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MASTER BY: Samuel S mi JQ V 3!i A8 mimn GJBX-2(81) National Uranium Resource Evaluation GEOLOGY AND RECOGNITION CRITERIA FOR URANIFEROUS HUMATE DEPOSITS GRANTS URANIUM REGION, NEW MEXICO FINAL REPORT MASTER BY: Samuel S. Adams L^amuel S. Adams and Associates Boulder, Colorado and A. E. Saucier SEDI-MET, Inc. Albuquerque, New Mexico N January 1981 PREPARED FOR THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Assistant Secretary for Resource Applications Grand Junction Office, Colorado This report is a result of work performed by Samuel S. Adams and Associates, through a Bendix Field Engineering Corporation subcontract, as part of the National Uranium Resource Evaluation. NURE is a program of the U.S. Department of Energy's Grand Junction, Colorado, Office to acquire and compile geologic and other information with which to assess the magnitude and distribution of uranium resources and to determine areas favorable for the occurrence of uranium in the United States. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. GJBX-2(81) GEOLOGY AND RECOGNITION CRITERIA FOR URANIFEROUS HUMATE DEPOSITS, GRANTS URANIUM REGION, NEW MEXICO FINAL REPORT Samuel S. Adams Samuel S. Adams and Associates 2342 Broadway Boulder, Colorado 80302 and A. E. Saucier Consulting Geologist SEDI-MET, INC. -DISCLAIMER • Th 5 book was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency o1 the Unned Stales Goyemment Ne iher the United States Government nor any agency thereot nor any ot their employees makes any warranty express or mplieri or assumes any legal liablty or responsibil ty for the accuracy I completeness or usefulness of any informat on apparatus product or process disclosed or 1 represents that ts use would not infr nge privately owned r gfits Reference herein to any spec fic 1 commercial product process or service by trade name trademark manufacturer or otfierw se does 1 not necessarily const tute or imply Us endorsement recommendation or favor ng by the Un ted 1 States Government or any agency thereot The views and opm ons of authors expressed herein do not 1 necessarily state or reflect those of the Un ted States Government or any agency thereof November, 1980 PREPARED FOR THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR RESOURCE APPLICATIONS GRAND JUNCTION OFFICE, COLORADO UNDER CONTRACT NO. DE-AC13-76GJ01664 AND BENDIX FIELD ENGINEERING CORPORATION SUBCONTRACT NO. 79-296-S TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SUMMARY 9 INTRODUCTION 13 Background 13 Objectives 14 Sources of Information 15 Acknowledgments. 16 GENERAL GEOLOGY 17 Regional Setting 17 Stratigraphy 17 Morrison Formation 20 Recapture Member 22 Westwater Canyon Member 24 Brushy Basin Member 31 Jackpile Sandstone 33 Pre-Cretaceous Unconformity 34 Dakota Sandstone 35 Igneous Rocks 35 Structure 36 Pre-Dakota Structures 36 Faults 37 Folds 37 Pipe Structures 39 Early Cenozolc Structures 42 Late Cenozolc Structures 43 Tectonic History 46 PETROLOGY OF THE HOST SANDSTONE 47 Allogenic Components 47 Framework Grains ..... 47 Quartz 47 Feldspars 49 Rock Fragments 49 Clay Galls 50 Organic Detritus 51 Heavy Minerals 52 Matrix-Cement 53 Authigenic Minerals 53 Clay Minerals 54 Calcite 55 Silica 56 Heavy Minerals 56 Iron Oxides and Carbonate 57 Titanium Minerals 57 Other Minerals 59 Humate 59 Oxidation History 62 Pre-Dakota Oxidation 62 Tertiary Oxidation 63 Quaternary Oxidation 63 -3- Page GEOLOGIC HISTORY 65 GEOLOGY OF THE URAIJIJM DEPOSITS 69 Exploration History 69 Uranium Deposits 70 Primary Uranium Deposits 71 Ore Trends 71 Blanket Ore 72 Jackpile flineralization 75 Ore Controls 75 Accessory Minerals . 76 Age of Primary Tlineralization 79 PN.edistributed Uranium Deposits 80 Early Redistributed Mineralization 80 Stack Ore 82 C-Roll Mineralization 87 Oxidized Uranium Deposits 89 Oxidized Primary Ore 89 Oxidized Redistributed Ore 89 Minor Uranium Occurrences 91 ORGANIC MATTER 95 Types of Organic Matter 95 Metal-Organic Compounds 96 The Coffinite Problem 98 Summary on Organic Material 99 ORE-RELATED ALTERATION 103 Ilmenite-Magnetite Alteration and Destruction 103 Feldspar Alteration 105 Clay Minerals 110 General Distribution 110 Ore-related Clays Ill Kaolinite 113 Pyrite 115 Calcite 115 Other Alterations 116 Paragenesis of Alteration Minerals 117 Alteration Zoning 118 ISOTOPE STUDIES 121 Sulfur Isotopes 121 Isotopes of the Uranium Decay Series 121 Age Dates 122 SYNTHESIS 125 Stratigraphy 125 Structure 125 Lithology and Diagenesis 126 Ground Water 127 Organics 128 Climate 129 Oxidation 130 Mineralogy 131 GENETIC MODEL 133 Evolution of Thought 133 Genetic Working Models 135 -4- Page Working Model I 135 Sediment Deposition 136 Diagenesis 137 Ore Formation 138 Working Model II 139 Uranium Source 141 Structural Controls and Ore Trends 141 Comparison with VJyoming Roll-Type Deposits 142 RECOGNITION CRITERIA 143 Introduction 143 Evaluation of Recognition Criteria 146 Description of Recognition Criteria 149 Regional Tectonic, Structural and Geologic Setting 149 Tectonic Setting 149 Structural Setting 150 Deformation 150 Sediment Provenance 150 Uraniferous Province 155 Continental Sedimentary Sequence 155 Age 155 Associated Sediments 155 Host Sediments 156 Thickness 156 Area 156 Sand-Shale Facies 156 Shales 157 Host Sandstone 157 Area 158 Thickness 158 Depositional Environment 158 Permeability 159 Composition 159 Organic Matter 159 elastics 159 Volcaniclastics 160 Sand-Shale Proportions 160 Alteration and Mineralization 160 Mineralization 161 Alteration 161 Ilmenite-Magnetite 162 Pyrite 162 Feldspar 162 REFLECTIONS AND CONTINUING STUDIES 165 POTENTIAL FOR URANIFEROUS HUMATE-TYPE DEPOSITS IN THE UNITED STATES . 169 APPENDIX 1 SCHEMATIC DRILL HOLE ALTERATION LOGS 173 APPENDIX 2 ESTIMATION OF GEOLOGIC FAVORABILITY FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF URANIFEROUS HUMATE-TYPE DEPOSITS 187 Calculation of Estimated Favorability 187 Completeness and Confidence of Geologic Data 189 Interpretation of Results 189 Example of Favorability Estimate 192 SELECTED REFERENCES 205 LIST OF FIGURES Number Pafee 1. Index map of the Colorado Plateau showing the location of the 18 Grants Uranium Region (modified from Jobin, 1962). 2. Columnar section for the Jurassic rocks in the Grants Uranium 21 Region. 3. Sketch of an intraformational slump structure in the Summerville 40 Formation at Pyramid Mountain near Gallup, New Mexico (Saucier, 1967). 4. Sketch of normal faults and associated slumping in the Zuni sand 41 stone near Pyramid Mountain, New Mexico (Saucier, 1967). 5. Tectonic map of northwestern New Mexico showing igneous centers 44 and some of the uranium deposits (Kelly, 1955). 6. Map of the San Juan Basin region showing the extent of strong 58 hematitic oxidation within the Westwater Canyon Tleraber of the Morrison Formation and its association with Laramide uplifts. 7. Isometric sketch of a primary ore blanl;et from the south trend In 73 Ambrosia Lake (modified from Roeber, 1972). 8. Idealized cross section showing stack and primary ore as it exists 74 in southwestern Ambrosia Lake (modified from Roeber, 1972). 9. Composite sketch of a variety of features associated with ore in 77 the Ann Lee and Section 27 mines (from Squyres, 1970, and Kendall, 1971). 10. Schematic cross section across the oxidation front in the 84 Westwater Canyon Member. Roll front uranium mineralization occurs in every sandstone interval from the top to bottom of the member. The line of section is shown in Figure 11. 11. Map of the sinuous roll fronts in one of the sandstone units of 85 the lower Westwater Canyon Member in the northeast Church Rock area. 12. Schematic map and cross sections of the oxidation front and 88 uranium mineralization in the lower sandstone of the Ruby Well ore trend located in Township 15 North and Range 13 West (modified from Ristorcelli, 1980). 13. Logs for a core hole through the Westwater Canyon Member, Church 106 Rock District, New Mexico. Ilmenite-magnetite distribution indi­ cated by spikes on magnetic susceptibility log and visual estimates from thin sections (modified from Hafen et al, 1967). -6- Number Page 14. Paragenetic relations for the detrital and authigenic minerals of 107 the Jackpile sandstone. Shading represents the clastic deposition or authigenic formation of minerals, dashed lines indicate the destruction of minerals (from Adams et al, 1978). 15. Paragenetic relations for diagnetic alterations in the Tlorrison 108 Formation, Ojito Spring Quadrangle, New Mexico (from Flesch and Wilson, 1974). 16. Cross sections of part of the Jackpile Mine area showing the dis- 120 tribution of uraniferous humate lenses and mineral alteration zones (from Adams et al, 1978). 17. Recognition criteria net for the uraniferous humate deposits, 145 Grants Uranium Region. Numerical estimates of relative favor­ ability
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