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Jeanne Louise Henriette Campan (1752-1822)

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Jeanne Louise Henriette Campan (1752-1822) Antologia de Escritoras Francesas do Século XVIII. Biografias. Madame Campan. Marie-Hélène C. Torres. Sheila Santos. ISBN: 978-85-61482-68-8. Jeanne Louise Henriette Campan (1752-1822) Joseph Boze, Retrato de Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Campan (1786), Versailles, Museu de história da França. Disponível em: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_Louise_Henriette_Campan#/media/File:Jeanne_Louise_Henrie tte_Campan.jpg. Acessado em 13 de julho de 2014 Biografia: Nascida Henriette Genet em 2 de outubro de 1752 em Paris. Faleceu em 16 de março de 1822 em Mantes. Foi uma escritora e ilustre educadora francesa. Henriettte era filha de Edme Jacques Genet, Primeiro Oficial de relações exteriores, e Marie- Anne-Louise Cardon. Seu pai permitiu-lhe estudar o inglês, italiano além de canto e artes. Tendo sido muito bem-educada, em outubro de 1768 foi escolhida como leitora das filhas do rei Louis XV. Ela estava na época com quinze anos. Em 1770, passa a ser camareira da rainha Marie Antoinette. Em Julho de 1786 foi nomeada Primeira Camareira da rainha. Casou-se em 11 de maio de 1774 com Pierre Dominique François Campan os dois tiveram um filho chamado Henri Campan em outubro de 1784. Madame Campan continuou servindo a rainha mesmo depois da fuga de Versalhes e Antologia de Escritoras Francesas do Século XVIII. ISBN: 978-85-61482-68-8. Antologia de Escritoras Francesas do Século XVIII. Biografias. Madame Campan. Marie-Hélène C. Torres. Sheila Santos. ISBN: 978-85-61482-68-8. continuou ao seu lado até a tomada das Tuleries em 10 de agosto de 1792, data em que Madame Campan foi violentamente separada da rainha. Após a tomada das Tuleries a casa de madame Campan foi queimada e ela, como estava sendo fortemente perseguida, fugiu junto com a irmã que também era camareira da rainha para se refugiar no castelo de Coubertin. A irmã de Madame Campan, temendo ser presa e morta, suicidou-se deixando sua três filhas aos seus cuidados. Sem grandes recursos e tendo entre dependentes sua mãe com deficiência, um marido doente, um filho de dez anos e três sobrinhas órfãs, ela mudou-se em 31 de julho de 1794 para Saint-Germain-en-Laye onde, graças ao seu elevado nível de educação, abriu um pequeno pensionato para jovens senhoras sob o nome de “Institution Nationale de Saint-Germain.” Seu pensionato logo se tornou um sucesso, lugar onde foram criadas as filhas da alta burguesia como as irmãs e as filhas adotivas do general Napoleão Bonaparte, Caroline e Pauline Bonaparte. Elas foram acompanhadas por Hortense e Stéphanie de Beauharnais, netas de Madame de Genlis e estrangeiros como Elisa Monroe, filha do futuro presidente dos Estados Unidos e as cinco filhas do embaixador dos EUA, Prinkey. Em 1807 Napoleão coloca Madame Campan a frente da Maison Impériale d'Écouen, uma instituição educacional da Legion d'honneur onde deveriam ser criadas as filhas dos altos oficiais da legião. Ela ali permanece durante o período que durou o Império. Com a restauração e a tomada do poder pelo rei Louis XVIII começa um período terrível na vida de Madame Campan; o pior deles foi o ostracismo sofrido após a monarquia ser restaurada. Madame Campan esperava de muito boa fé receber quaisquer sinais de gratidão pelo seu comportamento durante o período em que viveu com o rei Louis XVI e com Marie-Antoinette, ela os serviu com dedicação incansável de 1770 a 1792, não os tendo abandonado nem no momento em que ambos foram perseguidos. Ela foi mal tratada, assim como suas sobrinhas, principalmente pela duquesa d'Angoulème que, com seu sectarismo e sua destreza, desprezara todos aqueles que de alguma forma pactuaram com o regime imperial. Depois de uma breve parada em uma pequena casa, ela se instala, no final de março, perto da casa do Dr. Maigne, que havia se casado com sua ex-aluna Adelaide Crouzet. Porém, durante os cinco anos que havia deixado para viver, ela viajou extensivamente. Em 1818 ela ficou com a sobrinha Agathe Bourboulon St. Elmo. Em setembro de 1820 ela foi para Coudreaux na casa da Madame Ney, onde ela viu seu velho amigo, o pintor Isabey. Ela encontra sua querida Hortense em Balê enquanto retorna para casa. Provavelmente esse não foi o último contato com a ex-rainha da Holanda e sim alguns anos antes em que Hortense convidou Madame Campan para criar na Suíça um internato para moças no modelo do Saint-Germain. Madame Campan recusou a proposta, pois Antologia de Escritoras Francesas do Século XVIII. ISBN: 978-85-61482-68-8. Antologia de Escritoras Francesas do Século XVIII. Biografias. Madame Campan. Marie-Hélène C. Torres. Sheila Santos. ISBN: 978-85-61482-68-8. já se considerava muito velha e cansada para tamanha responsabilidade. Por quase dois anos Madame Campan sabia estar sofrendo de câncer de mama, entretanto aceitou se operar tardiamente pelo Dr. Voisin, famoso cirurgião de Versalhes, e irmão de uma amiga. Dr. Maigne operou Madame Campan no dia 03 de fevereiro de 1822. A cirurgia não foi suficiente para a remoção do tumor e Madame Campan deu seu último suspiro em 16 de Março. Seu corpo foi sepultado na segunda parte da 1ª Divisão do antigo cemitério de Mantes. Seu epitáfio diz: “ Elle fut utile à la jeunesse et consola les malheureux”. Bibliografia de Madame Campan: CAMPAN, Madame. Mémoires sur la vie privée de Marie-Antoinette: Reine de France et de Navarre. Paris: Barrière Boudoin, 1822. 788 p. CAMPAN, Madame. Journal anecdotique de Mme Campan; ou, Souvenirs recueillis dans ses entretiens. Paris: Baudoin Frères, 1824. 350 p. CAMPAN, Madame. Théatre d'éducation. Paris: Baudoin Frères, 1826. 353 p. CAMPAN, Madame. Lettres de deux jeunes amies, élèves d'Écouen. Bruxelles: Belge, 1827. 171 p. CAMPAN, Madame. De l'éducation, suivi des Conseils aux jeunes filles, de quelques Essais de morale, et d'un Théâtre pour les jeunes personnes. Paris: Imprimerie de Rignoux, 1832. 3v CAMPAN, Madame. Correspondance inédite de Mme Campan avec la Reine Hortense.Paris: A. Levavasseur, 1835. 3 v. Referências http://www.chateauversailles.fr/l-histoire/personnages-de-cour/epoque-louis-xvi/madame- campan Acesso em: 24 junho 2014. http://www.napoleon.org/fr/salle_lecture/articles/files/Madame_Campan_Maisons_Imperiales .asp Acesso em: 24 junho 2014 Acesso ao livros e apoio na tradução: Gallica: http://gallica.bnf.fr/?lang=PT Googlebooks: http://books.google.com.br/ GoogleFr: https://www.google.fr/?gws_rd=ssl GoogleBr.https://www.google.com.br/?gws_rd=ssl Data de publicação: 22/09/2015 Marie-Hélène C. Torres Sheila Santos Antologia de Escritoras Francesas do Século XVIII. ISBN: 978-85-61482-68-8. .
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