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Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2006 General Paul Thiébault His Life and His Legacy Jackson L. Sigler Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES GENERAL PAUL THIÉBAULT HIS LIFE AND HIS LEGACY By JACKSON L. SIGLER A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded Spring Semester, 2006 The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Jackson L. Sigler defended on December 14, 2005 __________________________ Donald D. Horward Professor Directing Dissertation __________________________ Patrick O’Sullivan Outside Committee Member __________________________ Peter Garretson Committee Member __________________________ Jonathan Grant Committee Member __________________________ Michael Creswell Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. Dedicated To Luther Dudley Sigler 1880-1934 Corporal, 20th United States Infantry Who started it all. And Robert Kenneth Godfrey 1911-2000 Ph.D. Duke University Professor of Botany, Florida State University Who demonstrated that it could be done despite all obstacles. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people and events have led me to this point in my life. A camping trip with my children inspired an interest in eighteenth and nineteenth century military history; a fortuitous European assignment enabled me to visit repeatedly the battlefield at Waterloo; Michael, my oldest son, himself a student of the Battle of Borodino, and Andrew Percival, formerly of Virginia Military Institute, both initially encouraged my interest in the Napoleonic period. These interests would have gone nowhere without the opportunity, encouragement, and guidance provided by Dr. Donald Horward of the Institute on Napoleon and the French Revolution in the Department of History at The Florida State University. His direction enabled me to bring this work to a successful conclusion, and his enthusiasm and knowledge gave me with both a real appreciation of the historical study of this period and also the motivation to persevere in my own studies. Despite his retirement, he continued to work with me, month by month, and often day by day, to enable me to complete and defend this dissertation in December 2005. Within the Department of History, other faculty members, especially Drs. Peter Garretson, Michael Creswell, and Jonathan Grant have all been most generous in sharing their knowledge and giving me encouragement and support. My fellow students working under Dr. Horward have shared with me their knowledge, experience, friendship and frequently challenged me with questions and comments. They have all been most helpful, but I owe a special debt of gratitude to Major Frederick Black, Captain Michael Bonura, Jeffery Graceffo, Kenneth Johnson, Alexander Mikaberidze, and Eman Vosi who unhesitatingly shared the results of their own research with me. I also owe my thanks to the entire staff of the History Department, but especially to Debbie Perry and Chris Pagnatiello, who led me over the bureaucratic hurdles of academe. At Dr. Horward’s suggestion, I contacted the noted American scholar, Colonel John Elting, concerning my initial interest in the état-major of the Grande Armée. He graciously replied with both encouragement and advice shortly before his death. This work benefits from just a tiny part of Colonel Elting’s huge legacy of Napoleonic scholarship. Many other scholars of Napoleon and the Empire have shared with me their iii knowledge and insights on the period, especially at meetings of the Consortium on Revolutionary Europe. I am especially grateful to Dr. John Tone of Georgia Institute if Technology, who, in response to an email from an unknown student, dug back into his notes for a 1997 book to help me resolve a particularly difficult problem. Brother Robert Werle, Curator of the Brother I. Leo O’Donnell Archives of the Christian Brothers University in Memphis kindly gave me complete access to the Leslie H. Kuehner Napoleonic Collection that my great-uncle had acquired and donated to that institution. A find there sent me off in yet another original line of research. I owe thanks to the staff of the Strozier Library of the Florida State University, especially Dr. Lucia Patrick, Head of Special Collections and her staff, including, but not limited to, Chad Underwood, Burt Altman, Mike Matos, Alice Motes, and Garnett Avant. Their cheerful assistance and willingness to go the extra mile to help made working there a delight. Elsewhere, I extend my thanks to Breon Mitchell and the staff of the Lilly Library of Indiana University in Bloomington, and Laurie Kline of the staff of Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library of Yale University. In Paris, the staffs of Archives de la guerre of the Service historique de armée de terre at the Château de Vincennes, the Centre de histoire de Archives nationales, the Bibliothèque nationale de France, and the Bibliothèque Martial Lapeyre, cheerfully answered my questions and filled my requests despite my pronounced American accent. My only regret is that I am unable to name them all individually. I am also especially grateful to Victor André Masséna, Prince d'Essling, who not only befriended me both in the United States and in Paris, but also permitted my access to the archives of his ancestor, Marshal André Masséna. In Europe, I have received much help and encouragement from Mr. and Mrs. António Vincente, scholars of the French invasion of Portugal, Professor Ricardo Robledo of the University of Salamanca, and Miguel Ángel Martín Mas, Curator of the Museum of the Battle of Arapiles at Salamanca. Three expatriates living in Europe also deserve particular thanks. Michael La Vean, an American and student of the Napoleonic period, introduced me to life in rural France as well as to the used bookstores of Paris and found for me a complete set of Thiébault’s memoirs, the possession of which simplified my efforts immeasurably. Dr. Peter Hicks, of the Bibliothèque Martial Lapeyre of the Fondation Napoléon, introduced me to its well-appointed research library and has continued to respond graciously to my follow-up questions. Dr. Pierre Nys, a long-time iv colleague and friend now residing in Luxembourg, was invaluable in accompanying me to the city of Lille and working through the city’s archives. Both Dr. Nys and Marie-Ève Johnson, the wife of one of my student colleagues, also deserve special thanks for their assistance in French translations. However, any remaining errors in translation are strictly my own. I am most grateful for the financial support I have received over the years. Through Dr. Horward from the Institute on Napoleon and the French Revolution, this included Ben Weider Research Fellowships, a Proctor and Martha Jones Travel Fellowship, and a Vichness Family Award that together financed one summer doing research in Europe and assisted during a second. I wish to thank as well the Lilly Library at Indiana University for two Everett Helm Visiting Fellowships that enabled me twice to visit that institution and review the Jouy and Thiébault family papers, and the Graduate Studies Office of the Florida State University for a Dissertation Research Grant. Finally, and with love, I wish to recognize my in-house editor and translator, staff photographer, map-maker, graphics consultant, and personal cheerleader, my wife Ruth. Tallahassee, Florida December 2005 v TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures.................................................................................................................. viii Abstract.............................................................................................................................. ix INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 1. THE ARMIES OF THE REVOLUTION, 1789 – 1795................................................ 5 2. LE TREIZE VENDÉMIAIRE, PARIS, 1795 – 1796 .................................................... 21 3. WITH MASSÉNA IN ITALY, NOVEMBER 1796 – MARCH 1798........................ 29 4. THE ARMY OF ROME, MARCH 1798 – JANUARY 1799..................................... 41 5. THE ARMY OF NAPLES, JANUARY 1799 – JULY 1799 ...................................... 57 6. A LOST OPPORTUNITY, LE DIX-HUIT BRUMAIRE, 1799 ................................... 68 7. THE SIEGE OF GENOA, JANUARY 1800 – JUNE 1800........................................ 80 8. PEACE AT AMIENS, CONFLICT AT HOME, 1801 – 1805.................................. 100 9. THE BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ, 1805 – 1806 ...................................................... 120 10. FULDA AND TILSIT, 1806 – 1807 ........................................................................ 146 11. THE CORPS OF OBSERVATION OF THE GIRONDE, 1807.............................. 165 12. THE ARMY OF PORTUGAL, 1808 ....................................................................... 193 13. RETURN TO SPAIN, 1809 – 1810.......................................................................... 219 14. SALAMANCA AND BURGOS, 1811 – 1812 ........................................................ 248 15. THE DEFENSE OF HAMBURG, 1813 – 1814....................................................... 274 16. THE ROYAL STAFF CORPS AND THE MÉMOIRES, 1815 – 1846...................
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