Revista dos Alunos de Graduação da Área de Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em Inglês FFLCH/USP Yawp Editor responsável Lindberg S. Campos Filho Assistência editorial Gislene Fernandes Soares Edição e revisão Caroline Guarda Francisco Dau Gislene Fernandes Soares Ingrid Puche Jéssica Campos Oliveira Jonathan Renan Silva Souza Lilian De Carvalho Marcela Prado Siqueira Thaís Gomes Trindade Capa e diagramação Maria Lúcia Rigon Prefácio Profª Drª Maria Elisa Cevasco Revista Yawp #7, ano 2013 Revista dos Alunos de Graduação da Área de Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em Inglês – Fflch /Usp Issn 1980-2862 // São Paulo – SP Preface was very glad when my students asked me to write this preface to Yawp, and this I for a number of reasons. I have always been an enthusiast of the project of a journal produced by students to circulate their own intellectual production, and I think there is a lot to celebrate in the continuity of the project. This is issue 7, a number that points to consolidation and stability. But I was particularly pleased to introduce an issue whose theme is “Politics is everything and is everywhere”. When I was a “Letras” student, back in the 1970s, the idea that politics and letters were inextricably intertwined was not on the agenda. By and large, we still followed the principles laid out in the 1860s by the founder of literary criticism Mathew Arnold, for whom culture was “sweetness and light, the study of per- fection, of the best that has been thought and said in the world”. This idealized realm of lofty human values was to be the province of the study of the humanities in general and of literature in particular. Arnold’s legacy was fundamental for the setting up, in 1917, under the aegis of F.R. Leavis, of the most influential discipline in the humanities in Britain, Cambridge English. The object of study was the canon of English literature, a selective tradition promulgated by Leavis himself. The method of study, pioneered again by Leavis and by I. A. Richards, close reading, clearly embodied the disjunction of culture and society which is the hallmark of the discourse: one should read the words on the page, isolat- ed from the social and historical contexts that shape their meaning and in which the works acquire significance. The purpose of the discipline was to form minorities that would keep up the tradition. In Leavis’s own words this is fundamental because: “Upon 1 F.R. Leavis. this minority depends our power of profiting by the finest human experience of the “Mass Civilization and Minority past; they keep alive the subtlest and most perishable parts of the tradition. Upon them Culture”[1930]. depend the implicit standards that order the finer living of an age, the sense that this Reprinted in is worth more than that, this rather than that is the direction in which to go, that the For Continuity. center is here rather than there.”¹ Cambridge, Minority Press, It is revealing that the definition is made in such vague terms; if you did not 1933, p.40. understand what the unstated direction was, or where exactly the center was, it is your problem. You clearly do not belong to this minority. From Cambridge, this idealized no- tion of English was exported to many other countries in the West and became, as Terry Eagleton puts it “the natural way of studying literature”². Implicit in this constructed 2 Terry Eagleton. naturalness is one of the recurrent themes of the permanent crisis in the humanities: Literary Theory Basil Blackwell, how can an intellectual pursuit be socially relevant if it posits itself above social conflict England, 1983, and validation? How can it combine a noble defense of human value with the belief that p.24. only a minority can grasp it? 3 revista YAWP It took the discipline a long time to of communication. He saw those as pos- arrive at the point in which it could begin to sible facilitators for an opening up of the give productive answers to those questions possibilities for inverting the customary and a students’s journal could confidently flow of cultural goods, from a handful of state that politics is everywhere. The 1960s producers to a mass of consumers. He saw a truly epidemic phase of conceptions laid out the practical possibilities that of culture and of literary criticism. In a new technologies such as cable, and video world in change, even university profes- cameras could offer to emergent produc- sors, those slow turtles, as a great critic puts ers of culture. But he was also fully aware it, had to revise their ways and methods. that in order to achieve this extension, we The way was open for people of my genera- would have to choose “a different kind of 3 Raymond tion to link our political commitments and economy and a different kind of society.”3 Williams. Towards our intellectual and pedagogic work. We, students and professors of the 2000. (London, And again I am glad that one of 2010s, cannot say we have advanced much 1983), p.151. the key contributions to this process of in this respect. Even though we have de- change was made by Raymond Williams, constructed the opposition between high whose thought and principles have been and low culture, we are as far as ever from very important in my personal process of any notion of a common culture. On the joining political and intellectual issues. contrary, we have learned to fear it as if it Born to a working class family, this could only mean a totalitarian homogeni- “Welsh European” (as he liked to define zation of all difference and plurality. himself) thinker set out to reclaim the con- But of course, and contrary to cept of culture for more democratic uses. current fears of any form of community, In his memorable formulation, culture is except the ones marked by one single fea- ordinary, it is a whole way of life. The poli- ture, like sexual orientation or ethnical tics that goes with this definition is not one origin, a common culture need not be yet of preservation or of elitist diffusion, but another version of “more of the same”. If one of extension. The method of reading by “extending human and social knowl- also changed, now we had to link culture edge and critical possibility” we succeed- and society in the very act of responding ed in engaging the active participation to a work of art, as literary form and so- of all the members of a society, then we cial formation are seen as “manifestation should expect this democratized cultural of the same impulse”. The reasons for process to produce real plurality of values studying Letters also change: the aim was and life forms. to interpret the world in order to change It is to be hoped that “Letras” stu- it. And culture would be paramount in this dents who stary their academic life stat- process of necessary change. ing that politics is everywhere will be able He was fully aware of the fact to join in the struggle to achieve this new that he was, and we still are, living at a democratic culture. time of prodigious expansion of means MARIA ELISA CEVASCO 4 Table of Contents Literature Challenging Patriarchy: Gender, Sex and Sexuality in Orlando and Maurice BY LINDBERG S. CAMPOS FILHO ........................................................................................................ XX The American Social Exclusion Through The Space Element: A Compared Analysis of In Cold Blood by Truman Capote BY BRUNO PEREIRA ................................................................................................................................. Pirate Grace – How American values, Capitalism and Brecht are developed in Lars von Trier’s Dogville BY OLÍVIA FORTES ................................................................................................................................... The Grey and the Green: Aspects of Escapism and Environment in the works of J.R.R.Tolkien BY EDUARDO B. KUMAMOTO .................................................................................................................. The Demystification of the Figure of Genius and Sexist Stereotypes of Domi- nant Society in The Movie Deconstructing Harry by Woody Allen BY AMANDA SOUZA ................................................................................................................................. The Laughable Woman BY JULIANA CUNHA MENDONÇA ............................................................................................................ Luiz Ruffato and Aluísio Azevedo: A Socio-Comparison Between Um outro mundo and O Cortiço BY LAYSI PRAXEDES NOBRE .................................................................................................................... Creative Works Simply Forgiven BY MARCELA PRADO SIQUEIRA .............................................................................................................. Compromisso BY WANDERLEY CORINO NUNES FILHO ................................................................................................ 5 revista YAWP Selected Poems BY WANDERLEY CORINO NUNES FILHO ................................................................................................ Sobre um Reino e uma Janela BY ALESSANDRO SUENAGA WAGNER...................................................................................................... Translation Between Verisimilitude and Identity: The Translation of Geographic Referenc- es in Films for Children BY THAÍS GOMES TRINDADE .................................................................................................................. Language and Education Homeschooling: