Appendix Notes on the Development of Pancreatology: Progress in Communications and Related Professional Societies

Prior to the twentieth century, few patients were recognized as having a disease of the pancreas. Autopsies showed retrospectively that the pancreas had occa• sionally been the site of the patient's problems. Diabetes was recognized; its treatment was ineffectual and it was not known with certainty if it was a disease of the pancreas - at least not until about 1882, the year of Meting and Min• kowski's experiments with pancreatectomy. With so little knowledge, physicians, as well as the public, had little interest in the pancreas. But at the outset of the twentieth century, with general anesthesia and asepsis in the operating room, the introduction of the microscope to clinical medicine having been made, and with the recent discovery of the X-ray, new horizons were opening. There were no "societies of the pancreas" until the discovery of insulin in 1921, after which "societies of diabetes" arose - often oriented to a patient membership. As few reports on the historical developments of pancreatology have been published, the following informal observations have been based largely on communications from early leaders. The report is therefore incomplete and subject to possible errors.

A.I. ORGAMZATIONS CONCERNED WITH DIABETES

Although diabetes was frequently a complicating problem of surgical pa• tients, surgeons were infrequently interested in research in diabetes in the early part of the twentieth century. This would gradually change, particularly as the 665 666 subsequent era of transplantation evolved. Nevertheless, "diabetic societies" involving patients, physicians, and other scientist-investigators were organized in Appendix many countries of the world. These were "diabetic clubs" in the broadest sense of the term. Among the leading diabetic organizations were the following: The British Diabetic Association was founded in 1938. Its founders included R. D. Lawrence and the writer H. G. Wells, himself a diabetic. The organization was essentially made up of patients, although many doctors joined, and had as its primary goal the education and care of the diabetic. During World War II it sought to obtain an adequate, fair nutritional ration of foods for the country's diabetics. A medical and scientific section of the association was organized in 1960 with F. G. Young as chairman, and it continues to meet bi-annually. The American Diabetes Association was founded in 1942, four years after the British association. The American association is composed of physicians and others who care for diabetic patknts, but diabetic patients themselves do not constitute a significant segment of the membership. It holds major annual meetings and publishes the journaJl Diabetes. Many other national associations were developed. The European Associ• ationfor the Study of Diabetes (EASD) was founded in 1965, largely through the efforts of Albert Renold, a Swiss biochemist. Having spent years at the Joslin Clinic in Boston, Renold returned to Geneva and, together with J. F. Hoet, a Belgian pioneer in diabetes research and care, organized the European Associ• ation along the American lines. It holds annual scientific meetings and publishes the journal Diabetologia. The International Diabetes Federation, a worldwide organization, was founded in 1952. Meeting at three-year intervals, its first was held in Leiden. S~nce then meetings have taken place on each continent. The World Health Organi• zation, with its broad sphere of responsibility, has published a number of reports on diabetes, including the worldwide epidemiology of the disease. The Canadian Diabetes Association, organized and stimulated by the momentous discovery of insulin in its country, has been active in supporting research on the disease. The following letter, written by the late Bill Banting,(ll* the only son of Dr. Frederick Banting, depicts an aspect of their program. The letter was written following the lighting of a "a flame of hope" in London, Ontario, where the ideas leading to the discovery of insulin were born.

My father asked more of himself than others. Anxious to give his first year medical students a synopsis of the latest research, he thought the material for his lecture wasn't good enough. To do a better job, he took his medical journals to bed with him. Hours later, rising from a sleep, he scribbled down a brief paragraph that would lead to the discovery of insulin. That was the night of October 30, seventy-four years ago and how my father's name was first associated with diabetes research. He conceived the idea of isolating insulin in his house in London, Ontario. Today that house is the Banting Museum and Education Centre. [ visited there this spring on the eve of my father's induction to the Canadi,m Medical Hall of Fame. For the first time I

'With permiSSion of Mr. Robert Banting. saw where the concept was first sparked that took him to the dramatic 667 breakthrough at the labs of the University of Toronto. My work has taken me across five continents, but meeting the volunteers of the Canadian Diabetes Notes on the Association was a defining moment of my life. I discovered that their Development of Pancreatology dedicated energy makes the world a better place for people with diabetes. When I was born, my father was 38. He died a month before my 12th birthday. He was 49. He was raised a farm boy and the country was in his bones. He showed me how to make a whistle from a willow twig - where to look for four leaf clovers - and which unseen bird sang that song. This was valuable stuff for a young boy to get from his Dad. His biographies will tell you that he could be headstrong and stubborn and a very tough man to cross. But he was also fiercely loyal to his friends, colleagues, and war comrades. My father was also kind and gentle - especially with animals and children - who loved him. He received grateful letters from thousands of children with diabetes which he would read, late at night, with soft tears in his eyes. He knew insulin was not a cure. As World War II approached, he re-joined the army and I saw less of him. One night in early 1941 he came home and asked me to come to his study with him. Invitations to his study usually meant trouble, but this time it was different. He quietly told me he was going to Britain on war business, and that it was a secret. I was to work hard at school and help with the chores. Next morning he left for Ottawa to catch his plane. He never came back. In front of the house where my father conceived his idea for insulin - a flame bums from a cairn. It is called the flame of hope, and on the day a cure is found for diabetes, it will be extinguished. With your support harnessed to the all out efforts of dedicated researches - the lives of men, women, and children with diabetes will be made better - and eventually a cure will surely be found. If my father could be here, I know he would cheer your good work by supporting the Canadian Diabetes Association.

(signed) Bill Banting

Numerous other groups, varying in purpose and participants, but centered around the problems of diabetes, evolved.

A.2. PANCREATIC SOCIETIES

A.2.t. European Pancreatic Club

Apparently, the first pancreatic society to be organized was the European Pancreatic Club; its initial meeting being held in London, December 9-10, 1965. The leading influences in its conception and initiation were gastroenterologists: Professor Rudi Ammann of Switzerland, Professor Henri Sarles of France, Profes• sor Harry Howat of England, Dr. Helgen Woming of Denmark, Dr. Fitzgerald of Ireland, Dr. Edlund of Sweden, and Dr. Karel Herford of Czechoslovakia. It was created to foster communication between basic scientists and clini• cians; approximately 50% of its membership and leadership representing each of those two categories. A forum for young investigators was also envisaged. Beginning as an informal group, the club became more structured in recent years when annual dues were initiated. Representing a multilinguistic European so• ciety, presentations in English, French, and German were initially accepted, but 668 Table A.t. The European Pancreatic Club: Annual Meeting Sites and Dates Appendix Location Year

1. London, United Kingdom 1965 2. Marseille, France 1966 3. Prague, Czech Republic 1968 4. Gottingen, Germany 1969 5. Brussels, Belgium 1969 6. Goteborg, Sweden 1971 7. Dundee, United Kingdom 1974 8. Toulouse, France 1975 9. Oslo, Norway 1976 10. Dublin, Ireland 1977 11. Zurich, Switzerland 1978 12. Copenhagen, Denmark 1979 13. Krakow, Poland 1981 14. Essen, Germany 1982 15. Verona, Italy 1983 16. lisbon, Portugal 1984 17. Manchester, United Kingdom 1985 18. Nijmegen, The Netherlands 1986 19. Marseille, France 1987 20. Budapest, Hungary 1988 21. Glasgow, United Kingdom 1989 22. Basel, Switzerland 1990 23. Lund, Sweden 1991 24. Ulm, Germany 1992 25. Paris, France 1993 26. Bologna, Italy 1994 27. Barcelona, Spain 1995 28. Mannheim, Germany (combined with 1996 International Association of Pancreatology) 29. London, United Kingdom 1997 30. Thessaionia, Greece 1998 31. LOneburg, Germany 1999 32. Kiei, Germany 2000

Infonnation provided by Mr. C. W. Imrie, Glasgow, Dr. R. Ammann, Zurich, and Dr. I. Ihse, Lund.

in the early 1970s English became the official language. There is a rule that 60% of scientific communications should come from basic scientists. The European Pancreatic Club rapidly involved a significant surgical compo• nent, with leading surgeons holding major posts, including the presidency. The EPC, as it is often deSignated, was one of the original seven groups leading to the formation of the European Digestive Disease Week. Meeting annually, its third such one, in July 1968, was held in Prague during the long period of political liberalization, the "Prager Friihling," that preceded the Czechoslovakian invasion by the Soviet Union. The 30th meeting of the EPC was held in Thessalonia, Greece, in 1998; the 31st (1999) in Liineburg, Germany; the 32nd (2000) in Kiel, Germany (see Table A.l). Since about 1983, abstracts of selected presentations have been published in Digestion. Since its founding, participation in the EPC has been broadly based, al• 669 though predominantly with a British, German, Italian, Scandinavian, and Swiss Notes on the membership. Development of The club remains slanted toward basic science. Pancreatology

A.2.2. The Pancreas Club (American)* The (American) Pancreas Club was founded by surgeons in June 1966, apparently without knowledge that a comparable organization had been created in Europe a few months earlier. Believing the organization unique, its founders named it "The Pancreas Club." Dr. Marion Anderson (Figure A.l), then Professor of Surgery at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, issued invitations to a

• Information provided by Dr. Marion Anderson and Dr. Charles Frey.

Figure A.1. Marion C. Anderson (1926-2001). Founder of the American Pancreas Club in June 1966. At the first meeting ofthe club in the library of the Department of Surgery of Northwestem University, Evanston, Illinois, there were 10 attendees including the host - all surgeons. Dr. Anderson later served as Chairman of the Department of Surgery and President of the Medical College of Ohio, in Toledo, before accepting the Chair of Surgery at the University of South Carolina, in Charleston, the site where Dr. ]. Marion Sims had begun his medical career a 150 years earlier. (Courtesy of Dr. Anderson.) 670 group of physicians which, as he recalled, included Drs. Dan W. Elliott of Pittsburgh, Fraser N. Gurd of Montreal, John M. Howard of Philadelphia, William Appendix R. Schiller of Evanston, Illinois, and Alan G. Thompson of Montreal. Including the host, there were 10 attendees. The initial meeting was held in the small library of the Department of Surgery at Northwestern University, and that evening Dr. and Mrs. Anderson hosted the club for an informal dinner in their home. It was so informal that one of the guests later teasingly recalled that the hostess was barefooted and the guests were in and out of the kitchen. The membership was youthful- both literally and in their enthusiasm. The Pancreas Club had no officers, no dues, and no bylaws. Dr. Anderson would later become Professor and Chairman of the Department of Surgery and, subsequently, President of the Medical College of Ohio at Toledo, prior to accepting the chairmanship of the Department of Surgery at the University of South Carolina College of Medicine, in Charleston. He was to run the dub until 1972. The second meeting, June 16-17, 1967, was held at the invitation of Drs. John M. Howard and Hubert E. Appert in the then new nurses' home of Hahnemann Medical College in Philadelphia. Members signing the host's guest book included (but were not limit(~d to): Drs. M. C. Anderson (Evanston), Hubert E. Appert (philadelphia), M. Bulan. and Ronald Daniele (philadelphia), David A. Dreiling (New York), Dan Elliott (Pittsburgh) Lawrence Harlach (Richmond), Robert E. Hermann (Cleveland), John M. Howard and Kathleen Jung (philadel• phia), Francis Kleckler (Allentown, Pennsylvania), F. W. Nugent (Boston), Edwin Polish (philadelphia), M. Rittenbury (Charleston), William R. Schiller (Evanston), Alan P. Thal (Kansas City), and Alan G. Thompson (Montreal) - who along with others totaled approximately 22 participants. At that time, papers were based predominantly on work in the animal laboratory. Few of the members had accumulated a large clinical experience. Discussions overran their allotted pro• gram time which led to the scientific session running into overtime. That evening Dr. and Mrs. Howard hosted the entire membership at a late seated dinner in their home. The club remained quite infonnal, without a president or director; it was run only by a secretary and an annually appointed chairman for local arrangements at the host city. Meetings were annual, with one or two lapses in the club's infancy. The early meetings set a delightful pattern, usually being hosted in a university setting. Although it has developed a more formal structure in recent years, the club still has no constitution or bylaws. The program committee constitutes its working hierarchy, although, to pennit incorporation, three directors were recently chosen: William H. Nealon of Galveston, Michael G. Sarr of Rochester, and 1. William Traverso of Seattle. The annual dinner remains a highlight. In the late 1970s, by which time pancreatic surgery and pancreatology, in general, were rapidly increasing, interest in the club broadened. Around that time, under the initiative of Drs.. Charles Frey and William R. Schiller, the membership and program participation increased in number and gradually became international in scope. Its programs matured, although it maintained the aura of a club, founded and maintained largely by surgeons, with membership open to all who were interested. Until the year 2000 the club required no subscriptions. It publishes no journal, nor does it publish its proceedings except for a recently initiated summary of its annual meeting in the American Journal Table A.2. Meetings of the Pancreas Club (American) 671

No. of Notes on the Year Location Host attendees Development of Pancreatology 1966 Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois Marion Anderson 10 1967 Hahnemann University, Philadelphia John Howard 22 1968 University of California at San Francisco Leon Goldman 1969 Mount Sinai Hospital, New York David Dreiling 1970 University of Chicago Edward Paloyan 1971 Sheraton Hotel, Philadelphia John Howard 1972 (no information available) 1973 Mount Sinai Hospital, New York David Dreiling 1974 No meeting 1975 University of Texas at San Antonio Bradley Aust 47 1976 Doral on the Ocean, Miami, Florida Robert Zeppa 54 1977 Toronto, Ontario, Canada Roger Keith 58 1978 Jockey Club, Las Vegas Charles Frey 60 1979 Louisiana State University, New Orleans Isidore Cohn 78 1980 Salt Lake City, Utah Frank Moody 51 1981 Alumni Hall, New York University John Ranson 74 1982 University of Chicago A. R. Moosa 67 1983 Hilton Hotel, Washington, D.C. Francis Milligan 79 1984 Louisiana State University, New Orleans Francis Nance 76 1985 Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York David Dreiling 83 1986 Fort Miley Veterans Administration Hospital, Carlos Pelligrini 57 San Francisco 1987 University of Chicago Phillip Donahue 89 1988 Tulane University, New Orleans Elmo Cerise 100 1989 Hilton Hotel, Washington, D.C. Gregory Bulkley, 104 Francis Milligan, John Cameron 1990 University of Texas at San Antonio Bradley Aust 93 1991 Tulane University and Louisiana State Elmo Cerise, 87 University, New Orleans J. Patrick O'leary 1992 University of California at San Francisco Carlos Pelligrini 87 1993 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Andrew Warshaw 126 1994 Tulane University and Louisiana State Elmo Cerise, 88 University, New Orleans J. Patrick O'leary 1995 University of California at San Diego A. R. Moosa 94 1996 Laurel Heights University, San Francisco Sean Mulvihill 142 1997 U.S. Armed Forces University of Health John W. Harmon 76 Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 1998 Tulane University and Louisiana State Elmo Cerise, 91 University, New Orleans J. Patrick O'leary 1999 Peabody Hotel, Orlando, Florida Michael M. Murr, 134 James G. Norman 2000 Convention Center, San Diego A. R. Moosa

• Courtesy of Dr. Charles Frey.

of Surgery. As the club evolved, scientific exhibits became a significant part of its program. The 33rd Annual Meeting was held on May 21, 2000, in San Diego, California. (previous meetings and their hosts are listed in Table A.2.) Its membership currently numbers approximately 400, with a broad international diversity, and has its own web site: www.pancreasclub.com. 672 A.2.3. Associazione Italiana per 10 Studio del Pancreas* Appendix The Italian Association for the Study of the Pancreas was founded in 1974. At that time few people in Italy studied the pancreas; the constitution of this association represented the foundation for the subsequent development of pancreatology in Italy and, in part, for the consequent increase in the number of individuals interested in the field. The initial group was formed of clinicians who came primarily from Bologna and Verona. In particular, the representatives from Bologna were Professor G. Labo and his assistants, G. Fontana and L. Gullo, and from Verona, Professor L. Scuro and his assistants, G. Cavallini and I. Vantini. The first presidents of the association were Professors G. Labo and L. Scuro, and under their tutelage the group gradually increased in number and prestige and soon became the official organ of Italian pancreatologists. The scientific activity of the association essentially involves an annual congress in which the main research projects of the Italian pancreatologists are presented. For the most part research is of a clinical type, but in recent years basic research has greatly increased. The scientific quality is of a high level, as demonstrated by the fact that many of the studies presented are then published in the most distinguished international journals of gastroenterology. Another scientific activity of the group is the development of polycentric studies involving the members. One such study investigated the risk factors for cancer of the pancreas, and currently a study involving acute pancreatitis in Italy has been completed. There are presently about 200 members and the association has an official journal, News AISP, published three times each year.

A.2.4. Mediterranean Society of Pancreatologyt This association was founded by Professor L. Gullo in 1999. The first meeting took place in Bologna, on September 23-25, 1999, in conjunction with the XXIII Meeting of the Italian Association for the Study of the Pancreas, of which Professor L. Gullo was then president. The purpose of the Mediterranean Society of Pancreatology is to assemble the pancreatologists of the Mediterranean area every three years to discuss major advances in pancreatic research and to stimulate the studies of this particular organ, especially by young doctors. The first meeting was organized through the efforts not only of Professor Gullo but of an international scientific committee consisting of L. Buscall, G. C. Nikou, P. Pederzoli, and]. Sahel.

A.2.5. The International Association of Pancreatology*

The International Association of Pancreatology (lAP) was conceived and organized by Dr. Parviz Pour (Figur,:! A.2), Professor of Pathology at the University

• Information provided by Professor Lucio Gullo, Bologna. t Information provided by Professor Lucio Gullo, Bologna. j Information provided by Dr. Parviz Pour, Omaha. Nebraska. 673 Notes on the Development of Pancreatology

Figure A.2. Parviz M. Pour (born 1933). Professor of Pathology at the University of Nebraska, Omaha. A life-long investigator of cancer of the pancreas and its precursors, in both the human and experimental animals, Dr. Pour has made significant contributions to the pathogenesis and to the classification of pancreatic tumors. Perhaps his most lasting contribution to pancreatology was his founding, in collaboration with Professor Orlando R. Bordalo of Lisbon and Professor David A. Dreiling of New York, of the International Association of Pancreatology, its first congress being held in Cascais, Portugal, in 1984. Two years later, the journal of the international association was initiated under Dr. Pour's founding editorship. When he relinquished the editorial post, a decade later, the journal had established itself as a leading influence on the international scene. Its name was changed in 2001 to Pancreato!ogy. (Courtesy of Dr. Pour.) of Nebraska (Omaha), Dr. Orlando Bordalo, Professor of Medicine at the Univer• sity of Lisbon, and Dr. David A. Dreiling, Professor of Surgery at Mount Sinai Medical College of New York City. It was conceived as a multidisciplinary, clinically-oriented society with a basic science component. The concept, not subsequently adhered to, was that in order for its members to save travel expenses, lAP would meet in association with the World Congress of Gastroen• terology and provide mainly an educational program related to the pancreas through the modality of workshops and seminars, but would not include presentation of free proffered papers or scientific exhibits. Concepts were modified and its first congress was held in 1984 at Caiscais, Portugal, a resort town near Lisbon. Held independently of the World Congress of Gastroenterology, a compromise format had evolved, partially structured and 674 Table A.3. Meetings of the International Association of Pancreatology Appendix Year Location

1984 Cascais, Portugal 1986 San Paulo, Brazil 1988 Verona, Italy 1990 Nagasaki, Japan 1992 Athens, Greece 1994 Chicago, United States 1996 Mannheim, Germany 1998 Tokyo, Japan 2000 Chicago, United States

partially centered around proffered papers. Meetings of the association have since been held biannually (see Table A.3). Some eighteen months later, the International Journal of Pancreatology was initiated, its first issue being published in 1986. Its name was changed to Pancreatology in2001, and a membership/dues format was structured with the initiation of the journal. English is the language of both the journal and the meetings of the association. Membership in 1999 was approximately 400, broadly based through• out the leading scientific countries of the world. The association has been a leading influence in facilitating exchange of information on the pancreas across national and language barriers.

A.2.6. Japan Pancreas Society and Japan Pancreatic Cancer Registry

A.2.6.1. Japan Pancreas Society In 1998, Drs. Katsusuke Satake and Tadashi Takeuchi, both leading Japanese pancreatologists, published a "Brief History oftheJapan Pancreas Society.,,(2) The authors reported that, with the increase in pancreatic surgery in Japan during the 1960s, an ad hoc group had assembled one evening during a meeting of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology and founded the "Pancreas Research Study Group of Young Investigators."* In 1969, on the proposal of Dr. Kaneo Ishi, the Pancreatic Research Study Group was formalized, the first meeting of this new society being held in Osaka in March of 1970 with Dr. S. Hosoda of Shiga University as Organizing Chairman. This group superseded the Young Investiga• tors Organization but remained affiliated with the Japanese Society of Gastroen• terology. Initially the Study Group met twice annually, and beginning in 1971, its proceedings were published in the Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology by Dr. Sheiji Naitoh of Juntendo University .

• Officiallly named the Japanese Association for Research on Pancreatic Diseases. First elected in 1969 by the organizing committee, Dr. Shingo Aoyama served 675 as president of the Study Group from 1969 to 1973. He was succeeded by Dr. Notes on the Shoichi Yamagata, who served from 1973 to 1981. In the 1980s, with the influx Development of of "upper gastroenterologists," the membership exceeded 2000. In 1985 the Pancreatology Pancreatic Research Study Group became independent of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, establishing itself as the Japan Pancreas Society with Dr. Ichio Honjyo as its first president. The society began its journal Suizou (Pancreas), published in Japanese in 1986. This was changed in 1993 when the English language journal Pancreas became the official journal of the Japan Pancreas Society as well as of the American Pancreatic Association. By 1998, the member• ship of the society had risen to 3492. The Pancreatic Research Study Group and its successor, The Japan Pancreas Society, initiated several important studies of histologic classification of pancre• atic cancer and of the anatomical spread of pancreatic cancer to lymph nodes. These studies were consolidated in a first edition entitled "General Rules for Cancer of the Pancreas." Published in 1978 under the chairmanship of Professor Ryoichi Tsuchiya, of Nagasaki, this report was to undergo serial revisions in their effort to create a consensus on terms and definitions as a basis for cooperative and comparative studies. The report on "General Rules for Cancer of the Pancreas" provided the basis for the development of the very important Pancre• atic Cancer Registry in 1981 under its official registrar, Professor Yoichi Saitoh of Kobe University- (Figure A.3).

A.2.6.2. Japan Pancreatic Cancer Registry* The Japan Pancreatic Cancer Registry was initiated by the Pancreatic Cancer Registration Committee of the Japan Pancreas Society. At that time the president of the Japan Pancreas Society was Professor Tosio Satoh of Tohoku University and, as mentioned, the leader in managing the Registry was Professor Yoichi Saitoh of Kobe University. The Registry has currently collected data on more than 20,000 patients with carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas. In 1981, its first year of operation, 1191 patients with cancer ofthe exocrine pancreas were registered. Approximately 350 major hospitals in Japan par• ticipated. The group has usually registered over 1000 patients annually; thus, by 1995, 17,130 patients had been registered. In 1999, with the retirement of Professor Saitoh, the Registry moved to Tohoku University under the manage• ment of Professor Seiki Matsuno of Sendai. Several excellent reports, based on data from the Registry, have been published.

A.2.7. The American Pancreatic Associationt The American Pancreatic Association was founded in Chicago in 1969 under the initiative of Drs. Frank Brooks of Philadelphia, Yay Liang Go, then of Rochester, and Paul D. Webster III, of Augusta, each a practicing academic gastroenterologist with a career commitment to basic science. Its name, for the first year or two, was the Canadian-American Pancreatic Study Group. Shortly

• Information provided by Professor Ryoichi Tsuchiya, Nagasaki. tInformation provided by Dr. Paul D. Webster, III, Augusta, Georgia. 676 Appendix

~ /

Figure A.3. Yoichi Saitoh (born 1933). Saitoh, Professor of Surgery at Kobe University, in 1981 became the founding registrar of the Japan Pancreatic Cancer Registry. When Professor Saitoh retired in 1999, the registry had accumulated information on approximately 20,000 Japanese patients with cancer of the exocrine pancreas. (Courtesy of Dr. Saitoh.)

thereafter, the name was changed to the American Pancreatic Study Group and then, in 1977, to the American Pancreatic Association. The first five annual meetings (1969-1974) were held at the Drake Hotel in Chicago, then at other sites in Chicago until 1977 when the Ambassador Hotel, Chicago, became the location for the ongoing annual meetings. The 1971 half-day program of the Canadian-American Pancreatic Study Group - the first to have a printed program (Table A.4), as reproduced from an editorial by Dr. Paul D. Webster, III(3) - reflects the heavily slanted basic science influence of the organization; even though the editor had commented, "As noted in the program most of the papers were clinical in nature, with very few basic sciences presentations." (The definition of clinical seemed broad, indeed.) Dinner no doubt was late that night! In no way could a moderator hold such a young and enthusiastic group to such a time schedule. The specific role of the association was to "sponsor an annual meeting at which unpublished research can be presented and discussed." Drs. Paul Webster and Frank Brooks served as the organization's first "executive secretaries." For several years, beginning in 1976, the association was federally funded from the Table A.4. Program, Canadian-American Pancreatic Study Group 677 (1:00 p.m., November 3,1971, Drake Hotel, Chicago, Dlinois)<3). Notes on the No. Time Title Development of Pancreatology 1:00-1:10 The inhibitory effect of ethanol on pancreatic exocrine secretion M. Bayor, J. Rudick, C. S. Lieber, and H. D. Janowitz 2 1:10-1:20 Alcohol and pancreatitis - a proposed mechanism E. F. Rosato, J. L. Mullen, C. W. Butler, R. Grossman, and F. E. Rosato 3 1:20-1:30 The late course of chronic pancreatitis in alcoholics D. H. Hanscom, R. Shah, and A. Littman 4 1:30-1:40 Review of 733 cases of pancreatitis from three Seattle hospitals T. T. White, J. Murat, and A. Morgan 5 1:40-1:50 The place of pancreaticojejunostomy, resection, splanchnicectomy, and sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis, a personal experience with 80 patients with chronic pancreatitis T. T. White 6 1:50-2:00 Malabsorption is related to total enzyme output in chronic pancreatitis E. P. DiMagno, V. L. W. Go, and W. H. J. Summerski11 7 2:00-2:10 Effect of chronic pancreatic replacement therapy on metabolic imbalance in adolescent fibrocystic disease A. B. French and H. B. Cook 8 2:10-2:20 The effect of protein deprivation on pancreatic function A. P. Klotz 9 2:20-2:30 Mechanism of release of lysosomal enzymes and production of a myocardial depressant factor in the isolated perfused cat pancreas W. W. Ferguson, T. M. Glenn, A. M. Lefer, and S. L. Wangensteen 10 2:30-2:40 Application of a modified Cherry-Crandall method for determination of pancreatic lipase R. E. Connon, H. R. Hansen, H. Van Kley, and W. A. Knight, Jr. 11 2:40-2:50 Metabolic turnover studies of iodinated amylase in the baboon W. C. Duanne, R. Frerichs, and M. D. Levitt 12 2:50-3:00 Binding site for amylase in macroamylasemia H. R. Hansen, H. Van Kley, and W. A. Knight 13 3:00-3:10 Secretin-pancreozymin studies, duodenal, cytology, bile microscopy in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice F. J. Konicek 14 3:10-3:20 Electron microscopic localization of cations in islets of Langerhans and its relation to insulin secretion L. Herman and T. Sato 15 3:20-3:30 The possible significance of methyl groups in morphologic development and in DNA synthesis during differentiation of the pancreas acinar cell in organ culture P. J. Fitzgerald, I. Parsa, and W. H. Marsh 16 3:30-3:40 The possible Significance of methyl groups in the increase of activity of the secretory enzymes of the differentiating pancreas acinar cell in organ culture W. H. Marsh, I. Parsa, and P. J. Fitzgerald 17 3:40-3:50 Stimulation of adenyl cyclase in pancreas homogenates of rat by pancreozymin secretin, and NaF J. Dunnigan, C. Marois, and J. Morisset 18 3:50-4:00 Conditions necessary to increase pancreatic protein synthesis in vitro under cholinergic stimulation J. Morisset, Y. Couture, and J. Dunnigan

'With permission of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 678 Table A.4. (Continued)

AppendJx No. Time Title

19 4:00-4:10 Dose related protein output by the in vitro rabbit pancreas R. W. Welch and A. Littman 20 4:10-4:20 Secretory mechanisms of the mouse pancreas J. A. Mangos, N. R. McSherry, S. Arvanitakis, and K. Irwin 21 4:20-4:30 A technique of perfusion of the dog's hemi-pancreas with its own circulation, isolated in situ A. M. Rappaport, J. Henderson, and R. E. Haist 22 4:30-4:40 Effects of fasting and feeding on the pancreas P. D. Webster, M. Singh, P. C. Tucker, and 0. Black

23 4:40-4:50 The role of HC03 ATPase in pancreatic secretion G. Sachs, B. Simon, R. Kinne, and G. Shah 24 4:50-5:00 Effects of fasting on RNA and protein metabolism in pigeon pancreas 0. Black and P. D. Webster 25 5:00-5:10 Pancreatic stimulation by carboxylic acids in the canine intestine R. M. Preshaw 26 5:10-5:20 Is the dog or pig an appropriate model for study on pancreatic enzymes? J. Messmer, H. Van Kley, and W. A. Knight 27 5:20-5:30 The distribution of trypsins in 34 specimens of human pancreatic juice 1. Robinson and T. T. White 28 5:30-5:40 Electrolyte secretion with a primary reference to calcium and magnesium in human pancreatic s,ecretions T. T. White 29 5:40-5:50 Congenital obstruction of the pancreatic ductal system T. T. White 30 5:50-6:00 Zymogen activation in human pancreatic juice B. J. Allen, 1. A. Robinson, and T. T. White

United States President Richard Nixon's "War on Cancer," through a grant to the National Pancreatic Cancer Project administered by Dr. Isidore Cohn, Professor of Surgery at Louisiana State University College of Medicine in New Orleans. The founding members conceived the need for a physician's "textbook" on the Exocrine Pancreas. With the financial support of Raven Press and the assistance of its preSident, Dr. Alan Edelson, the book The Exocrine Pancreas was conceived and its three editions brought to fruition by a small group of gastroenterologists (Drs. Frank P. Brooks, Jerry D. Gardner, Yay L. W. Go, Eugene Di Magno, George A. Scheele, Emanuel Labenthal, and Paul D. Webster, III). The book was published by Raven Press, New York, in 1986, with 86 contributors, internationally selected, and with Dr. Yay L.W. Go as the founding editor. Membership of the association gradually became multidisciplinary, although the programs remained slanted toward medical and basic science studies of the pancreas. Two distinguished American surgeons, Drs. Thomas T. White of Seattle and David A. Dreiling of New York, were early active participants. The 1998 membership, multidisciplinary and internationally based, was approximately 375. The journal Pancreas was founded in 1986 as the official journal of the American Pancreatic Association. A.2.S. Pancreatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland* 679 The society was formed in 1976 to consolidate the strengths of pancreatic Notes on the research in the British Isles. It was conceived as a grouping of all those interested Development of Pancreatology in the pancreas and pancreatic disease, including surgeons, physicians, pathol• ogists, radiologists, and basic scientists, although some perceived its initiation to have been a clinical reaction against the "molecular science nature" of the European Pancreatic Club. The first meeting of the society was held at St. George's Hospital in London (1976) with Sir Rodney Smith as host. Invited as guests were Drs. Walter Ballinger of St. Louis, Walter Hess of Zurich, Solly Marks of Capetown, Maurice Mercardier, of Paris, and Kenneth Warren of Boston. Stimulated by Sir Rodney Smith (later Lord Smith of Marlowe) and Professor Henry T. Howat, Professor of Gastroenterology at the University of Manchester, the society rapidly thrived, and became a forum for presentation of much of the better pancreatic research from Great Britain and Ireland. The two leading figures above, both of whom died at the end of 1998, were ably supported by Dr. Martin Sarner, Mr. Michael Knight, and Mr. John Trapnell. All three contributed to the scientific vigor of the Society, and John Trapnell, in particular, was in the forefront of its investigation relating to the use of Aprotonin in the management of acute pancreatitis. The society has held an annual meeting each year since its inception. It has gradually increased in size and influence, and now has 150 members interested in pancreatic research. A recent trend has been the increased numbers of clinical trainees, young basic scientists, and clinical nurse specialists joining the ranks of the society. Each year the society awards a medal, named in honour of Lord Smith, for the best communication at its annual meeting, and also an annual travel fellowship to enable a young investigator to travel overseas to visit centers of pancreatic research. In recent years this travel award has been used to enable the development of collaborative research projects to the benefits of the recipient, the host institution, and the society. The society held its 23rd Annual Meeting at Leeds. In 2000, the society faced the new millennium under the presidency of Dr. Martin Sarner, its first Secretary. Dr. Sarner was instrumental in setting up the Amelia Waring Fellowship which has supported pancreatic research in the United Kingdom since 1980. Together with the Digestive Disease Foundation, which administers this fellowship, the society will continue to stimulate high quality research activity in any area of pancreatic investigation.

A.2.9. The International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Associationt The International Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Association is an ongoing organ• ization created by the merger of two other societies. The International Biliary Association elBA) was founded on October 15, 1978, in San Francisco. Founding

• Information provided by Mr. Colin D. Johnson, Southampton, and Professor Clem W. Imrie, Glasgow. t Information provided by Professors Ingemar Ihse of Lund and Robin Williamson of London. 680 members consisted of a group of surgeons including Ronald K. Tompkins of Los Angeles and Frank Moody of Houston. Initially planned as a small contact group Appendix of active investigators, it rapidly evolved into a large organization. At its tenth meeting in Nice, France, in 1988, its name was changed to "International Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Association" (lHBPA). Two years earlier, on June 8, 1986, Professor Stig Bengmark had founded, in Lund, Sweden, the "World Association of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery" (WAHPBS). At a meeting of the representatives of the IHBPA and WAHPBS executive committees in Paris on August 11, 1990, a decision was made to amalgamate the two associations using the title "International Hepato-Pancreato• Biliary Association" (lHPBA). This decision was ratified by the membership of IHBPA at its annual meeting in San Diego on September 1, 1992, and by the membership of the WAHPBS at its general assembly in Hong Kong on June 8, 1992. The first General assembly of the new organization took place in Boston on May 31, 1994. The IHPBA annually awards a "Frank Glenn Traveling Fellowship," founded in 1981 by Professor Walter Hess, in order to facilitate international visits for young investigators. IHPBA initiated a new journal, HPB, as its official publication in May 1999 with Mr. Robin Williamson of London and Dr. David Carr-Locke of Boston as co-editors, and published by Isis Medical Media Ltd. Both the association and its journal are multidisciplinary.* An American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, as a regional chapter of IHPBA, was organized in 1994 with Dr. J. Michael Henderson of Cleveland as president. Its first congress was held in 1997.

A.2.10. Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgeryt The Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery was founded in 1987 by a group of young surgeons who entitled their relatively informal group the "Forum of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery." Its first meeting was hosted by Dr. Y. Morioka of Tokyo University, who served as Congress President in 1989. The second meeting, in 1990, was hosted by Dr. I. Miyazaki of Kanazawa University. The third congress was held in 1991 with Dr. R. Mizumoto of Mie University as host. At that time the congress had a host as president or chairman, but the society itself had no president. In 1993, the Forum of Hepato-Biliary• Pancreatic Surgery formalized its structure and changed its name to the Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatk Surgery, with an elected office of President of the Society and an annually appointed President of the Congress. The first president of the society was Professor Fujio Hanyu of Tokyo Women's Medical College, who became president after serving as the 1993 Congress President. He served as president of the society from 1994-1999, and he was followed as president by Dr. Yoichi Saitoh, then Professor of Surgery at Kobe University and

• Infonnation provided by Professor Henry Pitt, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. t Infonnation provided by Drs. K. Satake, R. Tsuchiya, and T. Takada; additional infonnation obtained from: Drs. M. Yamamoto, O. Ohashi, and Y. Saitoh. 1998. Japan Pancreatic Cancer Registry: current status, Pancreas 16:238-242. subsequently president of Nakatsu Saoisei Kai Hospital in Osaka. The third 681 president was Dr. T. Suzuki of Yamaguchi University. Notes on the Meanwhile, Dr. K. Ozawa of Kyoto University had served as the second Development of congress president of the new society and Dr. E. Okamoto of Hyogo College of Pancreatology Medicine as the third.

A.2.ll. Asian Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery* The Asian Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery was also initiated in 1987 by Professor Tadahiro Takada (Figure A.4) of Tokyo, who has continued to serve as its president since its inception. It holds a biennial congress. The society is clinically Oriented, with equal emphasis on its three branches of upper abdominal surgery. Its congresses are, to a significant extent, structured around an invited faculty, but with proffered papers being accepted. The congresses and congress Presidents are listed in Table A.5. The official journal of the society is Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery.

A.2.l2. Club Fran~ais du Pancreast The Club Fran<;ais du Pancreas was founded in 1985 on the initiative of Professor Pierre Bernades (paris), Henri Sarles (Marseille), and Andre Ribet (Toulouse). Its purpose was to gather together annually, individuals in each specialty who had an interest in the pancreas (investigators, gastroenterologists, surgeons, pathologists, radiologists, and others). Each meeting includes at least one lecture and a round-table discussion. The majority of the 150 members are gastroenterologists and basic scientists. The first scientific committee consisted of Pierre Bernades (gastroenterol• ogist), Jose Sahel (gastroenterologist), Nicole Vaysse (investigator), and Claude Rose (investigator). One-third of the board is elected biennially. The first meeting was held in 1985 in Marseille under the presidency of Professor Henri Sarles. Thereafter, meetings have been held annually in such locations as Annecy, the island of Bandar, Toulouse, Paris (twice), Pau, Lesigny, Amiens, Magog (Quebec), Saint-Malo, and in 1999, Nice. Abstracts submitted for the recent meetings (1996-1999) have been pub• lished in Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique, the official journal of the Societe Nationale Fran<;aise de Gastroenterologie.

A.2.l3. Spanish Pancreatic Club:!: Agrupacion Nacional para el Estudio del Pancreas (ANEP) was founded in 1989 under the auspices of the Spanish Society of Digestive Diseases (Sociedad Espanola de Patologia Digestiva). Its first meeting was held in Barcelona in 1990, and meetings have continued on a biennial basis (Table A.6).

·Infonnation provided by Drs. K. Satake of Osaka and T. Takada of Tokyo. t Infonnation provided by Professor Phillipe Boutelier, Neuilly, France.

j Infonnation provided by Dr. Antonio Farre, Barcelona. 682

Appendix

Figure A.4. Takahiro Takada (born 1941). Takada graduated from Chiba Medical School in 1966 and is currently Professor of Surgery at Teikyo University in Tokyo. He has been a pioneer throughout Asia in the development of pancreatic surgery, along with biliary and hepatic surgery. Dr. Takada initiated the Asian Society of Hepato-Biliary·Pancreatic Surgery in 1987 and has continued to serve as its president since that time. In 1993, the Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery was begun with Dr. Takada and Dr. Takashi Suzuki, of Yamaguchi University, as co-editors-in-chief , a responsi• bility which was consolidated on Dr. Takada in 1997. The journal is now the official organ of both the Japanese and the Asian Associations of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery. (Courtesy of Dr. Takada.)

Like most of the pancreatic societies, the Spanish Pancreatic Club is an informal organization, apparently without bylaws or dues. Its orientation is predominantly clinical, with gastroenterologists and surgeons making up a majority of its membership, but basic scientists are also represented in the membership and on the program. The organizational structure is based on a scientific committee which serves for two years to prepare for the forthcoming meeting, including the selection of oral and poster presentations and their publication in Pancreatology and Revista Espanola de EnJermedades Digestivas. Table A.5. Congresses and Congress Presidents of the Asian Society of 683 Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Notes on the Dates Location Congress president Development of Pancreatology January 10-12, 1991 Bankok, Thailand Thamnoon Vaniyapong, M.D. December 2-4, 1993 Taipei, Taiwan Kai-Mo Chen, M.D. September 28-30, 1995 Seoul, Korea Hyuck-Sang Lee, M.D. June 19-20, 1997 Tokyo, Japan Tatsuo Yamakawa, M.D. December 2-4, 1999 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Syed Mohd Moori, M.D. 2001 Hong Kong

A.2.14. German Pancreatic Club* The Gennan Pancreatic Club was organized on May 21, 1981, under the initiative of Professors Horst F. Kern, Professor of Cell Biology and Pathology, Phillips University, Marburg; Werner Creutzfeldt, Professor of Medicine at Univer• sity of Gottingen; Harold GobelI and a group of younger investigators, including Professor Guido Adler, Professor of Gastroenterology, Phillips University, Marburg; and Peter Malfertheirner. It was organized primarily by gastroentero• logists, and since that time has met annually; the 1999 meeting having been in Leipzig under the guidance of Professors Mossner and Keirn as hosts.

A.2.15. Portuguese Pancreas Clubt The "Club Portugues do Pancreas" was founded in 1978 at a meeting at the Hospital of Santa Maria, with an initial membership of about 30. Functioning quite infonnally, its membership consisted, and still does, of gastroenterologists, surgeons, pathologists, radiologists, and other clinicians interested in the pan• creas. A token membership fee was charged. A second meeting of the club, held at the time of the annual meeting of the Portuguese Gastroenterology Society at

• Information provided by Professor Peter Malfertheimer, Otto von Gericke Universitat, Magdeburg, Germany. t Information provided by Doctor Orlando Bordalo, Honorary President of the Portuguese Pancreas Club.

Table A.6. Meetings of Agrupacion Nacional Para el Estudio del Pancreas

Year Location

1990 Barcelona 1992 Valencia 1994 Santander 1996 Madrid 1998 Alicante 2000 Salamanca 684 the Faculty of Medicine of Oporto resulted in a significant increase in member• ship. Appendix In 1989, the meetings of the club were incorporated into the meetings of the Portuguese Gastroenterology Society and the club's expenses were thereafter borne by the society. The Portuguese Pancreas Club evolved in close association with the International Association of Pancreatology, as the latter was organized in 1984, in part by Dr. Orlando Bordalo when he was president of both the international and Portuguese organizations. In addition to its meetings with the Portuguese Gastroenterology Society, the Pancreas Club has held independent meetings in Lisbon, Estoril, Coimbra, Porto, Viseu, and Vila Moura-Algarve. A meeting is planned for Funhal, Madeira Island. The club has paid tribute, by the bestowal of honorary fellowship, to David Dreiling, K. Wormsley, A. Ribet, M. Classen, Rosalyn Yalow, A. Aufses, Hans Popper, S. Banks, Stanislaw Konturek, and A. Gabrielewicz. In 2001, the secretary of the Portuguese Pancreas Club was Dr. Manuela Noronha.

A.2.16. Other Societies Pancreatic societies have apparently existed or may be currently active in Brazil and India, and perhaps in other countries, but no record has been identified.

A.3. INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSES

Large congresses require the ,existence of a basic pool of knowledge and an active community of clinicians and investigators. Such prerequisites did not exist in the field of pancreatology until the middle of the twentieth century. As a result, "pancreatic information" in the nineteenth century and before was shared through the inclusion of papers on the pancreas in the programs of broader specialty organizations, such as a national congress of surgeons or of gastroen• terologists. Occasional review articles were published and very occasionally (prior to 1950) a book on the pancreas could appear. As specialty societies related to pancreatology evolved, the publications of the proceedings of their meetings provided a sense of community, diminishing, in some respects, the need for spt:cial congresses. As indicated, one means of communication was to bring together the active investigators - clinicians, basic scientists, or both - in national or international congresses. By pooling expertise, sites of excellence in research and clinical care could be more widely identified when the proceedings were published. The sharing of information between participants resulted not only in the early transfer of knowledge but also of renewed enthusiasm to the investigators. In addition, the opportunity to personally meet other investigators and to visit clinics and laboratories, previously known only by reputation or publications, provided a rich cultural adventure - a signifkant reward in one's life. Communication then and later would be easier and more efficient. One of the first multinational conferences was organized by Dr. Antonio L. Scuro, Professor of Medicine, and Dr. Adamo Dagradi, Professor of Surgery, each 685 Notes on the Development of Pancreatology

Figure A.5. Louis Fran~ois Hollender (born 1922). In 1969, Hollender was appointed Professor of Surgery at the historic University of Strasbourg and Head of Digestive Surgery in the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hautepierre. Under his leadership, the University of Strasbourg hosted one of the early international congresses on "Acute Pancreatitis" in 1981. The multilingual Hollender has published widely in the French, German, and English languages. (Courtesy Of Professor Hollender.)

at the Verona branch of the University of Padua (policlinico di Borgo Roma). Both are now emeriti. The conference, held on September 14-15, 1979, was entitled "Topics in Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis." Held in Padenghe, a village on the shore of the Garda Lake near Verona, its 25 participants were from Italy, Germany, and Austria, and their English language proceedings were published by Springer-Verlag (Berlin, Heidelberg, New York) in 1981. In 1981, Professor Louis Fran~ois Hollender (born 1922) organized an international congress on acute pancreatitis at the University of Strasbourg, France, publishing a review of the proceedings as Controversies in Acute Pancreatitis (Springer Publisher, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1981). A life-long student of acute pancreatitis, Professor Hollender (Figure A.5) added prestige to the historic University of Strasbourg which had nurtured Naunyn, Minkowski, Mering, Kausch, and other contributors to the field of pancreatology. A graduate of the University of Strasbourg in 1950, Hollander later spent several years training in 686 the United States with some of the leading surgeons in pancreatic and related fields, including Graham and Cole, Cattell, Dragstedt, and Brunschwig. In 1969 AppencUx he was appointed Professor and Head of the Department of Digestive Surgery in the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg Hautepierre. As well as contributing to numerous journals in English, French, and German, Hollander co-authored several books on pancreatitis, including Pancreatites algues nec• rotico-bemorrhagiques (Baillere, Paris, 1963) and Chirurgie des Pankreas (Mas• son, Paris, 1977). Perhaps the first international workshop on cancer of the exocrine pancreas was held at the Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio, June 15-17, 1989. Organized by Professors Ralph R. Dobelbower, Jr., and John M. Howard, its proceedings were published in the InternationalJournal of Pancreatology, Vol. 7, 1990. The conference was held under the honorary sponsorship of former United States President Jimmy Carter, whose father and all three siblings (two sisters and a brother) succumbed to the disease between the ages of 51 and 63 years. A series of major international congresses was held near UIm, Germany, on respective topics of acute and chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, bringing together authorities from Asia, Europe, and North America. Held under the leadership of Professor Hans Giinther Beger of UIm University, the proceed• ings of each workshop were separately published. These included, Chronic Pancreatitis: Research and Clinical ManagementA) Oune 1989) and Standards in Pancreatic SurgeryP) Ouly 1991). Others included Cancer of the Pancreas: Molecular Biology, Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment" Oune 1993) and Management of Necrotizing Pancreatitis" (1997). In 1995, at the time of his retirement, Professor Fujio Hanyu of Tokyo Woman's Hospital was honored by an international congress of distinguished colleagues in celebration of the 1000th Whipple resection by Professor Hanyu and his staff. The occasion demonstrated the success of a generation-long effort in concentrating the experience of the operation in "centers of excellence" during the period in which the principles of the operation were being defined. The proceedings of the congress were published in 1997.(6) FromJune 2-6, 1996, the second world congress ofthe IHPBA was held in Bologna, Italy, its proceedings edited by A. Cavallini, M. MaZZiotti, and A. Principe and published in 1996 by Monduzzi Editore of Bologna as a two-volume set with 243 contributors. In July 1998, an international symposium on pancreatic cancer was held in Kyoto, Japan, organized by Professor Imamura of Kyoto University. There, distinguished participants, for the first time, expressed the thought - or would it prove only a wishful hope? - that "the comer had been turned with pancreatic cancer." As noted in Chapter 10, a scientific congress of exceptional value entitled "Baltic Pancreatic Meeting on Pancreatic Carcinoma from Bench to Bedside" was held in September 1998 in Rostock-Wamemiide, Germany. Its proceedings, entitled Cell and Molecular Biology of Pancreatic Carcinoma, Recent Develop• ments in Research and Experimental Therapy and edited by J. Matthias Lohr, David Colcher, Michael A. Hollingsworth and Stephan Uebl, were published as Vol. 880 by the New York Academy of Sciences, New York, 1999. In October 1999, a splendid international congress was held at Chandigarh, 687 India, at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, under the Notes on the organization of Dr. J. D. Wig of their Department of Surgery. Its proceedings, Development of edited by Dr. Wig were published in 2000 with the title Pancreas. Pancreatology It is obvious that these congresses served the purpose of communication and stimulation, especially across national and linguistic barriers. Meanwhile, as indicated earlier, principal clinical contributions to pancreatic surgery continued to be presented initially to more broadly based surgical audiences such as the various national congresses of surgery.

A.4. JOURNALS RElATED TO THE PANCREAS

Several journals oriented toward pancreatic surgery or the broad field of pancreatology first appeared in the last two decades of the twentieth century. The InternationalJournal of Pancreatology* began publication in 1986 as the official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology. It was published by Elsevier Publishing Co. with Dr. Parviz Pour as its editor. Dr. Pour remained as editor for a decade, through 1996, to be followed by Dr. Dale E. Bockman, of Macon, Georgia through 1998, when the editorship then became the shared responsibility of Dr. Manfred V. Singer, Professor of Medicine at the University of Heidelberg, and Mr. Clem W. Imrie, M.D., Professor of Surgery at the University of Glasgow. The journal has maintained a broadly based coverage of basic and clinical sciences. In the last decade of the millennium, the journal was published by Humana Press of Totowa, New Jersey, and was then changed in 2001 to S. Karger A.G. of Basel, Switzerland. Pancreatology became the official publication of the International Association of Pancreatology, the European Pancreatic Club, the Spanish Pancreas Club, Club Portugues do Pancreas, the Pancreatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Associazione Italiana per 10 Studio del Pancreas. [Author's note: As of the beginning of 2002 Humana Press Inc. has discontinued publishing the International Journal of Pancreatology and replaced it with the Internationaljournal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.] The journal Pancreas was initiated in 1986 as the official journal of the American Pancreatic Association, with Dr. Yay Liang W. Go as its Original and continuing editor. Representing an association founded primarily by academic gastroenterologists who had a special interest in pancreatology, the journal has maintained a predominent orientation toward basic and clinical research. When the journal became the official English language publication of the Japan Pancreas Society in 1993, Kaoru Abe, Katsusuke Satake, and Tadashi Takeuchi were appointed associate editors, leading to a broadening of its coverage. In April 1998, a celebratory issue, "Pancreatology in Japan," commemorated the 1OOth anniver• sary of the Japan Society of Gastroenterology. Pancreas was originally published by Raven Press of New York and later by Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins of Philadelphia and New York. It is published bimonthly .

• Infonnation provided by Dr. Parviz Pour, Omaha; additional infonnation obtained from: A. L. Warshaw. 1999. Change in editorship,] Intern. Assoc. Pancreat%gy 25:1. 688 Appendix

Figure A.6. Katsusuke Satake (born 1935). A ground-breaking pancreatic investigator and surgeon, international lecturer, and writer, Dr. Satake trained in Osaka and in Philadelphia before returning to the Osaka City Hospital and Medical School, where he had graduated in 1961. He is the editor of the Japanese language journal Suizou (pancreas) and co-editor of the American journal Pancreas, and (earlier) of the Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery. Dr. Satake has been a leading scholar of the pancreas and its diseases including contributions on tumor markers and early diagnoses of cancer. In 1998, Drs. Satake and Tadashi Takeuchi published a review ("Brief history of Japan Pancreas Society," Pancreas 16:432- 433) of the founding and evolution of the Japan Pancreas Society, whose membership had then reached 3492. (Courtesy of Dr. Satake.)

HPB Surgery is a free-standing journal; the first issue having been published in June 1986. Its first editor was Dr. Stig Bengmark, of Lund, and its second (and current) editor is Mr. Malcolm Printus, of Cardiff. It is published six times annually, and its publisher is Harwood Academic Publications of Newark, New Jersey, a division of Gordon and Breach Publishers. The journal was initially developed as a special forum for the World Association of HPB Surgeons and is oriented to include the related problems of the third world. Of interest is a special section of appraisal of significant papers published in other journals, in its section entitled "HPB International." It is designed to cover the multidisciplinary fields related to hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery. HPB is the official publication of the International Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Association, with Mr. Robin Williamson of London and Dr. David Carr-Locke of Boston as co-editors. It is published by Isis Medical Media Ltd. of Oxford, England, and is multidisciplinary in its orientation. The Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery was initiated in 1993 689 with Dr. Takashi Suzuki of Yamaguchi University and Dr. Tadahiro Takada of Notes on the Teikyo University as the initial editors-in-chief. After 1997, Dr. Takada continued Development of as editor-in-chief, initially being assisted by Drs. Tatsuo Yamakawa of Teikyo Pancreatology University, Katsusuke Satake of Osaka University and T. Tsuzuki of Keio Univer• sity as co-editors. Published by Springer-Verlag of Tokyo, it is the official journal of the Japanese Association of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and of the Asian Society of Hepato-Biliary Pancreatic Surgery. The journal, which increased in 2001 from four to six times annually, publishes reports on "clinical investigations and basic research on all aspects" in its field, although its focus is slanted toward surgery. It is published in the English language. The members of its Editorial Board are Japanese; they are assisted by an Advisory Board with an international membership. Suizou* ["Pancreas"], the official journal of the Japan Pancreas Society, first appeared in 1986. Published in the Japanese language, it has a large circulation of approximately 3000. Its first editor-in-chief was Dr.Tadashi Takeuchi, who served unti11994. He was succeeded by Testuo Hayakawa of Nagoya University (1994-1999). In 1999, Dr. Katsusuke Satake (Figure A.6), of Osaka University, became editor-in-chief. Suizou's orientation has been largely clinical, and is published by Shizenn Kagakusha Publishers of Tokyo. The journals Suizou and Pancreas developed a cooperative effort, beginning in 2000, whereby certain articles by Japanese authors, published in Pancreas, may be translated into Japanese and republished in Suizou. Other journals, equally prominent, center on diabetes and the field of transplantation. In 1642, when Johann Georg Wirsiing of Padua wished to make his discovery known "universally," he was obliged to send personal messengers, each carrying a letter with his engraving (impression), to the prominent scientists of his time. Years were to elapse before some of the professors replied. There were no journals, no societies through which he could transmit his findings and receive the advice of his peers. Currently there are at least 15 national and international organizations and six national or international journals which provide channels of scientific communication in the limited field of pancreatology - and what does the potential ofthe web sites such as .. www.pancreasclub.com .. hold for an even broader audience?

REFERENCES

1. The Discovery ofInsulin, "A letterfrom the late Mr. Bill Banting," 2001. New Tecumseth, Ontario, Canada; http://web.discoveryofinsulin.com!Banting.htm. 2. K. Satake, and T. Takeuchi, 1998. Brief history of Japan Pancreas SOCiety, Pancreas 16:432-433. 3. P. D. Webster, III, 1995. Reflections on early meetings of the American Pancreatic Association (editorial), Pancreas 11:321-323. 4. H. G. Beger, M. Buchler, H. Ditschuneit, and P. Malfertheiner (eds.), 1990. Chronic Pancreatitis.' Research and Clinical Management. London/Paris/Tokyo/Hong Kong: Springer Verlag. 5. H. G. Beger, M. Buchler, and P. Malfertheiner (eds.), 1993. Standards in Pancreatic Surgery. Berlin!Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. 6. F. Hanyu, K. Takasaki, 1997. Pancreato-Duodenectomy. Tokyo: Springer .

• Infonnation provided by Dr. Katsusuke Satake. Name Index

Abe, M., 577 Amouyal, P., 613 Abeatici, S., 612 Ancelet, Edouard, 102, 179,437 Abel, John]., 125, 610 Anderson, Dorothy H., 410 Abercrombie, __ , 166 Anderson, ].R., 403 Abernethy, John, 430, 431, 437 Anderson, Marion C, 669, 670, 671 Abrams,]., 217 Anderson, N.F., 636 Achalme, Pierre, 235 Andral, Gabriel, 179, 180, 268,437 Achillini, Alessandro, 7, 45 Androdias, M., 113 Achs, S., 141 Anfanger, H., 347 Acomi, Y, 573 Angelico (Fra), 634 Acosta, Juan Manuel, 206-207, 208, 209, 218, Angelsberg, Franz, 454, 573 285 Anger, Theophile A., 323, 324-325 Acquapendente, Girolamo Fabrizio d', 10, 11,17 Anrep, G.V., 88 Adenauer, Konrad, 650 Anschiitz, __ , 503 Adler, Guido, 683 Anthony (Saint), 10 Aeppli, ].M., 71 Aoyama, Shingo, 675 Agnew, D.H., 368 Appert, Hubert E., 196, 201, 615, 670 Agren, G., 603 Arakawa, M., 577 Ahlman, H., 44 Archibald, Edward W., 200, 204, 289 Aizawa, Yosinori, 569 Archimedes, 79 Akovbiantz, A., 559 Aretaeus, 99-100 Al-Awadhi, N.Z., 219 Aristotle, 3 Alberti, Salomon, 169, 170 Ariyama, Joe, 613, 618 Albertoni, Pietro, 44 Arkless, H.H., 139 Alexander the Great, 1 Armstrong, G.E., 402 Alexander III, Tsar of Russia, 86 Arnold, W.T., 213, 216 Alexander, M.K., 151 Arnozan, X., 111,281,325 Alexandre, ].H., 243 Arvanitakis, S., 678 Alfidi,]., 621 Asc1epius, 5 Allen, B.]., 678 AseIli, Gasparo, 4, 16, 22, 83, 84, 659 Allen, Frederick, 119, 122, 123 Auenbrugger, __ , 179 Allen, L.W., 292 Aufses, A., 684 Allison, David, 578 Auget, Antoine:Jean-Baptiste Robert, 178 Amano, H., 300 Aurelian, Emperor of Rome, 2 Amendola, F.H., 356 Aust, Bradley, 671 Ammann, R.W., 286, 667, 668 Avanzi, Carlo, 21 691 692 Avezau, c., 441 Bayliss, William Maddock, x, 89-92, 90, 93, 120, Avicenna (Abu Ali Al-Husayn ibn Abd Allah ibn 140, 290, 658, 660 Name Index Sina), toO Baylor, M., 677 Azzolino,7 Beaudet, A.L., 217 Beautyman, W., 401 Becker, S.W., 150 Babkin, B.P., 88, 92 Becker, W.F., 389 Bacchini, F., 472 Becourt, P.].G., 210, 212, 269, 281, 323, 402, 436 Bachem, c., 607 Beger, Hans Giinther, 229, 240, 243, 303, 304, Badosa, F., 326, 347 306, 307, 544, 551, 576, 686 Baggenstoss, Archie H., 218, 285 Behr, Georg Heinrich, 72 Baillie, Matthew, 264, 267, 268, 269, 271,433 Bell, Alexander Graham, 368 Baker, A.]., 386 Bell, G.O., 213, 216 Baker, A.L., Jr., 348 Bell, J., 382, 383 Baker, B.M., 306 Bellini, Lorenzo, 36 Baker, R.J, 390 Benchimol, S., 579 Bakker, W.H., 137 Benedict, __, 607 Ballinger, J., 409 Benedict, Francis G., 124 Ballinger, Walter F., 649, 679 Bengmark,Stig, 680 Balooki, H., 240 Benivieni, Antonio, 8, 165, 189, 264, 319 Balser, F., 185, 186, 188, 228 Bennett, John Hughes, 58, 444 Bank, A., 213 Bennett, 1.L., Jr., 212 Banks, S., 597, 684 Benson, __ , 549 Banting, Bill, 666 Berard, __ , 381 Banting, Bob, 666 Berblinger, W., 347 Banting, Frederick, xi, 89,111,113,114-122, Berci, G., 302, 552 124, 125, 126, 128, 520, 658-660, 666, Berengario da Carpi, Giacomo, 8 667 Berens, ].]., 297 Bantock, __, 449 Berg, B., 378 Banwo, 0., 604 Berg, N., 541 Bard, L., 438 Bergeret, A., 443, 550, 555 Bardenheur, B., 454, 573 Bergmann, Ernst von, 293, 370, 371, 445 Barett, G., 141, 143 Bergmann, Gustav von, 238 Barkin, ].S., 385 Bernard, Claude, 59,77-86,78,82,88,89,105, Barnard, Christian N., 636 185, 186, 199, 202, 282, 658-660 Barns, James, 266, 436 Bernades, Pierre, 681 Baronofsky, l.D., 392 Bernatz, P.E., 470 Barreswil, Louis-Charles, 85 Berne, c.]., 201, 390 Barron, Moses, 113, 116 Berry, A.R., 218 Barschak, RM., 641 Berson, Solomon, 125, 596, 597 Barth, E., 288, 294 Berte!smann, H., 233 Bartholin, Erasmus (father), 221 Berzelius, Jorns Jacob, 73, 76 Bartholin, Erasmus (son), 221 Bessel-Hagen, F.K., 344 Bartholin, Thomas, 17, 19,20,28,31,46,48, Best, Charles Herbert, xi, 102, 111, 114-122, 170,171,214,221,222,223,225,226,227, 124, 125, 126, 128, 520, 658, 659, 660 264 Bianchi, G.B., 41 Bartholomew, c., 220 Bicart, P., 408 Bartlett, M.K., 204 Bichat, Marie Francois Xavier, 58, 59, 105, 228, Barton, Clara, 192 444, 593 Barua, RL., 346 Bidloo, Govert, 30, 46 Battersby, __ , 323 Bier, __, 468 Baudach, M., 348 Bigelow, H.]., 444 Bauhin, Caspar (Kaspar) Johann, 15, 31, 175, Bigelow, R.R., 549 428 Bigsby, John Jeremiah, 166-168, 171, 172, Baum, W., 192 178-180, 185, 188, 227-230, 239, 268- Baumel, H., 560 270,436-438,456,457 Bausch, Johann Lorenz, 72 Billingham, RE., 635 Bilkoth, Theodor, 187, 188, 234, 334, 335, 339, Boyd, R., 410 693 340,342,392,450,454,456,465,466,563 Boyden, E.A., 41, 610 Biondi, Emilio, 423, 465 Boyle, John, 269 Name Index Birnbaum, D., 95 Bozeman, N., 329, 330, 331, 347, 350, 351 Bisgard, 547 Braasch, J.W., 543, 551 Bishop, H.e., 412 Bracegirdle, B., 57 Bismarck, Otto von, 102 Bracey, D.W., 387 Bismuth, H., 243, 244 Bradley, Edward, III, 244, 346 Bjerkeset, T., 543 Bramann, Gustav Fritz von, 370, 371 Black, 0., 678 Branch, A., 212 Blaes, Gerhard (Blasius), 262 Braunsteiner, V.H., 213 Blaiberg, Philip, 636 Brawley, R.K., 390, 391 Blake, John B., 187 Brazeau, P., 138, 152 Blakemore, A.H., 520 Brehant, Jacques, 261, 299 Blane, Gilbert, 167 Breitung, H., 450 Blasius (See Blaes, Gerhard) Bremond, ___, 448 Blau, M., 614 Brendel, M.D., 651 Bleicher, S.J., 138 Brenton, D.P., 217 Blievemicht, S.W., 573 Brera, Vincenzo, 215 Bliss, Michael, 114, 123 Brewer, __ , 504 Bloom, S.R., 151, 153 Bricarie, __, 220 Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich, 24, 70, 72 Bridenbaugh, L.D., 573 Blumgart, L.H., 239 Briggs, Waldo, 464 Bobbs, John Stough, 446 Bright, Richard, 102, 265, 267, 269, 436 Bockman, Dale E., 687 Brinkley, J.W., 542 Bockus, H. L., 346 Broadie, T.A., 208 Bot:, Frans de Ie (See Sylvius, Franciscus) Brocq, P., 288 Boeckel, J., 319 Brooks, Frank, 675, 676, 678 Bohn,Johann, 72, 73 Brooks, J.R., 541, 551, 555, 571, 576,640 Boldyreff, W., 599 Broun, G.O., 136, 569 Bonato, G.A., 28 Browning, H., 640, 649 Bonet, Theophile (Theophilus Bonetus), 176, Brune, I.B., 575 214, 263, 264 Brunner, Johann Conrad, xi, 4,17,56,57,65,66, Bonetus, Theophilus (See Bonet, Theophile) 67-73,83, 101, 102, 108, 194, 381, Boniface VIII, Pope, 432 444, 445, 461, 658, 659, 660 Bonnin, H., 215 Brunschwig, Alexander, 137, 421, 422, 424, 443, Bordalo, Orlando R., 673, 683, 684 470, 538, 539, 545, 547, 549, 550, 552, Bordeu, Serge, 72 566, 686 Bordi, C., 154 Bryant, J.H., 277 Borel, J.F., 636 Bucher!, E.S., 306 Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso, 58 Buchler, Markus, 303, 304, 542, 597 Borgelt, B.B., 577 Budd, George, 183 BorgstrOm, B., 603 Budd, J.W., 487, 488 Borner, Charles, 25 Bulan, M., 670 Bossuet, Jacques-Benigne, 56 BuDdey, Gregory, 671 Botkin, Boris Petrovich, 86 Burchardh, F., 575 Bottin, J., 210, 640 Burci, Enrico, 507 Bouchardat, Apollinaire, 76, 85 Burger, Christian, 17 Bouffe de Saint-Blaise, __, 403 Burke, William, 168 Bourne, M.S., 214 Burnett, W., 218 Boutelier, Phillipe, 243, 681 Burton, e.e., 291 Bowden, L., 621 Bush, S.E., 577 Bowditch, H.P., 607 Busni, N., 424 Bowers, R.F., 289 Busson, __ , 441 Bowman, J., 190 Butler, e.W., 677 Boyce, F.F., 541 Buyl-Strovens, M.L., 400 Boyd, J.F., 219 Byrnes, W.W., 620 694 Cagnetto, G., 36 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 11 Caldas, e., 579 Charles, Duke of Berci, 364 Name Index Calder,]., 410 Charpy,Adrian,285,617 Caldini, Leopoldo Marcantonio, 24, 37, 72 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 4 Caldwell, D.e., 366 Chauffard, __ , 281 Caine, R.Y., 636 Chauliac, Guy de, 7 Calzavara, e., 421 Cheever, D.W., 373 Cambier, Giacomo (Jacques), 22, 23, 24 Chen, Kai-Mo, 683 Cameron, John L., 558, 561, 671 Cherry, I.S., 596 Cammidge, Percy John, 273, 274, 281, 365, 401, Cheselden, William, 32 410,599 Chew, R.W., 348, 378 Campbell, W.R., 123, 128, 130 Chiari, Hans, 183, 184, 185, 199, 228, 423 Campi, L., 612 Chichi, B., 243, 244 Campiche, M., 650 Child, e. Gardiner, 301, 413, 473, 545, 547, 548, Canal, D.F., 208 549, 550, 553, 554 Cannon,].]., 217 Chisholm, T.e., 403, 411 Cannon, Walter Bradford, 607 Choulant, Ludwig, 24, 25 Canseco, ].D., 213, 306 Christoffersen, P., 622 Cantrell, B.B., 356 Christopher, F., 421, 422 Caplan, R.H., 154 Chung, Y.S., 604 Capparelli, Luigi, 272, 292, 338 Churchill, Frederick, 444 Capranica, Stefano, 45 Churton, T., 279 Carey, L.e., 557 Chyron, M., 328, 378 Carnot, P., 281 Cibert, __ , 352 Carpenter, A.M., 644 Claessen, Heinrich, 171, 172, 178, 180,269,278, Caroll,]., 209, 218, 285, 442, 443, 611 291, 319, 322, 323, 414, 434 Carr, A.D., 134 Clagett, O.T., 300, 304, 388, 549 Carr-Locke, David, 680 Clark, __, 267 Carrell, Alexis, 544, 635 Clark, E., 284 Carrera, Vittoria, 23 Clarkson, __ , 378 Carter, Jimmy, 686 Classen, Meinhard, 208, 216, 245, 265, 613, 618, Carter, R.F., 612 619,620,684 Casper,J.L.,178 Claude, Albert, 93 Castiglioni, A., 85, 100, 105 Clement V, Pope, 432 Castro, Joseph R., 577 Clements, L.J., 346 Cathcart, e.W., 348, 378 Clough, H.D., 150 Cattell, Richard B., 295, 296, 297, 388, 538, 541, Clowes, George H.A., Jr., 120 542,544,548,554,573,612,686 Clowes, George H.A., Sr., 120 Cavallari,Illlde,472 Clutton, H.H., 350, 351 Cavallini, A., 686 Cock, F.W., 444 Cave, W.H., 377 Codivilla, Alessandro, 276, 467, 471, 472, Cavioli, Giovanni Battista, 34 473-478,486,504,507,539,543,545,546, Cawley, Thomas, 101, 265 552, 660, 661 Ceccarelli, __ ,550 Codivilla, Mario, 473 Ceccherelli, Andrea, 272 Coffey, R.e., 489, 506, 524, 538, 546 Cecil, R.L., 138 Cohen, I., 441, 487, 526 Celsus, Aulus Cornelius, 2, 3, 100 Cohn, Isidore, 671, 678 Cerda, ].]., 151 Cohnheim, Julius, 103 Cerise, Elmo, 671 Colcher, David, 686 Cesaris, __, 424 Cole, Warren H., 289, 547, 549, 608-612, 659, Chambon de Montaux, __ , 318 686 Champeau, M., 550, 553 Coleman, D., 90, 149 Chan, __ , 242 Colin, __ , 381 Chance, R.E., 154 Collins, ].E., 217 Chapman, R.W., 218 Collins, Samuel, 32, 36 Charlemagne, 6 Collip, James Bertram, 117, 118, 120-124 Charles I, King of England, 100 Colp, R., 290, 291, 441, 487, 526 Columbus, Christopher, 165 Dale, H.H., 600 695 Comfort, M.W., 217, 282, 284, 549 Dalziel, T. Kenneth, 280, 288, 289, 292, 293 Compagno, J., 354 Dam,Henrik,519,520,545 Name Index Conde, Prince de, 178 Damashek, W., 636 Conner, P.S., 192 Damian (Saint), 633, 634 Connon, R.E., 677 da Monte, Giovanni Battista (See Monte, Giovanni Console, A.G., 291 Battista da) Cook, H.B., 677 Dancygier, H., 613 Cook, K., 641 Daniele, Ronald, 670 Cooke, R.T., 213, 284 Danilevsky,Alexander,85 Cooke, Willfuun, 264 Danot, __, 352 Coons, H.G., 575 Dargau, __, 367 Cooper, __, 365 Dargent, __, 242 Cooper, G.]., 155 Dastre, A.F., 82 Cooper, W., 443 Dausset, Jean, 635 Cooperman, A.M., 573 David, V.c., 136 Cope, Oliver, 213, 284 Davidson, E.D., 425 Copping, G., 573 Davies, M., 217 Cordell, E.F., 100 Davies, R.S., 410 Cordua, E., 486, 486 Da Vinci, Leonardo, 7, 8, 9 Cormack,AllenMcLeod,614 Dawidoff, J., 436 Cornelii family, 100 Dawson, H., 214 Cornish, A.L., 214 Dawson, ].W., 213, 284 Corry, R.J., 645 Deaver, John B., 479, 599, 612 Corvisart, Jean-Nicholas des Marets, 84, 179 de Castro Barbosa, ].].,403,408,409 Corvisart, Lucien, 84 de Chauliac, Guy (See Chauliac, Guy de) Cosmas (Saint), 633, 634 De Duve, Christian, 93, 113, 150 Costa, Andrea, 472 de Goth, Bertrand (See Clement V, Pope) Cotton, P.B., 214, 406, 418 de Graaf, Reignier, xi, 14,30, 31, 32, 36, 45, 48, Couture, Y., 677 49, 50, 51-58, 65, 68, 69, 73, 102, Couvoisier, Ludwig G., 430, 437, 456, 457, 480 261-264,268,269,319,405,432,434,594, Crampton, Phillip, 180, 269, 270, 275, 322, 323, 658, 659 435 Degradi, Adamo, 127 Crandall, ].A., 596 de Haen, A. (See Haen, A. de) Crass, R.A., 346 dei liuzzi, Mondino (See Mondino dei liuzzi) Cremer, M., 300, 345 DeJode, R.L., 641 Crile, George W., 124, 557, 559, 563, 564 Delannoy, E., 550 Cruveilhier, Jean, 444 Delbridge, L.W., 213 Cubilla, A.L., 577 Delbet, __, 319 Cueto, J., 212 Delcore, R., 153 Cullen, T.S., 184, 354 Delmas, A., 403 Cullen, Willfuun, 101, 184 Del Valle, Delfior, 285 Culotta, R.J., 385 DeMagno, E.P., 613 Culpepper, Nicholas, 14 de' Medici, Lorenzo (See MediCi, Lorenzo de') Cuneo, __ , 486 de Medici, Marie (See Marie de MediCi) Cuschieri,~ed, 291, 410,573,575 de Meulenaere, 1., 210 Cushing, Harvey, 277, 342, 382 De Meyer, Jean, 118 Cuvier, Georges, 76 Demling,Ludwig, 216, 618,619,620 Czerny, Vincent, 466, 486 de Mondeville, Henri (See Mondeville, Henri de) De Molay, Jacques, 432 Dennel, __, 424 da Carpi, Giacomo Berengario (See Berengario da Dennis, c., 548, 550, 554 Carpi, Giacomo) DenniS, W.A., 348 d' Acquapendente, Girolamo Fabrizio (See de Renzi, __,637 Acquapendente, Girolamo Fabrizio d') de Rubeis, Rocco (See Rubeis, Rocco de) DaCosta, ].M., 437 de Saint-Blaise, Bouffe, (See, Saint-Blaise, de, Dagradi, Adamo, 684 Bouffe) 696 Desault, Pierre-Joseph, 59 Dubreuil, G., 113 De~es,Rene, 48, 79 Duckworth,Dyce, 378 Name Index Desjardins, Abel, 488-490, 503, 538, 546, 547, Dudley, H.A.F., 183 563 Dudrick, Stanley]., 240, 241, 608 de Takats, G. 291 Dumas, Alexander, 82 De Thou, Augustus (See Thauanus, Augustine) Duncombe, c., 345 Dettner, W., 185 Dunn, S.S., 137 Dewey, __, 547 Dunnigan, ]., 677 Dewitt, 1.M., 113 Dunning, 1.H, 352, 353 di Bondone, Giotto (See Giotto) Dunstan, __, 351 Dieckhoff, __, 280 Du Pasquier, c., 106, 326, 348, 349, 350, 352 Dieffenbach, Johann Friedrich, 83 Duplay, Simon, 328, 363, 378 Dieulafoy, G., 230 Du Plessis, D.]., 573 Dill-Russell, A.S., 300 Duponchel, __ , 228 DiMagno, Eugene, P., 677, 678 Dupuytren, Guillaume, x di Sant' Agnese, P.A., 410 Duch, M.S., 347 Dixon, __ , 338, 339 Dusch!, 1., 401 Dixon, Claude F., 424, 549, 569 Duval, C.W., 422, 443 Dixon, ].M., 218 DuVal, Merlin, Jr., 295, 296 Dobelbower, Ralph R., Jr., 576, 686 Duval, Pierre, 285, 423 Dobell,Clifford,444 Duverney, Joseph-Guichard, 56 Doberer,]., 470 Dobson, ].F. 2, 3 Dobson, Matthew, 101 Early, Jubal A. (General), 374 Dockerty, Malcolm, 569 Ebbehoj, N., 300 Dodge, ].A., 401 Eberle, Johann Nepomuk, 75, 80, 85 Doehnel, K.A., 27 Ebers, Georg M., 99 D'Offay, T.M.]., 550 Ecker, Alexander E., 402,403 Dogliotti, A.M., 612 Edelmann, G., 243 Doisey, Edward, 519, 520 Edelson, Alan, 678 Dolinski, 1.1., x, 87, 88, 89, 92 Edison, Thomas A., 370 Dominguez-Munoz, ].E., 604 Edkins, ].S., 90, 139, 140, 143, 147,660 Donahue, Phillip, 671 Edlund, __, 667 Donald, Ian, 613 Edmondson, H.A., 202, 210 Donne, Alfred, 58 Ehrhardt, __, 400 Donovan, R., 285 Ehrlich, E.W., 206, 208, 392 Donowitz, M., 346 Eichwald, E., 452 Doppman,]., 210 Einhorn, M.A., 603 Doubilet, Henry, 289, 290, 345, 383, 389, 616 Eiseman, Ben, 148,243,545 Douglas, W.W., 94 Elias, E., 153 Dourov, N., 400 Elisabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine and Doyen, E., 332 Duchess of Orleans (See Liselotte) Doyle, John, 231 Eller, ].T., 268 Dragstedt, Carl E., 147 Elliot, Daniel W., 201, 238, 670 Dragstedt, Lester R., 140, 147, 199, 543, 566, 686 Elliot, P., 520 Drake, N., 608, 609-610 Elliotson, M.D., 267 Drash, A., 138 Ellis, A.G., 409 Dreiling, David, A., 410, 670, 671, 673, 678, 684 Ellison, E. Christopher, 142, 147 Dressel, __, 342 Ellison, Edwin H., 140, 141, 142, 143-150,356, Dreyfuss, W., 239 659, 660 Drummey, C.G., 213 Elman, Robert, 200, 238, 595 Duanne, W.C., 677 Emmet, __, 330 Dubernard, J.M., 640, 644, 647 Enderlen, E., 486 DubOiS, A., 640 Engel, ]., 319, 323 DuboiS, Fran'Vois, 575 Erasistratos of Ceos, 2, 3, 4 DuBois, Paul-Antoine, 366 Erb, W.H., 549 Du Bois-Reymond, Emil, 86 Erdheim,]., 213 Estrade,]., 381 Fontoynont, Antoine-Henri, 386 697 Eto, T., 577 Fortner, ].G., 545, 556 Eudemus (Eudemos), 3, 4 Forty, F., 141, 143 Name Index Eugerue, Empress of France, 446 Foster, __ , 83, 85 Eustachio, Bartolomeo, 9, 10 Fournier, __ , 267 Eyting, __, 210, 211 Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, 322 Francis of Assisi (Saint), 10 Francke, Felix, 465, 466, 467, 563, 564 Fabbri, Giuseppe, 474-476 Frank, K., 623 Fabozzi, __ , 127 Frankel, B.]., 650 Fabricius Hildanus, 432, 434 Frantz, Virginia K., 134, 135, 138, 356, 533, 537, Fabry, Wilhelm (See Fabricius Hildanus) 658 Fahrlander, H.J., 623 Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria, King of Falconer, C.W.A., 413, 414 Hungary, 184, Fallis, Laurence S., 569 Franzen, S., 621 Fallopius, Gabriele, 15 Frederick II (the Great), King of Prussia, 180 Fam, S.O., 409 Frederick III, Emperor of Germany, King of Fanconi, Guido, 410, 412 Prussia, 102, 371 Farber, S., 412 Fredrickson, D.S., 212, 217 Fardel, Duran, 441 Freeark, R,J., 389 Farinas, P.L., 612 Freedman, S.O, 604 Farney, A.C., 308 Freeman, 548 Farnham, R.W., 219 Freise, J., 240 Farquhar, Marilyn, 93 French, A.B., 677 Farquharson, Ray, 130 Frerichs, F.T., 107 Farre, Antonio, 681 Frerichs, R., 677 Farrell, ].1., 639 Freshwater, William, 373 Fauconneau-Defri:sne, A., 267 Frey, Charles, F., 299, 302, 544, 551, 670, 671 Faust, D.B., 408 Frey, Emil Karl, 199, 239 Favaro, Antonio, 28 Friedenwald,]., 354 Favaro, Giuseppe, 28 Friedreich, Nikolaus, 183, 212, 318, 327, 353 Fehling, Hermann von, 101,601 Friedrich Wilhelm I, King of Prussia, 180 Felber, ].P, 596 Friesen, S.R., 153 Fereol, __, 441 Friess, H., 579 Ferguson, W.W., 677 Frostberg, N., 608, 609 Fernandez del Castillo, c., 558 Fry, W.]., 301 Fernel, Jean, 8, 9, 169 Fuji, T., 300 Ferrari, D., 272 Fujisawa, Norio, 3 Fiedler, L., 237 Fulde, Ewald, 487,526 Finley, C.S., 128 Fupp, A.D., 277 Finney, ].M.T. Oohn Miller Turpin), Sr., 135, 228, Furukawa, T., 613 389, 465, 563 Fiisslin, Johann Casper, 71 Finney, ].M.T., Jr., 135 Fischer, Emil, 107 Fisher, N., 566 Gabrielewicz, A., 684 Fitch, C.D., 519 Gade, E., 464 Fitz, Reginald Huber, 179, 185, 187, 188, 189, Gage, Simon, 42 212,231,233,350,351,352,601,602 Gahbauer, R., 577 Fitzgerald, __ , 667 Gaiea, 262, 263, 268 Fitzgerald, P.]., 1, 14, 101, 577,677 Gajea (See Galea) Flautner, L., 300 Galassi, N., 473 Fleischmann, G., 211, 281 Galeatius (See Galeazzi, Dominico Gusmano) Fleming, Alexander, 657 Galeazzi, Dominico Gusmano, 319, 320 Fles, Joseph Alexander, 102, 599, 600, 601 Galen (Claudius Galenus), 2,3,4,5,6,7,12-15, Fletcher, A.A., 123, 128 100, 169, 288, 661 Flexner, Simon, 186 Galileo (Galileo Galilei), 10, 16, 79 Foley, F.E., 392 Gall, F.P., 307 698 Gamba, A., 24, 27 Gooch, Benjamin, 363, 385 Gamberini, Carlo, 473 Goodman, Philip C, 607 Name Index Gambill, E.E., 217, 218 Gordan, V., 219 Ganda, O.P., 152 Gordin, R., 219 Gardner, J.P., 92, 94,151 Gordon-Taylor, Gordon, 468, 469, 545 Gardner, Jerry D., 678 Gorer, P.A., 635 Garfield, James A., 331, 368, 369 Gosset, J., 216, 469 Garce, Carl, 382, 383, 384, 389 Gossner, W., 150 Garrigues, , 351 GOthlin, J., 136 Garzius, Gilianus, 17 Gould, A.A., 267, 323 Gassendi, Pierce, 222 Gould, Alfred Pearce, 232,267, 276, 277, 279, Gatinola, Anna de, 264 285, 288, 292, 340, 354 Gayet, R., 640 Graaf, Reignier de (See De Graaf, Reignier) Gayner, ____ , 576 Grafenberg, Johann Schenk von, 169 Gazet, J.C, 576 Graham, Evarts A., 139, 532, 533, 596, 608-612, Gebhardt, C, 307, 542, 551 609, 659, 660, 686 Gendrin, Auguste Nicholas, 178, 227, 229, 269 Graham, J.M., 390 Geokas, M.C, 597 Graham, L.D., 208 George V, King of England, 120 Graham, Roscoe, 130, 131, 134 Gerber, B.C, 217 Grand, R.]., 347 Gerlach, Joseph von, 171 Gray, Richard, 387 Gersuny, Robert, 454, 455, 456, 573 Gray-Turner, G., 185 Geuricke, Otto von, 683 Greding,]., 267 Gibson, L.E., 217 Greenberger, N.J., 213 Gifford, G.H., 640 Greenfield, J., 289 Gilbert, Walter, 125, 352 Gregg, ].A., 214, 405, 406 Gildea, E.F., 127, 136, 409 Gregory, Roderic A., 148, 149 Gillesby, William]., 296, 297, 299 Greisel, ].G., 176 Giotto di Bondone, 10 Grekoff, 468 Girardi, Michele, 34, 35, 36 Griffen, W.O., Jr. 210 Giudiceandrea, Vincenzo, 273 Griffiths, E., 413, 414 Gjessing, ]., 239 Gross,].B., 217, 284 Glas, W.W., 381, 390 Gross, R.E., 403, 411 Glaser, B., 139 Grossman, R., 677 Glassman, W.S., 573 Gruneweld, K., 579 Glazer, G., 183 Gudjonsson, B., 559, 560 Glenn, Frank, 680 Guerlin, M., 467, 468 Glenn, T.M., 677 Guicciardini family, 165 Gliedman, M.L., 240, 641, 644 Guicciardini, Francesco, 165 Glinski, ____ , 408 Guigou, C, 285 Glisson, Francis, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45 Guillamie, M., 640 Gmelin, Leopold, 73, 74, 75, 76, 79, 85, 658 Guiteau, Charles, 368 Gmelin, Philipp Friedrich, 214 Guleke, Nikolai, 200, 237,382 Go, Yay Liang W., 155, 675, 677, 678, 687 Gullois, ____ , 342 GobelI, Harold, 683 Giinther, H., 607 Gobiet, M., 237 Gurd, Fraser, N., 670 Goetz, F.C, 641, 644 Gussenbauer, Carl (Karl), 318, 333, 334, 335, Goinard, P., 208 336,338,340,350,352,378,454,465,466 Gold, P., 604 Gutenberg, Johann, 7 Goldberg, B.B., 621 Guthrie, Douglas, 2, 11, 83, 99, 100, 444 Goldman, ____ , 365 Gutmann, R. A., 608 Goldman, Leon, 671 Gutniak, M., 154 Goldsmith, Middleton, 188 Goldson, A., 577 Goldstein, H., 621 Haaga, J.R., 621 Golzi, F., 450 Haberer, H. von (See von Haberer, H.) Gonet, A.M., 640 Hacker, Viktor von (See von Hacker, Viktor) Hadorn, B., 413 Hedinger, __, 408 699 Hadra, 381, 384 Hedon, M., 639 Haen, A. de, 281 Hegar, Alfred, 445 Name Index Hagenbach, Karl, 231, 317, 318, 341 Heicher, D.A., 220 Haggard, W.D., 293 Heidenhain, Rudolph, 86, 88, 196, 199 Hahn, __ , 338 Heister, Lorenz, 32, 38, 280, 430 Hahn, E., 371 Heitz, P.U., 154 Hahn, 0., 345 Heller, Johann Florian, 101, 601 Haist, R.E., 678 Helly, K.K., 401 Haller, Albrecht von, 3, 17,34,36,37,41,57,70, Helmholtz, Hermann von, 86 72, 175,264,413 Helmont, Johann Baptist, 226, 227 Halorsen, J.F., 414 Hemmeter, J.C, 601 Halsted, William S., 198, 199,202,208,228,229, Henderson, J., 678, 680 276, 343, 441, 447, 449, 471, 481-486, Hendren, W.A., 217 482, 492, 524, 526, 541 Henle, __ , 345 Hamberger, G.E., 441 Henri II, King of France, 168 Hammar, S.L., 220 Henry IV, King of France, 225 Hammerstein,]'C von (See Brunner, Johann Henschke, G., 577 Conrad) Henschke, u., 577 Hammesfahr, K., 345 Hensen, Christian, 80 Handley, W.S., 576 Herfarth, C, 239 Hannesson, P.H., 614 Herford, Karel, 667 Hannon, D.W., 386 Herman, L., 677 Hanot, __ , 281 Hermanek, P., 577 Hanscom, D.H., 677 Hermann, Robert E., 670 Hansemann, __, 273 Herod the Great, King of Judea, 433 Hansen, H.R., 677 Herophilus, 1, 2, 3,4 Hanyu, Fujio, 558, 562, 680, 686 Herr, R.R., 138 Harding, E.W., 409 Herriot, R.M., 199 Hare, William, 168 Heryng-Reichmann, __, 616 Harlach, Lawrence, 670 Hess, Walter, 24, 150, 285, 302, 346, 486, 545, Harless, J.CF., 180, 218, 281 551,552,555,559,571,679, Harmon, John W., 671 Higeshiguchi, H., 613 Harper, A.A., 93 Highmore, Nathaniel, 46, 168, 169, 222 Harris, H.F., 179, 219 Hilaris, B.S., 576 Harris, Seale T., 123, 128, 140 Hildebrand, 0., 186, 384 Harrison, G.A. , 123 Hinshaw, D.B., 390 Hartl, __ , 502 Hippocrates, 3, 4, 100 Hartley, __, 480 Hiraoka, T.E., 562, 577 Hartmann, A.F., 139 Hirsch, J., 139, 275 Hartmann, H., 348, 350, 352, 354, 486,616 Hirschel, Georg, 486,504,506,507,519,524, Hartmann, P.]., 434 526, 544, 545, 546 Harvey, S., 470, 541 Hirschowitz, G.J., 616 Harvey, William, ix, 17 Hodgkins, Thomas, 57, 323 Hasisch, F., 607 Hoet, J.F., 666 Haslam, J.B., 576 Hoffmann, F., 434 Hatch, F.T., 213 Hoffmann, Johann Moritz, 17 Hatch, Robert A., 51, 168 Hoffmann, Kaspar, 16, 21, 27 Hatfield, A.R.W., 621 Hoffmann, Moritz, 17, 18, 19,70,222,659 Haverback, B.]., 603 Hofmeister, __ , 337 Hawsali, A., 575 Hohlbaum, J.A., 345 Hayakawa, Testuo, 689 Holder, __ , 434 Hayden, __ , 448 Hollander, E., 225 Hays, S.B., 374, 377 Hollander, F., 95 Hayward, S.R., 385 Hollender, Louis F., 25, 27, 243, 319,685, 686 Heard, __ , 366 Hollingsworth, Michael A., 686 Hecker, P., 408 Holm, H.H., 621 700 Holmes, Joseph H., 613 Jaboulay, Matthieu, 635 Holmgren,]., 604 Jackson, CE., 217,284 Name Index Homma, T., 604 Jackson, W.M., Jr., 381 Honegr, K., 219 Jacobaeus, Hans Christian, 622, 623 Honjo, I., 569 Janowitz, H.D., 677 Honjyo, Ichio, 675 Jaun,]., 365 Hop, D., 574 Jeanpierre, R., 618 Horgan, E.]., 138, 406 Jedlicka, Rudoli, 344 Horn,]., 239 Jenkins, Hilger, 146, 147 Horne, Johann Oohannes) van, 24, 170 Jenner, Edward, 39 Horsley, ].S., 538, 541, 547, 552 Jensen, R.T., 94 Hosoda, S., 674 Jimenez, R.E., 354 Hosotani, R., 576 Jochimsen, P.R., 409 Hotz, G., 486, 487 Joessel, ].G., 171 Hounsfield, Godfrey, 614 Johann Wilhelm, Elector of the Palatinate, 70, 71 House, E.1., 640 Johnson, C.D., 542, 679 Houssay, B.A., 640 Johnson, P.W., 573 Hovel, ,371 Johnson, R.H., 210 Howard, John M., 24, 201, 204, 206, 208, 212, Johnston, D.H., 214 214,243,244,284,290,321,381,541,574, Johnston, G.W., 267,268,273 597,641,670,671,686 Jolly, D.A., 374 Howat, Harry, 667, 679 Jones, Augustus B., 372 Howland, G., 130, 131 Jones, G.W., 422 Huard, P., 574 Jones, R.C, 387 Hubbard, T.B., Jr., 545 Jones, W.E., 154 Hufnagel, Charles, 216, 635 Jordan, George 1., Jr., 212, 342, 347, 372, 386, Hughes, Charles Evans, 119 387,389,390,391,392,421,422,424,597 Hughes, Elizabeth, 119 Jordan, 1., 347 Huibregtse, Kornelis, 300, 575 Jordan, Paul, 356 HuJke, ].W., 328, 329 Jorpes, Johan Erik, 93 Hume, David, 216 Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, 322, 438 Humphreys, George, 640, 648, 652 Joseph, W.1., 597 Hunt, V.C, 297, 487, 488, 538, 541, 547, 554 Josephus, Flavius, 433 Hunter, John, 267, 444 Joslin, Elliot, 121 Hunter, William, 267, 268 Julius Caesar, 2 Hutson, D.G., 306 Jung, Kathleen, 670 Hyman, H.1., 291 Jurasz, Anton, 344 Hyrtl, Joseph, 214, 405, 407 Jurie, __ , 465 Justinus (Deacon), 633, 634

ibn Sina, Abu Ali Al-Husayn ibn Abd Allah (See Avicenna) Kahler, S.G., 217 Idezuki, Yasuo, 641, 649 Kajitani, T., 538 Ihse, Ingemar, 291, 573, 574,668,679 Kalk, Heinz, 622 Imamura, M., 686 Kalker, Jan Steven van, 24 Imanaga, M., 541, 551, 552 Kalvaria, I., 210 Imrie, Clem W., 210, 239, 668, 679, 687 Kamb, A., 579 Ingemansson, S.G., 136 Kaneko, T., 614 Innocent XIII, Pope, 58 Kappeler, 0., 450, 451, 452 Introzzi, A.S., 549 Karl, Elector of the Palatinate, 70, 71 Irving, J.D., 575 Karl Phillip, Prince and Elector of the Palatinate, Irwin, K., 678 70,71,72 Ishi, Kaneo, 674 Kartagener, Manes, 410 Ishikawa, 0., 576 Katsch, Gerhard, 200, 218, 238 Israel, __, 468 Katsoyannis, P.G., 125 Itoh, A., 614 Kaufmann, F., 353 Ivy, A.A., 93, 639 Kausch, Maria, 492 Kausch, Walter, xi, 197, 234, 345, 477, 486, Konicek, F.]., 677 701 489-494,492,496,498,503,504,506, Koninger,)., 210 507,519,524,526,529,543,545,546,552, KOniski, Y., 577 Name Index 612, 660, 661, 685 Konturek, Stanislaw, 684 Kausch, Wo~gang,492 Koop, C.E., 412 Kawai, Keichi, 618, 619, 620 Koprowski, H., 604 Kawarada, Y., 392 Korbs, Roger, 622 Kazal, L.A., 200 Korc, M., 579 Keen, W.W., 343 Koreff, __, 265, 266 Kehr, Hans, 345, 599, 612 Korte, Werner, 197, 198,200-202,228,229, Keirn, V., 683 232,233,235,244,281,282,286,289,319, Keith, Roger, 671 340, 341, 343, 349, 363, 371, 423, 468, Kelling, Georg, 622, 623 486, 487, 524, 526 Kellock, T.H., 277 Korting, G.W., 150 Kelly, Thomas R., 207, 208, 487, 526 Koucky, ].0.,342 Kelly, W.O., 641, 644 Kozarek, R.A., 345 Kemp, C.B., 649 Kramer, __, 338 Kempe, C.B.C., 231 Kraske, __, 487 Kennedy, P.A., 304, 306, 544 Krause, __ , 371 Kenner, G.W., 149 Kraut, Heinrich, 199, 239 Kepler, E.]., 155 Kreibel, Franz, 102 Kerckring, Theodor, 46 Krieg, L.G., 408 Kern, Horst F., 683 Krogh, August, 124 Kerr, A.A., 248 Kronlein, Ulrich, 413, 464, 477 Kerry, R.L., 381, 390 Kudrewezki, W.W., 88 Kerschner, F., 345 Kudrewetzky, __, 219 Kibler, C.E., 470 Kuhlenkampff, W., 378 Kidd, M., 140, 170 Kuhn, F., 601 Kienast, Margate, 122 Kuhnast, 351 Kilgour, James, 182, 183 KUhne, Wilhelm F. (Willy), 85, 105, 110, 196, Kinne, R., 678 278, 327, 660 Kiprieau,)., 373 Kulenkampff, Diederich, 333, 334 Kirk, E., 414 Kiimmell, H., 573 Kirtland, Howard B., 622 Kiimmerle, F., 138, 243 Kirtley, ].A., 293 Kunitz, M., 199 Kleberg, B.G., 367, 386 Kuru, __ , 538 Klebs, Theodor Albrecht Edwin, 181,215,228, Kuster, H., 317, 318, 348 326, 327, 328, 333, 347, 348 Kuttner, Herman, 368, 384, 468 Kleckler, Francis, 670 Kuwschinski, P.O., 88 Kleinschmidt, 0., 345, 467 Klempa, L., 551, 553 Kligerman, M.M., 577 Labenthal, Emanuel, 678 Klob,Jullus, 185, 186,407,409,414,424 Laborderie, Jean-Edouard, 366 Kloppel, G., 354, 577, 578 Lacher, __, 414 Klotz, __ , 133 Lacy, P.E., 649 Klotz, A.P., 677 Lading, Werner, 25 Klumpp, T.G., 413 Lagerlof, H., 603 Knight, M.)., 650 Laguesse, Edouard, 105, 107, 110, 112,593 Knight, Michael)., 239, 300, 679 Laidlaw, G.F., 139 Knight, W.A., Jr., 677, 678 Lancereaux, Etienne, 105-107,106, 110, 124, Knox, Robert, 167, 168 202,270,271,273,280,341,348,400,637, Koch, __, 228 639 Kocher, Emil Theodore, 276, 289, 348, 457, 458, Lancisi, Giovanni Maria, 9, 10, 35 459, 460, 479, 497 Landau, H, 139 Koerber, __ , 441 Landsteiner, Ernest, 216 Kole, E.A., 413 Landsteiner, Karl, 182, 410, 411, 520 Kolliker, Rudo~ A., 399, 606, 607 Lane, D.P., 579 702 Lang, FJ., 127, 138 Levy, R.I., 212, 217 Langecker, H., 612 Lewis, F.P., 399 Name Index Langenbeck,Benihard, 367,445,465 Lewis, R.M., 487 Langenbuch, Carl, 450 Liceti, __ , 29 Langerhans, Margarethe Ebart, 104 Lichtenstein, I.L., 641 Langerhans, Paul, Sr., 102 Lichterstein, L., 353 Langerhans, Paul, Jr., xi, 102-105, 103, 107, 110, Lichtman, 549 271, 282, 327, 593, 594, 658, 659, 660, 661 Lieber, C.S., 677 Langerhans, Richard, 102 Liebig, Justus von, 73 Langerhans, Robert, 102, 186, 228 Liebl, Stephan, 686 Langmade, C.F., 210 Lieutaud,Joseph, 101, 176, 180,210,212,214, Lankisch, P.G., 239 264, 266, 275, 281 Laraja, RD., 385 Liguory, c., 345 Lardy, N., 348 Lillehei, RC., 641, 645 Largiader, Felix, 641, 644 Lillemoe, K.D., 558 Larsson, L.I., 152 Lim, R.K.S., 95 Lassaigne, J.L., 58, 74 Lindau, A., 347 Lastmann, Pieter, 171 Linder, D., 604 Lataste, J., 237 Link, Goethe, 292, 293, 294, 295 Laurence, K.M., 401 Liotta, Domingo, 608 Lauwers, , 526 Liotta, L.A., 579 Lawler, Richard, H., 635 Lisanti, __ , 292 Lawrence, Robin D., 123, 666 Liselotte (Elisabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine Lazarus, P., 319, 325, 349 and Duchess of Orleans), 71 Lea, A.S., 105, 110, 278 Lister, Joseph (Lord Lister), 57, 323, 445, 459 Leavitt, Thaddeus L., 372, 374 Lister, Joseph Jackson, 57, 323, Lechner, G.W., 400, 401 Liston, Robert, 444 Leclerq, __ , 36 Little, c., 635 Le Dentu, Auguste, 321, 324, 327, 328 Littlewood, J.H., 363, 378 Ledesma, Carlos Luis, 206, 207 Littman, A., 677 Lee, Hyuck-Sang, 683 Liu, Q., 579 Leese, T., 410 Liuzzi, Mondino dei (See Mondino dei Liuzzi) Leeuwenhoek, Anthony van, 50, 54, 57, 105, Livingstone, E., 576 123, 444, 593, 594, 660 lloyd, Jordan, 340, 363, 378, 379 Lefer, A.M., 201, 677 Loewi, Otto, 600 Lefevre, __ , 547 Lofredo, M., 216 Leger, Lucien, 237,243,244,261,299,345,383, Lokich, J.J., 576 388,551,574,612,618 Long, Crawford W., 444 leGros Clark, __ , 365 Longmire, William P., 218, 297, 303, 304, 305, Leiber, M., 443 449, 541, 543, 551, 552, Leiter, __ , 549 Longnecker, D.S., 577 Leith, RF.C., 354, 365 Lorh, J. Matthias, 686 Lemaigre, G., 299 Loreta, Pietro, 471 Lemoine, Nicholas R., 579, 580 LortatJacob, J.L., 293 Lemon, H.M., 620 Louis XIII, King of France, 221 Lenin, V.I., x, xi, 86, 87 Louis XIV, King of France, 71,174,221,224,225 Lenriot, J.P., 299, 383, 388 Louis XV, King of France, 176 Leo XII, Pope, 44 Louis XVI, King of France, 177 Leonard, Charles L., 607 Louis-Philippe, King of France, 85 Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, 72 Louve,A., 243, 244 Lepage, M., 89 Lower, Richard, 100 Lerat, P., 403 Luchtrath, H., 356 Leriche,Rene, x, 438,657, 658,661 Luciani, Luigi, 44 Lerminier, Nilammon T., 179 Lucini, Riccardo, 473, 474 Letton, A.H., 386, 387 Lucke, A., 327, 328, 348, 465 Leuret, F., 58, 74 Ludwig, Carl Friedrich W., 86 Levitt, M.D., 677 Luiten, EJ.T., 230 Lumb, G., 401 Martel, Thierry de, x 703 Lunderquist, A., 136 Martens, __ , 235, 595 Lundh, G., 603 Martin, __, 351 Name Index Lundqvist, G., 154 Martin,]., 201 Lutton, __, 441 Martin, L., 213, 306 Lutz, H., 613 Martin, L.W., 389 Lygidakis, N.]., 551, 552 Martina, A., 187, 288 Lyon, B.B.V., 620 Martland, Richard, 434 Lyon, D.e., 348 Marxer, H., 467 Marxsen,]., 579 Mason, A.S., 138 MacCallum, William G., 112 Massa, Nicolo, 14 Machado, Marcel, 542, 551, 553 Masseron, __ , 319 MacKenzie, H.W.G., 102 Matani, __ , 268 Mackie, ].A., 300 Matsumoto, KK, 150, 154 Maclaren, lain, 167, 346 Matsuno, Seiki, 675 MacLeod,].].R., 116, 117, 118, 120-121, 122, Mattox, KL., 390 124, 520 Mayer, L., 185 Madden, ].L., 541, 551, 553 Mayo, William, 129, 130, 156,281,486 Madding, G.F., 304, 306, 544 Mayo Robson, Arthur W., 198, 208, 219, 228, Maele, V.V., 210 232,233,273,274,275,278,281,285-289, Magendie, Francois, 77, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84 292, 302, 341, 342, 347, 365, 366, 401, Magnani, ].L., 574 410,414,424,455,465,473,476,477,486, Mahoney, E.G., 538 524, 563, 599 Maingot, R., 392, 547 Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal, 221 Malassez, L.A., 82 Mazziotti, M., 686 Malcolm, John D., 349, 350, 353, 467, 477 McBurney, e.H., 276, 289, 370, 479 Malfertheimer, Peter, 683 McCaughan, ].M., 136, 296, 569 Mallet-Guy, Pierre, 291, 301, 541, 547, 548, 549, McChesney, L.P., 647 550,611 McClanahan, W.N., 130 Malpighi, Marcello, 58, 428 McCleery, R.S., 290 Maltby, E.]., 130 McClelland, R.N., 390 Malthe, __ , 464 McCune, W.S., 617 Manabe, T., 562 McDowell, Ephraim, 446 Manfredi, Heraclite, 176, 428 McFetridge, E.M., 541 Manfredius, Heraclitus (See Manfredi, Heraclite) McGavran, M.H., 150 Manget, Jean Jacques, 32, 36, 212, 281 McGuigan, ].E., 149 Mangos, ].A., 677 McKay, ].W., 220 Mann, Matthew, 370 McKenzie, Morell, 371 Manning, G.W., 116, 121 McKer, J.e., 373 Mansell,]., 577 McKinley, William, 368, 369, 370 Manske, R.F., 614 McLetchie, R.G.M., 137 Mansur, "King of Arabs," 170 McMahon, M.]., 597 Mao, e.Y., 154, 156, 356 McMaster, P.D., 610 Marcacci, Arturo, 42, 44 McMeal, D., 438, 443 Marcel, Alexandre Jean Gaspard, 73 McQuarrie, I., 139 Marcella, Florentia, 34, 35 McSherry, N.R., 677 Marchetti, Pietro de, 427 Meckel, Johann Friedrich "the Elder," 265, 266 Marcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome, 2, 4 Meckel, Johann Friedrich "the Younger," 38, Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress, 322, 364 399,404 Marie de Medici, Queen of France, 21, 225 Medawar, Peter B., 635, 636 Markle, 0., 239 Mediavia, __, 429 Marks, LN., 140, 151, 213 Medici, Lorenzo de', 165 Marks, Solly, 679 Medici, Marie de (See Marie de Medici) Marogna, P.L., 467 Meleney, Frank, 228 Marois, e., 677 Melliere, D., 413 Marsh, W.H., 677 Mercadier, Maurice, 293, 679 704 Mercklin, G.A., 262, 268 Moore, R.A., 400 Merkel, F.K., 641 Moori, Syed Mohd, 683 Name Index Mering, Joseph, Freiherr von, 67, 106, 107, 108, Moosa, A.R., 67 109,110,194,637,639,660,665,685 Moreau, Ren, 224 Meriing, F., 156 Moreland, __ , 548 Merriam, J.c., 220 Morens, D.M., 220 Merrill, J.P., 216, 635 Morgagni, Giovanni Battista (Giambattista), 11, Merrit, E.A., 576 22,24,27,34,35, 101, 166, 176, 178,263, Mersh, ,45 264,265,425,426-430,437,438,441,580 Messmer, J., 678 Morgan, A., 677 Metchnikoff, lIya I., 636 Morgan, Alfred P., 201 Mett, S.G., 88 Mori, T., 573 Metzgar, RS., 604 Morian, D., 486 Meyer, Jean de (See De Meyer, Jean) Morioka, Y., 680 Meyer-Burg, J.B., 623 Morisset, J., 677 Meyer May, J., 356,409 Morrison, Ashton B., 150 Meyshan, J., 433 Morrow, C.E., 307 Michaels, V.V., 217 Morton, William T.G., 444 Michaux, Paul, 343, 382, 384, 477, 478 Moser, A., 607 Michelangelo (Buonarrati), 7 Moskaleweski, S., 649 Michelotti, __, 36 Moss, N.H., 136, 138, 139 Michels, Nicholas A., 413 M6ssner, J., 683 Miginiac, G., 288 Mouiel, J., 208 Mikkelsen, 0., 238 Mouret, Phillip, 575 Mikulicz, Maria, 490, 492 Moxon, W., 366, 385 Mikulicz-Radecki, Johann von, 171, 233, 234, Moynihan, Berkeley G.A., 198, 201, 208, 219, 235,237,288,363,368,383,384,467,468, 229,233,237,273,274,278-281,286,288, 488, 490, 503, 616 289, 292, 293, 295, 302, 340, 342, 347, Milhet, H., 470 365,366,374,414,424,438,473,476,600, Millboum, Erik, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208 601,602 Miller, Frederick R, 116 Moyse, D., 38, 58, 59, 270, 402, 405, 406, 593 Milligan, Francis, 671 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 425 Minkowski, Oskar, 67, 106-108, 109, 194, 490, Mudgett, C.S., 408 600, 637, 639, 660, 665, 685 Mulholland, John H., 289, 290, 345, 389 Mirizzi, Pablo Luis, 611 Mullen, J.L., 677 Mirkovitch, V., 650 Milller, Johannes, 594 Miyazaki, I., 562, 680 Mullins, Clinton R ('Hap'), 522, 524, 532, 533, Mizumoto, R., 680 547, 552 Modlin, Irwin M., 44,57, 140, 170 MulVihill, Sean, 671 Mohammed,6 Miinzer, R., 349 Molay, Jacques de (See De Molay, Jacques) Muralt, A. von, 30 Moldveen-Geronimus, M., 220 Murat, J., 677 Molinelli, E.A., 640 Murlin, J.R, 150 Molnar, E., 575 Murphy, __ , 635 Monastyrski, N.D., 450, 452, 453, 454, 572 Murphy, F.D., 130 Mondeville, Henri de, 7 Murr, Michael M., 671 Mondicre,J.T., 179, 180,210,211,275,435,437, Murray, Joseph E., 635 658 Murray, K.F., 414 Mondino dei Liuzzi, 7, 8, 12 Murray, MarjOrie, 648 Monod, Charles, 455 Murray-Lyon, I.M., 138 Monprofit, Jacques Ambrose, 353, 457, 573 Musser, J.H., 441 Montagu, Mary Wortley, 39 Mutt, Viktor, 93, 150 Monte, Giovanni Battista da, 10 Myhre, J., 219 Montgomery, E., 407 Moody, Frank, 285,671,680 Moore, F.D., 201, 216, 238 Nagakawa, T., 542, 562 Moore, G.E., 545 Naitoh, Sheiji, 674 Najarian, John, 307, 644, 645, 648 Oberling, c., 467, 468 705 Nakagawara, G., 652 Ochsner, H.C, 441 Nakashima, Y., 214 Oddi, Adelaide, 45 Name Index Nance, Francis, 671 Oddi, Enrico, 45 Nanni, Pietro, 263 Oddi, Ruggero, 40, 42-45, 88, 102, 204, 450, Nannius, Petrus (See Nanni, Pietro) 659 Napoleon I (Bonaparte), Emperor of France, 28, Odevaine, J., 367 84, 179 O'Donnell, M.D., 596 Napoleon III, Emperor of France, 446 Oehler, 1., 487 Nardi, George, 207, 218, 285 Oertel, J.E., 354 Nation, T.C, 212 Oeynhausen, V., 236, 237 Naunyn,Benrurnuu, 107, 108, 109,490,684 Ogden, __, 148 Navarro, A., 486 Oh, C, 210 Neale, A.V., 413 Ohashi, 0., 680 Nealon, William H., 670 Ohhashi, K., 355 Nebel, O.T., 392 Oi, ltari, 617, 618 Necheles, H., 200, 381 Okamoto, F., 681 Neoptolemos, J.P., 245 Oldberg, E., 93 Nesbitt, A., 219 0Idenburgh,Henry,57 Ness, T.D., 218 O'leary, J. Patrick, 671 Neufer, H., 345 Olley, J.F., 212 Neumann, ~IGeorg, 179, 180 Olsen, H., 220 Neve, __, 424 Olsen, J.H., 621 Newmann, Solomon, 179 Olsson, 0., 136 Ne~on,A., 383, 388, 389 Olurin, E.O., 347 Ne~on, Isaac, 79 Ombredanne, Louis Marie Arsene, 344, 345 Nicasius, __, 24 Ongaro, 0., 19 Niccolini, D.G., 218 Opie,Eugene, 111, 198,202,203,204,206,208, Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia, 86 210, 211, 214, 229, 319, 343, 401, 405, Nicholls, A.G., 126, 127 408, 659 Niederau, C, 239 Ord, __ , 277 Niehans, Paul, 650 Organ, CH., 574 Nigrosoli, B., 471, 473 Orr, T.G., 541, 547, 548, 549, 555 Nikon,5 Orsini, Orso, 472 Nilsson, 1., 240 Orth, Oscar, 286 Nimier, H., 456, 463, 464 Osaki, H., 562 Nissen, Rudolph, 392 Osanthanondh, V., 348 Nixon, Richard, 678 Oser, Leopold, 198, 202, 273, 282, 319, 341, 343, Nobel, Alfred, 124 366,382,388,400,438 Noble, __ , 116 Osler, William, 198, 219 Nora,]., 209, 218 Osnes, M., 621 Nordmann, Otto, 238 Ostrow, __ , 545 Norman, James G., 671 OtiS, G.A., 371, 372, 373 Noronha, Manuela, 684 Ott, D.O., 622, 623 Norris, G.W., 130 OUghterson, A., 470,541 Northam, B.E., 597 Owens, D.R., 99 Northrup, J.D., 199 Owens, F.M., 304 Norton, 1., 243, 545 Owens, J.1., Jr., 212, 282 Novis, I.M.S., 210, 215 Ozawa, K., 681 Nuboer, J.F., 548, 550, 555 Nugent, F.W., 670 Nundy, S., 621 Pack, G.P., 424, 576 Nussbaum, Johann Nepomuk von, 190, 368 Pain, J.A., 300 Palade, George, 93, 94, 658, 660 Paloyan, Edward, 671 Oberg, K., 154 Paltauf, __, 351 Oberhelman, H.A., 140 Panarol (Domenico Panaroli), 262 706 Paneth, , 550 pfeffer, R.B., 210 Pantezelos, H.H., 390 Pfeiffer, Damon A.B., 532 Name Index Pappenheim, S., 75 Philip II, King of Spain, 11 Paracelsus, Philippus Aureolus, 225 Philip IV, King of France, 432 Parcelier, A., 215 Phillip Wilhelm, Elector of the Palatinate, 70 Pare, Ambroise, 168, 169 Phillips, A.W., 138 Park, Roswell, 370 Phillips, S.K., 549 Parker, ].T., 128 Phisalix, c., 399 Parker, L.A., 414 Piazetta, Giovanni Battista, 34, 35 Parsa,I.,677 Pic, A., 438, 441 Parsons, ].W., 538, 547 Pickhardt, E., 441, 443 Parsons, John, 323 Pieterz, Claes (See Nicholas Tulp) Parsons, William Barclay, 522, 524, 532, 533, Piso, (Willem?), 264 538, 547, 552 Pitchford, W. Watkins, 350, 351 Partington, Philip F., 299 Pitt, Henry, 680 Passagno, D.]., 410 Pius XII, Pope, 650 Passelt, A.M., 652 Plemp, V.P., 28, 29 Pasteur, Louis, 82, 228 Plenck, Joseph Jakob, 72 Patin, Guy, 171, 221, 223, 225,226, 227, 229, Po~,Alfonso, 471 264 Poilleux, F., 216 Patrie, H.H., 506, 541 Poirier, Paul Julien, 617 Paul of Aegina, 657 Polak, ].M., 151, 153 Paulesco, Nicholas, 106, 111, 124-125, 126 Polish, Edwin, 670 Pavanello, P.M., 542 Poll, P., 622 Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich, x, xi, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, Pollack, H.M., 621 92, 107, 120, 199, 658, 660 Polya, E., 216, 423 Paxton, ].R., 238 Poncet, ____ , 352 Payne, ].H., 238 Poole, H. Leon, 374, 375, 377 Payr, E., 187, 288 Pope, Elijah, 444 pazzj family, 165 Popielski, L.B., 88, 89 Peabody, ____ , 342 Popper, H.L., 200, 291, 381, 684 Pean, ].E., 319 Poppert, ____ , 319 Pearse, A.G.E., 153 Poppi, A., 408 Pearse, H.E., 547 Portal, Antoine, 166, 176, 177, 178, 180, 227, Pechlin, Johann Nicolaus, 56 229, 244, 319 Peiper, H.J., 319 Porter, C.A., 234, 264, 270, 281 Pelissier, G., 208 Porter, H.W., 424 Pellegrini, C.A., 218, 671 Poth, Edgar, 147, 549 Pellegrini, ].N., 389 Potter, E.L., 348 Pelouze, Jules, 84 Poulson, H.M., 285 Pemberton, Christopher Robert, 271 Pour, Parviz M., 577, 673, 687 Pequet, J., 222 Power, Thomas, 439 Percival, Edward, 230, 231, 322, 323 Praderi, R.C., 450, 486 Perissat, Jacques, 575 Pratt, ____ , 448 Perreau, Jacques, 224 Pratt, V.W., 116 Perrin, M., 455 Praxagoras, 1 Perry, E.C., 441 Preshaw, R.M., 678 Perry, T., Jr., 218 Prewitt, T.F., 277, 279, 292, 343 Peskin, G.W., 92 Priesel, A., 401, 421 Peter I, "the Great," Tsar of Russia, 33 Priest, W.M., 150 Peters, ].H., 557 Priestley, James T., 136, 137, 289, 547, 568, 569, Petersen, O.H., 94 570 Peterson, L.W., 289 Principe, A., 686 Petit, Jean Louis, 59 Prinz, R.A., 150 Petterson, T., 219 Ptolemy I Soter, 2 Peyer, Johann Conrad, 69 Ptolemy II Philadelphos, 2 Pfahler, George Edward, 607 Puestow, Charles B., 296-299, 303, 326 Purkinje, Johann von, 75, 77, SO, 85 Rhode, Johann, 32 707 Pusey, William A., 192 Ribet, Andre, 681, 684 Putti, V., 471, 473 Ricard, M., 467 Name Index Pye-Smith, 347 Richards, G.E., 576 Richardson, Maurice, 330, 341, 347, 348 Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Duc de Quenu, Edouard,319, 323, 550 (Cardinal Richelieu), 16 Quivey, J.M., 577 Richman, A., 291 Quizlibash, A.H., 409 Rick, W., 596 Rickets, H.A.T., 549, 569 Ricordi, C., 652 Rabinov, K.R., 616, 617, 618 Riedel, Bernhard Moritz Carl Ludwig, 271, 272, Rabinovitch, J., 141 282,286,339,340,350,351,441,486,573 Raffensperger, E.e., 346 Rienhoff, W.F., 306 Rahn, J.H., 178, 433 Riese, __, 236, 237 Railton, T.e., 347 Rigby, M.H., 210, 215 Raker, J.W., 204 Rigg, A.S., 579 Randelli, __, 477 Rinderknecht, H., 94 Rangdaeng, S., 356 Riolan, Jean, Jr., 16, 21, 22, 32,221, 223, 225, Ranson,JohnH.C., 168,598,671 429, 432, 434 Ranstrom, S., 424 Ripstein, __, 545 Ranvier, M., 449 Rittenbury, M., 670 Raper, H.S., 93 Riverius, L., 434 Raphael (Santi), 7 Roberts, __, 366 Rappaport, A.M., 678 Robertson, __, 279 Raskin, H.F., 620 Robertson, J.F., 210 Rasumowsky, W.J., 342 Robins, S.H., 573 Rathbone, R.R., 576 Robinson, L.A., 678 Rattner, D.W., 558 Robinson, W.L., 130 Ravdin, I.S, 237 Rochelle, Robert E.L., 299 Razi, Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar- (See Rockey, Eugene W., 547, 566, 567, 569, 570, 571 Rhazes) Rodondo, __, 191 Ray, B.S., 291 Roentgen, William Conrad (See Rontgen, William Read, R.e., 400, 401 Conrad) Reale, __ , 637 Rogers, B.H.G., 345 Recant, L., 150 Rohner, A., 559 Recklinghausen,C. von, 270, 281, 326 Rokitansky, Karl von (Carl Freiherr von Redon, __ , 550, 555 Rokitansky), 73, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, Reemtsma, Keith, 403, 533, 640 187, 188, 195, 229, 232, 333, 445 Reeve, Thomas S., 213 RoUinck, Werner, 21 Reid, D., 402 Rolleston, H.D., 185,365 Reisch, George, 8 Rontgen, William Conrad, 285, 399, 445, 605, Rembrandt (van Rijn), 171 606, 607, 617, 659, 660 ReMine, W.H., 406 Rosal, J., 445 Renan, Ernest, 82 Rosato, F.E., 677 Renaudot, Theophraste, 225 ROsch, W., 613 Renner, D.S., 413 Rose, A.S., III, 218 Renold, Albert, 666 Rose, Claude, 681 Resnick, P., 640, 649 Roseno, A., 235, 236, 239, 595 Reuter, S.R., 612 Ross, Donald E., 545, 571, 572 Rever, W.R., 410 Ross, M.E., 219 Reynes, Henry, 288, 301 ROSSi, R.L., 308, 543, 652 Reynolds, J.T., 549 Rous, P., 610 Rhazes (Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar Rousselot, Louis M., 520, 526, 612 Razi), 100, 170 Routier, M., 464 Rhoads,Jonathan E., 136, 138, 139, 147, 240, Roux, Cesar, 457, 573 242, 608, 660 Rowland, F. Mortimer, 270, 274 708 Rowntree, L.G., 610 Schadewald, H., 169 Rubeis, Rocco de, 25 Scheele, George, 93, 95, 678 Name Index Rudick, J., 677 Schelling, Friedrich von, 76 Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria and Hungary, Schenk, J.T., 25 183-184,454 Schenk von Grafenberg, Johann (See Grafenberg, Rufinus, Lucius Cuspius, 5 Johann Schenk von) Ruge, Carl, 445 Scherer, __ , 80 Ruggi, Giuseppe, 464, 467 Schiller, William R., 670 Ruphos of Ephesus, 2, 4, 100 Schinner, A.M., 4, 23, 25, 26 Russell, K. c., 200 Schlegel, Paul Marquart, 21, 222 Ruth, C.E., 292, 293 Schleiden, Matthias Jakob, 73, 594 Rutte, B. von, 346 Schmackpfeffer, E.S. 178, 180, 280 Ruysch, Frederik, 4, 30, 32, 33, 36 Schmidt, M.G., 92 Rydiger, L. von, 392, 465 Schmiedeberg, Oswald, 45 Schmieden, V., 215, 237, 288, 289, 294 Schmitt, Adolf, 599 Sabel, M.S., 150 Schnedorf, G., 541 Sabraces, J., 215 Schondube, H., 285 Saccardo, , 28 Schonleben, K., 575 Sachs, G., 678 Schonstadt, __ , 635 Sadar, E.S., 573 Schriefers, K.H., 356 Safadi, R., 218 Schultz, J., 407, 408 Safrany, Laszlo, 208, 209, 245 Schultz, N.J., 622 Sahel, Jose, 681 Schulze, W., 111,305 Sahli, Hennann, 599 Schupmann, __ , 278 Said, S.I., 151 Schutz, F., 199 Sailer, S., 141 Schwann, Theodor A.H., 73, 594, 659 Saint-Simon, Louis de ROuvroy, Duc de, 364, Schwartz, R.S., 636 Saitoh, Yoichi, 571, 675, 676, 680 Schwyzer, A., 467 Sako, y., 377 Scott, E.L., 125 Salembier, __ , 551 Scuro, Antonio L., 684 Salyer, K., 390 Sebening, W., 215, 237, 288, 289, 294 Salzer, F., 339 Sebire, J.B., 212, 281 Sandifort, Edward, 37 Seckel, H.P.G., 139 Sandras, M., 76 Seddon, J.A., 641 Sandrio, Jacob, 428, 430 Seeger, S.J., 293 Sandwich, Thomas, 435 Selle, W.A., 640 Sanger, Frederick, 125 Semb, B.K., 414,543,551,553 Santorini, Giovanni Domenico, 30, 32, 33-:~4, Sendler, K., 281, 465 35,36,37,41,47,214,615 Senn, Nicholas, 182, 183, 189, 190, 191, 192, Sarles, Henri, 209, 212, 283, 284, 285, 667 .. 681 193,194,195,196,215,229,231,275,276, Samer, Martin, 679 318, 320, 321, 323, 325, 338, 340, 342, Sarr, Michael, 137, 573, 670 366, 367, 380, 381, 388, 658 Sassi, Luigi, 472 Serafini, A., 467, 469 Sastre, B., 291 Severino, Marco Aurelio, 21 Satake, Katsusuke, 569,604,605, 674, 680, 681, Sewall, __ , 166, 436, 437 689 Shaffer, Phillip, 120 Sato, T., 677 Shah, G., 678 Satoh, Tosio, 675 Shah, R., 677 Satterthwaite, T.E., 329 Shapiro, A.M., 651 Satyrus, 5 Shapiro, D.J., 403 Sauerbruch, Ferdinard, 234 Sharkey, H., 329 Sauerbruch, Tilman, 307 Sharpey, William, 89 Savich, V.V., 92 Sharpey-Schafer, Edward Albert, 89 Savonarola, Girolamo, 165 Shattock, 349, 350 Saypol, G.M., 612 Shea, John, 180,215 Scarpa, A., 579 Sheehan, H.L., 137 Shepovalnikov, Nicholas Petrovich, 88, 199, 659 Stefani, __ , 36 709 Shennan, c., 547 Stein, I.J., 389 Shennan, S., 300 Steinberg, A.G., 217, 284 Name Index Sherwin, C.F., 300 Steiner, M.M., 219, 622 Shimi, S.M., 575 Stensen, Niels, 32, 45, 55, 56 Shinchi, H., 300 Sterling, J., 410 Shingleton, William, 604 Stem, Claudio D., 36 Shmerling, D.H., 412 Stevens, __, 549 Shwachman, H., 412 Stewart, G.N., 124 Sieber, P., 125 Stinshoff, Klaus W., 489 Sigel, B., 545 Stockum, A.E., 575 Siler, V.c., 543, 547, 549 Stolte, M., 307, 542 Silvis, S.E., 618 Stolze, E., 219 Simon, B., 678 Storck, Anton, Freiherr von, 180, 185, 320-322, Simon, H.E., 136 323, 340, 365 Simon, M., 616, 617, 618 Stork, M., 320, 365 Simons, I.H., 541 Stout, Arthur Purdy, 533, 536 Simpson, W.M., 408 Strauch, M., 623 Sims, James Marion, 446, 447, 448, 449, 669 Strem, R., 141, 142, 143 Singer, Charles, 4, 7 Strombeck, Jan Paul, 204, 205 Singer, Manfred V., 687 Strozzi family, 165 Singh, M., 678 Struthers, }.W., 213, 284 Sixtus lV, Pope, 7, 165 Suave, L., 467, 473,474,476,477,489,491, 524, Skandalakis, }.E., 12, 413 538, 564 Skinner, David, 207, 208 Suda, K, 404 Smadja, c., 243, 244 Summerskill, W.H.J., 677 Smith, C.A., 140 Susruta,99 Smith, F.B., 213, 284 Sutherland, D.E.R., 640, 644, 645, 647 Smith, G.}., 299, 544 Sutherland, E.W., 150 Smith, N.R., 441 Suzuki, Takashi, 681, 682, 689 Smith, Rodney (Lord Smith of Marlow), 557, 558, Suzuki, Y., 622 563,576,679 Swalve, Bernhard, 46, 47, 166 Smithwick, M., 291 Swammerdam, Jan, 51, 52 Smolenski, K., 599 Swanenburgh, Jacob Isaaczon, 171 Socin, August, 231, 454, 455 Sweet, }.E., 524, 541 Soehendra, N., 575 Swenson, 0., 412 Soergel, K, 155 Swieten, G. van (See Van Swieten, G.) Soleia, E., 577 Sylvius, Franciscus (de Ie Boe, Frans), 29, 32, Somers, G., 155 47-49,48,50,55,58,67,68,69,70,280 Sommering, Samuel Thomas, 55, 72 Symmers, W.S.T.C., 212 Somogyi, M., 596 Sziegoleit, A., 604 Sotti, G., 348 Szilagyi, D. Emerick, 569 Soupault, R., 550 Speck, 1., 212, 285 Spiess, Gustav Adolf, 184 Tada, M., 579 Sprafka,}., 386 Tait, Lawson, 447 Sprengel, Otto, 573 Takada,Takahiro,680,681,682,689 Sproul, E., 470 Takada, Y., 201 Squire, Peter, 444 Takagi, K, 355 Ssobolew, 1.W., 87, 111,305,637,639 Takeuchi, Tadashi, 674, 689 Stalin, Joseph, x, 87 Tang, 1.H., 140 Staren, Edgar D., 153 Temler, R.S., 596 Starling, Ernest Henry, xi, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 140, Tenani, Ottorino, 506, 507, 511, 519, 520, 526, 290, 658 541, 547, 660 Starzl, Thomas, 216, 636 Terrier, Louis-Felix, 455, 456, 464, 477, 489, 616 Staub, A., 150 Tertullian, 3 Stauch, G.O., 388 Testas, P., 244 710 Thal, A.P., 390, 670 Ullmann,Emerich,633,635 Thalhimer, W., 130 Ulrich, ].A., 217 Name Index Thannhauser, S.]., 212 Unger, R.H., 150, 635 Thauanus, Augustine (Augustus DeThou), 432, Upcott, Harold, 479, 486, 487 437 Uylenburch, Hendrick van, 171, 172 Thayer, W.S., 186, 228 Theodor, Fritz, 400 Thierfelder, __, 424 Vaillard, L., 111, 325 Thiersch, Carl, 318, 331, 332, 333 Valenti, Carlo, 473 Thiroloix, J., 106, 110, 326, 348, 350, 352, 381, Valentin,GabrieIGusmv, 76,85 637, 639 Valle, Delfior del (See del Valle, Delfior) Thomas, __, 330 Vallebona, A., 608 Thompkins, Ronald K., 680 Valsalva, Antonio Maria, 319, 426 Thompson, Alan G., 670 Van der Spuy, S., 208 Thompson, I.M., 414 Van Heerden, Jon, 406, 569 Thompson, ].G., 373 Vanhooser, R., 574 Thompson, Leonard, 118 van Home, Johannes (See Home, Johannes van) Thompson, R.]., 390 Vaniyapong, Thamnoon,683 Thompson, W.B., 613 van Kalkar, Jan Steven (See Kalkar, Jan Steven Thornton, P.S., 139,449 van) Tian, F., 574 Van Kley, H., 677, 678 Tiedemann, Friedrich, 73-76, 79, 85, 402, 405, Van Laethem, ].L., 579 658 van Leeuwenhoek, Anthony (See Leeuwenhoek, Tilger, M., 326, 347 Anthony van) Tilling, G., 450, 453 van Rijn, Rembrandt (See Rembrandt van Rijn) Toki, F., 410 Van Swieten, G., 364 Tompkins, R.K., 92 van Uylenburch, Hendrick (See Uy1enburch, Totenfeld, Ferdinand Hert von, 432 Hendrick van) Townsend, __, 368 Varco, R.L., 541, 550, 553 Tracy, Hilda]., 148, 149 Vars, H.M., 240, 608 Trapnell, John, 240, 679 Vater, Abraham, 38, 39, 41, 659 Travers, B., 364 Vaughn, G.D., 390 Traverso, L. William, 16, 24, 303, 304, 305, 354, Vautrin,]., 288, 294 541,543,551,552,670 Vaysse, Nichole, 681 Trede, Michael, 71,558,560,615 Vecchi, A., 127, 156, 409 Tremaine, M., 348 Venable, James, W., 444 Trendelenburg, Friedrich, 461, 462, 463, 464, Vennes, G.A., 618 467 Ventzke, L.E., 621 Tricomi, E., 326, 465 Verhoogen, M., 486 Trimble, ].R., 537, 541, 545, 547 Verner, John V., 151 Tripodi, A.M., 300 Vesalius, Andreas, 8, 10, 11-15,32,41,49, 168 Trommer, Carl August, 101, 601 Vesling (Veslingius), Johann (See Wesling, Trudeau, W.L., 149 Johann) Truong, L.D., 356 Viaro della Badia, Zuane, 17 Tsuchiya, Ryoichi, 3, 561, 565, 604, 621, 675, Victoria, Queen of England, 266, 269 680 Victoria, Crown Princess of Prussia, 371 Tsui, Lap-Chee, 411 Vidal, Etienne, 281, 343, 402, 403 Tsunoda, T., 577 Vidal, M., 228 Tsuzuki, T., 689 Vijayanagar, R., 573 Tucker, P.e., 678 Villar, F., 236, 285, 288, 301, 319, 333, 343, 380, 1ldtier, Theodore, 467 392, 403, 414, 441, 442, 477, 486 Tuip, Nicholas (Claes Pieterz), x, 171, 172, 173, Villiere, Jules, 381, 384 174, 175, 176, 226, 658 Vincent, __, 467 Tylen, U., 136 Vir, C.l., 427 Tytgar, G.N.]., 575 Virchow, Rudolph, 73, 102, 103, 105, 181, 183, Tyzzer, E.E., 635 187, 218, 228, 267, 275, 282, 326, 327, 328, 371, 434, 445, 593, 594, 660 Vlacovich, Giampaolo, 28 Wangensteen, Sarah D., 444,445 711 Voelcker, E., 486 Wangensteen, S.L., 677 Vogel, W.e., 597 Wapshaw, H., 403 Name Index Volckamer, Johann Georg, 21, 25, 27 Waring, Amelia, 679 VoJhard, Franz, 599 Warren, Kenneth W., 216, 295, 296, 297, 326, von Bergmann, Ernst (See Bergmann, Ernst von) 347, 348, 392, 541, 543, 569, 679 von Bergmann, Gustav (See Bergmann, Gustav Warren, Shields, 128 von) Warshaw, Andrew L., 354, 355, 558, 623, 671, von Bismarck, Otto (See Bismarck, Otto von) 687 von Bramann, Gustav Fritz (See Bramann, Gustav Warthin, A.S., 408 Fritz von) Wassiliew, W.N., 88 von Fehling, Hermann (See Fehling, Hermann Waterman, J.A., 220 von) Watson, K., 302, 543, 549 von Gerlach, Joseph (See Gerlach, Joseph von) Watson, W.e., 616, 618 von Grafenberg, Johann Schenk (See Grafenberg, Waugh, J.M., 136, 300, 388, 549, 550, 553, 555 Johann Schenk von) Waugh, T.R., 409 von Haberer, H. (See Haberer, H. von), 423 Way, L.W., 346 von Hacker, Viktor (See Hacker, Viktor von), 509 Webster, Paul D., III, 675, 676, 678 von Haller, Albrecht (See Haller, Albrecht von) Wedekind, G., 180 von Helmholtz, Hermann (See Helmholtz, Weir, Robert F., 340, 341, 479, 480 Hermann von) Weis, Maria Anna, 180 von liebig, Justus (See liebig, justus von) Weizman, Z., 217 von Mering, Joseph Freiherr (See Mering, Joseph Welch, R.W., 678 Freiherr von) Wellbourn, R., 153 von Mikulicz-Radecki, Johann (See Mikulicz• Wells, e., 300 Radecki, Johann) Wells, H.G., 666 von Muralt, A. (See Muralt, A. von) Wepfer, Johann Jakob, 17, 18, 65, 66, 70 von Nussbaum, Johann Nepomuk (See Welsch, Christian Ludwig, 30 Nussbaum, Johann Nepomuk von) Welton, T.S., 56 von Purkinje, Johann (See Purkinje, Johann von) Werle, Eugen, 199, 239 von Recklinghausen, e. (See Recklinghausen, e. Wermer, P., 156 von) Werner, J., 212 von Rokitansky, Karl (See Rokitansky, Karl von) Wertheimer, E., 89 von Rutte, B. (See Rutte, B. von) Wesling (Vesling, Veslingius),Johann, 11, 14, 15, von Rydigier, L. (See Rydigier, L. von) 16, 17,23,28,29,30,262 von Staden, H., 3 Westermark, P., 155 von Storck, A. (See Storck, Anton Freiherr von) Westphal, K., 285 von Totenfeld, Ferdinand Hert (See Totenfeld, Wettstein, Henri, 67 Ferdinand Hert van) Wharton, Thomas, 7, 32, 45, 55 von Wiesenger, D. (See Wiesenger, D. von) Whipple, Allen Oldfather, 6, 116, 123, 128, 134, von Wiesenthal, Peter Walzel (See Walzel von 135, 147, 149, 150, 302, 304, 382, 443, Wiesenthal, Peter) 444,445,449,468,487,503,519-538,521, von Winiwarter, Alexander (See Winiwarter, 540, 541, 543, 544, 545, 547, 548, 549, Alexander von) 550,552,553,554,557,559,574,605,609, 637,640,647,648,652,657,658,660,661 White, B.Y., Jr., 127, 136, 409 Wade, T.P., 560 White, H., 113,438 Waes, L.V., 210 White, T.T., 291, 677, 678 Wagner, S.M., 244 Whitlock, M., 424 Wagstaff, __ , 365 Wickhoff, Max, 454, 573 Wakabayashi, T., 291 Wiechel, Karl Ludwig, 545, 574 Wallner, B.K., 615 Wiemuth, A., 370, 371 Walsh, D.B., 541 Wiener, Alexander S., 520 Walther, A.A., 88 Wiesenger, D. von, 217 Walton, A.J., 386, 389 Wig, J.D., 687 Walzel von Wiesenthal, Peter, 238, 344 Wilber, D.L., 441 Wangensteen, Owen H., 444, 445, 569 Wilder, Russell M., 129, 130, 137, 569 712 Wiley, A.1., 576 Wright, __, 408 Wilkie, D.P.D., 210, 410 Wylie, S.M., 189, 190, 191 NameIndex Wilks, J.H., 366, 385 Wyss, Oskar, 275, 326 William, Prince of Orange, 49 Williams, Francis H., 607 Williams, P.W., 639 YMovv,RosMyn, 125,596,597,684 Williams, W.A., 217 Yamagata, Shoichi, 675 Williamson, RobUi,679 Yamakavva, Tatsuo, 683, 689 Willie, __, 600 Yamamoto, K., 614 Willis, Thomas, 100 Yamamoto, M., 680 Wilmore, D.W., 240 Yeo, c.J., 558 Wilms, Max (of Berlin), 197 Yoshioka, H., 291 Wilms, Max (of Heidelberg), 504 Young, F.G., 666 Wilson, J.P., 386, 387 Younoszai, R., 649 Wilson, P.G., 245 Wilson, P.M., 401, 402 Wilson, R.F., 385, 390 Zaide, E.C., 422 Wilson, stuart D., 149, 150, 154 ZatzkUl, H.R., 410 Wilson, Woodrovv, 119 Zenker, F.A., 333, 407, 408, 409 Wingendorf, G., 53 Zeppa, Robert, 671 Winivvarter, Alexander von, 447, 450, 572 Zieve, 1., 597 WUislovv, Jacques-Benigne, 36, 56, 57, 401 Zinninger, M.M., 141, 543, 547, 549 Wirsiing,Johann Georg, xi, 7,11,16-30,32,33, Zion, M.M., 214 36, 38, 45, 46, 49, 55, 59, 65, 104, 170, ZmilUlsky, R.W., 219 214,221,222,261,425,432,615,659,660, Zoepffel,Hans, 200, 228, 237, 238 689 Zollikofer, 1., 622 Wislocki, 1.C., 219 ZollUlger, Robert Milton, 90, 92, 140, 141, Witzel, Oscar, 461, 462 143-150,296,356,659,660 Wohlgemuth, Julius, 594, 595 Zucker, S., 579 Wolff, F.W., 26, 138 Zucker, T., 541 Wollaston, __, 271 Zuckerkandl, Emil, 343 Wong, J.H., 573 Zuidema, P.J., 285 Wood, N., 102 Zukovvski, A., 333 Woodruff, M.F.A., 636 Zillzer, Georg Ludvvig, xi, 113, 114, 115, 125, Worm, Ole, 20 660 Wormsley, K., 684 Ziinz, E., 185 Worning, Helgen, 667 Zvveifel, __, 341 Wosey,]., 573 Subject Index

ilCantitrypSin, 599 Alexandria, library, 2 ill-protease inhibitor, 200 Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Vienna (General il 2 -macroglobulin, 200, 597 Hospital), 180-182, 438 Aberdeen, 121 Alloxan, 137 Abscess, pancreatic, 169-171, 177, 183,223, Altdorf, Anatomic theatre, 19 232, 236 Altdorf (Bavaria), 16-17, 19, 27, 38, 280, 430 peripancreatic,66,183 Altona 238 Acadenne de Medicine, Paris, 107, 202, 617 Am Sankt Urban, Hospital in Berlin, 198, 282 Acadenne des Sciences, Paris 76, 177 American Civil War, 372-374, 446-447 Academie FranCaise, 82 American Diabetes Association, 666 Acadenne Royale, Paris, 319 American Joint Commission on Cancer, 577 Academy of Military Medicine, St. Peterburg, 86 American Pancreatic Association, 675-679 Academy of Natural Sciences, Imperial American Pancreatic Club, 669-671 Leopoldine, 72, 262 American Surgical Association, 147, 523-524 Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bologna, 263, 319 American University, Beirut, 538 Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, Padua, 28 Aminaciduria and acute pancreatitis, 342, 450 Academy of Sciences, Imperial, Vienna, 405 Ampulla of Vater, 38-39, 46, 202. See also Papilla Academy of Sciences, Russian, 87 adenocarcinoma, 481 Acetone, 115, 118 adenoma, 422 Acne pancreatica, 326, 328 benign tumors, 422-423 Acomatol, 114 blocked by galllstone, 289 Acromegaly, 154 cancer, 52, 519-597 ACTH-oma, 155 cancer nain (dwarf cancer), 442-443 Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, 464. See also carcinoid, 422 Pancreas, carcinoma carcinoma, 276, 425, 491-492, 494-496, Adenoepithelioma of the pancreas, 463 504-505, 519-580 Adenofibroma of the pancreas, 422, 424, 463 carcinoma, various types, 487 Adenograpbta (Wharton), 32 disconnection during gastrectomy, 397 Adenoma of the pancreas, 128, 130, 424 ectopic pancreas, in, 422 Adrenaline test, 600 fibroma, 421-423 Agrupacioo Nacional para el estudio del Pancreas hemangioma, 423 (Span.), 681 lymphagioma, 423-433 Aix-en-Provence, 176 Schwannoma, 423 Alcohol, pancreatitis from, 211-212 Ampullectomy, transduodenal, 276, 478-479, Alcoholism, and chronic pancreatitis, 282-284 481-482,487-488 Alexandria, 1, 2 first by Halsted, 481-482

713 714 Ampulloma, pancreatitis from, 209, 210 Association of Pancreatology, International Amsterdam, 28, 33, 38, 47, 65, 67,105,172-174, 672-674 Subject Index 196, 226, 262, 300, 558 Associazione Italiana per 10 Studio del Pancreas, Amylase, 235-237, 594-596,641. See also 672 Diastase Athens, 1 Amylase deficiency, 413 Atlas d'Anatomie pathologique (Lancereaux), Amylinoma,154-155 107 Anastomoses, bilio-enteric in Atlas of endocrine pancreatic tumors (pour), pancreatoduodenectomy, 519, 535-536, 577 539-541, 559 Atrophy of the pancreas, 265, 270, 281-282 gastroduodenal, gastrojejunal, 543-555 Augsburg, 16,38 mucoca-to-mucosa, 541-542, 546-551 Augsburg, League of, 71 pancreatojejunal, 295-298, 503, 524-52~', Augusta Viktoria Hospital, Berlin, 197,490,493- 538,541-542,547-551,646 494 succession in pancreatoduodenectomy, 5'14, Autodigestion, 199, 228 546-555 Autotransplantation with transanastomotic tube, 541, 546-551 of islet cells, 307-308 Anathomia Mundini (Mondino dei Iiuzzi), 7 of pancreas for chronic pancreatitis, 307-308, Anatomia Hepatis (Glisson), 40 651-652 Anatomia humani corporis (Bidloo), 30 Azothioprine, 641, 675 Anatomia reformata (Bartholin), 31, 46 Azotorrhea, 603 Anatomic theatres, 11-13, 19 Anatomie generale ... (Bichat), 58-59 Anatomie medicale (portal), 166 Bkkenhausl, Hospital in Vienna, 322 Anatomy fesson of Dr. Tulp, (painting by Bacteriology, 228-230 Rembrandt) Cover, 171 Baltimore, 135, 202-204, 228, 408, 471, 481- Anatomy of the human body (Cheselden), 32 482, 545, 558, 561, 578 Anemia in glucagonoma, 150 Bamberg, 75-76 Anesthesia, introduction, 327, 444, 595 Barbituric acid, 107 continuous spinal, 537 Bartholomew Hospital London, 430-431 Aneurysmectomy,391 Basel (Basle), 8, 23, 26, 48, 231,403, 428 Angers, 50 Basel, University, 27, 70 Angiography, 612, 624 Bauchspeicheldriise, 55 selective pancreatic, 136 Beaujon Hospital, Paris, 467 Angioma, myxomatous of the pancreas, 348 Beaumont Hospital Medical College, St. Louis, Annular pancreas, 402-404, 413. See also 464 Pancreas, annular BCNU (bis-chlorethyl-nitrosurea), 576 Annus medicus (Storck), 185, 322 Begleitpankreatitis (Concomitant pancreatitis), Anomalies of the pancreas, congenital 218 399-419 Behaviorism, 87 vascular of pancreatic vessels, 413 Beitriige zur mikroskopischen Anatomie der Antibiotics in acute pancreatitis, 230, 239 Bauchspeicheldriise (Langerhans), 103-104 Antiquity, knowledge of the pancreas in, 1-6 Bellagio, 506-507 Antrum, gastric, 140 Berkshire Medical College, 444 Apoplexy, pancreas cause of, 318 Berlin, 86, 113, 179-180, 187-188, 196-197, Appendectomy, prophylactic in Kausch's family, 200,228,265,282,306,360,371,468,490, 492 493, 596 Appendicitis, acute, 187, 192 Berlin blue, 105, 121, 183 Aprotinin, 239. See also Trasylol Berlin Medical Society (Berliner Medizinische APUD cell system, 153 Gesellschaft), 326 Arabic medicine, 6 Berne, 181, 304, 328, 383, 457-459, 599 Ascaris, pancreatitis from, 180, 200, 214 Beth Israel Hospital Boston, 616, 618 Ascites, pancreatic, 346 Bethany Hospital, Berlin, 197 Asia Minor, 2, 4, 103 Bethesda, Maryland, 354 Asian Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Bibliotheca anatomica (Leclerc and Manget), 36 Surgery, 682-683 Bile acids, discovery, 75 Aspiration, percutaneous, 621-622 Bile duct, compression, 180 Bile salts, producing pancreatitis, 200-20 1 Canadian Diabetes Association, 666 715 Bilirubin, discovery, 75 Canadian-American Pancreas Study Club Biochemistry, 73-75 676-677 Subject Index Biopsy, operative with frozen section, 621-622 Cancer nain (dwarf cancer), 442 Bismuth powder for radiology of the stomach, Cancer of the pancreas. see Carcinoma 607 Cannulation of pancreatic duct, 300, 616-619, Blackburn General Dispensary, 434 622 Bleeding, excessive in jaundice, 478-481, 485 Cappadocia, 199 Blood groups, discovery, 519-520 Carbohydrates, digestion, 74-76, 79. See also Blood letting, 320, 323 Starch Blood sugar, 132. See also Hypoglycemia and Carcinoid, 156, 218, 422 Hyperglycemia Carcinoma of the ampulla, 209-210, 425, Bo Palace, Padua, 10,26. See also Palazzo del Bo , 438-443, 519-580 Bologna, 7-8, 10-11,26,265,319,425-426, causing pancreatitis, 209-210 465, 471, 473-474 Carcinoma of the duodenum, 425 Bonn, 201, 281, 383, 461 Carcinoma, of the pancreas, 210, 265, 267, Book of rare, new, admirable und monstrous 425-511. See also Pancreas, carcinoma, medical observations (Schenk), 169 bypass operations, 446-460 Books, first medical, 7 early description by Morgagni, 425-430 Bordeaux, 403 early operations for, 446-447 Boston, 187-188, 286-287, 341, 355 famous patients, 432-433 Braunschweig, 464 frequency, 438 Bremen, 333-334 gigantocellular, 463-464 Breslau (Wroc!aw), 75, 86, 107-109, 234, 326, of the body and tail of the pancreas, 438, 469- 383 470 Bristol, 265 Cases and practical remarks on Surgery Bronchiectasis in mucoviscidosis, 410 (Gooch), 363 Bronzed diabetes, 281 Castiglione Fiorentino, 471 BrucellOSis, 219 Catgut, dissolved by pancreatic jUice, 522 Brussels, 300 CCK-oma, 155 Bucharest, 124 CEA,604 Budd-Chiari syndrome, 183 Ceos, 2 Buffalo, New York, 370 Chain of lakes, 297, 326 Bullet injuries, 366-377 Chalcedon, 1-2 Bypass, extracorporeal, pancreatitis after, 216 Chambre Royale de Medecins, 227 Byzantium, 1 Charite Hospital, Berlin, 180, 327, 595 Chelsea, Massachusetts, 187 Chiba Medical School, 682 CA, 19-9,574,604-605,624 Chicago, 140, 206-207, 290, 390 CA, 50, 604 Chicago Medical School, 290 Calcification, 212, 261-274, 276-278, 282, 285, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 412 288, 290, 292-296, 300, 307, 341, 423, Cholangiography, 208, 290 609. See also Calculi, Stones ofthe pancreas intravenous, 612, 614 in chronic pancreatitis, 261-274, 282-285, laparoscopic in acute pancreatitis, 208 288,290,292-296,300,307,607 operative, 611-612 first x-ray demonstration, 607 percutaneous transhepatic, 574-575 of insulinoma, 136 trough T-tube, 612 Calcitonin, 239 Cholecystectomy and choledochotomy Calcium test for gastrinoma, 149 acute pancreatitis after, 216 Calculi in chronic pancreratitis, 261-274, 282- for chronic pancreatitis, 208, 286 285, 288, 290, 292, 296, 300, 307, 607 for gallstone pancreatitis, 236-237, 245 removal, 276, 282, 396, 300, 320, 602. See also laparoscopic in acute pancreatitis, 208, 245, Calcification 575 Cambridge, 40 to prevent biliopancreatic reflux, 289 Cammidge reaction, 500, 501, 599 Cholecystenterostomy, 271, 287, 451, 455-456, Camostate, 240 475,491, 494-495. See also Campylobacter, 219 Cholecystojejunostomy 716 Cholecystoduodenostomy, 454, 479, 573 Common channel, 287, 289. See also Reflux Cholecystogastrostomy, 454-456, 461, 523, 525, Compendium anatomicum (Heister), 32 Subject Index 527-529, 540, 546-551, 573 Computerized tomography (el), 136,245,614, Cholecystogram, first in the dog, 610 621 Cholecystography introduction, 608-610 Conditioned reflexes (pavlov, trans!. by Andrep), Cholecystojejunostomy, 286-287, 450, 455, 483, 88 485, 495, 540, 546-552, 575 Conditioned reflexes, 88 Iaparoscopic, 575 Congres Francais de Chirurgie of, 1905, 343, 403, Cholecystokinin, 155, 193. See also Pancreozymin 477 Cholecystostomy, 237, 281, 286-287, Connaught Laboratories, Toronto, 123 446-449, 480, 521, 526 Constantinople, 6 first by Sims, 446-448 Cook County Hospital, Chicago, 190, 390 Choledochal cysts and acute pancreatitis, 217, Copenhagen, 221-223 320 Cordoba (Argentine), 613 Choledochoduodenostomy, 272,521,526 Cornell University, New York, 203 internal, 456, 479 Corticosteroids, acute pancreatitis from, 214 Choledochojejunostomy, 392,507,538,541·- Corticotropinoma (ACTH-oma), 155 542, 546-555, 575 Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 182, 328 to prevent reflux, 289 Cos, 2 Chylus, 20, 22, 72-73 COUTS d'anatomie medicate (portal), 177 Chyme, 74-75 Courvoisier-Tercier's law, 450, 457 Chymotrypsin,199 Coxsackie virus, 219 measuring in the stools, 286, 603 C-reactive protein, 597 Cimetidine, 149, 239 Cremona,7 Cincinnati, Ohio, 129 Crusades, 6 Cirrhosis, alcoholic of the liver, 271 CT-oma, 154-155 Cirrhosis, pancreas, 270 Cullen's sign, 184 Classification of pancreatitis, Marseille Cut-thru needle, 622 international symposium, 283 Cyclosporin, 636 Cleveland Clinic, 559, 563-564 Cyprus, 2,11 CUnique medicate (Lerminier), 179 Cystechinococcus,hydatid,318-319 Clonorchis sinensis, pancreatitis from, 215 Cyst, pancreatic, 183,281-282,602. See also Club Franltllis du Pancreas, 681 Cysts Coagulopathy, 479. See also Bleeding, aspiration, 340 Hemorrhage hemorrhage into, 455 Cochin, Hopital, Paris, 178 Cyst, tubercular, 343 Codeine, 79 Cystadenocarcinoma, epithelioma, 329, 340, College de France, 77-79, 81-82,177,227 348-356, 390 College of Surgeons, Dublin, 269 erroneous aspiration, 340, 355 Cologne, 107, 178 K-ras mutation, 354 Colonic necrosis in acute pancreratitis, 238 Cystadenoma, 325, 339, 348, 464 Columbia University College of Physicians and malignant degeneration, 351-354 Surgeons, 520-522, 538 papilliferum, 348, 351 Columbia University Presbyterian Medical serous multicystic, 348-350, 352-354, 356 Center, 521-522 Cystic duct, valves, 39 Coma, diabetic, 117, 270 Cystic fibrosis, 347. See also Mukoviscidosis Coma,hypo~ycerrUc, 129-131 Cystic tumors, 317: See Cystadenoma, Commentarli Bononensi scientiarum et artium Cystadenocarcinoma, Solid cystic acinar instttuttonis (Galeazzi), 319 tumor with endocrine cells, 356 Commentarlum in syntagma anatomicum Cystocholecystostomy, 344-345 Job. Veslingi (Blasius), 262 Cystoduodenostomy, 343, 345 Common bile duct, stones, 287, 320 Cystogastrostomy, 344 channel, 287. See also reflux Cystojejunostomy, 344-345 drainage to prevent reflux, 289 Cysts, pancreatic, 281-282, 317-356. See also obstruction by stones, 287, 289 Pseudocysts stenosis in chronic pancreatitis, 275-276, 287, apoplectic, 318 289 aspiration, 338, 340 Cysts (continued) Diabetes, European Association for Study of, 666 717 communicating with the duct, 323, 338 Diabetes Federation, International, 666 compressing the bile duct, 323 Diabetes AsSOCiation, American, 666 Subject Index congenital, 346-347 Diabetic Association, British, 666 excision, 339-341. See also Pseudocyst Diabetes AsSOciation, Canadian, 666 experimental production, 325 Diastase, 205, 598. See also Amylase, 282, 284, 289 external drainage, 338, 340-341, 343. See also Die cbirurgiscben Erkrankungen und Marsupialization Verletzungen des Pancreas (Korte), 197 formalin treatment, 319 Die Erkrankungen des Pankreas (Oser), 198 hemorrha~c,318, 323-324,342-343 Die Krankbeiten der Baucbspeicbeldriise histology, 324-325 (Claessen), 172, 178 neoplastic, 319, 348-354, 356. See also Die Verdauung nacb Versucben (Tiedemann Cystadenocarconoma and Gmelin), 75-76 percutaneous aspiration, 348 Diessenhofen, Switzerland, 65 postnecrotic, 183, 188 Dipsakos, 100 retentional, 281, 326, 347 Disease of tbe pancreas and tbeir surgical rupture, 342 treatment (Mayo Robson, Moynihan), 198, serous multicystic, 348-351, 354, 356 278, 286, 365, 414 tamponade, 318-319 Diseases of tbe Pancreas, its Causes and Nature tubercular, 343 (Opie),203 Cytology Disputatio medica de natura succi pancreatici from operative aspirates, 621-623 (De Graat), 49-55 of pancreatic and duodenal fluids, 621-622 Dissertatio de novo bills diverticulo (Vater), 38 from percutaneous aspirates, 623 Diverticulum of Meckel, aberrant pancreas in, 407 of samples from the pancreatic duct, 623 Dizionario biografico degli Italiani, 477 Dorsal pancreatic artery anomalies, 414 Drainage of the pancreas, 235-237 De abditis morborum causls (Benevieni), 165 endoscopic, 300. See also Stenting, De cbylificatione (Bohn), 72 sphincterotomy De dlssensionibus et controversils anatomicls to prevent reflux, 289 (Eustachio),9 transpapillary, 216 De bumani corporisfabrica (Vesalius), 14 Drainage, internal of pseudocysts, 343-345. See De magnettca vulnerum curattone (Helmont), 226 also Pseudocysts De Medicina (Celsus), 2 Drame abdominal (Dieu!afoy), 230 De morbis mesenterii et ejus quod pancreas Dresden, 169,624 apellatur (Alberti), 169 Dublin,269,332 De sedibus et causls morborum (Morgagni), Duct of Santorini, in pancreas divisum, 404, 405 176,427 injury during gastrectomy, 392 De succi pancreatict natura et usu (De Graaf), Duct, pancreatiC, 48. See also Pancreatic duct, 51,53 drainage De viscerum structura (Malpighi), 58 Duct, thoracic, 170 Debridement, 242-244. See also Necrosectomy Ductus Wirsungianus, 24. See also Pancreatic Duct Decontamination of the gastrointestinal tract, 230 Duke University, 604 Delft, 50, 52, 54 Duodenal duplication and acute pancreatitiS, 217 Dermatitis, necrotizing, 150 Duodenal obstruction, pancreatitis from, 210 Diabete gras, 106 Duodenectomy, total, 543 Diabete maigre, 106, 400-401 Duodeno-cholecystostomy, 276 Diabetes insipidus, 101 Duodenoduodenostomy for annular pancreas, Diabetes (mellitus), 199, 105, 140, 179,271-273 403 from aplasia or agenesis of dorsal pancreas, Duodenojejunostomy for annular pancreas, 403 400-401 Duodenoscope, 616 in chronic pancreatitis, 266, 270, 272 Duodenum, histolo~cal changes, 110-111 carcinoma, 438 juvenile, 117-119. See also Diabete maigre, diverticulization for trauma, 390 organotherapy of, 113 fistula for collection of pancreatic juice, 88 after pancreatectomy, 66-67, 107-109, 194, intraluminal diverticulum, 410 639 naming, 2 718 Duodenum (continued) Fat (continued) stenosis, 410 fecal, quantity, 604 Subject Index Du-PAN, 2, 604 Fat necrosis, 185-187, 201, 228-229, 235, 381 retroperitoneal, 244, 246 Fatty liver in pancreatectomized dogs, 566 e-aminocaproic acid (EACA)" 240 Fermentation, 48-49 Eastern Roman Empire, 6 Fermententgleisung (derailment of enzymes), 200 Ebers papyrus, 99 Fermilab Cancer Therapy Facility, Batavia, 577 Echinococcal cyst, 277, 334. See also Hydalid Fever, intermittent, Pancreas cause of, 9, 166, Echinococcus, 334 263-264 EdWnburgh" 101, 166, 167, 265, 349 Fibroadenoma of the ampulla, 421 Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyons, 301 of the pancreas, 423-424 Effervescence, 49 Fibroma of the ampulla, 423 Egypt, 1, 2, 99 of the pancreas, 424 Elastase, 199, 597, 604 Fistula. See also pancreatic fistula Electrophysiology of cells, 94 Fistula, duodenal, 189 Elementa physiologiae corporis bumani pancreatic, 50, 52, 55, 192, 195, 293, 296, (Haller), 18, 36 306-307, 329, 342, 390, 465, 532 Eli Lilly Company, 120 florence, 8, 44,165,272 ELISA (enzyme linked immuno absorbent assay), 5-fluorouracil, 576 597, 604 Forage, 293 Encbeirldium Anatomicum et Patbologicum Foramen of Winslow, 56 (patin), 222 Forli (Romagna, Italy), 265 Endoprosthesis, palliative transhepatic, 574 Fortschrittspartei (Party of Progress), 102 Endoscopic papillotomy, 208,245,618-619. See Franco-Prussian War of, 1870-71,26-27,103,446 also Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic, ERCP Fr.u1kfiut, 184, 228 ultrasonography, 615 Free University of Berlin, 304 Entero-enterostomy, 492, 494-495, 523, 528, 539 Freiburg, 103, 113, 403 Enterokinase, 88, 199 Furunculosis, 100 deficiency, 413 Enzyme inhibitors, 199-200, 239 Enzymes synthesis, transport, storage, 85, 93 Gabexate-mesilate, 240 pancreatic, 75, 85, 199, 201 Gallbladder, Courvoisier's, 437 Epidermal growth factor receptor, 579 enlarged in chronic pancreatitis, 269, 275-276 Epilepsy, pancreas as cause of, 169 enlarged in pancreatic carcinoma, 428, 435- ERCP in acute pancreatitis, 208 437, 440, 448, 452, 456, in pancreatic ascites, 346 Gallstone pancreatitis, 17, 177, 185, 198,202- pancreatic injury in, 392 209, 228, 245, 272, 282-283, 284, 289. pancreatitis after ERCP, 216 See also Pancreatitis, gallstone- Erlnnerungen, Gedanken und Metnungen Gallstones as cause of chronic pancreatitis, 271, (Naunyn), 109 282, 284, 289, 320 Erlangen, 307, 622 in common bile duct, 287 Erythema migrans, 150 first described, 165 Estrogens, acute pancreatitis from, 214 retrieval, endoscopic, 245 Ethibloc, 542, 546-551 Gangrene, diabetic, 102 Etude btstorlque et critique des lonctions t·t duodenal after pancreatectomy, 196 maladies du pancreas (Moyse), 59, 406 Gangrene, of pancreas, 177,203. See also Etude sur les maladies du pancreas (Ancelet), Necrosis, Pancreas, gangrene, Pancreatitis, 179 gangrenous Experlmenta nova drca pancreas (Brunner), 65 Gastrectomy, 534, 546-556 ExpOSition anatomique de la structure du corps subtotal for carcinoma, 457 bumain (Winslow), 56 subtotal for chronic pancreatitis, 290-291 subtotal for gastrinoma, 145-146 total for carcinoma, 465, 549 Fasciola hepatic, pancreatitis from, 215 total for gastrinoma, 145-147, 149 Fat, absorption, 75-77, 80-81 Gastric carcinoma, penetrating the pancreas, digestion, 75 465, 467 Gastric inhibitory peptide, 153 Growth hormone inhibitor, 152. See also 719 ~tricjuice, 34, 80 Somatostatin ~tric resection, 450. See also Gastrectomy GRP--oma, 155 Subject Index ~trin, 139, 148-149 Gutmann's sign, 608 ~trinoma, 139-156 Guy's Hospital, London, 266, 441 ectopic, extrapancreatic, 149,409 localization, 149 Roentgen therapy, 146 Hz-blockers, 239 Gastrin-releasing polypeptide, 155 Hainault, 24 Gastritis, as cause of pancreatitis, 180 Halle, 38, 107-108,266,370,404 ~trodiaphanoscopy, 616 Hamadon (lran), 100 Gastroduodenoscope, 616 Hamburg, 17, 21, 38, 196, 286, 620 Gastroduodenostomy, 144-146 Hanau, Germany, 262 ~troenterostomy, 403,486,495,505-506, Handbucb der Patbologiscben Anatomie 534-535, 546-555. See also (Meckel), 404-405 Gastrojejunostomy Handbucb der tbeoretiscben Cbemie ~trojejunostomy, 128, 138, 390, 493-495, 498, (fiedemann), 75 534-536,539,543,546-555,567,573,693 Harlem, 38 for annular pancreas, 403 Harvard University Medical School, 187-188, end-to-end, 546-553 354-355 laparoscopic, 580 Hearst papyrus, 99 after pancreatectomy, 473 Heidelberg, 70-72, 75-76, 105, 183-184, 196, for pancreatic trauma, 391 402-403, 466, 504, 560 prophylactic after resection of carcinoma, 573 Heiliggeist Hospital, Frankfurt, 238 Gastroscope,616-617,622 Helmstedt, 38, 280, 430 Gene expression of the pancreas, 579 Hematoma of the pancreas, 317. See also Genetic Prodrug Activation Therapy for Hemorrhage pancreatic cancer, 579 Hemochromatosis as cause of chronic Geneva, 73, 176, 263 pancreatitis, 281 Genoa, 45 Hemorrhage, in obstructive jaundice, 478-479 George Washington University, 617 pancreatic, 181, 183, 185, 188. See also German Congress of Surgery, 294, 335, 466 Pancreatitis, hemorrhagic German Nation of Artists, Padua, 16, 27 Hepatic artery, anomalies, 413 German Pancreatic Club, 683 Hepatitis Virus A,B,C, 219 GIP--oma, 153 Heterotopia, 406: see Pancreas, aberrant Glands,3 Hines Memorial Veterans Hispital, Illinois, 298 Glands, Brunner's, 70 Hippocratic medical school, 1 Glands, submaxillar (Whartoni), 55 Htstotre d'Anatomie et Cbirurgte (portal), 177 Glasgow, 137, 184, 445 Historta Anatomico-Medica (ljeutaud), 264 Glasgow Medical School, 101 Histology of the pancreas, 105, 228, 325 Glasgow score, 599 Histologic Typing of Tumors of tbe Exocrine GlOSSitis, in glucagonoma, 150 Pancreas (Kloppel), 578 Glucagon, 93, 150, 239 History of many parts of tbe buman body Glucagonoma, 150, 533, 536 (Alberti), 169 Glucose tolerance test, 134,600 HIV infection, 219 Glucosuria, 101-102, 109, 271,600-602 Hofschule, Medical school at the Court of after total pancreatectomy, 566 Vienne, 322 Glutoid capsules, 599 Hollander test, 144 Glycogen storage disease, and acute pancreatitis, Holy Roman Empire of German Nation, 16,70-71 217 Hopital Cochin, Paris, 178,299,612 Glycogen, discovery, 80 Hopital de la Charite, Paris, 179 GOttingen, 24, 196, 433 Hopital des Enfants malades, Paris, 344 Grafts, vascularized pancreatic, 642 Hopital Saint-Sulpice, Paris, 179 Grand Duchess Helena Pawlowna Institute, St. Hoppe-Sayler Institute of Pharmacology, 107 Petersburg, 452 Hormones, 89-91 Greuswald, 107, 200, 238 Hospital "Am Urban", Berlin, 197-198,282 GRF--oma, 154 Hotel-Dieu, Paris, 59, 77, 107, 178, 328, 378 720 HPB Surgery (Journal), 688 Infektpankreatitis (infectious pancreatitis), 218 Human Lymphocyte Antigen, 636 Inhibitors of enzymes, 199-200, 239. See also Subject Index Hydatid cyst, 277, 334,464 enzyme inhibitors Hydrochloric acid, stimulating pancreatic Injuries to the pancreas, 363-393. See also secretion, 76 Trauma Hypercalcemia, 154 blunt, 363-366 acute pancreatits from, 213 iatrogenic, 392-393 Hyperchlorhydria, 141, 143-144 penetrating, 363, 366-377 Hypergastrinemia, 149 Innsbruck, 127 Hyperglycemia. See also Blood sugar, Diabetes Inquisition, 11 in somatostatinoma, 152, 155 Institutiones Anatomicae (Caldini), 37 Hyperinsulinism, 123, 127-131, 136, 138, 520, Insuffidency, endocrine after pancreatectomy, 305 568-569. See also Hyperglycemia Insufficiency, exocrine, 282 histologic changes in the islets, 132-133, 135, after pancreatectomy, 305 138 pancreatic congenital, 412 -413 surgery for, 128-132,138 Insulin, 93, 102, 152,510,520,640 Hyperlipidemia, familial hereditary, 212-2130,285 discovery, 115-126 Hyperparathyroidism, 148, 213, 284-285, 292 human, synthesis, 126 causing acute pancreatitis, 213 isolation, 125 in chronic pancreatitis, 284-285, 292 mass production, 123 Hypertriglyceridemia in acute pancreatitis, 212- molecular structure, 125 213 overdose, 123. See also Hypoglycemia Hypoalbuminemia in acute pancreatitis, 201 recovery from islet tumors, 133 in glucagonomas, 150 requirement after total pancreatectomy, 465, Hypocalcemia, 154, 201 569-571 Hypochlorhydria in somatostatinoma, 152 Insulin producing tumor, 299 Hypochondria, 180, 280-281. See also Insulinoma, 127-138,409, 520-521, 537-538 Melancholia calcification, 136 Hypoglycemia, 127-131, 134-137 ectopic, 136, 409 iatrogenic, 305, 569 localization, 135-137 in newborns, 113 Inter-lXctrypsin inhibitor, 200 from non-pancreatic tumors, 139 Interferon, 151 spontaneous, 139 Internal secretion, 89, 102-103. See also after total pancreatectomy, 569 Hormones Hypokalemia, in CT -oma, 154 International Association of Pancreatology, 672- in VIP-syndrome, 151 674 Hypotension, causing pancreatitis, 220 International Diabetes Federation, 646 Hypothermia, causing pancreatitis, 220 International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary therapeutic, 239 Association, 679-680 Hypovolemia in acute pancreatitis, 230, 238 International Journal of Pancreatology, 687 Hysteria, pancreas cause of, 169 International Pancreas Transplant Registry, 649, 651 Introduction a la Medicine experimentale IAPP-oma (Amylinoma), 155 (Bernard), 78, 82 Iatrochemistry, 48 Intubation, duodenal, 601, 603 Iatrologismorum seu medicinalium Inverted, 3-sign, 608 observationum pentecostae Islam, 6 quinque.refertae (panaroli), 262 Islet cell lleocoecalvalve, 175 adenomatosis, 138-139 Immunostaining, 622 carcinoma, 138,470, 534, 537-538. See also Immunosuppression, 636 Insulinoma pancreatitis under, 216 hyperplasia, hypertrophy, 138-139 Imola (Bologna), 472-473 tumors, 126-156. See also insulinoma, Imperial Institute of experimental Medcine, St. glucagonoma Petersburg, 86 tumors, localization, 135-136 Indianapolis, 120, 123, 294 tumors, non-functioning (clinically silent), 128, Infection of necroses, 243 142, 146, 150, 153 Islet cell (continued) Kobe University, 676 721 Isletin, 118 Kochermanoeuvre,Kocherization,458,505 Islets of Langerhans, 99, 105, 107, 110, 113, Knigsberg (Kaiiningrad), 107-109, 181, 197, Subject Index 126-129, 135-136, 146, 150, 153, 271 400, 489 aplasia, 401 Korean War, 379 atrophy, 107 Krankenhaus am Urban, Berlin, 197-198 changes in diabetes, 105, 110 K-ras oncogene mutation, 579-580 ectopic tumors, 128 Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 565, fibrosis, 113 576, 619 hyperplasia, 113, 136, 138 after ligation of pancreatic duct, 111-112 name, 105 La Paz, Bolivia, 192 transplantation, 647-652 La Piti Hopital, Paris, 207, 435, 464, 489 tumors, 126-156. See also Insulinoma, VIP- Lactoferrin, 284 oma, Glucagonoma Lahey Clinic, Boston, 296-297, 652 Isoenzymes,94 Landshut, Bavaria, 76 Istituto Rizzoli, Bologna, 471, 473-474 Laparoscopic surgery, 575 Italian Society of Gastroenterology, 474 Laparoscopy, 623-624 Laparotomy exploratory, 232-233, 236-237, 593 Japanese Pancreas Society, 574-575, 674-675 for injuries, 363-364, 379, 382-385 Japanese Pancreatic Cancer Registry, 565, Lausanne, 457 571-572, 674-675 Lavage, peritoneal, 240, 244 Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Le suc gastrique et son role dans la nutrition Surgery, 680-681 (Bernard),78 Jardin du Roi, 177 Leeches, 230-231, 438 Jaundice, hemolytic, 108-109 Leeds, 198, 274 Jaundice in acute pancreatitis, 180,231-232, Legionnaire's disease, 219 236, 320 Leiden, 33, 49-51, 65, 121, 171 in chronic pancreatitis, 267, 271-272, 275, Leipzig, 38, 86, 331-332, 462 277, 320 Leptospirosis, 219 infectious, 107 Liege, University, 59, 334-335, 450 obstructive, 434,436,450,477-479,491- Lille, 110 492, 505, 521, 527, 529, 602 Lipase, 88, 94,186,228,596 in pancreatic carcinoma, 434-436, 439, 456, Lipiodol, 613 478 Lipocaic, 566 Jefferson Medical School, Philadelphia, 446 Lipoma of the pancreas, 423 Jejunojejunostomy, 495 lithotripsy for calcifying pancreatitis, 307 Jejunostomy, temporary, 542 Liverpool, 148 Jena, 21, 38, 196, 272, 389 London, 264-266, 329, 469, 560 Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore London Hospital, 139 202-204, 228, 408, 481-482, 545, 558, London, Ontario, 165 561, 578 London, University College, 92 Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Loudon, 178 ,687 Louvain, 10, 594 Journals of Pancreatology, 687-689 Lund, 136, 205-207, 291 Lupus erythematodes, pancreatitis due to, 220 Lymphatic system, 84 KaIlikreas, 4 Lymphatic vessels, 3, 16, 22, 30, 169 Kallikrein inhibitor, 199 Lymphoepitheial tumor of the pancreas, 356 ~,Svveden, 205 Lymphosarcoma of the pancreas, 464 Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, 621 Lyons, 291, 301 Kidney transplant, simultaneous vvith pancreatic, 637, 644-647 King's and Queen's College of Physicians in Macerata, Marche, Italy, 471 Ireland, 230 Macroamylase, 596 King's College Hospital, London, 123 Madeira, 103 -1 04 722 Magnetic resonance imaging, 414, 426, 445, Molecular biology, 93 614-615, 624 Mononucleosis, infectious, 219 Subject Index Malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis due to, 285 Montefiore Hospital, New York, 644 Malrotation of intestine, 401 Montgomery, Alabama, 446 Mannhebn,66, 71-72, 560 Montpellier,7, 10, 177 Marburg, 75-76,200,238 Montreal, McGill University, 200 Margarita pbtlosopbica, 8 Morphine, 79, 279 Maria Theresia Frauenspital, Vienna, 333 Mother-baby-scope, 619 Marseille, 212, 283 MRI imaging in acute pancreatitis, 245. See also Marseille group, 283 Magnetic Resonance bnaging Marseille nomenclature, 283 Mucinous papillary cystic tumor with ductal Marsupialization, 319,331-338,341,344,378, ecstasia, 353-355. See also 380 Cystadenocarcinoma Martyrology ofAntimony (patin), 225 Mucoviscidosis,410-412 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 187- operation for, 411-412 188, 341, 355 Mumps, 178, 180,219. See also Parotitis Masturbation, Pancreatitis due to, 180, 200 Munich, 16, 191, 200, 307, 620 Matrix metalloproteinases, 579 Miinsterlingen, Switzerland, 450 Mayo Clinic, 470, 568, 573 Murphy button, 476, 478, 493-495, 497-499 McGill University, Montreal, 200 Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 219 Meath Hospital, Dublin, 322 Meconium ileus, 410-411 Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, 576, 581, 669 Nafamostate, 240 Medical and Surgical History oftbe War oftbe Namazee Medical Center of Shiraz, 538 Rebellion (Otis), 372 Naples, 21 Medicine, experbnental, 73, 78-79, 181, 187 Naumburg, 169 Medicine, romantic speculative, 73 Necrosectomy, 236, 242-244 Mediterranean Sea, Eastern (map), 2 Necrosis, pancreatic, 177, 227-229 Melancholy, 180, 280 peripancreatic, 223, 227-229 Memoire sur Ie pancreas et sur Ie role du suc Nephropathy, diabetic, 637 pancreatique (Bernard), 80, 85, 88 Nesidioblastosis, 138-139 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New Nestorians, 6 York, 538, 576 Netherlands, 46 MEN-J syndrome, 156 Neuralgia coeliaca, 291 6-mercaptopurine, 638 Neurofibromatosis, 153 Mercury, 180, 230, 280 Neurophysiology, 78 as cause of chronic pancreatitis, 280 Neurotensin,93, 154 Mesenteric artery and vein, superior, anomalies, Neurotensinoma, 154 410,413 New Orleans, 330 Mesenteric glands, 3-4 New York Academy of MediCine, 534 Mesenteric vein, superior, ligation, 545, 556 New York College of Physicians and Surgeons, thrombOSiS, 183 520 Mesentery, 9 New York Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Mesoduodenum, 65 Center, 445, 520-522, 533-534, 538 MeSSina, 465 New York Hospital, 480 Methemoglobin, 597 New York Pathologic Society, 329 Microscopic investigation on the Identity of tbe New York Rockefeller Center, 203-204 Structure and Growtb of Animals and New York Surgical Society, 534 Plants (Schwann), 594 New York University Medical Center, 600 Microscopy, 105, 274-275, 323-324, 425, 434, NobeIPrize,88,92-93, 119, 120-121, 140, 182, 437,444-446,594 240,411, 457, 520, 596-597, 614 Middle colic artery, anomalies, 413 Norfolk Hospital, 363 Middlesex Hospital, London, 329, 468, 568 Nottheastern Ohio College of Medicine, Akron, 207 Milwaukee Hospital, Wisconsin, 190 Nuremberg, 21, 25, 169 Minneapolis, Minnesota, 351, 641, 645, 647-648, Nuremberg-Erlangen, University, 27, 280 651-652 Nutrition, total parenteral in acute pancreatitis, Modena, 15 240-242 Observationes anatomicae (Fallopius), 15 Pancreas (continued) 723 Observationes anatomicae (Santorini), 34-35 early bypass operations for, 446-460, 559 Observationum medicarum libri tres (Tulp), early deSCriptions, 425-434, 434 Subject Index 174-175 famous patients, 432-433 Observations on Pathology, Therapeutics of frequency, 438 Diseases of the Pancreas (Bigsby), 166 of the body, 438, 469-470 Octreotide, 138-139, 148, 151, 155 palliative treatment, 572-576 Octreotide scintigraphy, 136,614 crushing, 193, 380-381 Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 141-143, 146 cystic fibrosis, cystic degeneration, 410, see Olmutz,185 also Mucoviscidosis Omentum, 3 displacement, 414 Omeprazole,148 divisum, 32, 36, 214, 404-406 On the names ofparts of the human body early reports of diseases, 165-171 (Ruphos of Ephesus), 4 embryology, 399, 403 On the pancreas and its juice (Bebr), 72 endocrine, 99-156 Ontario, Western, University of, 116, 122 experimental crushing, 193, 380-381 OPera anatomica (Riolan), 21 filling an empty space, 15 Opotherapy of diabetes, 102, 113. See also first description, 1, 3 Diabetes,organotherapy function as a cushion, 6, 12, 14-15, 169 Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, 464 function, Brunner's experiments on, 65-69 Ovarian follides, discovered by De Graaf, 52 gangrene, 176-177, 195,242. See also Oxford, 65, 100, 168 Pancreatitis, gangrenous hemorrhage, 177-178. See also Bleeding, Hemorrhage 7t-mesons, 577 histology, 105 PABA test (Bentiromide test), 603 lesser of Winslow, 57, 401 Padua, 10-11, 15-18,22,24,26,28,263,425- names, 3-4, 14 426 necroSiS, 176. See also Necrosis anatomic theatre, 11 lymphoepithelial tumor, 356 botanical garden, 28 padding function, 6,12,14-15, 169 map of city, 23 picture by Bartholin, 31 San Francesco Monastery, 17-18 picture by Plemp, Wesling, 29 Pain in pancreatic carcinoma, 428, 431, 434, 436 picture by Vesalius, 14 Palatinate, 70-71 picture by Wesling, De Graaf, Ruysch, 30-31 Palazzo del DO, Padua, 10, 26, 28 picture by Wirsilng, 27, 28 p-aminomethyl-benzoic acid (PAMBA), 240 prolapse in wounds, 366-368 p-aminomethykydohexane acid (AMClIA), 240 protecting arteries, 14-15 Pancreas purulent, 176, 177. See also Pancreatitis aberrant, 401, 406-409 gangrenous accessory, 401, 408 resections, 288, 296, 301-305. See also adenocarcinoma, 425-511, 519-580 Pancreatectomy agenesis, aplasia, 400 rupture, fracture, 365, 381-386 amputation of the tail, 288 secundarium, 4 annular, 402-404, 413 sequestration, 178. See also Necrosis Aselli,4 supporting the stomach, 13-14 atrophy in diabetes, 102, 400-401 suturing, 193-194, 382-384 benign tumors, 421-425 transplantation, 633-652 blind resections, 136 trauma, 342, 361-393 cancer, 265, 267,425-511, 519-580,604. See tuberculosis, 218-219 also AdenocarCinoma, Pancreas Carcinoma, tumors, 421-580 Scirrhus Pancreas pancrene adornante sive pancreatis capsule splitting, 288 et succi .... (Swalve), 46-47, 165 carcinoma, 265, 267, 425-511, 519, 580, 604. Pancreas Oournal), 687 See also Cancer Pancreas Society of Japan, 674 and acute pancreatitis, 209-210, 218 Pancreatectomy. See also classification and staging, 577-578 Pancreaticoduodenectomy, with diabetes, 265, 436 Pancreatoduodenectomy 724 Pancreatectomy (Continued) Pancreatic duct (continued) in animals, 65-68,125, 192, 194 injection of fluids, 192 Subject Index blind for insulinoma, 136 injuries, 384 diabetes after, 107-109 ligation, 111-113., 185, 195, 523-525, duodenum preserving, 303-304, 543-544 539-541,641 experimental, diabetes after, 637 mucosa-ta-mucosa anastomosis, 541-542 Pancreatectomy, partial, see also Necrosectomy necrotizing ligature, 541 for acute pancreatitis, 301-303. See also obliteration, 400 Necrosectomy obstruction after suture, 307 for carcinoma, 519, 521-576 by injection of gel, Ethibloc, 307, 546-551 for chronic pancreatitis, 301-304 obstruction causing pancreatitis, 210, 218, in dogs, 65-68 307 for gastrinoma, 143 picture by Santorini, 35 for hyperinsulinism, 128-139, 568 stenosis (stricture) in chronic pancreatitis, for islet cell tumors, 128-139, 274-275 left,301-302,461-463,467,469-470 stenting, 300 pylorus preserving, 300, 302-303, 543-;44, suture,383,388-389 546-552 in turkey cock, 17 for trauma, 376, 386 Pancreatic ducts, lateral, 263-264 Pancreatectomy, regional, 556 Pancreatic exocrine function, tests for, 599-600 Pancreatectomy, subtotal Pancreatic exocrine secretion, nervous control, for nesidioblastosis, 138-139, 305 86-88 for pancreatitis, 194-195 Pancreatic fistula, 78, 88, 192, 195, 204, 293, Pancreatectomy, total, 136-137, 194-196, 296,306-307,329,342,391,465,523,532, 465-466,546-552,556,563-572,651 541-543 in acute pancreatitis, 242 Pancreatic grafts, experimental, 637-639 for chronic pancreatitis, 304-305 Pancreatic juice, 72-76, 79-81, 83, 86, 88-89, for hyperinsulinism, 130, 136, 568-570 166 for pancreatic carcinoma, 546-552, 556, 563- affecting the skin, 195-196 572 from ductal system, 93-95 for trauma, 390-392 intravenous injection, 196 in the dog, 107 -109 in the peritoneum, 195-196, 235 Pancreatoduodenostomy, 494, 542 produced by the ductal system, 193-95 Pancreatoenterostomy, 295, 298, 524, 538, 541, Pancreatic lithiasis, 113, 261. See also 544. See also Pancreatojejunostomy Pancreatolithiasis, Pancreatitis, chronic, Pancreatic Association, American, 675-679 Calcifications Pancreatic calculi: see Calcifications Pancreatic plexus, resection, 29i Pancreatic Cancer Registry, Japanese, 675-676 Pancreatic polypeptide, 93, 154 Pancreatic (pancreas) Club, American Pancreatic remnant, implantation, 538. See also 669-671 Pancreatic stump Pancreatic Club, European, 667-668 Pancreatic secretory inhibitor PSI, 200 Pancreatic duct, 16-22, 29-32, 34-36, 65-67, Pancreatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 111-112, 185, 192, 194,210,218 679 accessory (double), 30-32, 34-35 Pancreatic stump (after resection), implantation, anastomosis to Roux loop after trauma, :\86, 486, 538, 546-551 387 closure by Ethibloc, 307, 542, 546-551 anastomosis to urinary bladder, 644 invagination, 489 anomalous junction with bile duct, 410 management, 541-543 cannulation, diagnostic, 616-619, 621 Pancreaticoduodenectomy, 300, 413, 461, dilatation, 277, 327 468-475, 478, 504, 520-563, 546-552, discovery, 16-19 557-563. See also Pancreatoduodenectomy double, 399 for acute pancreatitis, 302-303 drainage, operative, 480 for carcinoma, 521-563 first radiographic depiction, 617 for chronic pancreatitis, 301-303 implantation after resection of the ampulla, for gastrinoma, 143 483, 486 for hyperinsulinism, 128-139, 568, 573 in the dog, 65-66 pylorus preserving, 302-303, 543-544 Pancreaticoduodenectomy (continued) calcifying, 261-274. See also Calcifications 725 for somatostatinoma, 152 cystic dilatation of the duct, 325-327 for trauma, 390-391 early deSCriptions, 261-276 Subject Index Pancreat(ic)oenterostomy, 295-298, 503, hereditary, 217, 284-285 523-524,538,541,546-555,646 histology, 270, 274-275 Pancreaticogastrostomy, 546-552 from hyperparathyroidism, 213 Pancreaticojejunostomy, 295-298, 503, non-alcoholic, 284-285 523-525, 542, 546-555, 646 obstructive, 285 Pancreatin, 75, 235, 279, 438 recurring,282-284 Pancreatitis, acute, 165-246 retention cysts, 281-282,327-328 active internal treatment, 238 treatment, 286-308 alcoholic, 201,211-212 Pancreatoduodenectomy, 300, 413, 461, anticholinergics, 239 468-475, 478, 504, 520-563. See also conservative treatment, 238-239 Pancreaticoduodenectomy diagnosis, 236-237, 594-600 for acute pancreatitis, 242-243 drug induced, 214 for calcifying pancreatitis, 302 - 303, early surgery, 231-233 543-544 edematous, 178, 200, 228-229, 237 for carcinoma, 521-563 etiologies, 180, 202-221, 280 extended, 544-545, 561-562 experimental,192-196 in dogs, 487 -489 fat necrosis, 185-186 for gastrinoma, 143 first deSCriptions, 171-177 for islet carcinoma, 536-537 frequency, 171, 179 for somatostatinoma, 152 gallstone-, 177, 195, 198,202-209,228,236- historical development, 546-556 237, 230, 235, 245-246, 271, 283. See mortality rates, 557-561 also Gallstones one stage, 533-538 gangrenous, 183, 188, 195 palliative, 574 hemoductal,218 pioneers, 470, 489. See also, 546-551 hemorrhagic, 180, 183-185, 187-189, 229, Codivilla, 471-477 236 Brunschwig, 538-539, 550, 552 hepatic failure, 238 Hirschel, 504-506 idiopathic, 201, 220, 290 Kausch,492,494-503 in aberrant pancreas, 409 Sauve, 491 in hyperparathyroidism, 213 Tenani, 506-511 in pregnancy, 210 Whipple, 519-538, 552-554 in typhoid fever, salmonellosis, clostridia, 198, pylorus preserving, 300, 302-303, 543-544 219 staged, 491, 521, 523-525, 533, 545-551 incision of the capsule, 233-237 survival rates, 557-561 infection, 201, 218-219 for trauma, 390 laparoscopy, 623 Pancreatoduodenostomy,494,547-551 mortality, 234, 237 Pancreatoenterostomy, 295-298, 503, 523-525, necrotinng, 195, 199-200, 213-214, 221- 538, 541, 546-555, 646. See also 230, 232-236 Pancreatojejunostomy pleural effusion, 238 Pancreatogastrostomy, 300, 388 post-ERCP, 216 Pancreatography, excretory, 616-617 postoperative, 216-217 Pancreatojejunostomy, 295-298, 503, 523-525, pulmonary failure, 238-239 538, 541, 546-555, 646. See also recurrent, relapsing, 206, 208-210, 282 Pancreatoenterostomy sudden death, 188-189 Pancreatolithiasis, 113. See also Pancreatitis suppurative, 181, 188, 196 chronic, Calcifications traumatic, 369-370, 377 Pancreatology, 665-689 treatment, 230-244 Pancreatoscopy, 619 from worms, 180, 210, 214-215, 245 Pancreatostomy, 288, 292-294 Pancreatitis, chronic, 101-102, 149, 176, 231, Pancreatotomy, 288, 292-294 261-308,327,604 Pancreine, 124 alcoholic,211-212,270,282-284 Pancreolauryl (Fluorescein) test, 605 with ascites, 346 Pancreozymin, 93, 603. See also cholecystokinin 726 Papilla Vateri (duodeni), 38-39, 202-203, 205, Prague, 77, 180-181, 183-184,335-336,344, 207, 218, 303, 481, 483. See also Ampulla 454, 465 Subject Index fibrous stenosis, causing pancreatitis, 218, 285, Prague, German University, 184, 334-336 290 Princeton University, 521, 538 Papilla, minor (Santorini), 34 Proenzymes, 86 Papillectomy, 487. See also Ampullectomy Proteases, pancreatic juice, 93, 199-200 Papilloma of the ampulla, 422 Protein electrophoresis, bidimensional, 93 Papilloplasty for pancreas divisum, 406 Proteins, 83 Papillotomy, endoscopic for Pancreas divisum, Pseudocysts, 183, 238, 317-318, 325, 340-343, 405-406 346-347,378-382 for carcinoma of the ampulla, 575 with ascites, 346 pancreatitis after, 216, 290. See also ERCP acute, 340 Parathormone, 154 as different from retention cysts, 340 Parathyroid adenoma, 154, 284 aspiration, 327-328., 345, 378-380 Parathyroidectomy, and acute pancreatitis, 213 excision, 329-330 Parathyroidoma, 154 gastroscopic aspiration, 345 Paris, 21,65, 72,76,107,171,178-179,221, internal drainage, 343-344 265, 293, 344, 400, 405 marsupialization, 319, 331-338, 343-344, Paris, Hotel-Dieu, 59, 107, 178, 328, 378 378-379 Paris, Pere Lachaise Cemetery, 83 perforation, 342, 346 Paris University, 77, 81, 169, 176,226 post-traumatic, 331-332, 340, 343, 378-380 Parotitis, 179-180,219. See also Mumps puncture,absorption,327-328,345-346 Pathology,cellular,69, 72,105,183 retrogastric, submesocolic, intergastrocolic, Pergamon, 2,4 interhepatogastric, 343 Peri adenon (Hippocrates), 4 spontaneous absorption, 322, 340 Peripancreatic necroSiS, 180, 181, 183, 223. See transduodenal transpapillary drainage, 345 also Necrosis, Pancreatitis acute PTH-oma, 154 necrotizing Pulmonary failure in acute pancreatitis, 201 Persian medicine, 6 Purpura, thrombocytopenic, pancreatitis due to, Perugia, 7, 42, 44 220 Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, 141 Pyloric exclusion for pancreatic trauma, 390 Phannacology,experlmental,70 Philadelphia, 151, 437, 446, 581, 641 Queen's Hospital, Birmingham, 340 Philadelphia Academy of Surgeons, 534 Phlebography, transhepatic, 136 Phonendoscope, 606 Radioactive Iridium, gold, 576 Phospholipase A, 199, 201, 240, 597 Radiography of the pancreas, 285-286, 605-613 Pbysiologie der Verdauung nacb Versucben Radioimmunoassay, 125, 155, 596-597 (Eberle), 75 Radiotherapy, 192 Physiology of exocrine pancreas, 65-95 intraoperative, 576 Pirenzipine, 149 palliative in pancreatic cancer, 576 Pitie (La), Hospital in Paris, 178, 464 preooperative (curative), 576-577 Polycystic disease of the pancreas, 347-348 Radium treatment of pancreatic cancer, 576 Polydipsia, 102 Ranitidine, 149 Polyp of the ampulla, 422 Ranula pancreatica, 326 Polyuria, 99-102, 266 Red Cross, American, 192 Portal hypertension, 521, 623 Reflux, bilio-pancreatic, 198, 202-203, 237, segmental, 270, 612 286., 289-290 Portal vein, anomalies, 414 Renaissance, 7 ligation, 545 Renal failure, 104, 201, 218 resection during pancreatectomy, 468-469, 556 Reports of Medical Cases .... (Bright), 266 thrombosis, 183 Resection of the body and tail for chronic Portland, Oregon, 566 pancreatitiS, 301-302, 306. See also Portocaval anastomOSiS, 520, 545 Pancreatectomy, left Portuguese Pancreas Club (Club Portugues do Resection of the head of the pancreas, Pancreas), 683 duodenum-preserving, 303, 304, 306, PP-oma, 154 543-544, 546-551 Retention cysts, 325-326. See also Cyst. Sherborne, Dorsetshire, 168 727 Revolution of, 1848 in Paris, 340 Shock in acute pancreatitis, 229. See also Revolution, Russian of, 1917,87 hypovolemia Subject Index Reye's syndrome, 220 Shock wave treatment of chronic pancreatitis, Rheims, 106, 179, 202 307 Ribonuclease, 597 Shwachman's Syndrome, 412 Rickets, 40 Societe Fran~se de Biologie, 124 Riedel's lobe, 271 Society of Biology, Romanian, 126 Riedel's triad, 271 Society of Clinical Investigation, 130 Riehen near Basel, Switzerland, 456 Society of Pancreatology, Mediterranean, Ring-Lunderqvist catheters, 575 672 Rjazan, Russia, 86 SOdersjukhuset, Stockholm, 575 Rockefeller Institute, New York, 203-204 Solid cystic acinar tumor of the pancreas, 354. Roentgenography, introduction, 605 See also Cystadenoma, mucinous. of pancreatic stones, 285-286 Somatoliberoma, 154 Rome, 262 Somatostatin, 93, 138, 152, 239 Rostock, 200 Somatostatinoma, 152-153 Rothschild Hospital, Vienna, 198 Spanish Civil War, 374 Roux~n-Yloop,303, 386-387, 457, 546-551 Spanish Pancreatic Club, 681 Royal College of Physicians, London, 140, 266, Sphincter of papilla (Oddi), 42, 44-45, 204 410, 436 spasm leading to reflux, 204, 290 Royal College of Surgeons (Edinburgh), 167-168 Sphincterotomy, endoscopic, 300. See also Royal College of Surgeons (Engl.), 115, 303, 410 Papillotomy, Papilloplasty Royal Society London, 57 endoscopic emergency in treatment in Royal Society of Physicians, London, 266 gallstone pancreatitis, 208, 245 Rudolfinerspital, Vienna, 183, 185, 454, 456 transduodenal for pancreatic stone extraction, Rupture of the pancreas, 364-366, 382-384. See 276, 279, 288 also Pancreas, suturing, trauma transduodenal, to prevent reflux, 209 Rush Medical College, Chicago, 191-192 transduodenal, for gallstone extraction 287-288 Splanchnic nerve block by alcohol, phenol Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, 107, 285 291 Sainte-Margueritte Hospital, Marseille, 212 Splanchnic nerves, infiltration in acute Salivary gland, abdominal, 72, 90, 105 pancreatitis, 291 sublingual, submaxillary, 55 Splanchnicectomy for chronic pancreatitis, Salmonellosis,219 291 Samaritan Free Hospital, Edinburgh, 349 Splanchnicectomy in pancreatic cancer San Francesco Hospital Padua, 17-18 573-574 Sandostatin, 138 thoracoscopic bilateral, 291 Sanskrit, 99 Splanchnicectomy-sympathectomy for chronic Schaffhausen, 69-71 pancreatitis, 291 Schwannoma,423 SpleniC vein, resection during pancreatectomy, Scintigraphy of exocrine and endocrine tumors 468-469 of the pancreas, 614, 624 Splenoportal shunt, 520 Scirrhus, scirrhous, 169, 178,268-270,282, Splenoportography, 612 332-336,430 St. Bartholomew Hospital, London, 139 Scorpion, pancreatitis after sting, 220 St. George's Hospital, London, 562 Scritti medici di Alessandro Codlvilla (Putti and St. Thomas Hospital London, 562 Nigrosoli), 473 St. Petersburg, 85-87, 89, 111, 192,265,294, Secretin, 89-90, 92, 140,603,626 452,622 Secretin test for gastrinoma, 149 St. Vincent Hospital New York, 612-613 Secretin-producing tumors, 92 Stanford University, 89 Sedan, 47 Starch, digestion, 76, 79 Seldinger technique, 612 Staunton, Virginia IV/49 Sepulcbretum anatomicum (Bonet), 263 Stenting, endoscopic transpapillary, 575 Serotoninoma, 156 Stimulus-secretion coupling, 94 Sevelen, Switzerland, 189 Stockholm, 622-623 728 Stomach preservation in Thru-cut needle, 622 pancreaticoduodenectomy, 544. See also Tokyo Women's Medical College Hospital, 558, Subject Index Pancreatoduodenectomy, pylorus preserving 562 Stones, pancreatic, see Calcifications, Tolbutamide, 152 Pancreatitis, chronic Torino, Congress of Surgery in, 1898, 474 Stools, fatty, diagnostic value, 267, 272, 604 Toronto, 115-128 Strasbour,g, 25-27, 65, 107-108, 184, 197, 200, Toronto General Hospital, 115-116, 120-124, 465, 489 128 Strasbour,g, University, 27, 184 . Traite de la nature et de l'usage du sue Submaxillary duct, 7 pancreatique (de Graat), 31 Succession of anastomoses in Transplantation, of organs, 633-636 pancreatoduodenectomy, 544, 546-551 acute pancreatitis after, 216 Suet syndrome, 244, 321 of fetal pancreas, 650 Suizou Gapanese Pancreatic Journal), 689 of insulinoma in diabetics, 648 Suppuration, 228-229, 232-233, 236. See also of islet cells, 647-653 Infection, Abscess, Pancreatitis acute of minced pancreatic tissue, 640 Sur une disposition it sphincter speciale ... orthotopic, 641-642 (Oddi),42 of the pancreas in diabetics, 641-657 Surgery of the Pancreas (Cattell and Warren), renai,633,635-636 295-297 results, 646-647 Sweet bread, 14, technique, 642-643, 646 Sympathectomy for chronic pancreatitis, 221, Trasylol: see Aprotinin 291, 573 Trauma to the pancreas, 363-393: See also Syntagma anatomicum (Wesling), 15,29-30 Injuries Syphilis, as cause of chronic pancreatitis, 280 Treatise ofthe Liver and Pancreas (Lancereaux), Syracuse, 1 202 Syria, 103 Trendelenbur,g's operation, 462 Systeme ofAnatomy (Collins), 32 TrendeIenbur,g's position, 462 Trypsin, 76, 85, 88, 93, 196, 199, 596. See also Proteases Tabulae anatomicae Bartol.Eustachii, 9-10 defiCiency, congenital, 412 Tabulae anatomicae de unlversam fabricam radioimmunoassay, 596 humani corporis (Welsch), 30 Tuberculosis, of the pancreas, 218-219, 281 Tabulae intestini duodeni (Sandifort), 37 Tuberculous lymph nodes, resected for Taenia saginata, pancreatitis from, 215 pancreatic tumor, 465 Terrier's law, 457 Tumor markers, 604-605 Texas Cancer Center, Houston, 577 Tumor suppressor gene, 579 Textbook of topographic-surgical anatomy Tumors, pancreatic, 421-527, 511-590. See also Goessel), 171 Carcinoma, Pancreas carcinoma The American Pancreatic Association neuroendocrines, 137-150, 153 675-678 Tunisia,45 The discovery of insulin (Bliss), 123 Turin,612 The International Association of Pancreatology, Typhoid fever, 107 672-674 pancreatitis in, 219, 281 The Pancreas Club (American), 669-671 The Pancreas, its Surgery and Pathology (Mayo Robson and Cammidge), 365 mcer, gastric perforating into the pancreas, 463 The Surgery of Pancreatic Thmors peptic in gastrinoma, 141-145 (Brunsch~), 421 mm,229, 303, 306 '!be work of digestive glands (Pavlov), 87-88 mtrasonography (Ultrasound) of the pancreas, Tbeatrum anatomicum (Bauhin), 428 613 Theatrum anatomicum (Manget), 32 endoscopic, 613 Thesis of an new diverticulum near the Orifice· intraoperative, 136 .. (Vater), 38-39 laparoscopic, 623 Thiazides, acute pancreatitis from, 214 University of Basel, 26, 27, 70, 455 Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, University of Berlin, 445. See also Free University Philadelphia, 581 University of California Davis, 299 University of Chicago, 539 Vienna University, 322, 355 729 University of Heidelberg, 70-72, 75-76, Vim-Silverman needle, 622 183-184,402-403,466,504,560 VIP-oma, 151 Subject Index University of Indiana, 446 Vitamin K, 442-443, 450, 466, 479, 519-520, University of Kiel, 578 545, 450, 466 University of Lund, 206 Von Hippel-Lindau Disease, 347-348 University of Michigan, 301, 303, 473 University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 641, 645, 647-648 War, Franco-Prussian, 27-29, 191 University of Nagasaki, 565 War, Spanish-American, 190-191 University of Nebraska, Omaha, 673 Washington University, St.Louis, 203, 608-609 University of Nuremberg-Erlangen, 27 Watery diarrhea, 151. See also VIP-oma University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 203, WDHA-syndrome, 151 241-242, 444 Weil's disease, 219 University of Princeton, 521, 538 Wermer syndrome, 156 University of Prague, German, 184, 334-336 Whipple's triad, 134 University of Rosario, Argentine, 204 Wilhelmshaven, 208-209 University of South Carolina, Charleston, 669 Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma), 197 University of Strasbourg, 26-27, 107, 685 Wilson's disease, and acute pancreatitis, 217 University of Tokyo, 562, 618-619 Wirsng's imprints of the pancreas, 24-27 University of Vienna, 199, 322, 456 Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, 574, 635 Urine, quantity, sweetness, 99, 101-102 Wittenberg, 38, 170 Utrecht, 38 World War I, 115, 184, 445 treatment of pancreatic wounds, 374-377 World War II, 121,141, 238, 374-377 Vaccination against pox, 139 treatment of pancreatic wounds, 374-377 Vademecum anatomicum (Von Muralt), 30 Worms in the pancreas: See Ascaris Vagotomy Wiirzburg, 76, 80, 183, 327 for chronic pancreatitis, 146, 149, 444 for gastrinoma, 88 Vagus nerve, 86, 88 X-rays, introduction, 445-446. See also Valves of Heister, 38 Radiography Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), 93, 151 Venice, 15, 33-34, 36 Verner-Morrison syndrome, WDHA-syndrome, Yersinia, 219 151 Verona, 128 Veterans Administration Hospital Cleveland, 299 Ziegelstrasse Clinic, Berlin, 445 Veterans Administration Hospital, Sacramento, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 140, 147, 150. See 299 also Gastrinoma Vienna, 181, 184, 187-188, 198, 234, 320, 322, Zurich, 181,412,464,607 445, 450, 454, 456, 466 Zymogen granules in islets, 105