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What Is the Zuni Sandstone Today

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What Is the Zuni Sandstone Today What is the ZuniSandstone Today -- 100 Years AfterDutton? A Discussion andReview of JurassicStratigraphy in West-Central New Mexico NEW MEXICO BUREAU OF MINES AND MINERAL RESOURCES OPEN-FILE REPORT 174 by Orin J. Anderson New MexicoBureau of Minesand Mineral Resources 1983 Contents Introduction P. 1 Discussion P. 3 Todilto Limestone - Navajo Sandstone P- 5 San Rafael Group Defined P. 8 Glen CanyonGroup Defined P. 9 MorrisonFormation Subdivided p. 14 Cow SpringsSandstone p. 17 1956 Memorandum from C. H. Dane p. 22 Zuni Sandstone Redefined p. 26 Summary p. 28 ReferencesCited p. 30 Figures Fig. 1 Index map of study area Fig. 2 Stratigraphic nomenclature and correlationchart- 1885 to present Fig. 3 Measured section at type locality of Zuni Sandstone (inside back cover) Fig. 4 Stratigraphiccross-section-Dakota and Zuni sandstones, showing southward thinning of Zuni Sandstone (inside back cover) WHAT IS THE ZUNISANDSTONE TODAY -- 100 YEARS AFTER DUTTON? A DISCUSSION AND REVIEW OF JURASSICSTRATIGRAPHY IN WEST-CENTRAL NEW MEXICO Introduction The massivesequence(s) of light colored, cross bedded sandstonesthat underliethe Dakota Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous) in west-central New Mexico and northeasternArizona were first described and namedby CaptainClarence E. Dutton ofthe U. S. Army Ordinance Corps. His reportentitled "Mount Taylor and the Zuni Plateau"(Dutton, 1885) contains an account of the stratigraphy and structure of those two areas and theimmediately surrounding region(the Zuni Plateau is thepresent day Zuni uplift). In thereport he described a "massive bright redsandstone" that overlies the "basal Triassediments" (the present day ChinleFormation) in theFort Wingate area; this unit henamed "provisionally"the Wingate Sandstone. Overlyingthe Wingate Dutton recognized "a series ofsandstones and sandy shales ...... wonderfully bandedand variegated in color". North ofFort Wingate, New Mexico it was describedas "broken up into a series of variegated beds of all.conceivablecolors" whereasin the Zuni Pueblo area it was describedas being of "a nearly uniform creamy whitecolor". Dutton named allthese beds the Zuni Sandstones. The type Wingate of Dutton (1885) is now recognizedas the Entrada Sandstone. But thenomenclature change did not come about all at once; there were severalinstallments. The first of thesetook place following a reviewof existing knowledge and additional field workby Baker, Dane, and Reeside (1947), who stated "this cliff forming sandstone which crops out .... in the cliffs north ofFort Wingate, New Mexico is thus equivalent to the sandstone that is calledEntrada over most of Utahand Colorado, and has below it a thin zone ofred silty sand and shale that is considered to be equivalentto the Carmel formation". Thus thetype locality of the - 2- Wingate was abandoned, butthe term Wingate was retainedfor the basal sandstone ofthe Glen Canyon Group. The Glen Canyon Group was thenextended into theFort Wingate area to include the lower portion of Dutton's original WingateSandstone. The resultingdivision was, in ascendingorder, Glen Canyon groupundivided, Carmel Formationequivalent, and EntradaSandstone, with no thicknessesspecified. During an investigationof ground water resources of the Navajo Country, Harshbarger and others(1957) measuredand interpretedthe section at Fort Wingate somewhat differently. They consideredthe upper 303 ft ofDutton's original Wingate to be theEntrada Sandstone of Baker, Dane, andReeside (1947),recognized an underlying 50 ft of red silty sandstonewhich they referred to asthe "medial silty member ofthe Entrada" (rather than Carmel equivalent) and thendesignated the basal 359 ft ofthe section asthe Lukachukai Member of the WingateSandstone (theGlen Canyon group of Baker, Dane, and Reeside,1947). The typesection for the Lukachukai, the upper member of theWingate Sandstone, was the vertical cliff in the escarpmentnortheast of Lukachukai, Apache County,Arizona (Fig. 1). It remained for Green (1974) toprovide the final installment in the nomenclature change. Hisfield investigations in the Gallup-Grants area of New Mexicorevealed that the relationship between the medial silty member ofthe Entrada Sandstoneand theunderlying Lukachukai member of the Wingate Sandstone was a comformable one. The unconformitylay rather at the base of theLukachukai. Thus Green reassignedthe Lukachukai to the basal Entrada, named it theIyanbito Member, andsuggested the unconformity at its base representsthe Triassic-Jurassic boundary. With the general acceptance of this work,there is at present,no Wingate Sandstone at Fort Wingate. r Figure I. Indexmap of study area (modified from Harsharger and others. 19571 - 3- The problemssurrounding the "Zuni sandstones" ofDutton are even more confusing, andhave not been resolvedto the extent as those of the Wingate. The interval, or parts of it, representedby the term Zuni sandstones in its original context hasbeen variouslycalled the McElmo,La Plata,Navajo, WhiteSandstone member ofthe Morrison, Cow Springs,Thoreau, and Zuni.Also, at ZuniPueblo, the lower part of Dutton's Zuni is equivalentto the present EntradaSandstone. Some ofthe problemshave arisen because Jurassic rocks in west-central New Mexicoare isolated from equivalent rocks elsewhere on theColorado Plateau, and lateral facies change coupledwith a distinct lack of fossils have made regional correlations very difficult. The purpose of this paper is to review the works of the various investigators in the ZuniBasin-Zuni uplift (Fig. 1) areasince Dutton and todiscuss theregional correlations of Jurassic rocks that weresubsequently proposed. Stratigraphicdata on theJurassic section obtained during geologic mapping and coalresources investigations in theZuni-Atarque areas is presented. The emphasis is intendedto be on theuppermost ofDutton's Jura-Trias units, the"Zuni sandstones," but discussion of the lower part isfrequently necessary to clarify the evolution of the nomenclature for this area. Discussion GunnisonGroup FollowingDutton's descriptive account of the "Zuni Plateau" country in 1885, a number of investigators either visited the area or attempted correlationsfrom their study areas into the Zuni area. Cross and Howe (1905) suggestedthat the Gunnison Group ofsouthwestern Colorado, which they divided into a lower unit called the La PlataSandstone andan upper - 4- one named the McElmo Formation, was equivalentto Dutton's Zuni sandstones (Fig. 2). More specifically, Cross and Howe were of the opinionthat the La Plata which in its typearea in the La Plata Mountains was a friable, cross bedded, white orgray (locally orange to red), quartzose sandstone, correlated with Dutton's Zuni sandstone beds at Navajo Church (1% miles northof Fort Wingate station, New Mexico). Cross and Howe alsorecognized a calcareous member, consisting locally of massive blue-gray limestone, in the upper halfof their La Platasandstone, with the remaining,overlying, partof the formation being "thin bedded shaly and inconspicuous." The McElmo Formation, being of a more variegated nature, was correlated with the Morrison Formation on the basisof vertebrate remains described by Riggs (1901). The MorrisonFormation had been namedby Cross(1894) for the nonmarine shales and sandstones so wellexposed in the areaabout Morrison, Colorado. In a reconnaissancesurvey of northwest New Mexicoand northernArizona, Darton (1910)applied Dutton's stratigraphic terms-Zuni and Wingate to "the Triassicrocks at the northern end of the Zuni uplift." One ofDarton's measured sections in that locality shows the limestone bedsof the present day Todilto Limestone forming the basalpart of his Zuni Sandstone section. In a discussionof the Zuni Pueblo, which is south of the Todiltopinchout, Darton(1910 p. 48) stated "the Zuni Sandstone .... is verymassive, appearing in cliffs of uniformcreamy-white or pale gray color, very different from its (variegated)character on the north side of the Zuni uplift."It is appropriate to note that the north side of the uplift is where the largely eolian Zuni Sandstone(of Dutton) begins tointertongue with the Recapture Member of the Morrison and is overlain by the Westwater CanyonMember of the Morrison(Harshberger and others,1957). Darton also observed that - 5- Dutton's Wingate sandstone changed considerably between the Zuni Pueblo area and the areaof the massive red cliffs just northof Fort Wingate. As we nowknow he was correlating the reddish brown, flat and thinly bedded silty sandstone of the present Rock Point Member of the Wingate Sandstone in the Zuni Pueblo area with the massive,cross bedded, present dayEntrada Sandstone in the Fort Wingate area. Darton (1910)considered both the Wingate andZuni units to be Triassic. Darton (1915, sheet 15), however, indicated a doubtfulCretaceous-Jurassic age for the upper partof the Zuni and a doubtfulJurassic age for the lower part. No reasons were statedfor the division into upper and lower parts or for the age revision, but he did mention(Darton, 1910, p. 46) the "suggestionof an erosionalbreak in the middleof the Zuni Sandstone,"southeast of Gallup which is just southof the Todiltopinchout; the "break" represents the Todiltointerval and thus the section below it is equivalent to the present EntradaSandstone. Todilto Limestone - Navajo Sandstone Terms Introduced The next paper of significance to address the Jurassic rocks of this area was Gregory (1917). He retainedDutton's Wingate terminologyfor the lower more reddish partof the section, but included it as the basal unit of his La Plata Group, therebyestablishing
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