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Taiping Rebellion PMUNC 2017
Taiping Rebellion PMUNC 2017 Princeton Model United Nations Conference 2017 The Taiping Rebellion Chair: Nicholas Wu Director: [Name] 1 Taiping Rebellion PMUNC 2017 CONTENTS Letter from the Chair……………………………………………………………… 3 The Taiping Rebellion:.…………………………………………………………. 4 History of the Topic………………………………………………………… 4 Current Status……………………………………………………………….7 Country Policy……………………………………………………………… 9 Keywords…………………………………………………………………...11 Questions for Consideration………………………………………………...12 Positions:.………………………………………………………………………. 14 2 Taiping Rebellion PMUNC 2017 LETTER FROM THE CHAIR Dear Delegates, Welcome to PMUNC 2017! This will be my fourth and final PMUNC. My name is Nicholas Wu, and I’m a senior in the Woodrow Wilson School, pursuing certificates in American Studies and East Asian Studies. It’s my honor to chair this year’s crisis committee on the Taiping Rebellion. It’s a conflict that fascinates me. The Taiping Rebellion was the largest civil war in human history, but it barely receives any attention in your standard world history class. Which is a shame — it’s a multilayered conflict. There are ethnic, economic, and religious issues at play, as well as significant foreign involvement. I hope that you all find it as interesting as I do. On campus, I’m currently figuring out how to write my thesis, and I’m pretty sure that I’m going to be researching the implementation of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). I’m also involved with the International Relations Council, the Daily Princetonian, the Asian American Students Association, and Princeton Advocates for Justice. I also enjoy cooking. Best of luck at the conference! Please don’t hesitate to reach out if you have any questions. You can email me anytime at [email protected]. -
The Evil Trade That Opened China to the West
CHARM 2007 The Evil Trade that Opened China to the West Shirley Ye Sheng, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA Eric H. Shaw, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA CHINA’S PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE This paper examines the effects of the Opium Wars on the opening of trade with China during the mid 1800s. Also Having risen to the heights of a great civilization, examined are the economic, social and political believing her self the celestial center of the earth—the consequences of these wars. The lessons learned from the Middle Kingdom—with nothing to learn from foreigners, opium trade still shapes China’s world view and dealings China went into a self imposed isolation. This false sense of with the West. superiority was shattered by the Opium Wars of the nineteenth century, started by foreigners under the guise of trade who were anxious to steal the fabled riches of the INTRODUCTION Orient. These wars exposed China’s weak social, economic and political structures. The humiliation suffered in losing the Opium Wars forced China to learn from the West. Until the opium Wars, most Chinese believed that Subsequently, China has moved from a peasant economy to heaven was round and produced a circular projection on a a brief bout with capitalism in the early twentieth century, to square Earth. This circular projection on earth was China. political and economic communism at mid-century, to its Outside the circle, other countries made up the corners of current state—a mixed communist polity and capitalist square earth. People living in these foreign countries at the economy. -
A Brief Introduction to Changsha's Tourist Industry Changsha
A Brief Introduction to Changsha's Tourist Industry Changsha Changsha is rich in tourist resources because of its unique geographical location. Surrounding the city are the beautiful Yuelu Mountain, Dawei Mountain and Weishan Mountain, and the Xiangjiang River and Liuyang River flow across it. The Juzizhou scenic spot in the city is regarded as one of the eight most charming places in Hunan attracting both domestic and overseas visitors. The rapid social and economic development in Changsha has laid the foundation for the local tourism boom. In 1998, the city realized 54.285 billion yuan of GNP, which meant it, had reached its strategic goal ahead of schedule and that local residents enjoy a higher standard of living. Changsha is also among the 50 top Chinese cities in terms of general economic strength. Being the political, economic, scientific and technological, educational, cultural and transportation center in Hunan, Changsha is quite a large place occupying land of 11,800 sq.km. With a population of 5.63 million. Changsha is among the first group of Chinese cities which were selected as famous historical and cultural cities in the country and allowed to open-up to the outside world. Thus, it has become an important city in central China enjoying the fastest economic growth and immense vitality. A cradle of the ancient Chu and Xiang civilizations rooted in central China, Changsha was the hometown of many great figures in both ancient and modern history of China, including Qu Yuan,Jia Yi,Zhu Xi,Zeng Guofan, Mao Zedong and Liu shaoqi. The city boasts countless discoveries of historical and cultural values. -
Science and Technology in Modern China, 1880S-1940S
Science and Technology in Modern China, 1880s-1940s Edited by Jing Tsu and Benjamin A. Elman LEIDEN | BOSTON This is a digital offprint for restricted use only | © 2014 Koninklijke Brill NV Contents List of Figures vii Notes on Contributors ix Introduction 1 Jing Tsu and Benjamin A. Elman Toward a History of Modern Science in Republican China 15 Benjamin A. Elman Historiography of Science and Technology in China The First Phase 39 Iwo Amelung Disciplining the National Essence Liu Shipei and the Reinvention of Ancient China’s Intellectual History 67 Joachim Kurtz Science in Translation Yan Fu’s Role 93 Shen Guowei Chinese Scripts, Codes, and Typewriting Machines 115 Jing Tsu Semiotic Sovereignty The 1871 Chinese Telegraph Code in Historical Perspective 153 Thomas S. Mullaney Proofreading Science Editing and Experimentation in Manuals by a 1930s Industrialist 185 Eugenia Lean The Controversy over Spontaneous Generation in Republican China Science, Authority, and the Public 209 Fa-ti Fan Bridging East and West through Physics William Band at Yenching University 245 Danian Hu Periodical Space Language and the Creation of Scientific Community in Republican China 269 Grace Shen This is a digital offprint for restricted use only | © 2014 Koninklijke Brill NV vi Contents Operatic Escapes Performing Madness in Neuropsychiatric Beijing 297 Hugh Shapiro Index 327 Contents Notes on Contributors ix Introduction 1 Jing Tsu and Benjamin A. Elman Introduction 1 Toward a History of Modern Science in Republican China 15 Benjamin A. Elman 15 Historiography of Science and Technology in China 39 The First Phase 39 Iwo Amelung 39 Disciplining the National Essence 67 Liu Shipei and the Reinvention of Ancient China’s Intellectual History 67 Joachim Kurtz 67 Science in Translation 93 Yan Fu’s Role 93 Shen Guowei 93 Chinese Scripts, Codes, and Typewriting Machines 115 Jing Tsu 115 Semiotic Sovereignty 153 The 1871 Chinese Telegraph Code in Historical Perspective 153 Thomas S. -
Sino-US Relations and Ulysses S. Grant's Mediation
Looking for a Friend: Sino-U.S. Relations and Ulysses S. Grant’s Mediation in the Ryukyu/Liuqiu 琉球 Dispute of 1879 Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Chad Michael Berry Graduate Program in East Asian Studies The Ohio State University 2014 Thesis Committee: Christopher A. Reed, Advisor Robert J. McMahon Ying Zhang Copyright by Chad Michael Berry 2014 Abstract In March 1879, Japan announced the end of the Ryukyu (Liuqiu) Kingdom and the establishment of Okinawa Prefecture in its place. For the previous 250 years, Ryukyu had been a quasi-independent tribute-sending state to Japan and China. Following the arrival of Western imperialism to East Asia in the 19th century, Japan reacted to the changing international situation by adopting Western legal standards and clarifying its borders in frontier areas such as the Ryukyu Islands. China protested Japanese actions in Ryukyu, though Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) leaders were not willing to go to war over the islands. Instead, Qing leaders such as Li Hongzhang (1823-1901) and Prince Gong (1833-1898) sought to resolve the dispute through diplomatic means, including appeals to international law, rousing global public opinion against Japan, and, most significantly, requesting the mediation of the United States and former U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885). Initially, China hoped Grant’s mediation would lead to a restoration of the previous arrangement of Ryukyu being a dually subordinate kingdom to China and Japan. In later negotiations, China sought a three-way division of the islands among China, Japan, and Ryukyu. -
Part 7: Invasions, Rebellions, and the End of Imperial China Part 7 Introduction Pre-Modern Vs
Part 7: Invasions, Rebellions, and the End of Imperial China Part 7 Introduction Pre-modern vs. Modern When does modern Chinese history begin? Some say during the Opium War, the late 1830s and 1840s. Others date modern history from 1919 and the May Fourth Movement. In this course we take the 18th century, when the Qing was at its height, to begin modern Chinese history. Considering that modern history bears some relation to the present, what events signified the beginning of that period? In Europe, historians often chose 1789, the French Revolution. The signifying events, the transitional events, for China begin with its transition from empire to nation-state, with population growth, with the inclusion of Xinjiang and Tibet during the Qianlong reign, and with the challenges of maintaining unity in a multi-ethnic population. Encounter with the West In the 19th century this evolving state ran head-on into the mobile, militarized nation of Great Britain, the likes of which it has never seen before. This encounter was nothing like the visits from Jesuit missionaries (footnote 129 on page 208) or Lord Macartney (page 253). It challenged all the principles of imperial rule. Foreign Enterprise Today’s Chinese economy has its roots in the Sino-foreign enterprises born during these early encounters. Opium was one of its main enterprises. Christianity was a kind of enterprise. These enterprises combined to weaken and humiliate the Qing. As would be said of a later time, these foreign insults were a “disease of the skin.”165 It was the Taiping Rebellion that struck at the heart. -
American Protestant Missions in Nineteenth-Century China
Asian Intercultural Contacts American Protestant Missions in Nineteenth-Century China By George B. Pruden background: Religion and Trade European Catholics mounted the first systematic effort to convert Chinese to Christi- anity in the late sixteenth century. Their work was part of the Catholic Counter Refor- mation, but by 1750, the glory days were over. Jesuits such as Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) had not only won converts, but gained the respect of influential Chinese and even some emperors in the latter part of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and the early part of the Qing dynasty (1644– 1912). Their success stemmed in part from accommodating the tradition of venerating an- cestors (calling it a civil and not a religious prac- tice) and using Chinese terms to refer to God. A rival monastic order, though, had gained the Pope’s support in condemning those accommodations. This Rites Controversy came to a head during the early eighteenth century. After Pope Clement IX prohibited Chinese Christian converts from taking part in ancestor-veneration ceremonies in 1715, the Kangxi Emperor in 1721 banned all Christian preaching in China. Although Catholic missionaries remained in China, their numbers and influence dwindled. ithin a few decades of the decline of Catholic presence in China, western European merchants arrived in growing numbers, eager for trade. Silk and porcelain—at the time produced only in WChina—fed a growing appetite for chinoiserie among the European elite classes. Tea became a popular beverage, not only for the aristocracy, but also for their affluent, social-climbing imitators among the country gentry and urban merchant class. -
Commander's Corner
Generals Ward & Chennault & LT Helseth China Post 1® Poop Sheet Commander’s Corner By 龙老板 Scott Riebel, Commander Hello Comrades, I hope you all had a Merry Christmas and wishing you all a happy, healthy, and prosperous new year. On January 25th, we will ring in the year of the Rat. Each new year brings us new opportunities, and this year will be no different. The vision of the future of China Post 1 looks bright, the Post is fiscally sound, our membership renewal rate remains strong with nearly 90% of our members having renewed this year, and the Post enjoys the overwhelming support of the members for our shared vision of the future of the Post. Part of that vision is developing a sound relationship with the owners of the Old Post Home at 209 Fuzhou Lu, Shanghai and establishing a long-term sustainable Post presence in China. We’ve achieved tangible results in that arena. During the second week of December 2019, Joe Gentile and I traveled to China with the hopes of opening a dialog between the Director of Cultural resources, Shanghai, the U.S. Consulate and China Post 1. This edition of the Poop Sheet contains an abbreviated copy of our trip report detailing our efforts and successes. We will be returning in February to finalize plans for the Post to present the plaque celebrating our 100th anniversary, scheduled for April 20, 2020. We have invited several dignitaries including the C.E.O. of the Chennault Aviation Museum in Monroe, LA and granddaughter of Claire Chennault, Ms. -
ABSTRACT Liang Fa's Quanshi Liangyan and Its Impact on The
ABSTRACT Liang Fa’s Quanshi liangyan and Its Impact on the Taiping Movement Sukjoo Kim, Ph.D. Mentor: Rosalie Beck, Ph.D. Scholars of the Taiping Movement have assumed that Liang Fa’s Quanshi liangyan 勸世良言 (Good Words to Admonish the Age, being Nine Miscellaneous Christian Tracts) greatly influenced Hong Xiuquan, but very little has been written on the role of Liang’s work. The main reason is that even though hundreds of copies were distributed in the early nineteenth century, only four survived the destruction which followed the failure of the Taiping Movement. This dissertation therefore explores the extent of the Christian influence of Liang’s nine tracts on Hong and the Taiping Movement. This study begins with an introduction to China in the nineteenth century and the early missions of western countries in China. The second chapter focuses on the life and work of Liang. His religious background was in Confucianism and Buddhism, but when he encountered Robert Morrison and William Milne, he identified with Christianity. The third chapter discusses the story of Hong especially examining Hong’s acquisition of Liang’s Quanshi liangyan and Hong’s revelatory dream, both of which serve as motives for the establishment of the Society of God Worshippers and the Taiping Movement. The fourth chapter develops Liang’s key ideas from his Quanshi liangyan and compares them with Hong’s beliefs, as found in official documents of the Taipings. The fifth chapter describes Hong’s beliefs and the actual practices of the Taiping Movement and compares them with Liang’s key ideas. -
President Buchanan's Minister to China 1857-1858
WILLIAM B. REED: PRESIDENT BUCHANAN'S MINISTER TO CHINA 1857-1858 BY FOSTER M. FARLEY* A PRESIDENT'S administration is usually evaluated by some A great occurrence, good or bad, and other aspects of his term of office are forgotten. Martin van Buren and Herbert Hoover are generally charged with beginning the depressions of 1837 and 1929; Ulysses S. Grant and Warren G. Harding are usually thought of in connection with the various scandals and corruption during their administrations; and James Madison and James Buchanan with beginning the War of 1812 and the American Civil War. james Buchanan, the fifteenth President of the United States 'remains one of the least known statesmen of the American Nation."' According to Buchanan's latest biographer, Philip S. Klein, "many people remember Buchanan as the bachelor in the Ahite House who either caused the Civil War or who ought, some- how to have prevented it."2 Few people realize that the fifteenth President was singularly well qualified to occupy the White House. Born in 1791, a native of Pennsylvania, Buchanan graduated from Dickinson College in 1809. and was admitted to the bar three years later. With a good knowledge of the law, he served first in the Pennsylvania house arid then for the next ten years as Congressman. After serving as United States Minister to Russia from 1831-1833, he was elevated to the United States Senate.3 By 1844 he had be- come a leading contender for the Democratic nomination for President, and when James K. Polk was elected, the new Presi- dent appointed Buchanan Secretary of State mainly due to the *The author is Associate Professor of History at Newberry College. -
'Where We Would Extend the Moral
‘WHERE WE WOULD EXTEND THE MORAL POWER OF OUR CIVILIZATION’: AMERICAN CULTURAL AND POLITICAL FOREIGN RELATIONS WITH CHINA, 1843-1856 A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Mathew T. Brundage December 2015 © Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials Dissertation written by Mathew T. Brundage B.A., Capital University, 2005 M.A., Kent State University, 2007 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2015 Approved by ________________________________ Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Mary Ann Heiss, Ph.D. ________________________________ Kevin Adams, Ph.D. ________________________________ Gang Zhao, Ph.D. ________________________________ James Tyner, Ph.D. Accepted by ________________________________ Chair, Department of History Kenneth Bindas, Ph.D. ________________________________ Dean, College of Arts and Sciences James L. Blank, Ph.D. TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………….. iii LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………... iv PREFACE ………………………………………………………………... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………….. vii INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………… 1 CHAPTERS I. Chapter 1: China as Mystery ……………………………… 30 II. Chapter 2: China as Opportunity ..………………………… 84 III. Chapter 3: China as a Flawed Empire………………………146 IV. Chapter 4: China as a Threat ………………………………. 217 V. Chapter 5: Redefining “Success” in the Sino-American Relationship ……………………………………………….. 274 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………….. 317 APPENDIX………………………………………………………………… 323 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………. -
E Virgin Mary and Catholic Identities in Chinese History
e Virgin Mary and Catholic Identities in Chinese History Jeremy Clarke, SJ Hong Kong University Press e University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong www.hkupress.org © Hong Kong University Press 2013 ISBN 978-988-8139-99-6 (Hardback) All rights reserved. No portion of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed and bound by Goodrich Int’l Printing Co., Ltd. in Hong Kong, China Contents List of illustrations ix Acknowledgements xi Introduction: Chinese Catholic identities in the modern period 1 Part 1 Images of Mary in China before 1842 1. Chinese Christian art during the pre-modern period 15 Katerina Ilioni of Yangzhou 21 Madonna and Guanyin 24 Marian images during the late Ming dynasty 31 e Madonna in Master Cheng’s Ink Garden 37 Marian sodalities 40 João da Rocha and the rosary 42 Part 2 e Chinese Catholic Church since 1842 2. Aer the treaties 51 French Marian devotions 57 e eects of the Chinese Rites Controversy 60 A sense of cultural superiority 69 e inuence of Marian events in Europe 74 3. Our Lady of Donglu 83 Visual inuences on the Donglu portrait 89 Photographs of Cixi 95 Liu Bizhen’s painting 100 4. e rise and fall of the French protectorate 111 Benedict XV and Maximum Illud 118 viii Contents Shanghai Plenary Council, 1924 125 Synodal Commission 132 Part 3 Images of Mary in the early twentieth century 5.