Party Coding Units V1

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INSTITUTE Party Coding Units v1 v1 - October 2020 Copyright © University of Gothenburg, V-Dem Institute All rights reserved Suggested citation Lührmann, Anna, Nils Düpont, Masaaki Higashijima, Yaman Berker Kavasoglu, Kyle L. Marquardt, Michael Bernhard, Holger Döring, Allen Hicken, Melis Laebens, Staﬀan I. Lindberg, Juraj Medzihorsky, Anja Neundorf, Ora John Reuter, Saskia Ruth–Lovell, Keith R. Weghorst, Nina Wiesehomeier, Joseph Wright, Nazifa Alizada, Paul Bederke, Lisa Gastaldi, Sandra Grahn, Garry Hindle, Nina Ilchenko, Johannes von Römer, Steven Wilson, Daniel Pemstein, and Brigitte Seim. 2020. “V–Dem Party Coding Units v1”. Varieties of Democracy (V–Dem) Project. Funders We are very grateful for our funders’ support over the years, which has made this venture possible. To learn more about our funders, please visit: https://www.v-dem.net/en/about/funders/ For questions [email protected] 1 Contents Usage Notes ................................................... 3 Africa ....................................................... 4 Northern Africa . 4 Algeria (103) . 4 Egypt (13) . 5 Libya (124) . 6 Morocco (90) . 7 Sudan (33) . 8 Tunisia (98) . 9 Western Africa . 10 Benin (52) . 10 Burkina Faso (54) . 12 Cape Verde (70) . 13 Ghana (7) . 14 Guinea (63) . 15 Guinea-Bissau (119) . 16 Ivory Coast (64) . 17 Liberia (86) . 18 Mali (28) . 19 Mauritania (65) . 20 Niger (60) . 21 Nigeria (45) . 22 Senegal (31) . 23 Sierra Leone (95) . 24 The Gambia (117) . 25 Togo (134) . 26 Middle Africa . 27 Angola (104) . 27 Cameroon (108) . 28 Central African Republic (71) . 29 Chad (109) . 30 Democratic Republic of the Congo (111) . 31 Equatorial Guinea (160) . 32 Gabon (116) . 33 Republic of the Congo (112) . 34 Sao Tome and Principe (196) . 35 Eastern Africa . 36 Burundi (69) . 36 Comoros (153) . 37 Djibouti (113) . 38 Eritrea (115) . 39 Ethiopia (38) . 40 Kenya (40) . 41 Madagascar (125) . 42 Malawi (87) . 43 Mauritius (180) . 44 Mozambique (57) . 45 Rwanda (129) . 46 Seychelles (199) . 47 Somalia (130) . 48 Somaliland (139) . 49 Tanzania (47) . 50 Uganda (50) . 51 Zambia (61) . 52 2 Zanzibar (236) . 53 Zimbabwe (62) . 54 Southern Africa . 55 Botswana (68) . 55 Eswatini (132) . 56 Lesotho (85) . 57 Namibia (127) . 58 South Africa (8) . 59 Asia ........................................................ 60 Western Asia . 60 Armenia (105) . 60 Azerbaijan (106) . 61 Bahrain (146) . 62 Cyprus (156) . 63 Georgia (118) . 64 Iraq (80) . 65 Israel (169) . 66 Jordan (83) . 67 Kuwait (171) . 68 Lebanon (44) . ..

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Copyright material – 9781137029607 © Kris Deschouwer 2009, 2012 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First edition 2009 This edition published 2012 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN: 978-1-137-03024-5 hardback ISBN: 978-1-137-02960-7 paperback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.
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Kyrgyzstan: Closer to Democracy — and Russia
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Adam Krzyżanowski
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7. Political Development and Change
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