposal to recommend the reclassificatlon of I ask unanimous consent to address the that have been classified as being required a primitive area as wilderness. When that is House for 1 minute, to revise and extend for the orderly growth and development of done and you have any reason to believe that my remarks, and to include extraneous a community or as being chiefly valuable for a specific area is mineralized I urge you to matter. residential, commercial, agricultural, indus­ appear before the hearing and present scien­ trial or public uses, or development. During tific geologic proof that wm become part of The SPEAKER. Is there objection the courses of the morning the details and to the request of the gentleman from the record. It is not suffi.cient to say that projected effect of each of these pieces of we may be locking up some unknown re­ Texas? legislation will be discussed. sources; it is necessary now to have a logical There was no objection. Many of you I know hoped and expected scientific basis for any such opinion. Mr. ROGERS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, that by the time we came to this meeting No primitive area is permitted to be desig­ last week I had the opportunity of at­ we would be able to refer to the wilderness nated as wilderness without congressional ac­ tending and speaking at the 1964 min­ legislation as something in the past, as some­ tion. When the legislation is considered by ing convention of the American Mining thing that had been enacted, and that we Congress I can assure you that we will give Congress in Portland, Oreg. Many mat­ could therefore forget about it. But you weight, in each instance, to the views of the cannot; we cannot. It ls not all behind us Department of the Interior and of geologists ters of importance were discussed at the and I would like to impress on you the needs various meetings. in private industry as to the mineral poten­ as they exist today. tial of an area. If there appears to be good Among the significant sessions of this The wilderness b111 that became law on reason to believe that a particular area is of convention was one concerned with the September 3, 1964, places into a national mineral character I think the Congress w111 use of our public lands in the next dec­ wilderness preservation system 9.1 million respond and either exclude the area from ade. As you know, Mr. Speaker, Con­ acres of land, comprised of tcose areas pre­ the wilderness or leave it open to exploration gress passed, and the President has viously classified by the Forest Service as under the mining laws for a reasonable pe­ approved, legislation for the establish­ wilderness, wild, and canoe. With the ex­ riod of time to permit mineral development. ment of a Public Land Law Review Com­ ception of the canoe area in Minnesota and But in the absence of such analytical evalua­ small areas in New Hampshire and North tion the Congress maiy ignore requests to mission-Public Law 88-606--an act for Carolina, all these lands were open to pros­ leave land open to further mining develop­ the interim classification and manage­ pecting and the staking of claims under the ment. ment of public lands-Public Law 88- 1872 Inining law. By the terms of the Wild­ Another factor that wm most certainly 607-and an act granting interim au­ erness Act the mining law will continue to weigh heavily in future considerations by thority for the disposal of certain public be applicable to these areas until December Congress, relative to mining in wilderness lands-Public Law 88-608. 31, 1983, except that patents wm be granted areas, wm be the manner in which you act At the panel discussion concerning the to the mineral deposits only. to exercise the right to prospect for and de­ use of the public lands in the immediate Those of us in Congress from the Western velop minerals in the wilderness areas deslg­ N. States were almost u~anlmous in seeking nated by the new law. I am sure that you future, the Honorable WAYNE ASPI­ to assure the maximum mineral develop­ wm demonstrate a sense of responsibility. I NALL, chairman of the House Committee ment in these areas being designated as wild­ am sure that you will cooperate with the on Interior and Insular Affairs, outlined erness. The fact of the matter is that we Forest Service personnel in connection with some of the reasons for the establish­ were outnumbered. The fact of the matter, access and the type of equipment to be ment of the Commission and objectives further, is that the majority of the Members utilized in prospecting and mining. of the interim legislation; and Milton of Congress are not aware of the importance The Wilderness Act requires the Secretary Pearl, the committee's consultant on to western communities of developments in of Agriculture to establish reasonable regula­ mining and public lands matters, set the public lands and those from other parts tions to govern prospecting including a re­ forth the manner in which the legisla­ of the country who are aware have no con­ quirement of restoration as near as prac­ stituents who are interested in fostering ticable of the surface of the land disturbed in ture would operate. In my talk, I set western development; but they all have prospecting and location work. The eyes of forth my views concerning the place of some constituents who favor wilderness pre­ the Nation will be on you to see if this is the leasable minerals--primarily oil servation and look upon mining in wilderness feasible. I urge you to cooperate fully with and gas-in the use of the public lands. areas as an act of despoliation. the Secretary in the development of regula­ Because of the importance at this time In our Committee on Interior and Insular tions and thereafter in your operations in of the information contained in these Affairs we worked out a compromise whereby wilderness areas. 22710 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 24 The manner in which you perform in those of the United States. This is still the policy establishment of regulations pertaining to wilderness areas will not only in:fluence Con­ of the United States even though large areas the public lands. The details of the legis­ gress in connection with future wilderness are withdrawn by the executive branch for lation and the manner in which the Com­ areas but may very well be used as a stand­ one purpose or another. Another policy mission will operate will be brought out by ard by which to measure the ability of the enunciated in the 1872 act permitted the one of the members of the panel in our mining industry to effectively practice mul­ location and purchase of valuable minerals later discussion. tiple use on the public lands generally. and the lands in which they were found. Because of the increase in demands for While on the subject of mineral develop­ Although this ls still the policy, and it is use of the public lands, we have provided ment on public land areas, I would lik.e to still the law, you have found it increasingly interim authority for classification and dis­ share with you some very interesting statis­ difilcult to acquire mineral lands under this posal of those lands that are urgently needed tical data that I had developed concerning law. for development. In the act providing for the value of minerals production, including Another example of divergence between classification of lands we were very care­ fuels, in the public land States. In making legislative enactment and executive action ful to make clear that this new act did not this analysis we could not restrict it to the is found in connection with the Death Valley repeal any existing law, including the mining public lands as such because, as you know, National Monument. By act of Congress the and mineral leasing laws, and then to spell valid mining claims ripen into patents and mining laws are specifically extended to the out that nothing in the act shall be con­ thereafter are listed as privately owned Death Valley National Monument in Cali­ strued to restrict prospecting, locating, de­ lands. Therefore, since the 11 Western States fornia. The Solicitor of the Department of veloping, mining, entering, leasing, or patent­ and Alaska were all carved out of the public the Interior, however, has advised the Secre­ ing the mineral resources of the lands in­ domain and, therefore, all ownership is trace­ tary that this law does not bar him from volved. Of course, if any of the lands in­ able to the public domain, I had the statis­ withdrawing lands within the monument volved are withdrawn from mineral entry. tics drawn up to cover those States where grounds from the operation of the mining because of a classification for an inconsistent there still is, overall, a preponderance of laws in the same manner as he would in use, then the mining laws would not be ap­ public lands. other public land areas. Since then we have plicable during the period of withdrawal. The data since 1950 indicate definitely that been advised of a proposal by the National But it is our thought that no such with­ between 20 and 25 percent of all of the min­ Park Service and the Bureau of Land Man­ drawal could be effected unless it is provided eral values produced in the United States agement to withdraw over 48,000 acres of for in the regulations to be issued under come from those areas that are or were public land in that monument and the proposal is this legislation. lands. The year 1962, which is both the last now pending It will be up to you and your representa­ year for which complete statistics are avail­ So, despite. the fact that the Constitution tives to review carefully the regulations pro­ able and also is a typical year, we found that, places the responsib111ty on Congress to make posed by the Secretary of the Interior to by value, 20.3 percent of the oil and gas pro­ rules and regulations for the use and dis­ insure that lands are classified for their high­ duced in the United States came from the posal of public lands, we find the executive est and best use. The requirements that public lands States and 26.8 percent of all exercising increasing control in this direc­ we have for publication of regulations and other minerals produced ln the United States tion. Accordingly, the Public Land Law for public hearings assure wide public par­ came from the public lands States; the over­ Review Commission wm have as one of its ticipation in the rulemaking procedure. all percentage was 23.1 percent. major tasks a review of the legislative and In the public sale b111, to which I referred A glance at a map showing the principal executive responsib111ties and functions in earlier, we have provided for the United mining districts from which ores and con­ connection with the management and dis­ States to retain the mineral interests. If, centrates of gold, silver, copper, lead, and posal of public lands. at a later date, it develops that there are zinc were produced readily disclosed that If these factors were not enough to war­ valuable minerals present, the United States this 23.1 percent ls not applicable to these rant a comprehensive review of the public will get the benefit. valuable minerals. We therefore ran the land laws and their administration let me We on the House Committee on Interior statistics a little differently and found that remind you again of your increasing difilcul­ and Insular Affairs have a feeling of satis­ the western public-lands States and Alaska, ties in obtaining patents under the mining faction, a feeling that we are on the road in 1962, produced 84.8 percent of the value of laws. Just remember that the 1872 mining to new and more meaningful development of these particular minerals-gold, silver, cop­ law provides no details for administration, the public lands. We expect the Congress per, lead and zinc-produced in the United nor does it provide a definition of terms. to carry forward on the job that we have States. I recognize that these particular Under our system of government, therefore, begun. With your cooperation, and the co­ minerals account for only 5 percent of the these matters were left first for determina­ operation of all others interested in the value of all mineral production in the United tion by those administering the law and use of the public lands, we can and wm be States; but these are significant minerals and then for judicial review and determination. successful. their production is necessary not only in The development of the marketab111ty test Under the legislation that we passed, the maintaining the economy but to the growth and other interpretations of the mining law Public Land Law Review Commission is re­ of the United States. have been followed with apprehension by quired to submit its report not later than Whether we talk of 23 percent of all the many mining men. December 31, 1968. Thereafter, it will be up minerals and fuels produced in the United Some people have advocated amendment to to Congress to consider and act upon the States or whether we talk of 84 percent of the mining law to define these factors. recommendations of the Commission. selected minerals, the fact is that the mineral Others have recommended broad revision of This does not mean, however, that in the production from the public lands States is the mining law. Some proposals have re­ meantime all action in connection with pub­ significant. The detailed statistical data are lated to specific issues that affect multiple lic lands wm stop. Quite the contrary is true. . here and can be examined after the meeting use of the public lands. For example, the While we might not be inclined during the by any of you who want to and I shall also Western States Land Commissioners Asso­ next 4-year period to consider comprehensive make them available for publication if the ciation at its meeting at Salt Lake City, public land legislation, I can assure you Mining Congress desires to do so because, to July 20 and 21, 1964, adopted a resolution ad­ that the House Committee on Interior and the best of my knowledge, this type of data vocating enactment of legislation to require Insular Affairs will give consideration to any has never been extracted from the overall the recordation of all mineral locations, legislation that is necessary in the interim figures that are published annually by the whether old or new, in the local omce of management and disposal of public lands. Bureau of Mines. the Bureau of Land Management and "to Likewise, the Department of the Interior I know that these data will be of great require the Secretary of the Interior to ex­ wm. I am certain, continue to administer interest to the Public Land Law Review Com­ peditiously determine the validity or invalid­ existing laws as well as the new temporary mission in its studies during the next 4 years. ity of such claims." legislation in an effort to obtain the maxi­ I think that, by now, most people, and par­ It is impracticable and unrealistic to think mum use and benefit from the public lands. ticularly groups such as this, are generally that we could consider legislation pertain­ Our panel discussion this morning wm familiar with the need for the study being ing to mineral development without consid­ be concerned with the use of the public lands undertaken by the Public Land Law Review ering various competing uses for the public during the next decade. Commission The need for the review has lands. This is likewise true if we were to been discussed by me for almost 2 Y2 years try to consider legislation exclusively for the THE USE OF OUR PUBLIC LANDS IN THE NEXT now. purpose of defining the status of grazers, who DECADE For the record, however, let us review a not only use. the public lands but, in many instances, have made sizable investments in (Remarks of Hon. wALTER ROGERS, a Rep­ few of the salient factors with particular resentative in Congress from Texas and reference to the manner in which you, the the public lands without any assurance of right to continued use. a member of the House Interior and In­ hard rock miners, are affected. The first sular Affairs Committee, at the 1964 Min­ general mining act, which was passed in All of these matters must be considered ing Convention of the American Mining 1866, as well as the 1872 law, which remains in one comprehensive study and that will Congress, held at the Portland-Hilton Ho­ to this day the basic general law governing be the function of the Public Land Law Re­ tel, Portland, Oreg., September 15, 1964.) the appropriation and purchase of public view Commission. At the conclusion of its domain lands containing valuable minerals, study the Commission will be in a position THE LEASABLE MINERALS enunciate the principle that the mineral to recommend comprehensive legislation Our moderator and chairman of this morn­ lands of the public domain are free and open which will enable Congress to reassert its au­ ing's session has talked about some of the to exploration and occupation by all citizens thority and reamrm its responsib111ty for the aspects of the use of public lands by the 1964 CONGRESSIONAL" RECORD - HOUSE 22711 hard rock mining industry. My talk wm be amounts, the bulk of which came, of course, previously been considered commercially us­ directed primarily to development of the from oil and gas leasing. able. We have been told that in some areas nonlocatable minerals. During this past year there have been three considered remote there will be an increased It is important, as we embark upon the outstanding actions in connection with the use of coal for the generation of electricity. Public Land Law Review Commission study development of the nonlocatable mineral re­ Likewise, geothermal steam from the public of all public land laws and of the use of sources of the public lands. The first was ac­ lands will be utilized in remote areas for public lands, that we keep in mind the complished by administrative action of the the generation of electricity. And, at the historical development of the laws pertain­ Secretary of the Interior who, I am pleased same time, the effort will go forward to make ing to mineral development. The mining to report, issued regulations under which possible the production of oil from oil shales law of 1872 declared that valuable mineral helium from the public lands will no longer feasible. deposits in the public lands of the United be wasted and instead can be sold for private All this can be accomplished without await­ States are free and open to exploration and development. I understand that the first ing the report of the Public Land Law Re­ purchase and the lands in which they are proposals for helium development have al­ view Commission. The various laws that we found to occupation and purchase. Because ready been received and that a contract is have enacted in the last 10 years providing of broad administrative and judicial differ­ now under discussion. We shall watch this with great interest. for multiple use of the publlc lands wm, how­ ences concerning the mineral character of ever, be examined by the Commission with petroleum oil, and its locatab111ty under the The other two actions involved legislation that was considered by the Subcommittee on a view to seeing whether there ls any need 1872 act, Congress enacted specific legisla­ for revision in order to make certain that tion. The act of February 11, 1897, provided Mines and Mining of the House Interior and Insular Affairs Committee and resulted in we obtain the maximum benefit from the that lands containing petroleum and other public lands by permitting the extraction of mineral oils and chiefly valuable therefor the enactment of two laws: one increased the acreage limitation on leases for phosphate these resources with minimum interference shall be subject to entry and patent under of other uses. placer claims. development and the other increased the As I am sure you all know, Congress, by acreage limitation for coal leasing. And let I think you should also know that from the act of February 25, 1920, created a cate­ me assure you that our committee, keenly our committee staff discussions with repre­ gory of minerals that coUld thereafter be aware of the competing demands for the use sentatives of oll companies and their asso­ acquired from the United States only by of the public lands, examined very carefully ciations there has been indicated to us that lease. These minerals, commonly referred to into the need for increasing the acreage limi­ the major problems of the oil companies in as the "leasable minerals" include coal, oil, tations. In connection with phosphate, the using the public lands revolve around ascer­ gas, oil shale, sodium, phosphate, potash, new law permits a person, association, or cor­ taining the validity of mining claims, the and, since 1960, native asphalt, solid and poration to take, hold, own; or control phos­ absence of any statutory requirement for the semisolid bituminous rock. phate leases or permits covering up to 20,480 filing of mining claims in Bureau of Land I think we should note that ilhere is now acres of public lands in lieu of the 10,240-acre Management offices, and the absence of statu­ pending before our Committee on Interior limitation previously in existence. In con­ tory protection to provide constructive notice and Insular Affairs, legislation to permit the nection with coal leasing, the new law in­ of documents filed in the land offices, all leasing of public lands for the development of creases from 10,240 acres to 46,080 acres the of which makes the examination of Federal geothermal steam. In this connection it is maximum acreage limitation for the total of tij;les hazardous. In addition, as indicated interesting that, after all these years of op­ all coal leases and permits within one State • by the chairman, the Western states Land that may be held by any person or group. Commissioners Association has focused at­ eration unqer the mining laws, the Mineral Our committee found that these increases Leasing Act, and other disposal laws, the tention on this subject and adopted a resolu­ in acreage limitations were necessary because tion recommending enactment of legislation Department of the Interior Solicitor ruled of increased demands for these minerals in that a person coUld not file a valid placer to require the recordatlon of mineral loca­ the Western States, coupled with increased tions in the local office of the Bureau of Land claim for geothermal steam and that this re­ costs of development, which require that an source could not be disposed of by the United Management. There ls, therefore, no doubt investor be offered the opportunity of suffi­ that this ls one of the questions that wlll States under any existing statute. The clear cient acreage out of which to amortize his inference ls that there may be other mineral be considered by the Public Land Law Review investment and make a reasonable profit. Commission. resources--presently unknown or undis­ The committee recognized, however, that covered-that wm not be subject to develop­ some mineral lands are more productive than The other major problems that the oil and ment under existing law. others; the thickness and density of the gas people have are problems that I think you, From your point of view the significant phosphate and coal beds vary from place to too, experience. These involve the multiple fact, I think, is that in considering future place. Accordingly, in our reports on these use of public lands in the simultaneous de­ uses of the public lands we must recognize b1lls, the commlttee directed the Secretary of velopment of separate minerals; complex the need to not only permit ~ut to encourage the Interior to take into consideration these Federal regulations; and delays in obtaining development of these other mineral resources physical conditions in determining the area prompt administrative decisions, including that I have enumerated, along with the ex­ of the leases that may be held by individual decisions on appeal, on matters affecting the traction and sale of the common varieties of persons, associations, or corporations. use of the public lands. These matters wm sand, gravel, and stone. And let me also During this past year we also came a step all be the subject of consideration by the remind you that the leasable minerals pro­ closer to the development of a full-fledged Public Land Law Review Commission. duce sizable revenues which are shared by oil shale industry. Privately financed re­ In summary, I think that we can predict the Federal Government with the States and search and development have star.ted again. that the emphasis for the future will be on with the reclamation fund. During calendar The Secretary of the Interior haB> appointed more multiple use of public lands with every year 1963, the United States received, exclu­ an Oil Shale Advisory Board, which ls con­ effort to be made to fac111tate simultaneous sive of revenue from oil and gas development cluding its second set of meetings today, to and expeditious development of as many re­ on the Outer Continental Shelf, in excess make recommendations concerning the de­ sources as possible. of $110 m1llion. In all States except Alaska velopment of oil shale. the State receives 37.5 percent of the Federal For our purposes here I think it is sufficient THE USE OF OUR PUBLIC LANDS IN THE NEXT Government mineral revenues; the reclama­ to note that there are approximately 16,500 DECADE tion fund receives 52.2 percent; and the square miles of shale lands in Colorado, Utah, THE PUBLIC LAND LAW REVIEW COMMISSION AND Federal Government retains the other 10 per­ and Wyoming, that the richest of these oil INTERIM PUBLIC LANDS LEGISLATION cent. Alaska, under its statehood act, re­ shale lands are in approximately one mill1on ceives 90 percent of the revenues and the acres of land in Colorado, of which the bulk (Remarks of Milton A. Pearl, mi~lng and Federal Government retains 10 percent in is federally owned public domain, that there public lands consultant, House Interior its general fund. For the record we take are still thousands of claims that were staked and Insular Affairs Committee, at the 1964 note of the fact that the Western States for oil shale as a locatable mineral under the mining convention of the American Min­ Land Commissioners Association at its an­ general mining laws prior to the Mineral ing Congress, held at the Portland Hilton nual meeting this past July adopted a res­ Leasing Act of 1920, and that since April 5, Hotel, Portland, Oreg., Sept. 15, 1964) olution recommending a revision of the al­ 1930, the deposits of oil shale and the public The basic reasons for the establishment location of Mineral Leasing Act revenues lands containing such deposits have been of the Public Land Law Review Commission so that the States would receive 50 percent withdrawn from lease and disposal by the have been stated by Chairman ASPINALL, and and the reclamation fund 40 percent with the President of the United. -States. Congressmen ROGERS, CHENOWETH, and DUN­ Federal Government retaining the same 10 When we add to this background the fact CAN who have also indicated some of the percent it now receives. that our g.eneral energy consumption is in­ aspects of temporary legislation that wlll be It may be well to keep in mind what this creasing, and wlll continue to increase as our in effect during the period of the Commission has meant in dollars to some of the Western gross national product increases, we can only study. The terms of these acts and the man­ States. In 1963, the State of Wyoming, as come to the inescapable conclusion that the ner in which they wm be administered must its share of Federal revenues derived from demand for lea.sable minerals from the public also be kept in mind in any discussion of the mineral leasing received $14.4 m1llion, New lands will likewise increase during the next use of our public lands in the next decade. Mexico received $9.6 million; Alaska, $8.6 mil­ 10-year period. There will be an intensifi­ The legislation establishing the Public lion; Colorado, $3.4 m1llion; Utah, $3.8 mil­ cation of the search for new sources of oil Land Law Review Commission has in it at the lion; California, $2.7 mill1on, and Montana, in fields not previously discoverable under ex­ outset a statement of congressional policy $2 mUlion; 16 other States received lesser isting technology or in areas that have not "that the public lands of the United States CX--1428 22712 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 24 shall be (a) retained and managed or ( b) the Commission cease existing not later than Because of the difficulty that has been en­ disposed of, all in a manner to provide the June 30, 1969. countered at times in designations or classi­ maximum benefit for the general public." There are a few significant factors concern­ fications of Government land areas, the act Both the House and Senate committees stated ing the organization and operation of the also provides that public lands cannot here­ in their reports on the bill that they were Commission that we should keep in mind. after be given a designation or classification taking no position as to these alternatives I think everyone· agrees that the success of unless that designation or classification 1s which were left within the exclusive scope the Commission study and the implementa­ authorized by statute or defined in the regu­ of recommendations to be made by the Com­ tion of its recommendations rests in large lations. There is, for example, statutory au­ mission. measure on the unanimity among the mem­ thorization to classify lands as suitable for Even though there ls no advance determi­ bers of the Commission, without regard to disposal for recreational development by nation by the Congress whether lands should party politics. Accordingly, Chairman As­ State and local government agencies or non­ or should not be disposed of, it ls significant PINALL has suggested that the members of profit private organizations under the Recre­ that Congress has adopted this policy be­ the Commission should not be designated ation and Public Purposes Act. Such classi­ cause, heretofore, except for temporary leg­ until after the November 3d election. In fications will still be permissible. Other des­ islation, congressiional enactments pertaining the meantime the administration, in its re­ ignations and classifications such as "conser­ to public lands were ·either disposition laws quest for a supplemental appropriation cover­ vation management area" will require defini­ or specific reservations for purposes such as ing various items, has included $500,000 for tion in the regulations so that all concerned national parks. The Taylor Grazing Act is the operation of the Commission during the will know in advance the import of such an example of stopgap or temporary legisla­ remainder of this fiscal year, which ends designation and the restrictions on use in­ tion which set up procedures pending the June 30, 1966. If this amount is appropriated volved as a result thereof. disposal of public lands. it w111 permit the Commission to get started This act specifically preserves all existing The Commission itself wm be composed of immediately after its members are named. statutory authorities. In its first sentence it three majority and three minority Members In this connection, the act provides that the states that the act is supplemental to the of the Senate Committee on Interior and In­ organization meeting of the Commission Taylor Grazing Act; section 6 declares the sular Affairs who wm be appointed by the shall be called jointly by the senior Members purposes of the act to be supplemental to President of the Senate; three majority. and who are named to the Commission from the the purposes for which public lands have three minority Members of the House Com­ House of Representatives and the Senate. been designated, acquired, withdrawn, re­ mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs who As has been indicated, the need for the served, held, or, administered; the same sec­ will be appointed by the Speaker; six persons Commission review stems from the inade­ tion states that the act shall not be con­ outside of the Federal Government who wm quacies of the pr,esent public land laws. Be­ strued to repeal any existing law, including, be appointed by the President; and a 19th cause these inadequacies have hampered the but not limited to, the mining and mineral member, who is to be elected by the majority Secretary of the Interior and the Bureau of leasing laws; and section 7 reemphasizes this vote of the first 18, to act as full-time chair­ Land Management in meeting current de­ concept by providing that nothing in the act man. In addition to the full-time chairman, mands :for the use of the public lands and shall be construed as restricting activities there will be a full-time staff director and the because the Committees on Interior and In­ under the mining and mineral leasing laws staff that may be necessary to perform the sular Affairs believed that it would be unwise or entry and settlement of lands open for work of the Commission. • to maintain this unsatisfactory status quo entry and settlement under the public land Each Federal agency that has an interest• until the Commission report had been filed laws. in public lands will designate a liaison officer and acted on, the Congress has also passed Naturally, if action is taken under the act to work with the Commission. These liaison two bills providing for classification and dis­ for classification, the lands must be segre­ officers Will also serve on an advisory council posal of public lands during the period of gated from entry for any and all inconsistent which Will have 25 additional members ap­ the Commission study. The first measure uses. The legislation provides, however, that pointed by the Commission and be repre­ carries forward the idea that some land shall pending completion of the classification ac­ sentative of organizations interested in the be retained and some land shall be disposed tion the segregation shall be in effect for not use of public lands; one of the specific or­ of by directing the Secretary of the Interior more than 4 years. It is expected that the ganizations listed in the act as being en­ to issue regulations establishing criteria to Department's regulations will provide that titled to representation on the Advisory be used in determining which land shall be lands classified for specific uses will be with­ Council is one representative of mining in­ classified for disposal and which land shall drawn from entry and use for purposes con­ terests. In order to provide the Commission be retained, during the interim period, in sidered by the Department to be inconsistent with additional direct contact with those in­ Federal ownership. with the planned use. Then, when the pro­ terested in public lands, the Governor of The legislation specifies that lands shall posed withdrawal is announced, the com­ each State will be invited to designate a be classified for disposal if they ·are required ments of interested public agencies and representative to work with the Commission for the orderly growth and development of groups will assure that maximum multiple and the Advisory Council. a community or if they are chiefly valuable use is accomplished. The charter outlining the scope of the for residential, commercial, agricultural, in­ The other act that will be effective during Co'mmission's work is broad enough to per­ dustrial or public uses or development; and the period of the Land Law Review Commis­ mit the Commission to explore into any as­ further specifies that if they are not to be dis­ sion study sets up the procedures for the sale pects of public land use and management posed of because they are valuable for those of lands classified for disposal. This act, by that the Commission itself may determine to purposes, lands may be retained and man­ itself, does not in any way affect the mining be proper. First, the declaration of purpose aged for ..multiple use purposes which are law. As indicated by the chairman earlier, in the act takes cognizance of the public enumerated as domestic livestock grazing, mineral deposits, if any, will be reserved to land law jungle that has developed because fish and wildlife development and utilization, the United States. of the failure to correlate public land laws industrial development, mineral production, In addition to requiring that land be zoned over the years and concludes that it is neces­ occupancy, outdoor recreation, timber pro­ before it is put up for sale, provision is made sary to have a comprehensive review of both duction, watershed protection, wilderness in the act for ample notice of proposed sales the laws and the rules and regulations in preservation, and preservation of public to permit all concerned to comment thereon. order to determine any revisions that may be values that would be lost if the land passed In harmony with the requirement that the necessary in either the laws or the regula­ from Federal ownership. Public Land Law Review Commission report tions. The Commission is then charged with The definition of all of these matters will be submitted by December 31, 1968, these the responsibility of studying these laws and be included in the Department's regulations, two acts are to remain effective until June regulations, reviewing the policies and prac­ which must be publicized in advance and be 30, 1969. These bills have not yet been ap­ tices of Federal agencies, compll1ng data the subject of a public hearing, thereby giv­ proved by the President. We do have the necessary to understand and determine the ing all concerned an opportunity to express text of the acts as they went to the Presi­ various demands on the public lands both their views. Members of the House Commit­ dent and can furnish additional details of now and in the future, and finally, of recom­ tee on Interior and Insular Affairs have ex­ the legislation. mending modifications in laws, regulations, pressed the hope that these regulations will policies, and practices necessary to provide be so detailed that operations under them the maximum benefit for the general public will avoid disputes in the future. Whether REIGN OF TERROR IN MISSISSIPPI in the retention or disposal of public lands. they will be so detailed will in large measure The act further assures a broad study depend on groups such as yours which can, Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Speaker, through a public lands definition that is all­ in commenting on the proposed regulations, I ask unanimous consent to address the embracing and, in addition to the public point up any gaps that might later present House for 1 minute and to revise and domain, specifically includes all national problems. extend my remarks. forests, wildlife refuges and game ranges. The act then provides that public notice The SPEAKER. Is there objection to As finally agreed upon between the House be given before classifying any tract o.f land the request of the gentleman from New and the Senate, the act will permit a study in excess of 2,560 acres for sale or disposal of between 3¥2 and 4 years with an author­ or for Government management that will York? ization of $4 million to be appropriated dur­ require the curtailment of multiple use. There was no objection. ing the life of the Commission. It is re­ The specific method by which this action Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Speaker, quired that the final report be submitted will be taken will be incorporated in the I rise at this time to express my deep not later than December 31, 1968, and that regulations to be issued by the Secretary. concern over the continued reign of 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 22713 terror which persists in the southwest Mr. CHENOWETH. Mr. Speaker, I are, for the most part, unacquainted with the area of Mississippi. The reign of terror have introduced a resolution, along with problems of the rural, agricultural, and and state of lawlessness in Mississippi, other Members, calling for a constitu­ mountainous areas of the State which are sparsely populated but which are vital to which I described upon my return last tional amendment which will enable a the welfare of the State. summer from a tour of that State, con­ State to apportion one house of its leg­ We hope that the Congress takes appro­ tinues and is becoming more serious. In islature on factors other than population. priate action to initiate the amendment so the McComb area violence has increased. The purpose of this amendment is to that the legislatures during the next few Since August 27, the date When the sum­ nullify the recent decision of the U.S. years will be able to consider it and adopt it mer project was scheduled to end, there Supreme Court, which compels States to as the fair way for representation in State have been 10 bombings of homes and apportion both branches of the legisla­ legislatures. It may have been true that there was too churches in McComb. There were two ture on the basis of population alone. I much rural domination of State legislatures bombings last Sunday night, and one last am hoping that Congress will pass this under the old apportionment formulas and night. resolution at this session so that the State laws. But it can be said that the U.S. On July 6 I warned, "The local Negro States can vote on this important issue. Supreme Court has forced just as unfair a community which will remain in Missis­ I include in my remarks an editorial system upon the States giving the highly sippi when the summer volunteers 'depart from the Pueblo Chieftain of Pueblo, concentrated metropolitan areas control. will face great danger, threats, intimi­ Colo., which is an excellent presentation We must have adequate representation of our situation in Colorado, and the need from both rural and metropolitan areas. We dation and murder." This prediction is must be careful that the sparsely populated being proved tragically true. for this amendment. areas are not crushed under a population I might also point out that some 200 The editorial follows: bulldozer. volunteers and 100 staff workers are APPORTIONMENT AMENDMENT NEEDED carrying on the civil rights projects even The Rules Committee of the House of Rep­ though summer volunteers have de­ resentatives, for the second time in the last OLIN FOUNDATION GRANT TO parted. several weeks, has taken a bill from the COLORADO COLLEGE In addition to the bombings, the local Judiciary Committee headed by Representa­ Mr. CHENOWETH. Mr. Speaker, I tive EMANUEL CELLER and sent it to the fioor ask unanimous consent to extend my police are carrying on a systematic cam­ for a vote. paign of intimidation. Numerous arrests The first bill handled in this manner would remarks at this point in the RECORD. have been made on a variety of charges have set aside the ruling of the U.S. Supreme • The SPEAKER. Is there objection from criminal syndicalism to the fantas­ Court on proportional representation until to the request of the gentleman from tic charge that a homeowner bombed his such time as the State legislatures had an Colorado? own home. opportunity to consider the decision and There was no objection. The situation demands immediate ac­ apply it to their own States. Mr. CHENOWETH. Mr. Speaker, I tion. It is high time that the Federal The bill passed the House by a good major­ call the attention of the House to a grant ity but was defeated in the Senate, even after by the Olin Foundation of New York to Government moved into the situation it was compromised by saying that it was the and mobilized the full resources of the "sense" of the Congress that the decision Colorado College, located in Colorado FBI, not only to deal with this reign should be so considered. Springs, Colo., in the amount of $2,250,- of ·terror, which has been stepped up This action paved the way for the basic 000 for the consttuction of a humanities since the volunteers left, but also to legislative move now contemplated by many classroom and administrative center cope with the fact that the local police Members of Congress. It ts to amend the building. I congratulate Colorado Col­ apparently are engaged in a massive Constitution to provide that in those States lege on receiving this grant. Dr. Lloyd where there are two houses of the legislature, E. Worner, president of the college, roundup of those :fighting for ciVil one may be made up of representatives or rights in that area. senators upon considerations other than stated this was the largest single gift in When the Student Nonviolent Coor­ strict proportional representation on the the history of this 90-year-old institu­ dinating Committee Freedom House was basis of population. This proposed con­ tion, which ranks high among the col­ bombed in McComb on July 8 I advised stitutional amendment would be exactly in leges of the Nation. the Attorney General, "the Federal Gov­ line with what the people of Colorado ex­ The announcement was made during pressed in their votes on amendments Nos. 7 the college's fall convocation by Dr. ernment must step in if the lives of the and 8 in the 1962 election. summer volunteers and those Negroes Charles L. Horn of Minneapolis, presi­ Amendment No. 7 was adopted by a large dent of the Olin Foundation. who are cooperating with them are to majority and amendment No. 8 defeated by be protected." as big a majority. Amendment No. 7 was Accompanying Dr. Horn to the inde­ Mr. Speaker, the battle for human known as the Federal plan wherein the House pendent liberal arts college was James rights in McComb cries out for action. of Representatives was to be made up of one 0. Wynn of New York, vice president and Further bombings must be prevented; representative from each district on a fairly general counsel of the Olin Foundation. the mass arrests must cease. I urge an proportional number of persons in each dis­ The Olin Foundation grant is above trict. The Senate was to be increased by and beyond the college's $5,500,000 Ford increase in the FBI presence in that four Senators, but senatorial districts were area. I urge a thorough investigation not to be restricted to proportional repre­ Foundation matching campaign, now in of past acts of violence and terror. I sentation entirely. Area and economic fac­ its closing stages. urge the Department of Justice to con­ tors could be considered. This is the second major gift Colorado vene a Federal grand jury to investigate Colorado's reapportionment was one of five College has received from the Olin the conduct of the local police and States which the Supreme Court decision Foundation. In May of 1960, the foun­ sheriff's office in relation to the bomb­ ruled unconstitutional. Amendment No. 8 dation announced a gift of $1,520,000 for provided that both the house and the senate the construction of Olin Hall of Science, ings. I urge the Department of Justice would be districted on a proportional basis to invoke sections 241 and 242 of title with no consideration given to other factors. dedicated nearly 2 years ago. 18 of the United States Code and other Thus the proposed U.S. constitutional College officials said the new building statutes to make clear that the Federal amendment, which will be before Congress will be named for the late Willis R. Arm­ Government will provide protection to shortly, would have permitted amendment strong, who received his bachelor's de­ American citizens who are only exercis­ No. 7 to stand just as the people of Colorado gree from Colorado College in 1899 and ing their constitutional rights. voted. served as a trustee of the college for 54 The special session which was called years. promptly by Governor Love passed a reap­ portionment bill on a fairly close propor­ When completed, the four-floor build­ APPORTIONMENT AMENDMENT tional division of the State's population into ing will be the largest on the campus. NEEDED representative and senatorial districts. But This splendid gift will enable us to con­ Mr. CHENOWETH. Mr. Speaker, I it will make the 1965 State legislature about struct a classroom building that will provide ask unanimous consent to extend my as unrepresentative of the State of Colorado, the same ample facilities in the humanities as a whole, as could be imagined. But it con­ remarks at this point in the RECORD and that Olin Hall made possible for the natural forms to the Supreme Court decision. sciences. include an editorial. The three metropolitan areas of the State The SPEAKER. Is there objection will have more than two-thirds of the votes President Worner said: to the request of the gentleman from in the house and the senate. It is true that The Olin Foundation has once again an­ Colorado? is where most of the people live, but these ticipated an urgent need and has responded There was no objection. persons do not live unto themselves. They with financing which will do the whole job. 22714 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 24 Armin B. Barney, chairman of the Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, on zens are eager to get all four feet into the Colorado College board of trustees, said January 21, 1963, I introduced H.R. 2388, Treasury trough; but there are others who the new building, together with Olin Hall which would amend the Social Security ask little of Government except to be left and Tutt Library and the remodeling of Act and the Internal Revenue Code of alone. Palmer Hall, would round out the col­ 1954 to provide an exemption from cover­ lege's classroom building program. Only age under the old-age, survivors, and ANALYSIS OF COLD WAR a gymnasium building and a men's resi­ disability insurance system for individ­ DEVELOPMENTS dence hall remain as priority building uals who are opposed to participation in Mr. TUPPER. Mr. Speaker, I ask needs on the campus. such system on grounds of religious unanimous consent that the gentleman The Olin Foundation was established belief. Unfortunately, no action has from Illinois [Mr. DERWINSKI] may ex­ in 1938 by the late Franklin w. Olin. been taken yet by the House on such a tend his remarks at this point in the After working his way. through Cornell proposal. RECORD and include extraneous matter. University, Mr. Olin founded Olin Indus­ From the standpoint of traditional The SPEAKER. Is there objection tries, Inc., which later became the Olin American respect for the rights of reli­ to the request of the gentleman from Mathieson Chemical Corp. The foun­ gious minorities, this should properly be Maine? dation in recent years has made building classified as "must" legislation. Present There was no objection. grants to selected independent colleges law conflicts with the religious beliefs of Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, last and universities. the Old Order Amish, and the Treasury week the Polish American Congress as­ The new building, which will har­ Department and the Department of sembled for its sixth annual convention monize architecturally with Olin Hall Health, Education, and Welfare, which in Chicago, Ill., and one of the matters and Tutt Library, will be located on the declared a moratorium on forceable col­ which came to its attention was a letter northeast corner of Cascade Avenue and lection of property of the Amish to ob­ from Mr. Stanislaw Mikolajczyk, former Cache la Poudre. It will replace two tain funds for social security payments, Premier of Poland and president of the 19th century buildings, old Coburn Li­ have announced that they will soon have International Peasant Union. brary and Perkins Hall. to resume this objectionable practice. His message to that group, I believe, Construction will get underway in a If religious groups are permitted to ob­ is especially significant in its analysis of few weeks. Completion is expected. in ject to the military draft on religious cold war developments, and I quote it in mid-1966. · • grounds, there is no reason why the same The new building will provide the col­ part: exemption should not be granted in re­ To the delegates of the sixth national con­ lege with a fully equipped 800-seat audi­ gard to the social security system to the vention of the Polish American Congress: torium, 11 classrooms, 5 seminar Old Order Amish, who do not wish to Your convention is held in critical days for rooms, 53 faculty offices, a modem lan­ participate for religious reasons. In the peace and security of the whole world. guage laboratory, an audio-visual room, fact, the Treasury Department has indi­ As loyal American citizens, you undoubtedly and secretarial and stenogr.aphic offices. cated that they see no constitutional ob­ also think about the unfortunate situation Academic departments to be located in of our common mother-Poland-conquered jection to it. and exploited in a colonial manner by the the building are art history, English, Mr. Speaker, this is a matter com­ French and Spanish, German and Rus­ Soviet Union and used for the furthering of pletely above partisan politics. In this Communist aims: to conquer the entire sian, music philosophy, religion, and special circumstance, these people should world. I am also certain that you also think speech and drama. Studio art courses be given support in their religious beliefs. about the tragic fate of the Polish people; will continue to be given in the Colorado I am convinced that the American people the Communist dictatorship tries to rob the Springs Fine Arts Center adjoining the would approve of the fairness, propriety, Polish people of their holy faith, tries to college campus. demoralize the young generation with the and decency of such an action by the aim of training them to become cannon fod­ Announcement of the Olin Foundation Congress. Under permission granted, I grant came at the close of the annual der in the furtherance of their military ag­ include an article which appeared in the gression against the still free peoples of the fall convocation of students and faculty Chicago Tribune on September 23 on this world. in Shove Memorial Chapel. subject at this point in my remarks: I am sure that the convention will again Presiding at the convocation was Paul righteously ask for the recognition of the L. Carson of Englewood, Calif., president AMISH AT WASHINGTON Oder-Neisse line as Poland's western frontier of the Associated Students of Colorado With characteristic nonviolence, some Old and for unrestricted freedom to help the College. Order Amish have counterattacked an old Polish people directly (people-to-people) The convocation was preceded by a adversary at his own headquarters in Wash­ from the United States. colorful academic procession of robed ington. At issue is a pending amendment to I also believe that you will demand tull social security law which would permit reli­ individual freedom for our brothers and sis­ college trustees and faculty. gious exemptions from both payments and ters in Poland; full religious freedom; the benefits. In the absence of such a provision, right of self-determination and complete in­ ROLLCALL VOTE NO. 260 the A.Inish are subject to forced auction of dependence from foreign countries; a demo­ property, in lieu of social security payments cratic system of government and true social Mr. TUPPER. Mr. Speaker, I ask they refuse to make voluntarily. They are, justice without any kind of discrimination. unanimous consent that the gentleman of course, just as scrupulous about refusing I am also certain that you will demand the from New York [Mr. BARRY] may ex­ social security checks. help of the West for the liberation of the tend his remarks at this point in the Incredulous Congressmen could hardly be­ Polish people from the Communist yoke. RECORD and include extraneous matter. lieve they were being visited by lobbyists who It is not true what Khrushchev claims: The SPEAKER. Is there objection wanted nothing from the Federal Treasury, that Polish people do not want freedom. The to the request of the gentleman from but who ask only to opt out of the whole Polish people wholeheartedly yearn for free­ Maine? Federal aid give and take. Picturesque in dom. They demand the earliest possible plain clothes (black, without buttons) and withdrawal of Soviet troops from Poland in There was no objection. full beards, the Old Order Amish gave Wash­ accordance with the agreement of the Big Mr. BARRY. Mr. Speaker, I was un­ ington a novel and somewhat baffling experi­ Three in Potsdam. They also demand the re­ avoidably detained for rollcall vote No. ence. turn of the Polish deportees who suffer in 260. The whole thing must have been new to the Soviet Union. They want free demo­ Had I been here, I would have voted the Old Order Amish, too. For generations cratic elections under international control "yea." they have done their utmost to minimize at the earliest possible date. The Polish peo­ contact with government--refusing military ple demand full participation in the po­ service, refraining from voting or other politi­ litical, economical, cultural, and social ad­ H.R. 2388 cal expression, assuming among themselves ministration of the country. Mr. TUPPER. Mr. Speaker, I ask the care of their aged and needy. For them The Polish people want exclusive control unanimous consent tqat the gentleman to go to Washington 'in an attempt to infiu­ over the foreign policy of Poland. from Illinois [Mr. DERWINS!KI] may ex­ ence legislation must have been nearly as The achievements of the Polish people tend his remarks at this point in the startling to them as to the astonished Con­ during their thousand years of history, the gressmen they visited. RECORD and include extraneous matter. obligations undertaken toward them by the It was a meeting of two strongly contrasted Big Three Powers and the solemn promises The SPEAKER. Is there objection ways of life, a meeting not only dramatic given to them during World War ll, entitle to the request of the gentleman from but instructive. However anachronistic Con­ them to demand help to fUlfl.11 their desires Maine? gressmen found the Old Order Amish, they and aspirations as soon as possible. Also, There was no objection. can learn something from them. Many citi- the Polish people demand that Moscow's 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 22715 agents, their oppressors, leave the country vestigation of the lmbalances of Federal 1&11d And even among the States of the East as soon as possible. The Polish people be­ ownership; the necessity for acquiring addi­ lieve that Moscow's agents in Warsaw are not tional lands for Federal use; the relative there is a wide variance of public owner­ fit or entitled . to "build bridges" between values of lands in the various regions of ship. A chart has been prepared for me East and West. On the contrary, they a.re the country; the possib111ty or desirability showing this disparity by States and by justified in their fear that these agents of of sell1ng land in one area and/or buying areas of the percentage of Federal own­ Moscow in Warsaw w111 do their best to build land in another if there is a proven need and ership and State ownership and both. a wavebreaker to repeal the waves which may in the best interest of the whole people; The figures, particularly those for Alaska, break down the barriers to freedom. They and report its findings to the House of Rep­ are the best available but not precisely also believe that these agents wm turn the resentatives or if the House is not in session tides in Moscow's interest against the very to the Clerk of the House. accurate. At the conclusion of my re­ interests of the Polish people and of the For the purpose of carrying out this marks, I shall insert this chart in the free world. resolution, the committee, or any subcom­ RECORD. With wholehearted greetings. mittee thereof authorized by the committee Now some of this disparity is quite Sincerely yours, to hold hearings, is authorized to sit and natural, first, because of the way in STANISLAW MIKOLAJCZYK. act at such times and places within the which our country was settled from east United States, including any territory, to west; second, because of the laws Commonwealth, or possession thereof, which were passed after the Eastern FEDERAL OWNERSHIP OF LAND-­ whether the House is in session, has recessed States were developed; and third, be­ STUDY IS NEEDED or has adjourned, to hold such hearings as may be required and secure such informa­ cause the intents of some of those laws . Mr. TUPPER. Mr. Speaker, I ask tion as may be necessary to accomplish its have not been accomplished as we shall unanimous consent that the gentleman purpose. see in a moment--Laws: Desert Land Act from New Hampshire [Mr. CLEVELAND] The committee may employ a staff director of 1877; Reclamation Act of 1902; and may extend his remarks at this point to carry on the detail work of the committee so forth. 1n the RECORD and include extraneous and other necessary personnel not to exceed Fourth. The Taylor Grazing Act au­ matter. .. five persons and shall complete its report and submit the same to the House within thorizes the Secretary of the Interior to The· SPEAKER. Is there objection one year from the date of the enactment do certain things "in order to promote to the request of the gentleman from of this resolution. the highest use of public lands pending Maine? its final disposition"-from language in There was no objection. Mr. Speaker, although it is probably the Taylor Grazing Act. It would seem, Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, re­ too late for this legislation to be acted on therefore, that Possibly some of the cently I introduced House Resolution in this session, it is my hope that discus­ western lands might be sold and the 864. Because this resolution is brief, I sion concerning the problem of Federal money used to buy lands where they am including it at this point in the land ownership can be stimulated and might be needed; but this can only be RECORD: that an extensive study can be launched determined after thorough study. We H. RES. 864 early in the next session of Congress. recently passed a bill, H.R. 5498, which Whereas the Government of the United The need for such a study has become authorized sale of public land for urban States, through its many bureaus and agen­ apparent to me in the last few weeks for development and for agriculture but un­ cies, owns approximately one-third of the several reasons. land area of the United States; and less this is further implemented by the Whereas there exists a. regional and State First. The press for and the authoriza­ Congress, it is doubtful it will be done imbalance in Federal land ownership, where­ tion of the purchase of land under the for farming, ranching, recreation, for­ by several States and regions have a large Land and Water Conservation Fund Act estry, or other constructive use. area. of such ownership while others have recently passed by the Congress. There Fifth. Finally, the gentleman from Col­ very small areas; and are doubtless areas around large urban orado, the Honorable WAYNE AsPINALL, Whereas many citizens, groups of citizens, centers of the Population which need ad­ chairman of the Committee on Interior local, State and national leaders have ex­ ditional recreational sites-but there are pressed concern because of the amount of and Insular Affairs, has Pointed out Federal land ownership; and other areas which already have enough many times that the handling of Fed­ Whereas much of the public domain was public land and all it lacks is develop­ eral public lands is a constitutional ob­ held "pending its final disposition" while ment for this purPQse. ligation and duty of the Congress-­ other areas may need additional Federal Second. The taking of land from pri­ article IV, section 3, clause 2, of the Con­ land in certain situations: Now, therefore, be vate hands into public ownership is con­ stitution of the United States. It is lt trary to the system which built and de­ fitting and proper, therefore, for the Resolved, That there is hereby created a veloped this country and made it what it select committee of the House of Representa­ is today. Unless specific need in the pub­ Congress to institute such a study as I tives to be composed of nine members ap­ lic interest is firmly established-and this have recommended in House Resolution pointed by the Speaker, no more than :fl.ve can only be determined .by a study of 864 to determine what and where the im­ of whom shall be from the same party, and these areas-then we should move slowly, balances are; to sell as well as buy lands one of whom shall be designated as chair­ for public recreational purposes; to de­ man. Any vacancy occurring in the mem­ if at all, in this direction. bership of the committee shall be :fl.lied in the Third. From the preliminary informa­ termine the need for additional recrea- same manner in which the original appoint­ tion available it would seem that there . tional areas; to ascertain the imbalances, ment was made. is a wide variance of public land hold­ if any, between States and regions and Said select committee is authorized and ings-both Federal and State-between make a report of its findings and recom­ directed to study and conduct a. complete in- the Western States and those in the East. mendations to the Congress. Public lands in the United Statea

I State Federal land Percent State land Percent Total State and Percent State area (acres) Federal (acres) State Federal (acres) both total (acres :

Alabama __ ---__ ------1, 085, 937 -3.32 285, 939 -.87 1, 371, 876 -4. 19 32, 678,400 Arizona __ -______------32,439, 260 +44.62 9, 211, 909 -12.67 41, 651, 169 -57. 30 72, 688,000 Arkansas ______----____ ---______- ___ ---_------3, 054, 139 +9. 08 233, 287 -.69 3, 287, 426 -9.78 33, 599, 360 California __------44, 995, 775 -44. 90 1, 646,066 -1.64 46, 641, 841 -46. 54 100, 206, 720 Colorado ____ ------_------_- __------23, 978, 041 +36.06 3,263, 913 . +4.90 27, 241, 954 -40. 97 66, 485, 760 Connecticut ______------7, 103 +.22 162, 138 +5.17 169, 241 H.39 3, 135,360 Delaware ______- ___ ------32, 581 +2. 57 22,456 +1.77 55,037 +4. 34 1, 265, 920 FloridaGeorgia______--______-_--______---____--_____--__- -___- ____------______------_-----______------_ 3, 319, 445 -9.56 564, 389 -1.62 3, 883, 834 -11.18 34, 721, 280 2, 037, 428 +5. 46 154, 546 + . 41 2, 191, 974 +5.87 37, 295, 360 Idaho_ -___ ---______- _------33, 764, 565 -63. 78 2, 758, 744 -5.20 36, 523; 309 -68. 99 52, 933, 120 Illinois ______--__ ------_------439, 445 +1.22 112,057 +.31 551, 502 +1.54 35, 795,200 Indiana _____ ----______------______------353,334 +1.52 211,327 +.91 564, 661 +2.43 23, 158,400 Iowa ____ ------155, 707 +.43 154, 992 +.43 301, 699 +.86 35, 860, 480 Kansas ______------_- _-_ -_ - --- 481, 545 + . 91 63, 576 +.12 545, 121 +1.03 52, 510, 720 Kentucky_ ------1,077, 928 +4.22 161, 579 +.63 1, 239, 507 +4.85 25, 512, 320 Louisiana ____ ------1,047, 940 -3.63 319, 725 +I.IO 1, 367, 665 H.73 28, 867, 840 Maine _____ --- ______------128, 329 +.64 262, 115 +I.31 390,444 +1.96 19, 847, 680 Maryland ______------_- ----_-_ ------183,814 +22. 90 202,858 +3.21 386, 672 +6.11 6,319, 360 Massachusetts------; -----.------64, 542 -1.28 264,873 +5.26 329, 415 +6. 54 5.034, 880 22716 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 24 Public lands in the United States-Continued

State Federal land Percent State land Percent Total State and Percent State area (acres) Federal (acres) State Federal (acres) both total (acres)

Michigan------~------3, 252,052 +8.91 4,306, 728 -11. 80 7, 558, 780 +20. 71 36, 492, 160 3, 312, 753 +6.46 5, 121, 317 -10.00 8,434, 070 -16.47 51, 205, 760 1, 514, 391 +5.01 107,067 -.35 1, 621, 458 -5.36 30, 222, 720 1, 695, 322 +3.83 342, 396 + . 77 2,037, 718 +4. 60 44, 248,320 Montana------======---= = =-- = =-- = =------======------======------======- 27, 658, 977 -29. 65 5, 310, 227 -5.69 32, 969, 204 -35.34 93,271, 040 Nebraska------~tm;~i==== ------~ ~ 709, 704 +1.44 1, 686, 718 +3.43 2, 396, 422 +4.88 49,031, 680 Nevada ______------_·c ______60,098,096 -85. 53 53, 920 -.07 60, 152,016 -85.60 70, 264, 320 New Hampshire ______~ --- ______704, 205 84,336 New Jersey ______+12. 20 +I.46 788, 541 +13.66 5, 768, 960 New Mexico ______103, 453 +2.14 288, 859 +6.00 392, 312 +8.15 4, 813, 440 26, 863, 808 +34. 54 10, 945, 418 -14.08 38, 809, 226 +48.62 77, 766, 400 New York ______223, 585 +.72 3, 226, 595 +10.51 3, 450, 180 +11.24 30, 680, 960 North Carolina______------______------______1, 899, 929 +6.05 258, 251 -.82 2, 158, 180 -6.86 31. 402, 880 North Dakota ______2,053, 734 +4.62 959, 616 -2.15 3,013, 350 -6. 77 44, 452, 480 Ohio ______----_____ -----______----______211, 913 -.80 331, 796 +1.26 543, 709 +2.07 26, 222, 080 Oklahoma ______1, 277, 073 +2.89 1,025, 289 -2. 32 2, 302, 362 +5.21 44,087,680 Oregon ______-----______32, 089, 445 +52. 09 1, 621, 605 +2.63 33, 711,050 +54. 72 61, 598, 720 563, 958 +1.95 3,041, 994 +10. 55 3, 605, 952 +12. 50 28, 804, 480 Pennsylvania------Rhode Island ______------_____------______------______-----______------_ · South Carolina______7, 721 -1.14 37, 714 +5.57 45, 435 +6.71 677, 120 l, 129, 243 +5.82 217, 264 -1.12 1,346, 507 -6. 94 19,374,080 South Dakota ______3, 180,088 +6.50 1, 681, 477 -3.43 4, 861, 565 -9.94 48,881, 920 Tennessee ______---______------1, 554.000 -5.81 391, 867 +I.46 1, 945, 867 -7.28 26, 727, 680 Texas------­ 2, 790,026 +1.65 3, 351, 153 +1.98 6, 141, 179 +3.64 168, 217, 600 VermontUtah------______34, 876, 975 -66.18 3,378,344 +6.41 38, 255,319 -72. 59 52. 696, 960 255, 096 +4.29 146, 662 +2.46 401, 758 +6. 76 5, 936,640 Virginia ______----______----______2, 133, 209 +8.36 211, 644 +.83 2, 344, 853 +9.19 25, 496,320 Washington_------12, 529, 487 -29.34 3,375, 908 +7.90 15,.005, 395 +37. 25 42,693, 760 WestWisconsin Virginia ______------. ______955, 337 +6.19 220, 329 +1.42 1, 175, 666 +7.62 15, 410, 560 Wyoming ______1, 781, 355 -5.08 830, 799 +2.37 2, 612, 154 +7.46 35,011, 200 30, 090, 081 +48. 26 3, 863, 941 +6.19 33, 954,022 +54. 45 62, 343,040 ,. . 1---1 404, 161, 873 21.02 76, 475, 723 4.07 481, 637, 596 25.32 1, 901, 717, 120 365, 497, 004 100.004 6, 809, 238 1. 86 372, 306, 242 101. 86 365. 481, 600 233, 170 5.67 1, 524, 722 37.13 1, 757,892 42.81 4, 105, 600 ti~!~;;-~:;;==~~=~~=~~~~?======I Total___ ------~ ------769, 892, 041 I 33.89 84,809, 683 3. 70 855, 701, 730 37. 67 2, 271, 348, 360

Percent of publicly owned land by States and areas

1955 1962

Northeast:Maine ______North Central: New Hampshire ______: ______+1.54 1.96 Minnesota------16. 76 16.47 Vermont ______+12.97 13.66 N orth Dakota __ ------8.26 6. 77 +5.28 6. 76 South Dakota ____ ------11.33 9.94 Massachusetts._ ---______------______Iowa ______--_---- ______+6.21 6.54 Nebraska_-----______+.54 .86 Connecticut ____ ------______+5.23 5.39 +4.78 4.88 Rhode Island. ___ -----____ ,___ --______----_____ ---__ Missouri_ ___ ----____ ----______+2.65 6. 71 Kansas ______----______+4.28 4.60 New York ______------__ +io.99 11.24 +.73 1.03 New JerseY------+5.54 8.15 Southwest: Delaware ___ ------______------______+3.24 4.34 Arkansas ___ ------10.40 9. 78 Pennsylvania.------+11. 11 12.50 0 klahoma __ ------______+4.90 5.21 +4. 58 6.11 Louisiana------­ +4.65 4. 73 +8.64 9.19 Texas------+3. 47 3.64 W:1"J'i!~~==~======West Virginia ______------______+1.00 7.62 West: · Southeast:North Carolina __ --______Montana __ ------­ -35.82 35.34 -7.04 6.86 Wyoming------+53.67 54.45 South Carolina __ ------10.65 6.94 Colorado ___ ------41.05 40.97 Utah ______----______. -75.95 Kentucky ____ ------+3.93 4.85 New Mexico ______·:.. ______72.59 TennesseeGeorgia ______- - _------_ -7.47 7.28 +48.50 48.62 +5.40 5.87 Arizona·------58. 14 57.30 -4.55 4.19 IdahoN evada ______------_____ ------_------___ _ -87.14 85.60 -5.50 5.36 -70.80 68.99 -13.23 11.18 W asbington ______Mf~f~~iii=Florida ___ ---- == =------======---- ======:======------_-- ___ -- ===---- ====-- =_ Oregon ______: _____ ------______+36.80 37.25 Midcentral:Michigan ____ ---______+53.87 54. 72 +19.8t 20. 71 California ______------______------______-49.94 46.54 Ohio.------­ +1.83 2.07 Other: Indiana----·------­ +2.36 2.43 Alaska______-----______(1) 101. 86 Illinois------+1.44 1. 54 HawaiL __ ------:..: ______(1) 42.81 Wisconsin ____ ------______------______+6. 76 7.46

1 No record. SOURCES NOTES On Federal property: "Inventory on Real Property Owned by the United States 1. Some discrepancies in these figures, 1955 and 1962-63 are caused by computer Throughout the World-as of June 30, 1963", GSA. error and incomplete information and surveys. The 1962-63 figures are said to be the ~nJ~a~-B~°E1K~y: "Major Uses of State-owned Rural Land by States and Regions." most accurate yet released (except Alaska). 19 2. 31 States show a gain in public land acreage and 17 show a loss; 33 . .States show a On county and municipal property: "Statistical Abstract of the United States." gain in Federal ownership and 15 show a loss; 31 States show a gain in State ownership 1963. and 17 show a loss. On 1955 figures: S. Doc. No. 100, 84th Cong., 2d sess., "Inventory Report on Federal 3. No comparison of Alaska and Hawaii as no figures available for 1955. Other Real Property in the United States as of June 30, 1955." lands in District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, and other possessions, and land owned in other countries not listed. 4. The plus and minus signs show the States which have gained or lost in State ownership Federal ownership, and both and those States which have increased or decreased m1 public ownership since 1955. ----~~~------~~~~- ANCHER NELSEN'S REPORT ON THE Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, as we ap­ was a session marked by slowness and 88TH CONGRESS proach the end of this long, and in many marred by great tragedy-the assassina­ ways strange 88th session of Congress, tion of our young President. At its con- Mr. TUPPER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the gentleman I want to take time to report some of clusion, we found ourselves with most from Minnesota [Mr. NELSEN] may ex­ the major actions which Congress has major pieces of legislation still waiting tend his remarks at this point in the taken over this 2-year period for the in­ for this year's final decisions. RECORD and include extraneous matter. formation of the people of the Second This 1964 session has been in marked The SPEAKER. Is there objection Congressional District of Minnesota. contrast. Much important legislation to the request of the gentleman from The first session, of course, was the has been passed, and whether it has been Maine? fifth longest in our Nation's history­ good or bad depends on the personal There was no objection. ending finally on December 30, 1963. It point of view. But while we started off 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 22717 this session with a new President, much of the importation of beef and other farmers have been holding on to their work, and a quick pace, we are finding competitive meats in price-depressing wheat in the hope of pushing up the Congress has developed a hobble in mid­ amounts. Realizing the hard-pressed fi­ market price. Dumping cheap feed en­ September with several important items nancial state of the livestock producer, courages domestic livestock overproduc­ stalling adjournment. many of us waged a long and hard fight tion, leading to more woes for that in­ Those of us interested in operating over many months to get constructive ac­ dustry. Government in the black, in seeing that tion, in spite of strong administration While discussing the farm legislation, maximum efforts are directed toward ob­ opposition. here are a few other important points taining fiscal responsibility, can take Legislation finally hammered out es­ we should keep in mind. pride in our efforts to curb unnecessary tablishes a quota system based on the First. The farm parity ratio is down spending. In 2 years, with several key 5-year average of the 1959-63 base pe­ from 80 to 74 since 1960, in spite of the bills still pending-=---and still subject to riod, adds a growth factor of 16 percent spending of billions. more cuts-we have been able to cut and is not triggered until imports reach Second. Government spending on some $10 billion off proposed budgets. a level of 110 percent of the permissible agricultural programs as of the end of This sum, it might be pointed out, amount. This bill does not do all we the last fiscal year was $7.9 billions, $200 represents the total cost of running the asked and many months of delay hurt million over the previous year and $1 State government of l\{innesota for at producers badly. There continue to be billion above last January's budget esti­ least 10 years. questions about its effectiveness. mate. Even with our best efforts, however, it On my part, I tried through testimony Third. Farm mortgage debt has risen continues to be a matter of great con­ before three congressional committees $4 billions since 1960, while the Depart­ cern when first, spending continues at plus the Tariff Commission, through 19 ment of Agriculture has increased its an annual rate of nearly $100 billion a statements here in the House, and more work force from 97 ,000 to 117 ,000 people. year as compared to $76 billion 4 years speeches back home, to establish some And in this time the farm population ago; second, deficits in 4 years have reasonable protection. declined by more than two million peo­ totaled almost $25 billions; third, the The tragedy of the long delay is plain, ple. Federal debt has climbed from $286 bil­ however, when a few short days ago the SUGAR LEGISLATION lion to almost $315 billion since 1960; Government announced that the United It is regrettable that no action has fourth, for 4 years, the Government has States has now become the world's lead­ been "taken this session on my bill, and been spending $17 million a day more ing importer of beef and veal, replacing many others like it, to provide a market­ than its incorr..e; fifth, the Federal pay­ Great Britain. ing quota increase for domestic sugar­ roll for 1964 is $16.2 billion, an increase l\{ost of us supporting reasonable beet producers. Beet producers in of $6.7 billion in 10 years-up 70 per­ quotas, it should be pointed out, did so southern l\{innesota, as well as elsewhere cent---while employment has increased realizing at the same time the great im­ in the State, now face the unpleasant only 2 percent. portance of our $6.1 billion foreign agri­ prospect of cutting back acreage drasti­ It would be impossible, of course, to cultural market and the need to expand cally in 1965 after having increased their discuss all the more than 300 new laws it. production in response to specific Gov­ passed in this 88th Congress. !\{any WHEAT-COTTON BU..L ernment requests. Sugarbeet growers in have been constructive, some we have The wheat-cotton bill was unfair to 23 States are confronted with the penalty doubts about. In any case, here are the farmers of the second district, in my of acreage reductions up to 40 percent. judgment. Under the terms of the bill, some of tke more important actions FEDERAL PAY RAISE our feed grains farmers are required to taken. At a time when we are asking labor TAX REDUCTION take acres out of production and are de­ nied the right to plant any crops on the to hold the line and to check inflation, The tax relief bill was extremely con­ idle acres, while the cotton farmers else­ I could not conscientiously vote for a bill troversial when it first came up in 1963 where in the country are permitted to to raise my own salary as well as the because of the heavy emphasis on plant other crops such as soybeans or salaries of many high Government of­ planned deficits. It turned out to be feed grains on their diverted acres-in ficials. Without question, many Federal more acceptable to the Congress and the direct competition with the farmers of employees in the low salary range need­ American people after assurances of bet­ the l\{idwest. ed some salary adjustment, but we were ter economy and after the President re­ Further, the small wheat farmer who dealing with an omnibus bill having in it duced total budget requests by $3.6 bil­ grows 15 acres or less-and that's 82 per­ a great number of unacceptable pro­ lion. I therefore found it possible to cent of l\{innesota's farmers-is being visions. support personal and corporate tax cuts punished because his little acreage is cut DEBT CED..ING amounting to $11.5 billion. if he complies, and he is suffering low Appalling as it may seem to the peo­ As with all such omnibus bills, how­ prices and no benefits if he chooses not to ple of the second district--who are non­ ever, there were some good and bad fea­ go along with edicts of the Washington partisan in their belief that Govern­ tures included. For instance, I strongly bureaucrats. ment should operate on a balanced budg­ opposed the provision to eliminate the By terms of the bill, 1 % million farm­ et, something it has failed to do 27 times dividend tax credit of 4 percent over a 2- ers get an average of $58 a year in Gov­ in the last 33 years--Congress has raised year period, since many constituents, ernment payments, if they qualified, the debt ceiling six times in little more particularly those retired and living on while 1,300 farmers collect an average than 2 years. I have opposed these in­ savings, have told me they need the credit $14,615 per year. We haven't found any creases every single time as a way of to make ends meet. Further, it is re­ farmers so far in the second district be­ protesting the "spend now, pay later" grettable that we could not enlist sup­ longing to this selective "l,300 set." theories so popular in Washington. port for a tax credit for costs of college !\{any of us tried hard to put language The last increase shoved the debt ceil­ tuition and related expenses. I have in the bill that would prevent the Secre­ ing allowable to more than $324 b11lion. supported this legislation since coming tary of Agriculture from dumping Com­ Our present debt of more than $315 bil­ to Congress and feel it would be of great modity Credit Corporation surplus grain lion, it should be pointed out, is about help to hard-pressed parents with ..chil­ on the market--a practice which imposes $100 billion more than the total debt dren needing higher education. low prices and holds the price of wheat of all the free world countries combined. Another fact lost in the headlines down. But under the procedure adopted Today, interest alone on the debt when the tax cut passed was the welcome by the majority, no amendments were amounts to $11 billion a year or $55.73 reform we managed to insert in the bill permitted on the floor of the House. In for every man. woman and child in the allowing those taxpayers 65 years of age other words, the l\1idwest was denied a State of l\{innesota. I doubt anyone or over relief on the capital gains tax voice in the shaping of this important needs reminding that this enormous bur­ from the sale of their homes. piece of legislation. den will one day have to be paid off by BEEF IMPORTS As a result, reports in mid-September somebody. Probably no issue before Congress has show 90· million bushels of Government CIVIL RIGHTS caused so much firm comment from back wheat have been dumped on the market The civil rights b111 sought to deal with home this session than has the question since July 1 while at the same time many 11 separate objectives but all of them, 22718 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE September 24 unfortunately, were wrapped into 1 so­ EDUCATION BILLS BILLS FROM MY COMMITTEE called omnibus bill. So on final deci­ Education legislation enacted in this I am especially proud of congressional sion, it boiled down to nine very deserv­ Congress included $1.1 billion authorized actions directed to the health of our peo­ ing objectives with the two dealing with for grants and loans for college building ple, which had their beginnings in my public accommodations and fair employ­ construction 'bind $1.2 billion for ex­ committee. ment in controversy. It is important to panded vocatiohal education programs-­ Last year, my Interstate and Foreign bear in mind our own Minnesota State both enacted in 1963, plus more help to Commerce Committee recommended the laws in these two controversial areas are students through loans under extended authorization of a 3-year program of stronger than the act which was passed provisions of the National Defense Edu­ matching grants to expand teaching and by the Congress. I therefore joined every cation Act. research facilities of medical, dental, and member of the Minnesota delegation in Later in this report, I will discuss some related-type colleges. These provisions, Congress in support of the bill. I might other education legislation sponsored by plus a system of student loans, should mention that constituents supported this one of the House committees on which I help eliminate the pressing lack of quali­ measure by a vote of 60 percent to 40 serve, the Committee on Interstate and fied doctors and dentists. percent in my annual opinion poll taken Foreign Commerce. My committee also developed legisla­ this year. NUCLEAR TEST BAN TREATY tion to establish mental health and men­ WILDERNESS LEGISLATION tal retardation centers throughout the The Senate ratified the limited nu­ Nation, in cooperation with State and One of the measures I was delighted to clear test ban treaty in 1963, a decision, local agencies. support this year dealt with our vast it should be noted, which we in the House Of course, one of the bills I feel will be wilderness areas. Preservation of 9 could have no part in since the Consti­ of great importance in solving the prob­ million acres of land in its primitive state tution puts treaty matters solely in Sen­ lem of a critical lack of bedside nurses in federally owned parks, forests, and ate hands. Many nations have since in the Nurses Training Act of 1964, also refuge systems has been provided for the signed the treaty, which bars nuclear a bill from my committee. My commit­ enjoyment of this and future genera­ testing in the atmosphere, outer space, tee amendments, which were accepted, tions. Upward of 61 million. acres will and underwater, but it should be pointed provide for student loans patterned after someday be included. Under certain out that Red China, Cuba, and France the National Defense Education Act, and conditions, hunting, fishing, minin~, and continue to be holdouts to signing. will enable many more young women of grazing will be permitted. FOREIGN AID modest means to enroll in hospital nurs­ Additionally, Congress has enacted Appropriations for our vast foreign-aid ing training programs. two other conservation programs: A land program for the 1965 fiscal year are still OTHER BILLS STILL PENDING and water conservation fund to aid in doubt at this writing. Last year, development of greater recreation facili­ In addition to reapportionment and we managed to cut back the President's foreign aid, other major bills still in the ties was established, and water resources original request from $4.9 to $3.6 billion, research centers throughout the Na­ works include the controversial Appa­ though I still could not find it possible lachia bill, which would cost $1 billion to tion were authorized. These accom­ to support this legislation in view of plishments account for the fact this get started. A part of the administra­ guaranteed credit provisions available to tion's overall "poverty package" in this Congress is being referred to by some the Soviet bloc nations for the purchase as "the conservation Congress." election year, the bill is suppased to assist of U.S. wheat. Incidentally, we now 355 counties in 11 States with welfare and POVERTY BILL know Castro has been getting some of unemployment problems. Over $1 mil­ This bill, passed into law over my ob­ this wheat. lion per year would be needed just to pay jection, proposes to spend more than $1 This year's aid request has been billed administrative costs needed to organize billion the beginning year to fight pov­ "bare bones" in the way of budgets, and the program. erty. It duplicates 42 existing programs asks for $3.25 billion, including $125 mil­ In view of all the other spending ideas already costing in excess of $30 billion lion to build up the Vietnamese military. which have been . enacted in this Con­ in appropriations, and other Federal, SOCIAL SECURITY gress, this bill will not have my support State, local, and private programs Another bill still in doubt-though we if it comes up. amounting to some $66 billion. The passed it easily in the House-is the The Area Redevelopment Administra­ poverty program establishes a Job Corps measure raising social security benefits tion also wants to expand its activities for young people for 2 years, financed across-the-board by 5 percent. The con­ by $3·55 million, but is getting an un­ entirely by Federal funds, as well as a troversy over medicare provisions writ­ sympathetic ear from many of us. domestic Peace Corps, and attempts to ten into the bill by the Senate has de­ Even the Government itself-through do many other things for farmers, small layed its passage so far. the General Accounting Office-has ac­ businessmen, and others. The entire cused the ARA of illegally spending $7 .4 program is under control of the Director FOOD STAMP PLAN million on questionable projects in sev­ of the Office of Economic Opportunity. Under this program, eligible families eral States where no depressed areas ex­ I was gratified that my amendment get $10 worth of food stamps for $6 in isted. This raises the question, natural­ prohibiting political arm-twisting pres­ cash. The plan is expected to cost $25 ly, whether politics or need has been sure in partisan campaign fundraising million the first year, $75 million the the criterion in the distribution of tax­ in the Job Corps was one of few ideas next, $100 million the third year, and $200 payer funds under this program. to win acceptance in amending the bill. million in the fiscal year ending June 30, MINNESOTA RIVER BASIN, OTHER SECOND Throughout this year I have made a con­ 1967. DISTRICT ASSISTS certed effort to halt wide violations of LEGISLATIVE REAPPORTIONMENT After appearing before the House Ap­ the Hatch Act and other laws which My bill on reapportionment-and there propriations Committee, it was gratifying protect civil service employees from po­ are many similar ones---proposes an to be able to obtain $50,000 from Con­ litical badgering and threats of loss of amendment to our Federal Constitution gress for the start of a survey of the job. specifying the right of States to appor­ Minnesota River Valley Basin. It is the 'MASS TRANSIT tion at least one house in their legisla­ hope of all that sound and wise develop­ Another of the more questionable pro­ tures on a basis other than population. ment will prove feasible as a result of the grams enacted this year was the $375 At the moment, leaders in the Senate are study, since this great region affects half million 3-year program of grants and attempting to provide for a delay in the the population of Minnesota and prac­ loans to assist publicly-owned urban effect of the Supreme Court ruling which tically all the Second Congressional Dis­ transportation systems. For many rea­ requires that both houses of State legis­ trict. The survey will consider many sons, I could not support this bill which latures be apportioned solely on the basis factors---fiood control, development for promises to cost many billions within a of population. Differing ideas about re­ industrial and recreation uses, wildlife few years now that the foot is in the door apportionment is one of the major rea­ protection, and water pollution controls. in establishing this new venture on the sons adjournment of this Congress is Following passage of the Library Serv­ part of the Federal Government. ~elayed. ices Act last year, I requested the au- 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 22719 thorization of Mankato State College as the oppressed anti-Castro Cubans who are however, would tie our hands. It is im­ an official Government depository li­ in the majority in Cuba; (d) provide the probable that an exile government would means for Cubans to win back their own have strong connections with a revolutionary brary. Gustavus Adolphus College in freedom. provisional government on CUban soil. St. Peter also bears such a designation A recent report of the Senate's Subcom­ There are other reasons against recogniz­ and with two such depository libraries mittee To Investigate Problems Connected ing a government in exile. Most observers, Government documents will be more ac­ With Refugees and Escapees, said: "Castro including exile leaders, agree it would be diffi­ cessible to residents of the Second Con­ and communism must be expelled from Cuba. cult to find a stable coalition which could gressional District. They will be buried the deepest, if buried by unite the majority of exiles behind it. Too We were also able to be helpful to the Cubans--on the island and in exile." many competing elements exist. Moreover, cities of Mankato, Fairmont, and Worth­ The exile community cannot help accom­ any selection made inevitably would be ington in restoring, at least for a time, plish this objective unless it wins the support labeled a puppet government. of the entire free world. The United States And our ability to work with those left twice-daily plane service to those cities. must take the leadership by recognizing a out would be severely limited, causing many Continued service will depend on the free Cuban Government-in-exile. thus en­ secondary problems to detract from the main Civil Aeronautics Board's "use it or lose couraging the OAS to follow suit. issue of Cuba's freedom. it" policy. Until recently, the strongest argument · On the legal side, a most important factor These then, constitute a few of the sig­ against recognizing a Cuban Government-in­ to consider is that U.S. recognition of an nificant items acted on 1n this Congress. exile was the supposed difficulty of knowing exile government would free Castro of Cuba's In representing the people of the Second which exile group to recognize. The exile obllgations under the Guantanamo Treaty. community itself has answered this argu­ The United States should not make it easier District and in casting my votes, I have ment. Recently, a group named the Comite tried always to be guided by beliefs for Castro to dodge his treaty obligations Pro-Referendum was able to locate 75,103 through direct action or in the United Na­ which are vital to a strong and prosper­ Cubans in exile throughout the world who, tions. But that is precisely the effect our ous America, and by the principles and by reason of age and other normal standards, recognition of a government in exile would convictions expressed to me by the over­ qualified as voters. All were mailed ballots have. whelming majority of the citizens of the on which they could vote for or against a CUba's freedom is important to the secu­ Second District. panel of five widely respected, nonpolitical rity and development of the Western Hemi­ Cuban exiles to represent the exile commu­ sphere. But it is doubtful that a recognized nity. government in exile would lend much sup­ SHOULD THE UNITED STATES REC- · Votes cast in favor of the panel numbered port to the variety of efforts needed in pur­ 40,905. Opposed, 979. Thus, 98 percent of suing this objective. OGNIZE A CUBAN GOVERNMENT­ the votes cast were in support of this group, IN-EXILE? an accomplishment which clearly dispelled the belief that Cubans cannot get together Mr. TUPPER. Mr. Speaker, I ask politically. J. FRANK DOBIE unanimous consent that the gentleman Many claim that recognizing governments­ Mr. ASHMORE. Mr. Speaker, I ask from Florida [Mr. CRAMER] may extend in-exlle has been a historically unsuccess­ unanimous consent that the gentleman his remarks at this point in the RECORD ful way to free captive nations. Maybe this from Texas [Mr. GONZALEZ] may extend and include extraneous matter. is true. But Cuba, unlike the enslaved Eu­ ropean countries, is an island of slavery in his remarks at this point in the RECORD The SPEAKER. Is there objection and include extraneous matter. to the request of the ,gentleman from a hemisphere of free nations. As such, it cannot stand 1f we take clearly needed steps, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Maine? one of which is recognition of a free Cuban the request of the gentleman from South There was no objection. Government-in-exile. Carolina? Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, in the There was no objection. October issue of the American Legion NO (By Senator Pan.IP A. HART, Democrat, of Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, last magazine, the question of whether the Michigan) Friday, September 18, 1964, J. Frank United States should recognize a Cuban A recent report by the Senate Subcommit­ Dobie died. He was a great and wonder­ Government-in-exile is discussed. tee on Refugees "encourages efforts toward ful man. As John Ciardi, the poet and I take the afllrmatlve side of this ques­ finding a broad formula for unity among author, said ln an article for the Satur­ tion; our distinguished colle~gue, Sena­ Cuban exile organizations. • • • A broadly day Review in 1962, he was a hombre. tor PHILIP A. HART, of Michigan, takes based exile organization could authorita­ That he was, muy hombre. the negative. tively address governments, international bodies, and public opinion in the cause of He knew more about Texas folklore Believing the contents of this discus­ Cuban freedom." than any man of his time, and he was sion to be of interest, I am inserting the The report calls "inadvisable," however, a the leading authority on the culture of article in the RECORD at this point: government-in-exile. The subcommittee's the Southwest. He probably did more SHOULD THE UNITED STATES RECOGNIZE A view is heavily weighted on the side of logic to bring southwestern culture to the Na­ CUBAN GOVERNMENT-IN-EXILE? and prudence. tion and the world, to open it for further YES One of the principal reasons is the histori­ cal experience which suggests clearly that study by others, and to help it fi'Jwer, (By Representative WILLIAM c. CRAMER, governments-in-exile offer little substance than any other individual. Republican, of Florida, 12th District) in efforts to regain a lost country. Such He was born on a ranch ln Live Oak One obvious step to rid the Americas of governments tend to lose touch with the County, Tex., September 26, 1888, where communism is the recognition of a free, non­ people inside the country. Yet, in the case he lived until he was 16 years old. He Communist Cuban Government-in-exile. of Cuba, expertly organized internal resist­ went to high school in Alice, Tex., and Historically and traditionally, the United ance wm be an important element in secur­ States has recognized many free govern­ ing the island's freedom. Few Americans or then attended Southwestern University ments-in-exile-and stlll does. Today, for Cuban exiles advocate outright invasion. in Georgetown, Tex., where he received a exa.Inple, we continue to recognize the exiled Responsible exile leaders who command B.A. degree in 1910. He also studied one Governments of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithu­ loyalties within Cuba, logically should assist summer at the University of Chicago ania despite the fact that these European the internal resistance. As the subcommit­ while an undergraduate. ·In 1910 he was countries are republics of the Soviet Union. tee report states, the leaders' ties with Cuba appointed principal of the grade school Conditions necessitating the recognition of "should be encouraged and strengthened in in Alpine, Tex., and 1 year later returned governments-in-exile in other countries exist order to maintain and broaden the fire of to Southwestern University to teach in Cuba today-an alien government occupy­ disaffection and eventual revolt.'' English. ing a previously recognized free country. A popular anti-Castro movement, or defec­ Once a Cuban Government-in-exile is rec­ tion in the armed forces or government, could He had worked as a reporter for the ognized, it can legally receive our assistance well develop into an organized political San Antonio Express during the summer as well as the assistance of other hemispheric alternative to the Castro regime. It is con­ of 1910, and put in another summer as nations. It would fall under the provisions ceivable that freedom fighters could secure a reporter in 1914 for the Galveston of the treaties of Rio and Caracas. It could control of a piece of territory, establish a Tribune. become a member of the Organization of provisional government, and ask for recog­ In 1914 he received his M.A. at Colum­ American States. nition and assistance. The United States­ bia University and joined the faculty at A government-in-exile could, as well, ac­ and the Organization of American States­ complish these objectives: (a) Provide a should be free to take advantage of such de­ the University of Texas the same year. rallying force for all CUban refugees; (b) velopments, and to respond favorably to re­ He was contemptuous of the doctoral de­ give encouragement and help to the Cuban quests for assistance if other conditions war­ gree, saying that obtaining one was "siln­ underground: (c) give courage and hope to rant it. A recognized government in exile, ply transferring the bones from one 22720 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 24 graveyard to the next." In fact, In other words, Dobie did not retreat chairman of the drama department at throughout his life he was a maverick, to an ivory tower and divorce himself Southwestern University, read the con­ an individual who refused to be branded from the social problems of his fellow cluding lines from Dobie's book, "The with values which he could not accept. man. He was an important person in Mustangs." They are worth repeating: During World War I he served as a the academic world who dared to involve I see them running, running, running first lieutenant in the 116th Field Ar­ himself in politics and to involve him­ From the Spanish caballadas to be :tree, tillery. Upon his return from France in self with people. There was a movement From the mustanger's rope and rifle, to keep 1919 he resumed his teaching career at to urge him to run for Governor in 1944, free, U.T. But after a year he left academic but he declined. He was that all too rare Over seas of pristine grass, like fire-dancers life to manage a 250,000-acre ranch on type in higher education, a teacher who on a mountain, the Nueces River, where he developed his cared. Like lightning playing against the unap- idea to collect and retell the legends and In 1943 Dobie went to England, where prochable horizon. folk tales of Texas. He went on to write he succeeded the well-known historian, I see them standing, standing, standing, more than 30 books of what will most Henry Steele Commager, as professor of Sentinels of alertness 1n eye and nostril, likely be classified as "folklore." Yet, he American history at Cambridge. Every toss of maned neck a Grecian grace, did not consider himself a folklorist. Always active and productive, he wrote Every high snort bugling out the pride of the Nor, by his own admission, was he a a number of magazine articles on his ex­ free. scientific historian. In describing him­ periences during this period, and on his I see them vanishing, vanishing, vanished, self he once stated: "I present chronicles return to the United States incorporated The seas of grass shriveled to pens of barb­ of what it was like in past years." them into a book, "A Texan in England." wired property, In 1921 Dobie returned to the Univer­ After his return to the University of The wind-racers and wind-drinkers bred into sity of Texas to teach English for 2 Texas he wrote a new ending to his book. property also. years. At the end of that time he was In it is this meaningful statement: But winds stm blow free and grass stm greens, named head of the English department Here on this campus, believers in the right & And the core of that something which men at Oklahoma A. M. College, a post he as well as the duty to think are combating a live on believing held until 1925 when he returned to the gang of Fascist-minded regents; oil mil­ Is always freedom. University of Texas as adjunct profes­ lionaires, corporation lawyers, a lobbyist, and sor of English. In 1933 he became the a medical politician, who in anachronistic So sometimes yet, in the realities of silence first native Texan to receive a full pro­ rage against liberal thought malign all lib­ and solitude, erals as "Communists," try with physical For a few people unhampered a while by fessorship in the university's English de­ power to wall out ideas, and resort to chi­ things, partment. He received research grants canery as sickening as it is cheap. My mind The mustangs walk out with dawn, stand from the Laura Spelman Rockefeller is paralyzed by this manifestation of "the high, then Foundation in 1930-31 and 1934-35. In American way of life." Sweep away, wild with sheer life, and free, free, free · 1932-33, with the aid of a grant from In 1945 Dobie returned to England to the Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, teach. The regents took the opportunity Free of all confines of time and flesh. he traveled 2,000 miles on muleback to fire him from the University of Texas Dobie died at the age of 75. To the last gathering folklore and material for his in 1947. It was Athens rejecting Soc­ of his days he was productive, and, hap­ work. rates all over again. But Dobie did not The classes he taught were perennial pily, he saw his efforts rewarded. Only take hemlock. He produced more and a few days before his death his wife, Mrs. favorites with the students and unique contributed more to his fellow man and in that he often strayed from the safe Bertha Dobie, received the Medal of to society in any 1 year of his mature Freedom in his behalf at the White House boundaries of academics to discuss con­ life, before and after he was fj.red, than from President Lyndon Johnson. On the troversial subjects. These discussions all the regents combined ever thought of morning of his death he received advance ranged from political personalities to doing. Some of his better known books copies of his latest book, "Cow People." the race question. He called himself the include "A Vaquero of the Brush Coun­ A weekly newspaper column, which he outlaw of the campus. In a university try" 0929), "Coronado's Children" began in 1939, continued without inter­ dependent upon a rural dominated State <1931), "The Longhorns" <1941), "The ruption until the end. One of his latest legislature for its op~rating funds, head­ Mustangs" <1952), and "Tales of Old columns appeared in the San Antonio ed by a politically appointed board of re­ Time Texas" <1955). Light, September 20, 1964, 2 days after gents, such behavior was not likely to his death. win approval. It has always been common for some Eventually he took on the board of men to give lipservice to the concepts of For many years Walter Prescott Webb regents in open combat. Irt 1943 .three liberty and freedom while acting to rob author of "The Great Plains," Roy Bedi~ university teachers were fired for their others of those basic human rights. chek, author of "Adventures With a activities outside the school. Dobie Today, such duplicity is the modus Texas Naturalist," and J. Frank Dobie joined a faculty and student group to operandi of the rightwing extremists. formed an incomparable triumvirate of These are the men whom Dobie fought letters and progressive ideas in Texas. petition for their immediate reinstate­ They are all gone now. ment. all his life; for he dedicated himself to The president of the university, Dr. liberty and freedom in a way which the With unanimous consent I am insert­ Homer P. Rainey, joined Dobie and the reactionaries will never understand. He ing in the RECORD the column of J. Frank others in charging the regents with the knew and fought against the evils of Mc­ Dobie that appeared in the San Antonio suppression of academic freedom. The Carthyism before Senator McCarthy Light, September 20, 1964, an editorial regents prevailed and Dr. Rainey himself forced his foul behavior on the land. In from the San Antonio Express dated Sep­ was forced to leave the university. As a the :Preface to his "Guide to Life and tember 21, 1964, a review of his book result of the incident the school was Literature of the Southwest" <1952) he "Tales of Old Time Texas," which ap­ placed on probation in 1945 by the South­ said: peared in the Saturday Review of Litera­ ern Association of Colleges and Second­ I rate censors, particularly those of church ture, November 26, 1955, and a number ary Schools. Also in 1943, the Manford and State, as low as I rate character assas­ of newspaper stories which have been Act, strictly regulating unions and the sins; they often run together. printed in the past several days. licensing of organizers, became law in He resisted all the hallmarks of [From the San Antonio Light, Sept. 20, 1964) Texas. Doble had this to say: tyranny. He was a free thinker, a free J. FRANK DOBIE: MAN WHO CALLED SELF A man can come to Texas and without in­ spirit, a free man. MARK TWAIN terference invite all the people he wants to There was much significance in the Mark Twain is the one American writer joint the Republican Party, the Liars' Club, fact that Dobie's funeral services were whose name is a household famillarity, not the Association for the Anointment of Her­ only in the United States but across oceans. bert Hoover as Prophet, almost any kind of held on the campus of the University of Many people who know the name have never organization except one. If the Manford Texas in an auditorium named after the read one of his books, just as populations ac­ law is an index of capitalism's future policy, :first native-born Texan to be elected quainted with Don Quixote as a character the people had better begin digging cellars Governor of Texas, James Steven Hogg, are ignorant of Cervantes as his creator. It ror the revolution. At the services, Dr. Angus Springer, seems to me now that I became acquainted 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 22721 with the names of Tom Sawyer and Huckle­ an a version to Mrs. Aldrich the first time he [From the San Antonio Express, berry Finn about as early as I became ac­ saw her that, to quote him, "I do not be­ Sept. 21, 1964] quainted with those of George Washington lieve I could ever learn to like her except on THE MAVERICK PROFESSOR and Patrick Henry. I do not remember when a raft at sea with no other provisions in James Frank Dobie lived almost 76 years. I read "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer," but sight." Twain had, in the words of Howells, At least half of them were spiced with the one of my earliest recollections is hearing my "the love ..Df strong effect which he was apt eccentric personality that Dobie became in mother tell that she had read it aloud to her to indulge through life." Yet, despite his his self-styled maverick teaching profession. sister and brothers and two or three neigh­ wild pleasure in shocking people with ribal­ Dobie fans are legion. He was a folklor­ boring boys at Rancho Seco in Nueces dries and profanities and sometimes savage ist, searching out and recording in numerous County, Tex., while she was still in her young exaggerations, he was the most truthful man books the tales of frontier Texas and the teens. I ever knew. Southwest "authentic lies • • • if it isn't If you look in the card catalog of a stand­ As a sample of exaggeration, Mark Twain true, it should be," he used to say. ard library for a book by Mark Twain, you wrote to Howells: "Could you tell me how I When he died in Austin last Friday, he had will be referred to Samuel Langhorne could get a copy of your portrait as published contributed a rich collection of authentic lies Clemens. Many readers of many books by in 'Hearth and Home'? Bret Harte has been and other material that will be a part of the Mark Twain are not acquainted with the bap­ here and says his family would not be with­ southwest lore for all time. tismal name of the author. out that portrait for any consideration. He Dobie was a shocker. He spoke bluntly says his children get up in the night and yell BECAME RIVER Pll.OT and, very frequently, in colorful, even impu­ for it. I would give anything for a copy of dent phrases. He was not universally adored, Samuel, generally called Sam, was born in that portrait to put up in my parlor. I al­ nor did he want to be. He disdained sham. Missouri in 1835. When he was 4 years old ready have there portraits of Oliver Wendell He was not insincere; he simply fell naturally his family moved to Hannibal on the Missis­ Holmes and Bret Harte. Of all the swarms into a slight exaggeration of the maverick he sippi River. Life in Hannibal and on the that come every day to gaze upon them none really was. He opposed With tremendous Mississippi founded the most creative works go away not softened and humbled and made vigor the intrusions upon academic freedom. in his writing career. He had experienced more resigned to the will of God. If I had Dobie was much honored for his research, life on river steamboats when, at the age of yours to put up alongside of them, I believe writings, and teaching. He was about as 22, he became an authorized pilot. In 1861 the combination would bring more souls to much spice as a university faculty would he piloted the last steamer for a long time earnest reflection and ultimate conviction want at one time; but it was a spice that en­ between New Orleans and St. Louis. The of their lost condition than any other kind riched the .whole and for that he was unique Civil War was on and Samuel Clemens had of warning would give." in his time. no taste for or ambition for soldiering. His In working for years for just copyright brother Orion, secretary to the newly ap­ laws in the United States, Mark Twain [From the Saturday Review, Nov. 26, 1955] pointed Governor of the Territory of Nevada, stood always for justice to others as well as SOUTHWEST SAGE took Sam with him. Sam had already writ­ for self-interest. The way in which English ten and was good at setting type. He learned books were pirated in the United States and (By Stanley Walker) enough about mining to write about it, but sold wholesale without a penny of royalties ("Tales of Old-Time Texas," by J. Frank soon became a reporter on the Virginia City, to the authors graveled the bottom of his Dobie-Little, Brown, 336 pp., $5-is a col­ Nev., "Territorial Enterprise." soul. "If we. only had some God in the lection of Lone Star State stories which com­ He began signing articles with the name country's laws, instead of being in a sweat bines some sound history with some out­ Mark Twain. This, he explained, "is an old to get Him in the Constitution, it would," he rageous folklore. Our reviewer, Stanley river term, the leadman's call, signifying two said, "be better all around." Walker, is a onetime New York editor who fathoms deep-safe water." Mark Twain netted $40,000 on "A Tramp forsook the East for Lampasas, Tex.) Abroad," published in 1880. His brother In his time, and it's been a long time now, TWAIN FROM THEN ON Orion, who had taken him West, simply J. Frank Dobie has been a cowman, a uni­ From now on Mark Twain was his writing could not get along. Mark Twain had a versity teacher, an amateur naturalist, a name. He went on West and wrote for news­ lawyer endow Orion with $20,000, so invested raiser of Spanish goats, a mighty enough papers in San Francisco. It was not until that Orton would be paid $75 a month as hunter and lecturer, and a political dis­ after he had gone to Europe and published long as he lived, and then after that his putant allied with the so-called liberal "The Innocents Abroad" that he wrote widow was to receive the same monthly in­ branch ef Texas democracy. He is the sort "Roughing It" (1872), a highly creative auto­ come as long as she lived. of man who can ride a horse all afternoon, biography of life in the West. I have had cook himself a good dinner of beans and hundreds of students at the University of SPENT THOUSANDS SPECULATING cabrito, and then go to bed to read Texas read it. No other book so expresses, He was a speculator because he believed Herodotus. His smile is wholly disarming. for me, with such volcanic energy the lust for in himself and in good going. He took to a His talk is good-slow, unpedantic, informal, life in men's opening of the West. "Life on patented health food called Plasmon. A And he can listen, preferably around a camp­ the Mississippi" ( 1883) was perhaps even sample of his recommendations of Plasmon fire, until the owls grow drowsy. more a creative autobiography. Many people is this from a letter to Howells: "For 8 The man mystifies some folks. They don't regard "Huckleberry Finn" ( 1885) as the years, raisin-cake, plum pudding, lobster see how such an obvious individualist can greatest novel yet produced by America. salad, candy, ice cream, and all other de­ have any truck with New Dealers. There But I want to get back to Mark Twain as sirable sweet things were deadly to me, and are a few persons who downright dislike man and writer. Many years ago I read Lock­ taboo. After a year of Plasmon all limits him, though there are not enough of these hart's life of Sir Walter Scott. I remember were removed from my appetites, and no to pack a one-room Texas schoolhouse. He nothing out of it so well as Lockhart's saying limits have been put upon them at any time has needled a few rich vulgarians, who can that Scott was greater as a man than any­ since." .He spent multiplied thousands of become very furious indeed. At least one man thing he wrote. This I consider true of Mark dollars year after year backing the invention objected to Mr. Dobie discussing economics Twain. No small-natured individual can of a typesetting machine that would revolu­ in any fashion because he was not an "ac­ write a large-natured book. Hemingway, the tionize printing. It turned out to be only a credited expert." Others dismiss him merely most famous of recent American novelists, prognostication, but losing money never as a spinner of tales, some of them too ri­ with the possible exception of Faulkner, made Mark Twain lose heart. He never pre­ diculous for the attention of serious and wrote nothing of amplitude comparable to tended, "had as soon be in a boiler factory well-heeled citizens. Mark Twain's best and was himself far lack­ as at grand opera." He never finished a pro­ The material in this latest book of Mr. ing in Mark Twain's amplitude. I have re­ posed book that would fully expose "the Dobie's, a collection of old Texas tales (some cently been led again to Twain by a two­ damned human race." His hHarious but of them soundly based in history and some volume collection of letters between him and prodigally ribald "1601 Conversation" was culled from the most outrageous folklore), William Dean Howells, published by Harvard surreptitiously printed first in 1879, has been is precisely the sort of thing that has given University Press. The two men met in 1869. privately printed many times since, but never Mr~ Dobie his unique place in the picture of Howells soon became editor-in-chief of the included in the respectable company of Mark the Southwest. A few years ago, sometime Atlantic Monthly, to which Mark Twain often Twain's works. aifter his return from a year of teaching in contributed. In time, their letters became Many of his opinions concerning the soul, England, he said, in a semihuff, that he would more and more revealing. Their friendship immortality, and God he never gave to the never again praise anything merely because increased in breadth, depth, and intimacy public. He was as generous to the lowliest it was Texan. Well, it is impossible to until Mark Twain died in 1910. Immedi­ of human beings as he was truthful. I close quarrel with that attitude. And yet Mr. ately, almost, Howells wrote "My Mark with this sentence from "My Mark Twain," Dobie is all Texan, and all his aberrations, Twain"-the richest book by one American by William Dean Howells: "Emerson, Long­ such as reading poetry, can hardly disguise writer on another yet published. fellow, Lowell, Holmes-I knew them all and the fact. The present book, in which he re­ all the rest of our sages, poets, seers, critics, tells many old stories and presents versions THE LOVE OF STRONG EFFECT humorists; they were like one another and that he himself has encountered, is what How Mark Twain could say a thing. A like other literary men; but Clemens was most Texans would like to think of as the writer well known to both men was Thomas sole, incomparable, the Lincoln of our litera- real Dobie-the open-faced, artless, charm- Balley Aldrich. Mark Twain conceived such ture." ing, ever so slightly skeptical storyteller. 22722 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 24 Here he tells old yarns about Texas weath­ with the College of Education and School of ton Cemetery and similar plots of earth er, which is as unpredictable as a Texan's Journalism. He said the $100,000 cenotaph lack-vitality." loquacity or reticence; he examines such honoring heroes of the Alamo looked like Doble recently complained that "news­ matters as the woman's dream which saved a grain elevator. papers have been calling me a folklorist for the life of Josiah Wilbarger, who had been Mr. Dobie championed Homer P. Rainey, 50 years, but I'm not. And I'm not a scien­ scalped by Indians and left for dead; he who was fired as University of T~xas presi­ tific historian. brings us up to date on some of his excur­ dent in 1944 after several years of clashes "I present chronicles of what it was like in sions into the field of buried treasure; he with regents over policy matters, including past years." tells of the fabulous stores of honey found academic freedom. This is Dobie's definition of what went in Texas rock formations; he does a little He was author of "Apache Gold and Yan­ into more than 30 books, some of them best­ debunking on Sam Bass, Texas• favorite quie Silver," "A Vaquero of the Brush Coun­ sellers, and countless articles he has written. hoodlum; he examines the evidence touchin' try," "The Longhorns," "Coronado's Chil­ Dobie's writings reflect a love for his home­ on and appertainin' to the Bowie knife; he dren," "The Legend of Ben Lilly," "A Texan land. He was born in Live Oak County. In recounts many creepy and often improbable in England,'' and half a dozen other books 1920, he left a 250,000-acre south Texas ranch tales of the Texas "panther." In short, it about the Texas ranch life into which he was he was. managing to make a profession of is the old, genuine blown-in-the-bottle Dobie, born. chronicling past years in the Southwest. the Dobie who :flourished before he met Hen­ He also had compiled a bibliography of He taught a popular course in Southwest­ ry Wallace and before he began picking holes southwestern lore. ern literature for 20 years at the University in the works of Adam Smith. Gov. John B. Connally said "the world has of Texas, ending his teaching in 1947 after There are many nuggets here that deserve lost a great citizen because his influence was a row with the regents. attention One of first-rate importance is truly felt throughout the civilized world. the lowdown on Pecos Bill, the Paul Bunyan Mr. Dobie was one of the State's beloved JOHNSON of Texas. Somehow the idea has grown up sons." WASHINGTON.-Presldent Johnson said Sat­ that old-time Texans were r.eared on stories urday the death of Author J. Frank Dobie of Pecos Bill and that his prowess grew as J. FRANK DOBIE: COWBOY, EDUCATOR MOURNED has cost the Nation one of its "most gifted, he was discussed in the cow camps long ago. ACROSS LAND colorful, and constructive citizens." Actually this is the purest malarkey. Pecos (By Ernest Stromberger) The President issued this statement: Bill sprang full-grown from the imagination AusTIN.-Friends of J. Frank Dobie, from "Our Nation has lost one of our most of the late Edward S. (Tex) O'Reilly, and President Johnson to neighbors living near gifted, colorful, and constructive citizens the first time any mention was ever made of his modest white frame house, mourned Sat­ with the passing of J. Frank Dobie. His life Pecos Bill in print was in a magazine article urday the death of the cowboy turned edu­ work of recreating our rich regional heritage by O'Reilly in 1923. cator and writer. of the conquistadores and cowboys restored As a sort of apology in his introduction, He died of a heart attack Friday at the age for future generations a treasure that might Mr. Doble says: "Now that I have gathered of 75. otherwise have been lost. together these tales of my land and people Many of the mourners are scholars, the "Mrs. Johnson and I cherished for many they seem inadequate." What he means is type often on the receiving end of sharp years the candor and compassion of Profes­ that most of these old tales are better in their words from the free-ranging, outspoken sor Dobie. All of us can be grateful that oral telling than in print-that they of ne­ Dobie. He had no use for doc~ral degrees­ only 5 days before he died Professor Dobie cessity lost much of their flavor and their "that's simply transferring the bones from received the Medal of Freedom, our Nation's value when set down on paper. This is prob­ one graveyard to the next"-and once recom­ highest civil award, in recognition of the ably true, or partly true. But he has done an mended abolition of the University of Texas contribution he made as a writer and teacher excellent, easy-riding job with a morass of College of Education while a professor there. to the enrichment of our American heritage." scattered materials Some of the mourners, such as Governor Texas already owes Mr. Dobie a great debt Connally and Senator YARBOROUGH are poli­ LoNGHORNS because he was the first articulate person to ticians, another group which has felt the KERRVll.LE.-The president of the Longhorn put across the idea that the life and litera­ sting of Dobie's words. He told at least two Breeders Association credited J. Frank Dobie ture of the Southwest was worth the study Texas Governors they were not flt for the Saturday with helping preserve the breed of intelligent persons. This new collection office, and called one lieutenant governor a when it had almost become extinct. will increase that debt. The main debt, the "homemade fascist" during an argument Charlie Schreiner, who heads the associa­ overshadowing obligation, lies, of course, in after Dobie commented that Davy Crockett tion, said Dobie "was an inspiration to all the simple fact that Frank Dobie is Frank was ignorant. of us to preserve these cattle." Dobie. WARM FRIENDS Schreiner said Dobie's 1940 book, "The Longhorns," did much to revive interest in FRANK DOBIE DIES; WRITER OF FOLKLORE Dobie and Johnson, however, were warm friends. a breed that was wild in Texas about the AUSTIN, TEX., September 18.--J. Frank time of the Civ11 War. Dobie often spoke Dobie, 75, Texas cowboy, author, teacher and He said of the President in July: at historical meetings about the need for folklorist who spoke pithily and plainly "I'm very strong for him, for what he preserving the breed. about the land he loved, died in his sleep to­ stands for and for his ab111ty in accomplish­ Several herds were preserved and the day, apparently of a heart attack. ing what he stands for. association now is registering the cattle Mr. Dobie's wife found him dead when "I don't suppose there was ever a Vice to keep the bloodlines pure. she went to wake him from a nap. President who took over the Presidency so He was among 30 prominent Americans, in­ well informed." BIG CROWD AT F'uNERAL FOR DOBIE cluding Carl Sandburg, who received the Johnson spoke with Mrs. Dobie Friday night, expressing his deep love and admira­ AUSTIN.-Approximately 700 persons gath­ Presidential Medal of Freedom in July. He ered Sunday to pay their last respects to J. was hospitalized at the time because of a tion for Dobie and extending his sympathy to the widow. He said he did not know Frank Dobie, the educator and writer who heart condition. never lost the appearance or free style of the The whitehaired, bushy browed scholar whether he could attend the funeral. Services will be held at 4 p.m. Sunday at ranching people he grew up with and loved. was a self-styled maverick-a range term for Dobie died Friday of a heart attack. an animal that goes its own way, not with Hogg Auditorium on the University of Texas campus. Burial will be in the State ceme­ Two friends, University of Texas Press Di­ the herd. rector Frank H. Wardlaw and Dr. Edmund "I damn sure would rather hear a coyote tery. Survivors include his widow, Mrs. Bertha Heinsohn, pastor emeritus of the University bark than anything I've heard on another Methodist Church, offered remarks at a cere­ man's radio," he once said. Dobie; two sisters, Martha Dobie, of Kerrville and Mrs. T. R. Standford, of Lyford; and a mony in an auditorium on the university His face deeply creased by more than half campus where Doble taught for more than a century of exposure to wind and sun, he brother, Eirich Dobie, of Lamesa. Johnson kissed Mrs. Dobie lightly on the 20 years. was to many TeX!ans the State's No. 1 out­ Dr. Angus Springer, chairman of the drama spoken spokesman, a rugged individualist in cheek when he presented her Dobie's presi­ dential "Medal of Freedom" in ceremonies department at Southwestern University in runover boots and battered Stetson, a drawl­ Georgetown, recited several passages from ing storyteller of the highest order. Monday which Dobie was unable to attend. Although his health prohibited the Wash­ one of the more than 30 books Dobie wrote In 1920, Mr. Dobie gave up a job as fore­ about Southwestern lore, "The Mustangs." man of a 250,000-acre ranch in south Texas ington trip, Dobie never slowed his pace in to make a profession of writing and talking recent years. NEAR FRIEND about the lore of Texas and the Southwest. He received on the morning of his death Dobie was buried beneath a big oak tree He became an English professor at the advance· copies of "Cow People," his latest near his friend, Author Walter Prescott University of Texas and during World War book. His weekly newspaper columns, which Webb, in the State Cemetery following the U he was a visiting lecturer at Oxford Uni­ he began in 1939, continued without inter­ ceremony, which was not a religious one in versity in England. ruption. keeping with Dobie's wishes. Mr. Dobie was an outspoken critic and the In one of the last columns, Dobie wrote Among those in the crowd were the two top center of many controversies." He once ad­ wryly that "So :far as heal th is concerned, administrators of the University of Texas, vised the University of Texas to do away all I lack is what the inhabitants of Arling- U.S. Senator and Mrs. Ralph Yarborough, 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 22723 and U.S. Representative Henry B. Gonzalez, He was a reporter for the San Antonio SENATOR HUMPHREY'S VISIT TO of san Antonio. Express when World War I began and he Speaking of Ddbie's wishes not to have a volunteered as a private. Later he beca.me SAN ANTONIO religious ceremony, Wardlaw said: an officer in the field art1llery and saw over­ Mr. ASHMORE. Mr. Speaker, I ask "He was not an irreligious man and he sea service in France. unanimous consent that the gentleman always respected the faith of others, but to Dobie returned to Texas ranching after from Texas [Mr. GONZALEZ] may extend him organized religion implied dogma and the war but he soon turned to the Univer­ dogma implied a cutoff point for thinking, for sity of Texas for more learning and teaching. his remarks a't this paint in the RECORD questioning. · He began writing and searching the south­ and include extraneous matter. "sPmITUAL MAN west for yarns and tales he called "authen­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to "But while he was not in any formal sense tic lies • • • 1! it isn't true, it should be." the request of the gentleman from South a religious man, he was a d~eply spiritual In 1929, he turned out "A Vaquero of the Carolina? man whose life was motivated by the high­ Brush Country." Two years later "Coro­ There was no objection. est principles of service to others and to the nado's Children," a collection of stories about Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, the cause of right." · buried treasure legends, was published as a Wardlaw described Dobie as "an enligllt­ Literary Guild selection. . district which I have the honor and the ened, courageous, and compassionate citizen Seven other books were published before privilege to represent in the Congress of the world" and remarked of his years at he took a leave of absence to teach American of the United States. the 20th Congres­ the university, many of them embroiled in history at Cambridge. In 1944 and 1945 he sional District of Texas, is the 8th controversy over academic freedom or some taught at a school for American war veterans largest district in th-e country. There other policy. near London. are more than 700,000 people residing in "There will always be less room for sham In 1955 Dobie was honored by the Texas the district. most of whom live in my and pretense and shoddy standards on the 40 Folklore Society, a group he helped start in hometown of San Antonio. The people acres (the university campus) because Frank 1922. He was given the title "Outspoken Dobie was here." Ambassador for Texas and the Southwest." of San Antonio are by nature warm and Heinsohn said Dobie's great influence while He was the first Texas writer to receive two friendly, like our south Texas climate. at the university stems from the fact that of the Texas Institute of Letters' first-place Last Thursday, September 17, 1964, San "he brought a free man" to the campus. awards. Antonians and other south Texans ex­ INDEPENDENCE In his later years Dobie remained active pressed their warmth and friendliness "Again and again he declared his independ­ writing his syndicated newspaper columns, to Senator HUBERT HORATIO HUMPHREY, ence of those things he thought would re­ working on new books and keeping his eye who visited with us on behalf of Presi­ on world affairs. He and his wife, Bertha, dent Lyndon Baines Johnson, and his strict his freedom," Heinsohn said. received old friends often in their modest "We have a way of giving lipservice to free white-fra.me home on a wooded lot they own candidacy for Vice President. enterprise. We usually are talking a.bout free Senator HUMPHREY'S visit was a spec­ enterprise in economics, and stop short of bought in 1962. free enterprise in thought, in speech, in press, In 1957, Dobie was hospitalized with tacular success. Not since the visit of and in religion. pneumonia and subsequently had a severe President Kennedy to San Antonio on "Frank Dobie was a free enterpriser in all heart attack. He slowly recovered and went September 21, 1963, have the people of these areas. He was always with his ideas back to his reading and writing. shown such exuberance and delight in moving into the open market to do battle "It's not so much how long you spend greeting an elected official of the Federal with others and their ideas." on the road," Dobie commented on his 72d birthday, "but how far you travel and how Government. Senator HUMPHREY made much you pick up that's worth picking up." two powerful speeches, one at the new [From the Dallas Morning News, Sept. 19, John F. Kennedy High School and an­ 1964] other before the historic Alamo. Sena­ PROFESSOR ON A HORSE: DOBIE'S NI~KNAMES [From the Dallas Morning News, tor RALPH YARBOROUGH accompanied EARNED AND LIKED Sept. 19, 1964] Senator HUMPHREY and the resounding AUSTIN, TEx.-J. Frank Dobie earned the DOBIE, MAN OF LETTERS, RANKS No. 1 cries of "Viva Johnson" "Viva Hum­ nlckna.mes "Maverick" and "Pancho." He (By Lon Tinkle) liked both of them. berto" "Viva Yarborough" that filled the The white-haired, bowlegged, pipe-smoking J. Frank Dobie was Texas' No. 1 man of air on that memorable day are probably author and educator became known as a letters and in some ways was the most color. still echoing through the streets of the maverick because of his eccentricities, his ful Texas personality of the century. city. informal dress and his outspoken crusading Only last Monday, Dobie received a Presi­ With unanimous consent I would like manner while teaching a.t the University of dential Medal of Honor. On Friday night President Johnson telephoned Mrs. Dobie to insert in the RECORD some of the local Texas. In cattlemen's talk, a maverick is news stories that reported the occasion: a calf that has not· been roped and branded. to express his condolences and to convey his Dobie was called "Pancho" because of his love and admiration for Dobie. [From the San Antonio News, Sept. 18, . lifelong interest and extensive knowledge of Dobie was the first first-rate Texas writer i964] the Latin Americans along the Texas-Mexico of the three generations now living to win MRS. HUMPHREY CAMPAIGNS WELL border. It means "Frank" in Spanish. . national tame. His "Vaquero of the Brush (By Vicki Brandenberger) Dobie also like to be called the best pro­ Country," published in 1929, was central in fessor who ever got on a horse. launching a southwestern boom in writing Mrs. Hubert Humphrey, charming wife of Dobie forthrightly talked himself out of that still persists. He proved to two succeed­ Democratic vice-presidential candidate, w1ll a job at the University of Texas after a 33- ing generations of Texas writers that a Texan probably be living out of suitcases right up to year stint as a teacher of writing and the could live in Texas and write about native general election day in November. lore of the Southwest. He took sides with material without being narrowly provincial or In fact, Mrs. Humphrey announced during Dr. Homer P. Rainey in the former univer­ merely regional. her brief visit to San Antonio with hjir hus­ sity president's losing struggle with the Dobie was legendary for his generosity and band Thursday that she will leave next regents. encouragement to other writers. Among Wednesday for her own private campaign Dobie was teaching at Cambridge, England, those who have paid tribute to his help are junket through the Midwest. when the University of Texas regents tried such memorable southwestern names as Paul "We're planning some exciting trips," she to get him to end a year's leave of absence Horgan, Tom Lea, Fred Gipson, John Howard said as she powdered her not too shiny nose that had been stretched to 4 years. Dobie Griffin, Larry McMurtry, B111 Brammer and before appearing at John F. Kennedy High said he had hay fever and wanted to finish Frank Vandiver. School Thursday afternoon. a book. The regents replied by dismissing A man with a face that seemed to be Mrs. Humphrey's trip, to run almost con­ him in 1947. sculptured in stone, Dobie was a monument currently wi·th Mrs. Lyndon Johnson's Dobie wrote more than 30 books and hun­ of integrity and independence. He was typi­ whistlestop tour, will include visits to Wich­ dreds of magazine articles. He always had ita and Topeka, Kans.; Centerv1lle and Des cal of Texas in his tearless self-reliance, in Moines, Iowa; Madison and Kenosha, Wis.; two or three books laid out and ready for his looking for authority, not in institutions, writing. Waukegan and Aurora, Ill.; South Bend, La­ but within himself and within his own fayette, and Indianapolis, Ind.; and Cleve­ Dobie was born on a ranch in Live Oak conscience. County and grew up in the brush country land, Ohio. between the Nueces River and the Rio It is usually agreed that with his late She will join her husband in Cleveland on Grande. He graduated from a little ranch friend, Walter Prescott Webb, and with September 27 for a dinner rally. school to a town school and finally to South­ Katherine Anne Porter. ("Ship of Fools"), he But politicking is not at all new to Muriel western University at Georgetown, Tex. In is one of the three great contributions to the Humphrey. She actually began stumping in 1914 he received a master's degree from civilized life and artistic achievement that 1943, when her husband, then politically un­ Columbia University in New York. Texas has made in this century. known, ran in an eight-man race for mayor 22724 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 24 of Minneapolis. She has rung doorbells and It was at the hLgh school where HUM­ field commanders they can explode them at delivered speeches ever since. PHREY touched on the HemisFair and the their own discretion. Mrs. Humphrey is apparently a good trav­ barge canal, both projects launched by GON­ PROGRESS CI'J'ED eler. She stepped from the campaign plane ZALEZ. HUMPHREY said opposition spokesmen are looking fresh and alert, wearing a bright pink "The only way you can be sure the fair wrong in saying the United States is losing jersey shift gathered at the waist with a will be realized is to make sure the man from and communism is gaining. He said today rope belt. Her only jewelry was a gold pin Texas, who's also for the fair, is reelected," America is mightier than ever, Western which held a pink ring scarf in place. he said. And he said the enthusiastic sup­ Europe is strong and prosperous, and the "Oh, I've never been here before," she com­ port of the Democratic administration would Alliance for Progress is progressing. mented to San Antonio women Mrs. Sarah help make sure the canal would "not be filled He noted freedom is gaining, the Commu­ McClure, Mrs. Mary Ward, and Mrs. John with the sands of Arizona." nists are fighting among themselves, the Alaniz. "It's delightful to be here." HUMPHREY said both GONZALEZ and YAR­ Sino-Soviet split is real, the Eastern nations Mrs. Humphrey and State representative BOROUGH joined him in voting for funds for of Europe are seeking more freedom, and Jake Johnson compared notes on relatives aid to education. He said those funds as­ "Khrushchev has more trouble in 1 day who hail from Minnesota. sisted medical schools "just like you're try­ than America has in a year:" After the speeches and tours, the grey­ ing to build in San Antonio," and he said HUMPHREY, whose delivery ranges up to 250 haired, blue-eyed Mrs. Humphrey again GOLDWATER voted against the bill to pro­ words a minute and who was accompanied boarded the plane at International Airport vide those funds. to San Antonio by his wife, said the Ameri­ and visibly slumped with relief and probably IMMEDIATE RAPPORT can people should feel uneasy when a candi­ exhaustion. · Establishing an immediate rapport with date for the Presidency extolls the virtues of Traveling with Mrs. Humphrey until the his young audience at the school, HUMPHREY extremism in American politics says he will election are Mrs. Geri Joseph, national com­ said Federal funds helped build the new not indulge in personalities in the campaign, mitteewoman from Minnesota, and Miss school, and that the school and hundreds of advocates negotiation of the future of Viet­ Carol Herzman, private secretary to the nomi­ other schools are participating in the school nam with the Chinese Reds, proposes social nee's wife. lunch program and Federal aid for impacted security be made voluntary, suggests the sale Smartly dressed and emcient, both women areas under a Democratic administration. of the Tennessee Valley Authority, opposes are quick with compliments about Mrs. "I'm proud of it and I don't think it's and votes against a Federal income tax cut, Humphrey and praise for the political prowess taken away any of our freedom," HUMPHREY and then changes his mind. of the vice-presidential nominee. observed. Terming GOLDWATER a man who "No wonder the temporary spokesman of doesn't want the Federal Government to the Republican Party finds the American people uneasy," HUMPHREY said. "His pre­ [From the San Antonio Express, Sept. 18, help the people, HUMPHREY said, the Federal 1964) and State Governments belong to the people. posterous display of revision, retraction, and He said America is on the move again and repudiation makes everyone uneasy. The HUMPHREY Woos SAN ANTONIO FOR VOTES "if Senator GOLDWATER put the lenses in his American people know they can't wait until (By James McCrory) glasses he would know it." Saturday to learn what the President of the United States meant to say on Wednesday. Democratic vice-presidential nominee Hu­ Reciting the various programs instituted by the Democratic administration but passed The American people know we need as Presi­ BERT H. HUMPHREY Thursday declared a Dem­ dent a man who means what he says and says ocratic administration would give San An­ with the aid of a number of Republicans, tonio more assurance of a HemisFair in 1968 HUMPHREY said "most Ameri0ans, most Sen­ what he means." ators, most Congressmen" voted for them but Pledging the Johnson administration will and a navigable barge canal than would a continue to keep America moving forward in Republican administration. not Senator GOLDWATER. His audience joined him in the litany, reciting "But Not Senator the 1960's, HUMPHREY said on the basis of his Carrying the Democratic campaign to the philosophy and on the strength of his public heart of Texas, the 53-year-old Minnesotan GOLDWATER." NO LENSES record GOLDWATER cannot make that pledge received a rousing Democratic welcome as to the American people. he stumped for votes in a torrid 3 hours in Telling his audience in the school audi­ "The Kennedy-Johnson administration San Antonio. torium that President Johnson understands, has kept its promises,'' HUMPHREY said. The first candidate for President or Vice history and the times in which we live, and "The Texas farmer, for example, has done President to visit the Alamo City in the 1964 the course of events now and in the future, well in these Democratic years. Gross in­ presidential campaign, HUMPHREY crowded HUMPHREY said GOLDWATER has "no lenses come per farm has increased 25 percent. two speeches, a stopofi' at the John F. Ken­ in his glasses, no months on his calendar, Price support payments have doubled. And nedy Memorial Pavilion at the Santa Rosa and no hands on his watch." I remind you that these are the price sup­ Medical Center, hundreds of handshakes and At the Alamo, HUMPHREY declared that ports which the temporary spokesman o! the autographs and a long motorcade into his the United States needs a good two-party Republican Party wants to abolish." first visit to the Alamo City. system, with "the Democrats in power and He said the continued advancement and CROWD OF 5,000 the Republicans out." He said a faction of prosperity of all Americans will have top the Republican party has kidnaped the GOP Police Chief George Bichsel estimated 5,000 priority in Johnson's cf.rive to build the and as a result thousands "of flµe Repub­ "Great Society." crowded into Alama Plaza to hear HuM­ licans are going to put their country above PHREY's address from in front of the Alamo, their party and vote Democratic." TEN PROMISES and another 1,200 packed the John F. Ken­ Terming San Antonio and Texas, with its Asserting that 4 years ago the Ken­ nedy High School. He estimated 5,000 along military bases, "the sharp cutting edge of nedy-c1olinson administration made 10 basic the parade route. American might," HuMPHREY said he thinks promises in a program to get America mov­ At the Alamo gathering, as well as at it is wrong for GOLDWATER to spread doubt ing again, HUMPHREY said the 10 goals became International Airport before departing, the and suspicion about the Government, and realities. He said that each goal "required Humphrey party ran into a minor uprising about the military strength of the Nation. the mutual determination of a progressive from Goldwater Republicans. The backers administration and a sound Congress." of the Arizona GOP presidential nominee NOT "' SERVICE Said HUMPHREY: held a •large Goldwater banner aloft during "I don't think Mr. GOLDWATER is perform­ "Only 1 Senator out of the 100 said HUMPHREY'S speech, along with a scattering ing a public service when he casts doubts 'No' to every one of the promises. Only one of signs with GoLDWATER's picture. There and suspicions that President Kennedy ma­ Senator opposed every one of those 10 pieces were disultory chants of "We Want GOLD­ nipulated the Cuban crisis for political ad­ of legislation. Only one man voted 'No' WATER," but the dissenters were drowned out vantage," HUMPHREY said. "He ought to be time after time. Only one man was at the by the hundreds of signs reading "We want ashamed of himself. I resent this type of tail end of progress. HUBERT" and "We Love HUBERT," and the campaign, resent his casting a smear, smog, "That man now asks you to make him tremendous ovation given the visitor. over one of the greatest men who ever served President of the United States-that man HUMPHREY started to direct a remark to the United States." who said 'No' to America time after time-­ the Goldwater supporters in the crowd, but HUMPHREY hammered away at a theme of and now America is going to say 'No' to him was interrupted by calls of "send them to responsibility in government as exemplified on November 3. And ·that man is Senator the bathroom." HUMPHREY smiled and urged by President Johnson, and he said the goal of GOLDWATER.'' his listeners to be "good winners." the country is "opportunity within freedom," HUMPHREY listed these 10 administration a strong economy, a social structure that promises he said GOLDWATER voted against TWO PRAISED knows no second-class citizens or geographi­ but have been realized: Flanked by u .B. Senator RALPH YARBOROUGH cal distinction, all enriched by an education. A promise to fight poverty. He said, "To­ and U.S. Representative HENRY B. GONZALEZ, "America can afford and should provide an day we are engaged in a full-scale war on whom he praised highly for their services to education for every American that wants to poverty." their constituency, HUMPHREY won cheer make something of his life,'' HUMPHREY said. An end to discrimination. He said that after cheer a.a he extolled the virtues of the The candidate continued that responsibility "On July 2 of this year we signed a blll­ Democratic administration and castigated and hopes for a better world "are not ob­ the greatest guarantee of human rights this the Republican standard bearers. tained by building bigger bombs" and telling country has ever known-into law." 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 22725 A minimum wage of $1.25. He said, "To­ HUMPHREY said he was certain the study MORE FOR PEACE day working Americans have the guarantee would bring forth recommendations that HUMPHREY lauded GONZALEZ with, "HENRY of that minimum wage." will give farmers of Texas, Oklahoma, and GONZALEZ has done more for peace in a quiet A promise to fight disease. He said, "To­ Minnesota and all America a better break. and reserved way than have all the bellicose day a Federal program to build new facil­ NO SURPRISE statements of the Reserve general who seeks ities and provide new scholarships for the In Wichita Falls, HUMPHREY said it should to be President of the United States." training of doctors is underway." be no surprise that he got an enthusiastic The Minnesotan, who came to tell of L.B.J.'s A promise to fight slums. He said, "To­ reception in Texas. "Better Deal," led a colorful motorcade from day this administration has a five-pronged "It's one country • • • we are all Ameri­ Kelly, to the Kennedy School, to the Alamo, attack on slums and inadequate housing." cans," he said. to the airport, with one unscheduled stop, A promise the United States would be first HUMPHREY, one of those instrumental in that at Santa Rosa Medical Center. in military strength. He said, "Today we are pressing the civil rights bill to enactment, Alamo city Democratic officials began lin­ first in strength, and the nuclear test ban said the thing to beware of is when people ing up the motorcade of 15 late-model con­ treaty proves that no one will surpass our give out two messages-one for the South and vertibles, many of them compacts, in front determination for a peaceful, safe world for another for the North. of Menger Hotel shortly after 3 p.m. our children." HUMPHREY arrived at 3: 10 p.m. at the Waco By the time the officials were ready to A promise that our economy would grow airport greeted by about 100 residents in­ parade to Kelly to meet the candidate, the faster. He said, "This administration has cluding a delegation of Young Citizens for "All the way with L.B.J. and H.H.H." and "We led the Nation in 43 months of uninter­ Johnson. love you, HUBERT" signs were showing up. rupted prosperity. And this year-with the HUMPHREY spoke briefiy to the crowd say­ One parader had brought an L.B.J. doll. dynamic boost of a major tax cut-will be ing: "I feel very much at home in Texas al­ Though the autos were numbered, the 30- the most prosperous in American history. ready. We had a warm welcome in Wichita minute motorcade to the airbase was not in In these 4 years we have proved to Premier Falls and it is even warmer here," he said, numerical order. Khrushchev that his Communist economy wiping perspiration from his brow in the Mayor McAlllster, who had been shunned cannot surpass this free Nation." bright sunshine. by the motorcade, arrived by city limousine Decent medica.J. care for the aged under He added, "We are already getting ice on at !telly, but a partycruiser of "Young Citi­ social security. He said. "The U.S. Senate the lakes up there in Minnesota." zens for Johnson and HUMPHREY" was turned passed the Nation's first medical ca.re bill for GENERAL RAIN away from the landing strip gate. the aged." HUMPHREY then commented on the gen­ AUTOS LINED UP A promise to make the United States first Several hundred, many lapel-pinned with in space exploration. He said, "The succes­ eral rain that fell on much of Texas Wednes­ ses of the Mercury, Saturn, Ranger, and other day. "L.B.J. for the U.S.A.," watched as the autos programs have launched the United States "You have warm weather, you had a good were placed in numbered line, escorts and on its journey to the moon. And the first rain, and now all you need in Texas is to buses added and HUMPHREY allocated a larger American to get there will be an astronaut elect Lyndon Johnson and HUBERT HUMPHREY convertible than originally earmarked. trained in Texas." on November 3." It was announced "the Happy Warrior" HUMPHREY'S motorcade wound through was 25 minutes behind schedule. A more equitable share in American pros­ several residential sections on the way to a "The Warrior," with a huge "H.H.H.'' perity for the farmer. He said, "Net farm southwest Waco shopping center where he stamped on its nose, rolled to a stop before income has increased by over $1 billion per had a news conference and spoke to a public­ the throng at 5 :45 p.m., and HUMPHREY'S year, surpluses have declined, and exports rally. A number of signs along the caravan press following exited. Then came Senator have increased." route were hand lettered. One big one read, and Mrs. Humphrey and Senator and Mrs. OTHER VISITS "Give •em heck, HUBERT," another said "Sic Yarborough. HUMPHREY'S .visit, although the first from 'em, HUBERT." HUMPHREY'S first contact on the ground the top four candidates in the Nation, ts In two instances at Waco, HUMPHREY was was GONZALEZ, who had arrived from Wash­ expected to be followed by campaign swings almost mobbed by students. ington early Thursday. through the Alamo City by Johnson, GOLD- "Viva GONZALEZ," HUMPHREY said. . WATER, and GOP vice-presidential nominee ARTICLE FROM THE SAN ANTONIO LIGHT OF "Viva HUMBERTO," GONZALEZ retorted. WILLIAM MILLER. SEPTEMBER 18, 1964 County Democratic Chairman John Dan- Johnson and HUMPHREY are seeking to. in­ (By Joe R-µst) iels introduced dignitaries and HUMPHREY asked, "Did you have rain last night?" crease the Bexar County vote for the Demo­ The cry of "Viva! Viva! Viva!" still re­ cratic ticket, which gave Kennedy-Johnson Then HUMPHREY met McAllister and be­ sounded through Alamo city streets Friday. came an alcalde of La Villita. 75,300 votes to the Nixon-Lodge vote of 63,931 Thursday night it was the cry of a vice­ in the 1960 presidential election. The Re­ presidential candidate. INVITED BACK publicans, however, are hoping to reverse And in the halls of John F. Kennedy High McAllister told the Senator, "You don't that vote and return Bexru- County to the School and across the grounds of the Alamo want to be a Senator all your life, so when presidential Republican column which pre­ the cry of "but not Senator GOLDWATER" still you get through doing what you are doing, vailed in 1952. and lj)60. The GOP Eisen­ echoed. It too was the cry of that vice-pres­ come back to San Antonio and be a mayor." • hower-Nixon ticket led the Stevenson-Ke­ idential candidate. Several of HUMPHREY'S staff grumbled that fauver ticket in Bexar County in 1956 by HAPPY WARRIOR the remark was a slap at the Senator and 65,901 V'Otes to 46,636 votes, and in 1952 the one remarked, "Sounds like he's working for Eisenhower-Nixon ticket carried Bexar Coun­ From the time that Senator HUBERT H. GOLDWATER." ty over the Stevenson-Sparkm.an ticket by HUMPHREY'S huge silver, orange, and blue However, HUMPHREY took it in stride and 65,391 votes to 50,260 for the Democratic prop-jet, "The Happy Warrior," set down at told McAllister his one-time mayorship of ticket. Kelly Air Force Base at 5:45 p .m. until the Minneapolis "was the best job I ever had.'' Majority of the Bexar County Democratic moment it took fl.ight again at 9:15 p.m. from HUMPHREY asked GONZALEZ to pronounce leaders partiCil.pated in the ceremonies honor­ International Airport, the air was filled with "alcalde." ing HUMPHREY. He arrived at Kelly AFB at "Vivas" for Democrats President Johnson, The new "mayor" was dressed in a black 5 :45 p.m., and left from International Air­ Humphrey, and U.S. Representative Henry B. suit and a shirt of small pin stripes. He ap­ port at 8: 30 p.m. Gonzalez. For Republican BARRY GOLDWATER peared much leaner and taller than his tele­ there were plenty of "but nots" and plenty JAMMED SCHEDULE vision appearances, and sported a healthy of chastisement. campaign sunburn all' the way to the top HUMPHREY had a jammed schedule in' Before the Alamo and 5,000 persons chant­ Texas before flying on to Hot Springs, Ark. of his receding hairline. ing "We want HUBERT," the Minnesota Sena­ The 53-year-old Senator appears younger. He had press conferences, rallies, and tor berated GOLDWATER for "categorical state­ After HUMPHREY became a HemisFair am­ speeches in Wichita Falls, Waco, · and San ments suggesting that President Kennedy bassador at the hands of HemisFair President Antonio. manipulated the Cuban crisis for political ad­ William Sinkin ("I always wanted to be an In Wichita Falls, the Minnesotan said that vantage." ambassador, but is it with portfolio?"), he the farmer in his native State of North "We resent him casting a smear over one stepped into his convertible for the ride to Dakota has the same problems that the of the greatest men that ever served the Kennedy School. farmer in Texas faces. United States of America. He should be "He's being caught in the cost-price ashamed of himself." TWELVE HUNDRED AT SCHOOL squeeze," said HUMPHREY. In the Alamo speech, far from his pre­ The crowd along the short route to the He noted that Texas U.S. Representative pared text, HUMPHREY said, "I do not think, school was sparse, but 1,200 awaited his ar­ GRAHAM PURCELL-Who also accompanied Mr. GOLDWATER, that you are performing a rival at the school. To the strains of "Hello, HUMPHREY into Texas-is a member of a new public service when you spread doubt, fear, HUBERT," and "Happy Days Are Here Again," commission to study "the price spread be­ and suspicion about the American structure he entered the school. There was a huge tween the price the farmer gets for his prod­ of government, nor do you serve justice a~d "Viva" sign on the lawn. uct and the price the consumer pays in the peace when you spread doubt about the mili­ HUMPHREy's comments brought him a store." tary power of this Nation." Beatie-like, rousing, riproaring welcome, but 22726 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 24 the students quieted when he spoke softly of Lyndon Johnson-but not Senator GOLD• the Congressman was outlining accomplish­ Jack Kennedy. WATER." ments of the Kennedy-Johnson administra­ HUMPHREY had come to the school to :ful­ HUMPHREY lauded GONZALEZ and YARBOR­ tion. fill a promise Kennedy had not been able to OUGH for "a sense of social justice" and for "Not all Americans are of that :faith," keep, and the students knew this. believing in Government "responsible to the GONZALEZ said, noting the heckler. "Let UB The Senator's emphatic oratory brought people." invite them to all our rallies so they can see superb audience appeal and amazing knowl­ "First seek men in Government who are such great Americans as RALPH YARBOROUGH." edge of local leaders. He received a long responsible (the key watchword to Lyndon YARBOROUGH INTRODUCED ovation for his lauding of Archibishop Lucey. Johnson's entire public life) and then our GONZALEZ introduced YARBORO'tJGH, who in He took up the 'most Se:uators voted" such goal is opportunity within freedom,'' the turn presented HUMPHREY. y ARBORO'tJGH said and such, "but not Senator GOLDWATER," a Senator said. He called for "education for that in HUMPHREY, President Johnson picked phrase HUMPHREY made popular at the Dem­ every man, which America can afford and as a running mate "a man whom Khru­ ocratic Convention. Students quickly took should provide,'' and responsibility abroad, shchev tried to outtalk and Senator HUM­ up the chant. "which does not include building bigger PHREY talked him under the table." GOP BANNERS bombs and telllng field commanders to ex­ HUMPHREY was upstaged himself, however, plode them at their will." The audience was filled with hundreds of early in his 35-minute speech at the Alamo Johnson-Humphrey posters, and a :few Gold­ FROM POWER and did not make but one use of his favor­ water-M1ller banners were waved at the "We negotiate only when we negotiate ite campaign gimmick of leading his crowds rear. He told his audience that "GOP now from power,'' he asserted, and shamed those into a chant of "• • • but not Senator means 'GOLDWATER'S Our Problem'." who say communism is winning over democ­ GOLDWATER." The campaign swing continued to the racy. He said America today ls the "might­ A man standing alongside the platform Alamo. iest power which has ever been known" and interrupted HUMPHREY with the remark "but A sea of banners and wellwishers greeted that European and South American amances not Senator GOLDWATER," and HUMPHREY re­ HHH at the Texas . shrine. Shortly before are working. "We demand the respect of plied, "We'll get to that later." the motorcade's arrival, police had squelched our friends and the fear of our enemies," he The Minnesota Senator made good use of a bit of sign jostling between GOLDWATER said. that device in his appearance before some and Johnson supporters. He said America cannot do away with the 1,200 persons, mostly students, at John F. "I'd rather b1t.e than switch," announced world's evils in 1 day, but that the task Kennedy High School shortly after his ar­ a sign around the neck of a monstrous black must be as the building of a great cathedral, rival at Kelly AFB. dog. When the dog barked to background "building a great society with national unity TEN PROMISES band music, the owner proclaimed the pooch and a national purpose." HUMPHREY ticked otr 10 promises of the was howling "I love HUBERT." "John F. Kennedy said, 'Peace is a proc­ Kennedy-Johnson administration which he Mrs. Humphrey thanked the crowd :for a ess'," he told the crowd. said have become realities. warm res_ponse, and her husband laid a The 30-m.inute Alamo visit gave way to the On one after another of these issues, wreath and both signed the Alamo register. motor trip to the airport, where 500 were HUMPHREY said that most Americans :favor GONZALEZ assured the crowd "we can once on hand. There were more Goldwater ban­ them, most Democrats voted :for them, and again this election year reaftlrm our belief ners here than before. most Republican lawmakers voted for them, in America" by electing the LBJ-HHH team. STETSON GIFT and then with a pause, added "but not Sen­ M~ER MENTIONED HUMPHREY stepped from his autO wearing ator GoLDWATER." YARBOROUGH reminded the HHH fans that a Stetson which State Representative Jake The crowd drowned out HUMPHREY on the in September 1960 Kennedy made a speech Johnson had given him. last four words by taking up the cry that near the same spot and that the honor had He shook hands with his motorcycle es­ HUMPHREY made his trademark at the Na­ gone to Adlai Stevenson 12 years ago. The cort and by 9: 05 p.m. was aboard his plane. tionafDemocratic Convention. A world-famous newspaperman turned to As in other campaign speeches across the Texas Senator made the only reference to country, HUMPHREY delivered his punches at WILLIAM MILLER, HUMPHREY'S vice-presiden­ another. tial opponent, during the entire Humphrey "They were muy simpatico," he said. GOLDWATER and ignored the GOP vice presi­ visit. And as "The Happy Warrior" tipped sky­ dential nominee, Representative WILLIAM MILLER, of New York. "In a Vice President, the Republicans ward toward Hot Springs, Ark., the "Vivas" wanted someon'e who can irritate someone," echoed in the night. CHARTER PLANE YARBOROUGH said. "But when Lyndon John­ HUMPHREY and his party, plus newsmen son picked his running mate, he chose a man [From the San Antonio Express, Sept. 18, and photographers, arrived at Kelly AFB who knows the problems of the 50 States and 1964] about 5:45 p.m. in a chartered Amerlca.n the 116 nations of the United Nations-and "HAPPY WARRIOR" HUMPHREY BEAMS OVER Airlines plane carrying the designation HUBERT HUMPHREY is the man who talked SAN ANTONIO RECEPTION "HHH" and "The Happy Warrior." The Nikita Khrushchev under the table." (By Lloyd Larrabee) arrival was more than 20 minutes late. To the resulting cheers, HUMPHREY said, GONZALEZ, who had arrived earlier, was "I was told by HENRY GONZALEZ that San An­ "Viva UMBERTO" became the Democratic one of the first to gr~et HUMPHREY at the tonio was a good Democratic city," adding, rallying cry in San Antonio Thursday for plane's ramp and gave the cry "Viva "But let me say, we do need a two-party Senator HUBERT HUMPHREY'S campaign visit, UMBERTO. system-the Democrats in power and the but it was punctuated by a group of vocal When HUMPHREY was introduced to Mrs. Republicans out." pro-Goldwater hecklers. Alfred Negley, of San Antonio, State Demo­ The energetic and deeply sunburned Dem­ He asked that Democrats be "more con­ cratic vice chairman, he remarked, "No ocratic nominee for Vice President beamed wonder we win here." siderate" because "there are thousands of with the reception he received at the Alamo Republicans who are putting country above others greeting HUMPHREY included Mrs. where many of a crowd estimated at 5,000 John Steen, newly elected State Demooratlc party· and are going to vote the Democratic chanted "We want HUJJERT." ticket." committeewoman from Bexar County, Mayor "You have convinced me,'' HUMPHREY W. McAllister, County Commissioner He then raised the "Viva" cry again, for smiled to the crowd: "I want to accept." w. Gonzalez, Yarborough, L.B.J., and himself. Albert Pena, County Democraitic Chairman But President Johnson's running mate John Daniels, Sheriff W. B. (Bil) Hauck, NATIONAL UNITY took note of three placards hoisted above former Democratic Committeewoman Sarah When the crowd chided Goldwater banner the crowd carrying a picture of Republican McClure, Democratic legislative candidate wavers, HUMPHREY rared back and quick presidential nominee BARRY GOLDWATER, plus Tom Lee, and Negro leaders G. J. Sutton and wittedly remarked, "Aw, now, be good a "GOLDWATER for President" banner. Joe Scott. · winners." "Somehow or other, somebody else got in YOUNG CITIZENS HUMPHREY predicted a noticeable business the parade," HUMPHREY said pointing to the Goldwater group. When someone else in the A c:rowd of omciaJ.s and newsmen awaiting and labor swing to the Democratic ticket HUMPHREY'S arrival at Kelly AFB was treated and proclaimed the party "the party of na­ crowd suggested they be removed, HUM• PHREY admonished, "Let's be good winners." to a brief appearance by an open air busload tional unity." of "Young Citizens for Johnson-HUMPHREY." "Lyndon B. Johnson's administration seeks HUNDREDS OF SIGNS The group of some 25 students, wearing only a better deal for all Americans," he Hundreds of signs urging support of Lyn­ plastic "Vote Democratic" caps, drove away said. "This task requires fortitude and don Johnson, Humphrey, and U.S. Represent­ with shouts of "LBJ." perserverance, and there are no simple an­ ative Henry B. Gonzalez dotted Alamo The :first Goldwater placard made its swers and no childish answers to man-sized Plaza. One said, "Viva Lyndon B., Hubert H., appearance outside John F. Kennedy High problems." and Henry B." Others said "LBJ., HHH., and School, where a young woman who identified. "We need a President who will look ahead, HBG.'' herself as Evelyn Lorr and said she was the not back, and who will challenge us to face GONZALEZ, sharing the rostrum before the wife of a serviceman carried a homemade our problems. And, on November 3 most Alamo with HUMPHREY and Senator RALPH placard which simply stated "GoLDWATER" Americans, most Democrats, most Repub­ YARBOROUGH, was interrupted by a cry from in orange letters. She stood near the licans, most Independents, will vote for the crowd of "We want GOLDWATER" while HUMPHREY car. I 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 22727 A group of boys attempted to knock down High School, Santa Rosa Medical Center and thusiastic help of young people. That's the the Goldwater sign and one of them said, the Alamo. story that needs to be written. "We don't like GOLDWATER, dump GOLDWATER Charm his crowds into vigorously repeat­ "We don't need to be told of the tyranny in a goldfish bowl." ing the now-famed chant, "Not BARRY GOLD­ of the U.S. Government which helped build "HELLO, DOLLY" PLAYED WATER!" this school. It 1s a government of the peo­ Charm brass-collar Democrats with a fire ple, by the people and for the people. That's "We love you, HUBERT" signs were hoisted and brimstone denunciation of the "tem­ what this Government is, and the gentle­ by students, and the high school band in porary Republican spokesman." man from Arizona does us a disservice when green and white uniforms played "Hello, Charm Democratic eggheads with eloquent he tries to divide the people from the Gov­ Dolly," which became "Hello, Lyndon" dur­ discussions of national unity, purpose and ernment. ing the National Democratic Convention, and "It is shameful-that some people try to "Happy Days Are Here Again." peace. Charm local candidates by meticulously divide us and pit Federal Government versus HUMPHREY took occasion in both speeches State and State versus county." to plug for election of all local Democratic endorsing them by name, rank and serial nominees, and gave strong praise in both number right down to legislators and nomi­ UNITY CALLED FOR nees for county commissioner. appearances to GONZALEZ and y ARBOROUGH. "What America needs today is national As he strode into an anteroom adjacent In the course of the enthusiastic proceed­ unity, national purpose and first-class citi­ to the high school auditorium, HUMPHREY ings, HUMPHREY'S voice, already well worked zenship for every American." told one of his contingent, "I lost my notes­ in similar doings in Wichita Falls and Waco, HUMPHREY recalled that the first blll he but I think I can get along without them." grew hoarse. · authored was the measure which aided fed­ Someone handed him a copy of his prepared RIGHT HAND BLOODY erally impacted school districts. five-page text, which HUMPHREY used only By the time he emerged from a final crush "I'm proud of it, aren't you?" he inquired as a bare outline in his 30-minute speech. and the crowd roared agreement. "I'm proud . at the Alamo, his right hand was bloody we have a school lunch program and voca­ Crowds were sparse along the motorcade from inadvertent fingernail slashes. route. tional education program and milk program," The crowd at Alamo Plaza as HUMPHREY'S he asserted to additional cheers. HUMPHREY told the high school audience big convertible arrived was so packed and so The Senator argued that the only "way he was "proud to be of assistance to Lyndon determined to press closer to the candidate you're going to get the HemisFair" is to back Johnson," and brought repeated cheers with that his driver later announced: President Johnson, and "if you want to im­ his praise of Texas leadership in Congress. "I know I ran over some toes. I could feel prove the navigational possibilities of the "VIVA HUMPHREY" it.'' San Antonio River you'd better be sure it "As we would say up Minnesota way, A similar pack of admirers halted all pro­ isn't filled with the sands of Arizona." 'Viva Gonzalez, Viva Yarborough, Viva ceedings as HUMPHREY left Kennedy High Pausing for a tribute to Archbishop Robert L.B.J.'" he told the audience. A member School for several minutes. Lucey, HUMPHREY then recited programs of the crowd shouted "Viva HUMPHREY," and The omens for a happy visit were good ·"favored by nearly all Americans, Democrats the Senator responded, "Yea.'' from the start. and Republicans, but not BARRY GOLDWATER." HUMPHREY led newsmen and . photogra­ Filing peacefully into a cavalcade of autos Quickly he had the crowd chanting with him, phers on an unscheduled chase when the to greet the candidate at Kelly AFB were rep­ "But not BARRY GOLDWATER" after each sally. motorcade reached the Santa Rosa Medical resentatives of every faction of the faction­ VISITS MEMORIAL happy Democrats from State Committeeman Center. He stopped his car to get out and Riding again with YARBOROUGH, GONZALEZ, shake hands with a group of nuns on the John Peace to Democrat Coalition Chief­ tain Albert Pena, Jr. and the three wives, HUMPHREY headed for street, and asked them, as he had the audi­ the main event on Alamo Plaza. ence at the high school, t.o exteµd his greet­ HuMPHREY's big plane, "the Happy War­ But when GONZALEZ spied Sister Mary Vin­ ings to Archbishop Robert E. Lucey. rior," arrived at 5:45 p.m. and he emerged cent in a group of Sisters of Charity of the He turned then, apparently to go to his to be gree~ed by Democratic County Chair­ Incarnate Word at Santa Rosa Medical Cen­ car, but then darted into the Medical Cen­ man John Daniels, Mayor McAllister, and ter, HUMPHREY called an impromptu halt. ter, with YARBOROUGH, GONZALEZ, newsmen Representative HENRY GONZALEZ. Arriving A round of handshaking and inquiries and photographers trailing behind, and with him was Mrs. Humphrey, as well as about the archbishop (who was in Rome) went to the 10th floor to meet Sister Mary Senator and Mrs. Ralph Yarborough. ensued and the oftlcial party was soon in Vincent, hospital administrator. ASKS ABOUT RAIN an elevator headed for the John F. Kennedy While hecklers greeted HUMPHREY along "Viva GONZALEZ," the Minnesotan greeted Memorial Pav1lion. the route--some 20 youthful backers of the Congressman and received the reply, "Isn't that a great tribute?" he announced GOLDWATER stood by the International Air­ "Viva HUMPHREY." of the memorial. After a brief discussion, port gate as he arrived and others waved "Did you have rain here?" HUMPHREY Sister Mary Vincent announced, to the huge Goldwater placards as his plane departed­ asked Mrs. Alfred Negley, State vice chair­ enjoyment of HUMPHREY, "Well, Mr. Vice HuMPHREY received a wildly enthusiastic man of the Democratic Party, adding, "The President, I think we had better go.'' welcome that included at least one dog. President told me to fix that up." Arriving at Alamo Plaza, HUMPHREY( aided In the Alamo crowd was a huge black dog, The mayor contained his Goldwater by 10-year-old Natalie Martinez and her sis­ a great Schnauzer. Hanging from his neck leanings with aplomb. ter Carmen, 9, placed a wreath at the shrine was a sign stating: "It's a pleasure to present you with this of Texas liberty. "I'd rather bite than switch." certificate as an honorary mayor," said Mc­ MARVELS AT WALLS Allister, adding this understatement: "You Inside, he marveled at the stout mission [From the San Antonio News, Sept. 18, 1964} may not want to be a Senator all your life." walls and posed with YARBOROUGH and GON­ HUMPHREY VISIT STIRS SAN ANTONIO DEMO­ "The best job I ever had was mayor," ZALEZ near the plaque which recounts the CRATS commented the former chief executive of famed Travis letter from the Alamo. Minneapolis. As at Kennedy High School, HUMPHREY (By Kemper Diehl) "I'm familiar with the Hemis-Fair," he in­ departed almost completely from his text, Senator HUBERT HUMPHREY greeted the formed William Sinkin, who represented the but hit on similar themes for the crowd, Arkansas Democratic convention Friday with San Antonio fair. And the candidate pro­ · estimated at 5,000. a sore right hand and a slightly sore larynx. ceeded to prove his knowledge by discussing A chant of "We Want HUBERT" st111ed pro­ A dozen or so Bexar County celebrity­ it in his first speech of the evening. ceedings for several minutes. HUMPHREY chasers greeted the workaday world with YOUNGSTERS LAUDED then lauded GONZALEZ and YARBOROUGH and sore toes. carried the endorsement down the line to HUMPHREY clearly relished that speech, legislators. But nearly 10,000 Democrats greeted the delivered before some 2,000, including many start of the presidential election campaign When supporters shouted at bearers of students, in the auditorium of Kennedy several Goldwater signs at the rear of the with newfound unity and enthusiasm. High School. He established quick rapport, The sore hands, feet and throats-as well crowd, he joshed, "My dear friends, let's be announcing: good winners." as the enthusiasm-were the result of a "How lucky we are to be Democrats. Look whtzbang, whirlwind visit to San Antonio HUMPHREY recounted Democratic programs at the fun we have, the joy we have in con­ and cited U.S. m1litary might, going on to by the Democratic vice-presidential candi­ trast to the Republicans. I don't mean date. describe San Antonio and Texas as "the cut­ regular· Republicans, of course. I mean ting edge of American power." Arriving just 25 minutes behind schedule, Goldwater Republicans. "We command the respect of our friends the articulate Minnesotan so enjoyed his stay "As Sam Rayburn said. 'It's bad enough to and the fear of the enemy," he asserted. that he stretched his 3-hour timetable by a be an old fogy, but it's worse to be .a young He recounted "prosperity the likes of which half hour, departing finally at 9: 15 p.m. fogy.'" the world has never known," and asserted: VOICE GROWS HOARSE He wasn't long in moving to the attack, "Is it any wonder "that today businessmen In that time he managed to: asserting: who have traditionally voted Republican are Barnstorm from Kelly AFB to internation­ "One of the most wonderful experiences ·by the hundreds, yes the thousands, going al airport, with stops at John F. Kennedy of the campaign is the presence of and en- to vote Democratic?" ..

22728 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE September 24 CUBAN CHARGE HIT catch a glimpse of the candidate or shout particularly in the area of parcel post. Pointing to "a whole new era ahead of "Viva." In the year that he has headed the De­ us," he asserted: _ Green and white clad "Spacettes" were partment, Postmaster General Gronou­ "This party represents national unity, it usherettes in the auditorium and the Na­ ski has initiated more improvements than seeks not to divide. It seeks to unite. It tional Defense Cadet Corps were on duty to seeks to build a better America." keep the crowd in line. But even the have ever been attempted in the 50-year He described Johnson as a "man who chal­ Spacettes and Corpsmen were carried away history of parcel post. lenges us, not to look back, not to ignore with HUMPHREY enthusiasm and before the Let me say at the beginning that there problems, but to look ahead." talk was over they were shouting and stamp­ is great room for reformation of parcel Once again he attacked GOLDWATER for ing with abandon. post service-and Mr. Gronouski is the "spreading doubt and suspicion about the The Kennedy band, directed by Albert first to admit it. One of the giant steps American Government" and about "the Mireles, played "Hello, Dolly" as the caval­ he has taken to improve this service is military power of the United States." cade of Democratic dignitaries arrived at the He lashed fiercely at GOLDWATER'S sugges­ school. They played "Happy Days Are Here the introduction-for the first time-of tion the Cuban crisis might have been timed Again" as the cars left for the Alamo. the principle of scheduled delivery. by President Kennedy "for political ad­ Students had spent the better part of the This means that within certain geo- · vantage." week preparing for the visit, according to graphical limits anyone can ask his post­ "I resent this kind of campaign which casts Mrs. John Tuck of the Edgewood Independ­ master when his parcel can be expected a smog over one of the greatest Presidents ent School District staff. to reach its destination, and he will be who ever served the United States of Amer­ About 15 telephones were installed at long told, with some reasonable degree of ac­ ica," he declared. tables near the stage for use by national news curacy, just when it will arrive. In a HUMPHREY emphasized the need of "re­ writers. Thou.sands of red, white and blue sponsibility" in the Chief Executive and an­ banners and signs dotted the audit.orium, great many cases, the schedules call for nounced that "responsibility is the theme of and hundreds of folding chairs had been set next-day delivery. Lyndon Johnson's whole life." up in aisles and doorways. The mechanization equipment was de­ GONZALEZ PRAISED HUMPHREY'S speech was recorded via closed signed by the Post Office Department and circuit television and transmitted to about 22 Praising work of GONZALEZ in "building installed by the J. C. Corrigan Co. in classrooms throughout the building for over­ 1960. The total contract cost reported better relations" with Latin American coun­ flow crowds. The TV equipment, used daily tries, HUMPHREY declared he had "done more for instructional purposes, was operated by as of inventory date, June 1964, is for peace by patient effort than all the belli­ TV coordinator H. H. Bobele. $1,148,289. The total estimated mecha­ cose speeches of the Reserve general who Members of the F.d.gewood School Board nization cost based upon Post Office De­ wants to be President." and Supt. Bennie Steinhau.ser sat on the partment cost criteria is $1,178,864. The He turned to the President's aim of build­ front row of chairs on the stage but were not recorded disbursement of all mechaniza­ ing the "great society," and announced. "If introduced. we can build this society at home, then we tion equipment in this office as taken possibly are equipped to do the Job of lead­ from the Bureau of Finance cost records ership throughout the world." THE HONORABLE JOHN A. GRONOU­ is $1,099,278. These figures do not in­ Moving slowly through the massed throng, clude the intercommunication system, HUMPHREY got away again and his motorcade SKI HAS DISTINGUISHED HIM­ $14,000; air conditioning, $150,000; nor swept out· Broadway to International Air­ SELF WITH A GREAT RECORD OF changes performed provided under a port, moving swiftly past a group of Gold­ ACCOMPLISHMENT AS POSTMAS­ lump sum lease agreement in 1963, $256,- water pickets at the approaches of the terminal building. TER GENERAL 456. . He went straight to his plane, waving Mr. ASHMORE. Mr. Speaker, I ask Other improvements include the use brief greetings to supporters cooped up in­ unanimous consent that the gentleman of new equipment for handling parcel side the terminal building. from Louisiana [Mr. MORRISON] may ex­ post, a directive to postmasters to empty The flight headed for Hot Springs and ap­ tend his remarks at this point in the racks and hampers at the end of each pearances there and in Little Rock at the working day, the addition of 10,000 Arkansas Democratic convention. RECORD and include extraneous matter. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to mounted delivery routes, the assignment [From the San Antonio Evening News, Sept. the request of the gentleman from South of more personnel at key mail handling 18, 1964) Carolina? points to eliminate congestion over the There was no objection. weekend, and the use of "pool cases"­ POLITICIANS HEROES TO TEENS cardboard boxes which hold a number of A group of "Young Citizens for Johnson," Mr. MORRISON. Mr. Speaker, the waiting Thursday for the arrival of vice pres­ Honorable John A. Gronouski is the smaller packages addressed to the same ident candidate HUBERT HUMPHREY treated first Polish-American to ever serve in general area. r local Democratic candidates like teenage the Cabinet of the United States. His While parcel post has been given top idols. record of accomplishment is so outstand­ priority on the Postmaster General's "Oh," screamed one red-haired girl, "I'll ing that not only can all Polish-Ameri­ agenda, innovation and experimentation never wash this hand again." cans, but all Americans can certainly are not limited to that type of service. She had just clasped hands with U.S. Rep­ Permit me to cite some other projects in resentative HENRY B. GONZALEZ. feel proud to have him in this high Cabi­ "Hey, his daughter goes to our school," net post-perhaps the biggest business which he has pioneered to heighten ef­ another girl shouted with authority. a.nd one of the most important businesses ficiency, improve the morale of postal But the Congressman ignored the screa.IllS in the whole world. employees and in general enliven the im­ age of the Post Office Department: and plowed into the center of a group of A YEAR OF ACCOMPLISHMENT5--THE RECORD OF some 25 young-un's to sign autographs. For the first time, lady carriers will State Representative Jack Johnson, spur­ POSTMASTER GENERAL JOHN A.'GRONOUSKI have the opportunity of wearing uni­ of-the-moment instigator of the meeting be­ Since its inception under Benjamin forms expressly tailored for the female tween Congressman and kids, also brought Franklin 200 years ago, pioneering has form. local office candidates into the fold. been a great tradition in the Post Office The Department is in the process of Johnson introduced Dick Landsman, can­ Department. In the first year of his didate for county commissioner, precinct 3; buying, on an experimental basis, some Representative John Alaniz; and nominee for stewardship as Postmaster General, John new stainless steel letter boxes with red, State legislature, Joe Bernal. A. Gronouski has kept alive that tradi­ white and blue trimming that glows at "Where ls precinct 3?" queried one young tion. night. If practical, they will replace the Democrat. On September 30, 1963, John Gron0u­ old painted carbon steel boxes now in use. Mass handshaking then followed. ski came to the Department from Wis­ Individual work measurement has been The young citizens arrived at Kelly in an consin with a reputation as an educator eliminated completely in 41 post offices open-sided bus they chartered especially for and economist, and with impressive cre­ and suspended in 26 others, among them "Humphrey Day." The group, composed dentials in the labor-management field. some of the largest in the country. If mostly of nonvoting age Democrats, is With that background he has left an in­ productivity is maintained in these of­ headed by Jack Lee, 306 Gettysburg Road. delible impression on an organization Teenagers were also out .in force for the fices, further modifications will be con­ HUMPHREY appearance at John F. Kennedy composed of 590,000 employees in some sidered. High School. 35,000 post offices, branches, and stations The Department is looking over some Although final bells had rung hours before, across the country. ' new automatic vending machines which students packed the 1,000 capacity auditori­ But perhaps more importantly, he is dispense pcstal items 24 hours a day, 7 um and draped their torsos out of windows to blazing new trails in the postal service, days a week. 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 22729 Street superv1s1on of letter carriers assuring equal job opportunities for the ITALO-AMERICANS MEET WITH without prior notice has been discon­ Department's employees. PRESIDENT JOHNSON TO PRO­ tinued. In July new agreements were signed POSE A COMMEMORATIVE VERRA­ Postmasters have been given authority with postal organizations which im­ ZANO NARROWS BRIDGE STAMP to adjust services to the needs of their proved and refined the original con­ local communities, provided they stay tract. I think I can truthfully say that Mr. ASHMORE. Mr. Speaker, I ask within their manpower and budget allo­ advances in labor-management relations unanimous consent that the gentleman cations. in the Post Office Department are un­ from New York [Mr. MURPHY] may ex­ A comprehensive educational and matched by any other Federal agency. tend his remarks at this point in the training program in labor relations has The productivity of clerical help was RECORD and include extraneous matter. been undertaken for postal supervisors, increased by 4.3 percent in 1964 over The SPEAKER. Is there objection to who serve as the link between manage­ 1960, producing savings of $69 million the request of the gentleman from South ment and the rank and file of employees. over that period. Carolina? On a smaller scale, training centers Sound labor-management relations, There was no objection. have been established for mechanics in operational economies, further use of Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. the maintenance and repair of postal mechanization, and adoption of progres­ Speaker, I met with a group of distin­ vehicles, for the upkeep of air condition­ sive management techniques have pro­ guished Americans of Italian heritage ing plants, for operators of mechanized duced solid gains for the public. last Friday with President Lyndon equipment and for sprucing up the inte­ Proven mechanized equipment is being B. Johnson at the White House to pro­ rior and exterior of post offices. installed in post offices where it will do pose a commemorative stamp for the The Department is cooperating with the most good in helping personnel to Verrazano Narrows Bridge which was President Johnson's Committee on Con­ process the mail. With the help of ZIP named in honor of Giovanni da Verra­ sumer Interests, giving particular atten­ code, the Department is taking advan­ zano, Italian explorer and navigator. tion to protecting the public-especially tage of the data processing equipment The bridge is the largest single span senior citizens-against mail fraud swin­ now in the hands of private enterprise to bridge in the world and joins Staten dles involving land offered for vacation presort the mail and speed it to its des­ Island with Brooklyn, N.Y., spanning the and retirement. tination. Narrows through which every ship enter­ Merit awards have been extended to In the past year a total of 1,261,930 ad­ ing New York must pass. Meeting with employees in the field who show excep­ dresses has been added to city delivery­ the President were Hon. Hugh L. Carey, tional competence on the job. to 132,809 business firms and 1,129,121 15th Congressional District; Hon. Ed­ New opportunities for promotion are residential families. Rural delivery has ward D. Re, Chairman, Foreign Claims being made available to experienced car­ increased to take in an additional 95,801 Settlement Commission; Hon. Albert V. riers and to clerks performing more re­ families. Maniscalco, president of the Borough sponsible duties. Construction awards were made to of Richmond, N.Y.; Dr. Mario F. Taglia­ The number of automatic data proc­ build and lease 8 big postal plants in gambe, Brooklyn, N.Y.; Hon. James v. essing centers in the Department was cut cities handling the greatest volume of Mangano, chief law officer, Supreme from 14 to 6, at a saving of $4 million a mail, and plans were developed under Court, Brooklyn, N.Y.; Mr. Anthony year. the Department's lease-construction Scotto, vice president, Longshoremen's These changes were accomplished on program to proceed with the construc­ Association, Brooklyn, N.Y.; Mr. Robert a postal budget which consisted of all tion of an additional 13 by the end of fis­ R. Rofrano, president, Grand Council of lean meat and no fat. Savings to the cal year 1965. Columbia Association of Municipal, City American taxpayer totaled at least $391 Contracts also were awarded during and Federal Employees in Civil Service; million this year, measured against the Hon. Ross J. DiLorenzo, national secre­ the year for construction of 896 other tary, American Committee on Italian forecast made by the Eisenhower ad­ postal buildings throughout the country, Migration; Mr. John N. Lacorte, direc­ ministration for fiscal 1964. and the General Services Administration The Department's economy program­ tor, Italian Historical Society of Amer­ was authorized to modernize postal space ica; and Judge Edward D. Caiazzo, crim­ and the public is entitled to know this-­ in 270 Federal buildings. inal court, city of New York. As a result averted a postage rate increase this year. Under Mr. Gronouski's direction the of the appeal made to the President by The public is also entitled to know that ABCD program of 4-hour service was ex­ this group, the President approved the in relation to our national income, the tended to an additional 73 cities, rais­ issuance of a commemorative stamp postage we pay for the service we get is ing the total to 271, and assuring more dedicating the Verrazano Narrows lower than anywhere else in the world. delivery service on the same day than Bridge. Alert as he has been to the need for any other nation. change, where change was warranted to Thanks to the ability, the initiative, At the White House meeting the Pres­ improve service, Postmaster General the patience, and the foresightedness of ident addressed the group &S follows: Gronouski has not hesitated to support, Postmaster General Gronouski, I can say Your visit today reminds me of one of the most memorable--and inspiring--experiences consolidate, and implement the programs without hesitation that the United States of my life. begun by his immediate predecessor. now has the best postal servfce in the Two years ago this month I visited the He has placed the full prestige of his world. city of Naples. There I was privileged to office behind such notable service im­ As vice chairman and ranking member speak to and meet with several hundred provements as ZIP code, ABCD-4-hour on the important committee of the House, families who were leaving their native land delivery service for business communi­ Post Office and Civil Service, I certainly to become citizens of our land. ties--and NIMS, a project which calls believe I am in the position to observe There is no more difficult decision men can for the Nation's large volume mailers to the magnificent record that this man has make than to leave their homeland-and cooperate with the Department in a joint made and it has been my privilege as their family ties to begin life anew in an­ other land. In this office I think always effort to eradicate what has been de­ well as the other members of my com­ of the more than 40 million men and women scribed as the Department's "5 o'clock mittee to have worked with him and who since 1820 have made that choice. A shadow." shared a mutual cooperation in his great President has no greater duty than to use This was the enormous glut of mail record. every strength and talent to keep America that used to descend on the Nation's post To his few and uninformed critics-­ as a land to which many will want to come-­ offices after 5 p.m. At one time it and no man worth his salt can hold a and none will want to leave. amounted to 80 percent of the day's mail. controversial position without stirring up We must have laws regarding immigra­ Today, thanks to the cooperation of the some opposition-I say: Let us look at tion. Personally, I believe our laws should not say that the relatives of any Americans Nation's mailers, that percentage has the record. For 1 year in office it is in­ are not welcome to become Americans them­ been cut to 48.9 percent for all mail and deed a formidable record, and I am proud selves. We are committed to eliminating dis­ 43. 7 percent for priority mail. ' to salute the honorable gentleman from crimination in our society. I believe we Under Postmaster General Gronouski's Wisconsin-John A. Gronouski-a man should also eliminate discrimination in the leadership, even greater gains have been who has brought great honor to all Amer- laws relating to those who would join our .recorded in barring discrimination and icans everywhere of Polish decent. society from abroad. The strength of our 22730 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 24 Nation has been built from many groups He has never replied, and perhaps for and a group of Algerian officers will train from many lands. No group has contributed the reason he knows that everything I the refugees. more--few have contributed so much-as the have had to say about President John­ Mr. Speaker, the U.S. taxpayer has sons and daughters of Italy. son's personal and family business in­ contributed some $332 million to the History sometimes turns on small things. terests is entirely factual. United Nations Relief and Works Agency I often think back to the anxious years im­ mediately after World War II-the year of However, if the gentleman will not since 1949 to care for the Arab refugees. the Italian elections. The whole history of show a Member of the House the com­ Do the Arabs expect us to continue to the postwar world-and the struggle be­ mon courtesy of responding to a legiti­ pay about 70 percent of the annual $35 tween communism and freedom-might have mate inquiry; if he does i:tot have the million bill to feed the refugees, educate been different if we had not learned to love fairness to admit that he was wrong, and train them, house them, and pre­ and trust the Italian people as friends and what can the American people expect serve their health while their leaders or­ neighbors in America. On the cornerstone from the Rules Committee of the other ganize them into an army? Can any­ of that friendship, trust and closeness, Amer­ ica's policy of strength against Communist body other than another coat of white­ thing be more cynical than the use of aggression and subversion was built. Today wash on the scandalous Bobby Baker the refugees as pawns in the struggle to we rejoice in the freedom, the success and case? eliminate Israel by the Arabs while the the high promise of modern Italy. United States and other nations are I am very proud today that Americans who ARAB CHALLENGE asked to pay for their upkeep? bear fine Italian names play such an im­ Mr. Speaker, the problem of the Arab portant role in our national life--and this The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. LIB­ refugees must be resolved. The refugees, administration. A good many "firsts" have ONATI). Under previous order of the who regularly insist on repatriation to been established these last 4 years. There House, the gentleman from New York the Israel they have announced they will is Secretary Celebrezze in the Cabinet. Sen­ [Mr. RYAN] is recognized for 5 minutes. destroy, should be settled in the Arab ator PASTORE was keynoter of the Democratic Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Speaker, lands where they now reside. UNRWA National Convention. Here in the White on September 2 the House debated House, always at my side, is Jack Valenti. I should make every efiort to eliminate have learned one thing from my association amendments to Public Law 480, in con­ from the relief rolls the thousands of with them-and others. My Italian friends nection with surplus food shipments to names of persons who are dead or who are very persuasive. the United Arab Republic. In discussing have found employment outside the U.N. You have been very persuasive this af­ the aggressive acts and intentions of camps as has been strongly recom­ ternoon. As far as I am concerned, I be­ President Nasser of Egypt, I stated: mended by UNRWA's Secretary General, lieve we should have another first-a stamp "The United States must not be a silent Dr. Laurence Michelmore. commemorating this first great project named partner to Egypt's arms buildup." The United States must make it clear after an Italian. If I have any influence with Regrettably, only a short time later, I to the Arab States that we will indeed, the Post omce Department, and I think that am once more compelled to point out I may, we will issue the stamp. in the words of President Kennedy, "op­ that United States aid indirectly fur­ pose the use of force or the threat of The Postmaster General accordingly thers the Arab plan to destroy the State force, in the Near East." approved the issuance of the stamp on of Israel. Mr. Speaker, the New York Post edi­ September 18, 1964. The second Arab summit meeting, re­ torialized on September 14, 1964, on the cently held in Alexandria, Egypt, was challenge posed by the Arab decision to not as su.ccessful as the previous con­ create the so-called Palestinian army BOBBY BAKER INVESTIGATION ference in presenting a picture of Arab and called upon the United Nations to The SPEAKER pro tempo re lift a dagger to plunge into Israel's 16, 1964, I again wrote to the chairman a 30,000-man refugee force. The new back? of the Rules Committee of the other Palestinian army will be based in the At the very least, the United States should body, referred to my earlier letter, and Gaza strip and the Sinai Desert, on serve notice that it will not continue to asked if he had any intention of honor­ Egypt's frontiers with Israel. Palestin­ underwrite an agency that is misused for ing my simple request. ians presently in the Jordanian Army such purposes. 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 22731 SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS causes beyond his control; to the Committee on Ways and Means. By unanimous consent, permission to Under clause 4 of rule XXII, public By Mr. MILLIKEN: address the House, fallowing the legis­ bills and resolutions were introduced and H.J. Res.1179. Joint resolution proposing lative program and any special orders severally referred as follows: an amendment to the Constitution of the heretofore entered, was granted to Mr. By Mr. O'KONSKI: United States to provide that no person may RYAN of New York, for 5 minutes, today, H.R. 12682. A bill to provide a self-help be a Member of Congress who has not, when and to revise and extend his remarks and plan under which agricultural commodity elected or appointed, been an inhabitant for include extraneous matter. producers would be able to obtain a fair and at least 6 years of the State from which he equitable share of the national income; to is chosen; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Commi·ttee on Agriculture. By Mr. MOORE: EXTENSION OF REMARKS H.R. 12683. A bill to establish a scholar­ H.J. Res. 1180. Joint resolution proposing By unanimous consent, permission to ship program to train scientists and tech­ an amendment to the Constitution of the extend remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL nicians; to provide that scholarship bene­ United States to provide that no person may ficiaries shall be obligated to serve in the be a Member of the Senate who has not, RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks, Armed Forces upon completion of their edu­ when elected or appointed, been an inhab­ was granted to: caition, and for other purpose; to the Com­ itant for at least 5 years of the State from Mr. RHODES of Pennsylvania. mittee on Education and Labor. which he is chosen; to the Committee on Mr. CELLER. H.R. 12684. A bill to amend title 38, United the Judiciary. (The following Members