Examination Guidelines for the Certification Process The American Board of Prosthodontics

Developed: January 20, 2020 Effective: January 20, 2020

This document represents the Guidelines as of the above listed dates, but is subject to change at the discretion of the American Board of Prosthodontics. The most current Guidelines are available on the American Board of Prosthodontics website (www.abpros.org). Interested parties are strongly encouraged to visit this online resource.

Contents of this document remain the property of the American Board of Prosthodontics.

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 1 Table of Contents

1. The American Board of Prosthodontics...... 5 3. Section A: Computerized Written 1.1 MISSION STATEMENT...... 5 Examination...... 17 1.2 GENERAL STATEMENT OF PURPOSE...... 5 3.1 SECTION A GENERAL INFORMATION...... 17 1.3 SPECIFIC GOALS OF THE ABP...... 5 1.4 IMPORTANCE OF BOARD CERTIFICATION.....6 4. Section B: Treatment-Based Presentations 1.5 PROTECTED HEALTH INFORMATION...... 6 and Oral Examinations...... 19 1.6 DEFINITIONS...... 6 4.1 SECTION B GENERAL INFORMATION...... 19 Prosthodontics...... 6 4.1.1 FERRULE, DENTAL CARIES, AND Maxillofacial Prosthetics ...... 6 EXISTING RESTORATIONS...... 20 ABP Section A Examination ...... 6 4.1.2 COMPREHENSIVE ABP Section B, Part 2 Examination ...... 7 PATIENT CARE...... 20 ABP Section B, Part 3 Examination...... 7 4.1.3 DENTAL CASTS ABP Section B, Part 4 Examination...... 7 AND ARTICULATION...... 21 ABP Section C Examination ...... 7 4.1.4 DIGITAL PROSTHODONTICS...... 21 ABP Section D Examination ...... 7 4.1.5 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE Postgraduate Student/Resident...... 8 SECTION B, PART 2 Prosthodontist...... 8 EXAMINATION...... 21 Candidate...... 8 4.1.6 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE Diplomate of the ABP...... 8 SECTION B, PART 3 1.7 CERTIFICATION FOR THE SPECIALTY OF EXAMINATION...... 22 PROSTHODONTICS...... 8 4.1.7 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SECTION B, PART 4 2. Certification & Recertification Processes...... 9 EXAMINATION...... 22 2.1 INQUIRIES AND GENERAL INFORMATION.....9 4.2 SECTION B PRESENTATION FORMATS...... 22 2.2 PATHWAYS TO CERTIFICATION AND 4.2.1 REQUIRED IMAGES FOR STIPULATIONS...... 9 SECTION B, PART 2 AND PART 3.....23 2.3 CANDIDATE QUALIFICATIONS FOR 1. Pre-treatment...... 23 EXAMINATION...... 10 2. Treatment...... 23 For Postgraduate Students/Residents...... 11 3. Post-Treatment...... 23 For Prosthodontists...... 11 4.2.2 REQUIRED IMAGES FOR SECTION B, 2.4 APPLICATION PROCEDURES...... 11 PART 4...... 23 2.5 APPLICATION, REAPPLICATION AND 1. Pre-Treatment...... 23 EXAMINATION FEES...... 12 2. Treatment...... 24 2.6 CHANGE OF LOCATION OR CONTACT 3. Post-Treatment...... 24 INFORMATION...... 12 4.2.3 REQUIRED CASTS AND DIES...... 24 2.7 REEXAMINATION...... 13 1. Removable Partial 2.8 APPEALS PROCESS...... 13 Prosthodontic and Fixed 2.9 REVOCATION OF CERTIFICATE...... 13 Prosthodontic Treatments...... 24 2.10 ANNUAL FEE...... 13 2. Removable Complete 2.11 CONTINUED PROFICIENCY OR Prosthodontic Treatment...... 24 RECERTIFICATION...... 13 4.2.4 REQUIRED RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGES...... 25

2 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top Table of Contents

4.3 SECTION B PART 2 EXAMINATION – Required Post-Treatment CHECKLIST...... 25 Photographic Images...... 30 Certification Process, Application, Required Removable Complete and Related Fees...... 25 Prosthodontic Casts...... 30 Required Pre-Treatment Required Removable Partial and Fixed Photographic Images...... 25 Prosthodontics Casts and Dies...... 30 Required Treatment Required Radiographic Images...... 31 Photographic Images...... 26 Additional Considerations ...... 31 Required Post-Treatment Photographic Images...... 26 5. Section C: Scenario-Based Oral Examination...... 33 Required Removable Partial and 5.1 SECTION C GENERAL INFORMATION...... 33 Fixed Prosthodontics Casts and Dies...... 26 Required Radiographic Images...... 26 6. Section D: Implant-Based Patient Presentation Additional Considerations...... 26 and Oral Examination...... 35 4.4 SECTION B PART 3 EXAMINATION – 6.1 SECTION D GENERAL INFORMATION...... 35 CHECKLIST...... 27 6.2 SECTION D REQUIREMENTS AND Certification Process, FORMAT OF PRESENTATION...... 36 Application, and Related Fees...... 27 Pretreatment photographic documentation The Part 3 Patient...... 27 of maxilla, mandible, and of anticipated Required Pre-Treatment surgical site...... 36 Photographic Images...... 27 Pre-treatment radiographic imaging, to Required Treatment include anticipated implant site(s)...... 36 Photographic Images...... 27 Treatment Documentation...... 36 Required Post-Treatment Post-treatment Intraoral Photographic Images...... 27 Photographic Images...... 36 Required Removable Partial and Fixed Post-treatment demonstration of Prosthodontics Casts and Dies...... 28 care consistent with comprehensive Required Removable Complete planning and treatment...... 36 Prosthodontic Casts...... 28 6.3 PRESENTATION LOGISTICS...... 37 Required Radiographic Images...... 28 6.4 THE 60-MINUTE SECTION D EXAMINATION Additional Considerations...... 28 TIMELINE...... 37 4.5 SECTION B PART 4 6.5 SECTION D EXAMINATION – CHECKLIST...... 38 EXAMINATION – CHECKLIST...... 29 Treatment Documentation...... 38 Certification Process, Post-treatment Intraoral Application, and Related Fees...... 29 Photographic Images...... 38 The Part 4 Patient...... 29 Post-treatment demonstration of Required Pre-Treatment care consistent with comprehensive Photographic Images...... 29 planning and treatment...... 39 Required Treatment Photographic Images...... 29

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 3 Notes ______

4 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top 1. The American Board of Prosthodontics 1

1.1 MISSION STATEMENT 1.2 GENERAL STATEMENT OF 1.3 SPECIFIC GOALS OF THE PURPOSE ABP The mission of the American Board of Prosthodontics (ABP 1. Assure that Diplomates or Board) is to certify individ- The ABP was organized by meet designated uals who have demonstrated the Academy of Denture knowledge and skill criteria, special knowledge and skills in Prosthetics, at the request and issue certificates prosthodontics. The ABP also of the American Dental to those individuals seeks to certify those who are Association, to: indicating that they meet committed to life-long learning the established criteria. and a lifetime of ethical prac- • advance the science and [Bylaws, Article II, Section 1 tices, who value the doctor/pa- art of prosthodontics by and Article VIII, Section 1] tient relationship, who respect encouraging its study and 2. Assure that Diplomates those with philosophical, cultur- improving its practice; maintain continued al, or physical differences, and • determine the eligibility of proficiency in who are committed to the ad- candidates within the regu- prosthodontics. [Bylaws, vancement of prosthodontics. lations for qualification for Article VIII, Section 4] examination; 3. Provide the public and The ABP recognizes its re- • conduct examinations to profession with information sponsibility to the profession determine the proficiency of regarding individuals who and to the public, and accepts applicants for certification are Board certified. [Bylaws, this responsibility through the as Diplomates; Article I, Section 2; Article administration of examinations • grant and issue Diplomate XII, Sections 1 and 2] designed to identify individuals certificates to successful 4. Encourage the specialty of with the knowledge, skills, and candidates; and prosthodontics to advance attributes deemed important • maintain a roster of itself through Board to those who will be called Diplomates for the general Certification. Diplomates of the ABP. information of the public, the dental and medical professions, dental schools, and health agencies.

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 5 1.4 IMPORTANCE OF BOARD 1.5 PROTECTED HEALTH 1.6 DEFINITIONS CERTIFICATION INFORMATION Prosthodontics Board Certification identifies The ABP is not a HIPAA Prosthodontics is the dental practitioners who have demon- covered entity and does not specialty pertaining to the strated specialty level ability act as a business associate to diagnosis, treatment planning, and succeeded in completing a examination candidates who are rehabilitation and maintenance rigorous evaluation process. The likely HIPAA covered entities. of the oral function, comfort, public is able to identify clini- For protection of candidates and appearance and health of pa- cians who have completed the their patients, the ABP requires tients with clinical conditions certification process and have removal or de-identification of associated with missing or demonstrated knowledge, skills all patient data (i.e., protected deficient teeth and/or maxillo- and values of an individual wor- health information or PHI). facial tissues using biocompati- 1. The American Board of Prosthodontics American Board 1. The thy of certification. Recognition Examples of PHI that may be ble substitutes. supports the unique abilities of encountered in this examination a practicing prosthodontist for include, but are not limited to, Maxillofacial Prosthetics the public. patient name or initials, birth Maxillofacial Prosthetics is date, dates of services, names of the branch of prosthodontics By recognizing clinicians who treatment providers, names or concerned with the restoration meet the standard for Board locations of treatment facilities and/or replacement of the Certification, the ABP also pro- or laboratories, treatment stomatognathic and craniofacial vides one of the critical aspects records that include therapeutic structures with prostheses that that define the specialty. Prost- technique, medical/dental and may or may not be removed on hodontics is defined by scope social histories, and full face a regular or elective basis. of practice, educational stan- images. It is recommended that dards, and clinicians in practice candidates acquire authorization ABP Section A Examination who meet the Board Certifica- from their patients to cover ABP Section A Examination is tion standard. The specialty is the disclosure of PHI. This a criterion-referenced exam- framed by the ADA Commission is particularly important for ination constructed through on Dental Education and Li- candidates treating patients in the coordinated efforts of ABP censure Definition, the Ameri- states where such disclosure directors and psychometric can College of Prosthodontists is strictly regulated. An experts. This computer-based Parameters of Care, the Com- executable authorization form is examination is given at region- mission on Dental Accreditation recommended. al testing centers and aims to Advanced Education Program measure the knowledge and Specialty Standards for Prost- Sample relative dimensions and skills of qualified candidates. A hodontics, and the ABP certify- orientations for cropping of resultant test score is a mea- ing examination guidelines and frontal and profile head views. sure of how well a candidate process leading to Board Certi- performs in relation to the test fied specialists, who are called items rather than the perfor- Diplomates. ABP efforts were mance of other candidates. and continue to be a critical The content of the examination part of the evolution of Prostho- gives due consideration to the dontics and its recognition as a Commission of Dental Accred- dental specialty. itation (CODA) Standards for

6 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top 1. The American Board of Prosthodontics Advanced Specialty Education consisting of at least fourteen consists of four sections: Programs in Prosthodontics. A (14) fixed prosthodontic units (1) diagnosis, (2) treatment detailed discussion of the Sec- restoring occlusal surfaces. At planning, (3) treatment, and tion A Examination is provided least six (6) fixed units must (4) prognosis, outcomes and later in this document. restore natural teeth. A detailed maintenance plan. Candidates discussion of the Section B, are assessed based on the ABP Section B, Part 2 Part 3 Examination is provided combined performance in Examination later in this document. all three examinations. Two ABP Section B, Part 2 examiners evaluate responses Examination is a criterion- ABP Section B, Part 4 for each clinically related referenced examination Examination scenario presented to the consisting of a 20-minute ABP Section B, Part 4 Exam- candidate using predetermined candidate-generated patient ination is a criterion-referenced questions structured to treatment presentation examination consisting of a evaluate the candidate’s depth immediately followed by a 20-minute candidate-generat- and breadth of knowledge 40-minute oral examination. ed patient treatment presenta- in prosthodontics and Total time for the examination tion immediately followed by related disciplines. A detailed is approximately one hour. a 40-minute oral examination. discussion of the Section C Patient treatment must include Total time for the examination Examination is provided later in a removable partial denture is approximately one hour. this document. (or partial denture obturator) Patient treatment must include in either arch and fabrication a complete denture, complete ABP Section D Examination of at least four (4) crowns overdenture, or complete ABP Section D Examination restoring natural teeth in denture obturator prosthesis is a criterion-referenced ex- either arch. Treatment cannot in one arch and any method of amination, one hour in length, involve a complete denture restoring the opposing arch. All consisting of three distinct or complete overdenture. A complete arch removable pros- elements: (1) a 20-minute detailed discussion of the theses fabricated for the Part candidate-generated patient Section B, Part 2 Examination 4 examination MUST demon- treatment presentation involv- is provided later in this strate bilateral (cross-arch) bal- ing a minimum of two den- document. anced articulation. A detailed tal implant treatments, (2) a discussion of the Section B, 20-minute oral examination ABP Section B, Part 3 Part 4 Examination is provided based on standardized, pre- Examination later in this document. determined questions, and (3) ABP Section B, Part 3 Exam- a 20-minute oral examination ination is a criterion-referenced ABP Section C Examination based on open questioning. examination consisting of a ABP Section C Examination The broad scope of implant 20-minute candidate-generated consists of three, highly dentistry serves as the focus of patient treatment presenta- objective, 20-minute oral oral examination during both tion immediately followed by examinations that are standardized- and open-ques- a 40-minute oral examination. completed during a one-hour tion examinations. A detailed Total time for the examination is period. The scenarios are based discussion of the Section D approximately one hour. Patient on patient treatment and Examination is provided later in treatment must include a fixed clinical presentations supplied this document. prosthodontic reconstruction by the ABP. Each scenario

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 7 Candidacy Designations 3. Candidate 1.7 CERTIFICATION FOR For the purposes of the ABP A postgraduate student/ THE SPECIALTY OF and these Guidelines, the resident or prosthodontist PROSTHODONTICS following designations are who is actively pursuing used, in part, to determine certification by the ABP.Prior By the authority of the Ameri- candidate status in the to examination, all candidates can Dental Association and the certification process: must submit an online Council on Dental Education, completed application at the ABP is empowered to issue 1. Postgraduate Student/ www.abpros.org and be certification in the specialty Resident approved by the ABP. of prosthodontics. Successful An individual in an advanced Candidates have six (6) certification attests to a den- specialty education program years from the date of initial tist’s knowledge, ability and in prosthodontics accredited application approval to proficiency in the specialty of 1. The American Board of Prosthodontics American Board 1. The by the Commission on Dental complete the certification prosthodontics. Accreditation in the United process. This period of States or Canada. Beginning examination candidacy may Individuals who meet qualifica- in the third year of formal be extended upon submission tions set forth in this document prosthodontic training, this of a new application at www. may become a candidate for individual may challenge: abpros.org, paying the certification by making formal associated fees, and approval application to the ABP. The • one (1) Section B by the ABP. ABP does not and shall not dis- patient presentation oral criminate on the basis of race, examination, and/or 4. Diplomate of the ABP color, religion (creed), sex, gen- • the Section A written A prosthodontist who has der identity (including gender examination in April. successfully completed the expression), sexual orientation, certification process and who age, national origin (ancestry), 2. Prosthodontist maintains good standing with disability, marital status, family/ A graduate of an advanced ABP policies and procedures. parental status, income status, specialty education program military/veteran status, political in prosthodontics accredited beliefs, or any other character- by the Commission on Dental istic prohibited by law in any of Accreditation (CODA) or its activities or operations. the Commission on Dental Accreditation of Canada (CDAC). A prosthodontist is educationally qualified and can apply for and challenge all sections of the ABP exam.

8 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top 2. Certification & Recertification Processes 2

2.1 INQUIRIES AND GENERAL • Required qualifications for • Pathway #1: Section A + INFORMATION candidates Section B (all 3 parts) • Creation of an account with • Pathway #2: Section A + For questions about the the ABP (https://abp.roc-p. Section B (any 2 parts) + examination process and com/Create-Account.aspx) Section C logistics that are not covered to initiate the registration • Pathway #3: Section A + in these Guidelines, email process Section B (any 2 parts) + [email protected]. These • Confirmation that the sub- Section D questions are directed to the mitted qualifying credentials immediate past-president of are complete Requirements and stipulations the ABP, formally serving as • Online payments related to related to successful execution the Board’s Chief Professional application for candidacy, of the ABP certification Officer.Please note that examination fees, dues, examination process include: the American Board of recertification, credential Prosthodontics will not provide verification, etc. • English is the official guidance regarding specific • Diplomate Inquiries: language of the ABP therapies. These matters must o Continuing education certification process. be determined and justified by course entry • Candidacy for examination the candidate in preparation o Recertification timing is established at the time of for and during the examination. o Dues payment amount application on the website and timing at www.abpros.org. For other questions contact • Other • The Section A written our Chief Operations Officer, at examination may be [email protected], direct phone 2.2 PATHWAYS TO challenged beginning in (651-290-7484), secure fax CERTIFICATION AND April of the third year (651-290-2266), or traditional STIPULATIONS of formal prosthodontic letter (American Board of training. Prosthodontics, 1000 Westgate In order to strategically navi- • A postgraduate Drive, Suite 252, St. Paul, MN gate the various ABP required student/resident whose 55114). These questions may examinations, candidates may prosthodontic education relate to: consider one of three possible extends beyond 3 years pathways to successful Board may take the Section A Certification: examination beginning in

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 9 the third year of formal Section D required criteria, 2.3 CANDIDATE prosthodontic training. the candidate may present QUALIFICATIONS FOR • All patients presented this patient therapy for EXAMINATION during Section B or Section both Section B and Section D examinations may D examinations during the A candidate for certification have been treated and same examination cycle or at examination by the ABP must: documented during formal different examination cycles. prosthodontic training. • Use of recording devices 1. Be a trained prosthodon- • Postgraduate students/ by the candidate, of any tist or be a prosthodontic residents may challenge kind, during any of the resident/graduate student any one part (2, 3 or 4) examinations, is strictly in the third year of formal of Section B examination prohibited. Cellular training. Candidates must beginning in the third year telephones, miniature provide evidence of sat-

2. Certification & Recertification Processes Recertification & 2. Certification of formal prosthodontic recording devices, or any isfactory completion, or training. instrument capable of anticipated completion, of • Candidates may not recording or transmitting advanced specialty edu- challenge the Section C information from the cation in prosthodontics examination or the Section examination room are not recognized and accredited D examination until after permitted. Likewise, any by the Commission on Den- completion of formal handwritten notes made tal Accreditation (CODA) or prosthodontics training. during the examination the Commission on Dental • The Section C and Section period must be provided Accreditation of Canada D examinations CANNOT to examiners at the end (CDAC). both be challenged during of each examination • Participants in an the same examination cycle. period. Should a candidate accredited postgraduate Once the Section C or the use a recording or prosthodontics program Section D examination transmitting device during (i.e., postgraduate has been successfully an examination or fail to students) undertake a completed, that candidate relinquish handwritten planned sequence of may not challenge the other notes made during an advanced courses and examination (see potential examination, that individual clinical training leading examination pathways on will be disqualified from to a Master’s or doctoral previous page). the examination in question degree concurrent with • If a candidate fails any and will forfeit all future a specialty certificate in aspect of the examination opportunities to challenge prosthodontics. process, but remains within the ABP examinations. • Participants in an the six (6) consecutive Examination security accredited graduate years of candidacy measures consistent with prosthodontics approval, application for industry standards and program (i.e., residents) reexamination on failed candidate compliance are undertake a planned examination is possible. monitored before, during sequence of advanced • If a candidate has and after all examinations. courses and clinical appropriately documented training leading to a a patient therapy that specialty certificate in fulfills both Section B and prosthodontics.

10 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top 2. Certification & Recertification Processes 2. Formal application For Prosthodontists 2.4 APPLICATION procedures involve 1. Candidacy can be PROCEDURES submitting a completed established any time, by application, including all formal application, after All applications and required required supplemental completion of an advanced documentation are submitted documentation, as specialty education online at www.abpros.org. described below (see 2.4 program. Any inquiries regarding the Application Procedures). 2. Candidate may challenge application process should Section A, B, and C or be submitted to the ABP For Postgraduate Students/ D exams (see potential Chief Operations Officer, via Residents examination pathways on email ([email protected]), via 1. Application can occur in the page 9) any time after traditional letter (American third year of training. establishing candidacy. Board of Prosthodontics, 1000 2. Candidate may challenge 3. As part of the online Westgate Drive, Suite 252, the Section A examination application, the St. Paul, MN 55114), or direct and one part of the Section candidate must upload a phone (651-290-7484) or B examination. notarized copy of his/her secure fax (651-290-2266). 3. As part of the online prosthodontics certificate. application, the candidate 4. Appropriate fees off For questions about the must upload a letter from the following schedule examination process or his/her postgraduate must accompany online logistics, not covered in these Program Director that applications: Guidelines, contact the ABP indicates: a. Application for Board Chief Professional Officer at a. the candidate is in the Candidacy — $250 [email protected]. third year (at least) of b. Application for Extension training; of Board Candidacy — PLEASE NOTE that the ABP b. the candidate is in good $250 and its Directors will not academic standing; and c. Section A Examination — address questions related c. the expected date $500 to Section B or Section D of graduation for the d. Section B Part 2 — patient selection, patient candidate. Examination $500 treatment decisions, or patient 4. Appropriate fees off e. Section B Part 3 — examination presentation. the following schedule Examination $500 Candidates must refer to must accompany online f. Section B Part 4 — the most current published applications: Examination $500 “Guidelines for the Certification a. Application for Board g. Section C Examination — Process” for appropriate Candidacy — $250 $500 answers to all questions. b. Section A Examination — h. Section D Examination — The American Board of $500 $500 Prosthodontics will not provide c. Section B Part 2 guidance regarding specific Examination — $500 therapies. Determination, d. Section B Part 3 justification, defense of specific Examination — $500 e. Section B Part 4 Examination — $500

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 11 therapies, and all related 2.5 APPLICATION, examination date will forfeit all matters, are the responsibility REAPPLICATION AND fees paid. of the candidate during the EXAMINATION FEES examination. If time has expired on Board There are application fees candidacy, the candidate must PLEASE ALSO NOTE that for candidacy and separate submit an online Application incomplete online forms fees for examination/ for Extension of Board or improperly notarized reexamination. The Candidacy at www.abpros.org documents will not be appropriate total fee must and pay the required $250 fee. considered by the ABP. If the accompany all applications. candidate feels that any item The fee schedule is as follows: If a candidate is unsuccessful on the application form must on any Section/Part of the be left blank or incompletely • Application for Board examination, but remains within

2. Certification & Recertification Processes Recertification & 2. Certification answered, a clearly detailed Candidacy — $250 the six (6) consecutive years of explanation for this lack of • Application for Extension of approval for Board candidacy, information must accompany Board Candidacy — $250 reapplication for that Section/ the application. All copied • Section A Examination/ Part is possible, and must diplomas and certificates Reexamination — $500 be accompanied by the submitted as proof of • Section B Part 2 appropriate fee, as listed above. professional status must be Examination/Reexamination notarized. — $500 2.6 CHANGE OF LOCATION OR • Section B Part 3 CONTACT INFORMATION ADDITIONALLY PLEASE NOTE Examination/Reexamination that the application deadline — $500 The ABP recognizes that, upon each year for the Section A • Section B Part 4 graduation, postgraduate examination is January 31. Examination/Reexamination students/residents are likely to The registration deadline — $500 relocate, and will most likely for the Section B, Section C, • Section C Examination/ have new contact information. and Section D examinations Reexamination — $500 Private practitioners, is 60 days prior to the • Section D Examination/ members of the military, scheduled examination date. Reexamination — $500 and academicians may also To register for an examination, occasionally relocate from individuals must first complete The appropriate total fee must one area to another. Once the candidacy application accompany applications for an application for candidacy process, including the required examination, or reexamination, has been completed and document upload, and be a at the time applications, and accepted by the ABP, it is the confirmed candidate. are submitted online. All fees responsibility of the candidate must be paid in United States to update personal contact dollars via credit card (provide all information via the ABP website requested credit card information at www.abpros.org. Under on the application form). no circumstances should the candidate complete a new, Candidates who withdraw separate application to continue from scheduled examinations the examination process. less than 60 days prior to the

12 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top 2. Certification & Recertification Processes 2.7 REEXAMINATION patient originally presented, Certification will be revoked if or (2) document, present the annual fee is six (6) months If a candidate is unsuccessful and defend a new patient delinquent. Payment is the on any element of the treatment. responsibility of the Diplomate. examination, reexamination is Diplomates delinquent in an- possible. Policies governing 2.8 APPEALS PROCESS nual fee payment will receive reexamination include the final notification from the ABP following: The ABP has a formal appeals Chief Operations Officer -ap process for concerns related to proximately one month prior • All reexaminations require administration or examination to the end of the 6-month online re-registration for scoring only. There is no appeals delinquency period. Delinquent the specific examination of process for concerns related Diplomates will not be listed on interest and online payment to examination execution or the ABP roster, nor will they be of appropriate fees. candidate performance. Details listed on the ABP website. • If a candidate presents related to appeals are available an acceptable Section B from the ABP Chief Operations 2.11 CONTINUED patient, but is unsuccessful Officer ([email protected]) upon PROFICIENCY OR in the oral phase of the request. RECERTIFICATION examination, the candidate may be required to 2.9 REVOCATION OF Maintenance of Diplomate complete a 40-minute CERTIFICATE status requires periodic oral-only reexamination at recertification. Certificates of a subsequent examination The ABP maintains the pow- Diplomate status are issued session. This reexamination er, jurisdiction, and right to for eight (8) year periods. will focus primarily on determine whether available All active Diplomates are the scope of the Section evidence is sufficient to con- required to undergo a process B examination that was stitute grounds for suspension of continued proficiency unsuccessful, but is open or revocation of certification (i.e., recertification) involving to questioning on all issued by the ABP. continuing education and a prosthodontics concepts recertification examination. The and related sciences. 2.10 ANNUAL FEE following details the continued • If a candidate is proficiency process that all unsuccessful on the The ABP issues time-limited Diplomates must undertake. patient presentation of certificates of eight (8) any Section B examination, years duration, after which Continuing Education the candidate cannot pass recertification is required. All Diplomates, except for that part of the Section B Holders of these certificates those with Life Diplomate examination. In order to (i.e., Diplomates) are required status, must obtain at least two be re-examined on that to pay an annual fee as hundred forty (240) continuing part of Section B, the determined by the ABP. Annual education hours over an eight candidate is required to: fees are payable to the ABP (8) year period. A maximum of (1) document, present and online at www.abpros.org sixty (60) hours per year may defend retreatment of the before February 1. be accumulated in fulfillment of the two hundred forty (240)

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 13 hour total. Hours may be Continuing education activity St. Paul, MN 55114), phone accrued in the following ways: is reported on the Diplomate (651-290-7484), or secure fax registration website www. (651-290-2266), indicating • Attendance by the abpros.org. All Diplomates are the desire to challenge the Diplomate at a scientific responsible for maintaining up- recertification examination in session sponsored by dated documentation of their the written format. A fee of a major prosthodontic continuing education activity. $250 is charged each time organization (6 hours per To periodically audit reporting the examination is challenged, day of session attendance).* accuracy, randomly chosen irrespective of format. • Attendance by the Diplomates are required to Diplomate at other furnish documentation to the Each examination consists of courses, conferences, or ABP supporting the continuing 25 multiple-choice questions meetings applicable to education activities reported. with associated literature

2. Certification & Recertification Processes Recertification & 2. Certification prosthodontics, preferably citations. Review of associated courses with “CERP” Recertification Examination literature citations is required approval (hours of meeting Successful completion of in order to answer questions. attendance).* an examination focusing on Results will be made available • Presentation by the contemporary prosthodontics to the Diplomate upon Diplomate of invited is required of Diplomates submission of the examination. professional prosthodontics wishing to maintain Active Upon successful completion of lectures or study club status. A recertification the examination, a certificate activities related to examination must be will be issued. prosthodontics (hours of successfully completed presentation).* within every eight (8) Each Diplomate may challenge • Article publication by the year recertification period. the examination repeatedly, Diplomate in peer-reviewed Successful completion of the upon payment of each separate professional journals. recertification examination examination fee, until a passing Abstract publications requires a score of 70% correct grade is achieved. Diplomates will not be accepted for or greater. Each subsequent must successfully complete the continuing education points eight (8) year cycle begins examination prior to expiration (12 hours per article).* with successful completion of a of their existing certification in • Prosthodontic book recertification examination. order to maintain Diplomate chapter publication by the status. It is the responsibility Diplomate (6 hours per The recertification examination of the Diplomate to ensure chapter).* will be administered online requirements for Recertification at https://abp.roc-p.com. If are met within the timeframe * A maximum of ninety-six (96) the Diplomate does not have required to maintain Active hours in an eight (8) year period internet access, he/she may Diplomate status. may be accrued from article and request a printed copy of the chapter publications, professional presentations, and study club examination from the ABP PLEASE NOTE: The ABP activities. Chief Operations Officer via assumes all Diplomates email ([email protected]), or challenging the recertification traditional letter (American examination will respect the Board of Prosthodontics, 1000 confidentiality of the process Westgate Drive, Suite 252, by not reproducing or sharing

14 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top 2. Certification & Recertification Processes contents. Although the recertification examination is offered in “open-book” format, it is expected that each Diplomate completing the recertification examination will do so independently and without external assistance beyond the literature citations provided. Recertification is a responsibility of the specialty of prosthodontics and each Diplomate is a representative of the specialty. Diplomates are expected to uphold the highest ethical standards of prosthodontics by not compromising the recertification examination.

Summary In order to maintain Active Diplomate status, all Diplomates, within each 8-year certification period, must:

1. Accumulate and maintain records demonstrating at least two hundred forty (240) hours of continuing education, and make these records available upon request by the Board; CE records can be maintained by the Diplomate, or en- tered via the existing ABP online portal. 2. Successfully complete (score 70% correct or greater) at least one (1) re- certification examination. 3. Section A:

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 15 Notes ______

2. Certification & Recertification Processes Recertification & 2. Certification ______

16 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top Computerized Written Examination 3.1 SECTION A GENERAL INFORMATION 3

The ABP Section A prosthodontics. Determination examination is a criterion- of and examination to the referenced examination broad scope and scientific 4. Section B: constructed through the basis of prosthodontics is the coordinated efforts of the responsibility of the ABP Board ABP and psychometric of Directors. The certification experts. This computer-based examination reflects, but is not examination is offered once limited to, the Commission of a year, usually early in April, Dental Accreditation (CODA) at PearsonVUE professional Standards for Advanced testing facilities located Specialty Education Programs throughout the United States in Prosthodontics. Current and internationally. Information standards may be found at on the computer-based testing https://www.ada.org/en/ process can be found at www. coda/current-accreditation- measurementresearch.com standards. In addition to these areas, questions from • Frequently asked current professional literature questions about computer- in prosthodontics and related based testing are clinical, laboratory and basic available at http://www. sciences contribute to the ABP measurementresearch.com/ test item database. testing/faq.shtml. • A sample examination Candidates are provided demonstrating comput- four(4) hours to complete the er examination processes Section A examination, which and test item formatting typically consists of two hun- is available at http://www. dred (200) multiple-choice measurementresearch.com/ questions that may require testing/tutorial.shtml. review of images, diagrams, or short videos appearing with The content of the examination the questions. reflects the broad scope and scientific basis for

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 17 Notes ______

3. Section A: Computerized Written Examination Written 3. Section A: Computerized ______

18 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top Treatment-Based Presentations and Oral Examinations For questions about the examination process or logistics that are not covered in these Guidelines, contact the ABP Chief Pro-

fessional Officer at exams@ two ABP examiners. In general: may be used4 as material for abpros.org. PLEASE NOTE, future ABP examinations. the ABP and its Directors will • Section B patient presenta- • During examinations, pre- not address questions related tions must be developed by sentations are made using to Section B patient selection, candidates as PowerPoint an ABP laptop (Apple) patient treatment decisions, or or Keynote presentations. computer connected to an patient examination presen- • Prior to the examination, ABP monitor provided in tation. Candidates must refer candidates will submit the examination room. to the most current published presentation and narra- • All digital images presented “Guidelines for the Certifica- tive files (PDF files are not by candidates must be tion Process” for appropriate acceptable) to the ABP on original images with answers to all questions. The a virus-free USB drive. The no alterations except American Board of Prost- candidate is responsible peripheral cropping. hodontics will not provide for confirming USB drive Presentation of images with guidance regarding specific compatibility with an Apple unauthorized alterations therapies. Determination, jus- computer. Failure to submit (including but not limited tification, and defense of spe- the presentation and nar- to “instant alpha” or similar, cific therapies and all related rative in proper format will background elimination, matters, are the responsibility result in candidate disqual- or like manipulations) of the candidate during the ification and forfeiture of will result in automatic examination. the examination fee. Specif- disqualification of the ic instructions for USB drive candidate and forfeiture of 4.1 SECTION B GENERAL submission will be provided the examination fee. INFORMATION to candidates prior to the • Each candidate must com- examination date. plete at least four (4) dental Each part of the Section B • Radiographs, as required by implants supporting fixed examination is conducted ABP Examination Guidelines, restorations in one or any over a one-hour time period. may be either film or digital, combination of the patient The examination begins with but must be of exceptional treatments within the Sec- an uninterrupted, 20-minute, resolution and quality. tion B examination. Either patient-treatment presentation • Once submitted, the USB photographic images or given by the candidate, imme- drive, its contents, and dental casts (gypsum, print- diately followed by a 40-min- radiographs become the ed, or milled) replicating all ute (approximate) oral exam- property of the Board and abutments for cement-re- ination conducted by a team of tained implant restorations

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 19 must be included in presen- sound preparation retention the primary focus of the oral tations that involve implant and resistance form, is examination; however, ques- treatment. unacceptable. tioning may include principles • Presentation of maxillofacial • Adequate circumferential and concepts related to the prosthetics patients in both ferrule (minimum of 1.5 broad scope of prosthodontics. Section B, Part 2 and Part 4 mm beyond the core res- is NOT permitted. toration) must be demon- 4.1.3 DENTAL CASTS AND • Candidates must have a strated photographically. ARTICULATION thorough understanding of • For existing restorations and all dental laboratory pro- caries, the candidate must: • Magnetic mounting plates cedures and are responsi- • remove all carious lesions; are the required method ble for the outcome of all • replace all existing fixed for securing casts to dental laboratory proce- prosthodontic founda- articulators for all patient dures used to completed tion restorations; and presentations. treatment. Laboratory work • be prepared to • All articulated diagnostic, authorization forms must justify the foundation working, and definitive be presented for all fixed, restoration and design casts must be accompa- removable, and supplemen- used, as well as the nied by the articulator used tal prosthodontic laboratory physical and chemical during patient treatment. work completed by a dental properties of the • All physical dies and working laboratory technician. associated materials. casts (printed, milled, or cast) 4. Section B: Treatment-Based Presentations & Oral Examinations & Oral Presentations 4. Section B: Treatment-Based associated with the fabrica- 4.1.1 FERRULE, DENTAL 4.1.2 COMPREHENSIVE tion of fixed prosthodontics CARIES, AND EXISTING PATIENT CARE restorations must be available RESTORATIONS during the examination and Candidates must perform all properly mounted in a physi- The strategic presence of sound clinical prosthodontic and cal (not virtual) articulator. coronal tooth structure is nec- restorative procedures for all essary to establish adequate Section B patient treatments. 4.1.4 DIGITAL preparation resistance and Candidates are responsible for PROSTHODONTICS retention form. For all indirect comprehensive patient care, coronal restorations, retention and will be evaluated on the Digital technologies may be and resistance form of tooth quality of diagnosis, treatment used during the treatment of preparations must be appro- planning, alternative treatment patients presented for Section priately provided primarily by considerations, and treatment B examinations. Candidates sound tooth structure supple- provided to the patient, in- must be prepared to provide mented by correctly designed cluding justification ofall care evidence-based support for core restorations. Therefore: provided and/or not provided any patient treatment methods by other dentists. Candidates used, digital or otherwise. The • Reliance on dentin bonding must be prepared to justify following guidelines must be as the sole means of core treatment rendered and tech- considered when digital tech- retention is unacceptable. niques/materials used, as well nologies are used during the • Reliance on dentin as rationale for not managing treatment of patients presented bonding as the sole means pre-existing conditions and for Section B examination. All of coronal restoration restorations if such is the case. required documentation for the retention, in the absence of Patient treatments will serve as Section B examinations remains

20 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top 4. Section B: Treatment-Based Presentations & Oral Examinations the same, regardless of the in- assessing definitive occlusal that these crowns restore corporation of digital processes. relationships for all ABP removable partial denture • It is appropriate that the examinations. Articulation abutments. candidate consider appli- presented on the physical • Implants supporting cation of digital technology casts must visually corre- removable partial during patient management spond to all required clinical overdentures DO NOT fulfill when such technology: (1) images presented during the global ABP requirement augments otherwise avail- the examination. for “4 implants supporting able diagnostic information • Semi-adjustable or highly-ad- fixed restorations.” and diagnostic assessment, justable articulators may be and/or (2) when it improves used to demonstrate re- 4.1.6 REQUIREMENTS FOR therapeutic logistics and/or quired articulation as indicat- THE SECTION B, PART 3 quality of care. Depending ed for the patient situation. EXAMINATION on patient needs, this may • Digital complete denture include, but not be limited protocols may be used for the • Fixed prosthodontic to, procedures associated Section B, Part 4 examination. treatment comprising at with diagnosis, virtual plan- However, physical (not virtual) least fourteen (14) fixed ning, implant placement, casts must be presented to prosthodontics units interim restoration, defini- satisfy all applicable require- restoring articulating tive prosthodontic care, and ments of the Section B, Part occlusal surfaces. maintenance. 4 examination. Physical (not • At least six (6) of these • Intraoral or laboratory digi- virtual) trial dentures must be fixed prosthodontics units tal surface scan technology present in all required clinical must restore natural teeth. must be selected and ap- and laboratory images and plied in a manner consistent articulations. 4.1.7 REQUIREMENTS FOR with optimal fabrication of THE SECTION B, PART 4 clinically acceptable interim 4.1.5 REQUIREMENTS FOR EXAMINATION and definitive prostheses. THE SECTION B, PART 2 • When digital surface scans EXAMINATION • At least one complete are used to render definitive denture, complete overden- information for examination, • A removable partial denture ture, or complete denture diagnosis, treatment plan- or a removable partial ob- obturator prosthesis restor- ning, and/or direct patient turator prosthesis in either ing one arch. Specifically, care, Section B documen- arch. Presentation of maxil- removable prosthodontic tation requirements must lofacial prosthetics patients options for this examination be satisfied with diagnostic in both Part 2 and Part 4 is include any of the following: quality physical casts (print- NOT permitted. • complete denture op- ed, milled, or poured) appro- • Treatment CANNOT include posing a complete den- priately mounted in a physi- a complete denture or com- ture; or cal (not virtual) articulator. plete overdenture. However, • complete denture or • Physical (not virtual) articu- removable partial overden- complete overdenture lation using a programmed tures supported by natural opposing an overden- physical (not virtual) artic- teeth or dental implants ture (overdentures may ulator is the standard for may be included. be supported and/or • At least four (4) crowns retained by natural teeth restoring natural teeth in or dental implants); or either arch. Unless clinically • complete denture, indicated, it is NOT required complete overdenture,

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 21 or complete obturator veloped and presented by the radiographs depicting prosthesis opposing candidate, immediately followed pre- and post-treatment natural teeth or any by a 40-minute (approximate) conditions of teeth and method of restoring the oral examination conducted by implants, when included. opposing arch. a team of two ABP examiners. • A copy of all dental labora- tory authorizations forms. The patient’s opposing arch may Oral Section B patient presen- consist of any combination of tations must be delivered to ex- 4.2.1 REQUIRED IMAGES FOR natural unrestored or restored aminers in the following order: SECTION B, PART 2 teeth, implant restorations, or AND PART 3 removable prostheses. The 1. Health History and Chief candidate is responsible for, and Complaint At minimum, images for the will be evaluated on, compre- 2. Clinical Findings Part 2 and Part 3 treatments hensive care of the patient. As 3. Diagnosis must clearly show: such, dental restoration of the 4. Treatment Plan opposing arch, and dental ther- 5. Treatment 1. Pre-treatment apy provided or required in the 6. Completed Treatment • Full-head (cropped to elim- opposing arch, are the responsi- 7. Prognosis, Outcomes, and inate eyes and above; see bility of the candidate. Maintenance Plan examples in Chapter 1), up- right posture, repose (front NOTE: All complete arch remov- Digital presentations should be and profile views) 4. Section B: Treatment-Based Presentations & Oral Examinations & Oral Presentations 4. Section B: Treatment-Based able prostheses fabricated for populated by well composed, • Full-head (cropped to the Part 4 examination MUST properly focused, color im- eliminate eyes and above; demonstrate bilateral (cross- ages. There is no limit to the see examples in Chapter 1), arch) balanced articulation. number of images that can be upright posture, smile (front included in the presentation, and profile views) Presentation of maxillofacial but candidates must complete • Teeth in maximal intercus- prosthetic patients in both Part their verbal/visual presentation pal position (front, left side, 2 and Part 4 is not permitted. within the allotted 20-minute and right side views) time period. Only one image • Teeth in laterotrusion and Implants supporting may be included per screen mediotrusion (left side and overdentures will not fulfill the with exceptions noted below. right side views) global ABP requirements for • Teeth in protrusion (front, left “4 implants supporting fixed For all Section B examinations, side, and right side views) restorations.” candidates must provide the • Maxillary and mandibular following to the ABP: arches (occlusal views) 4.2 SECTION B • The original PowerPoint or • Complete mouth periapical PRESENTATION FORMATS Keynote patient treatment and bitewing radiographs presentation (PDF files won’t • Panoramic radiograph Each Part of the Section B be accepted) on a USB drive. • For Part 2 presentations, if examination is conducted over • The narrative (Microsoft Word the patient is edentulous a one-hour time period. The or Pages for Mac format). in one arch, the maximal examination begins with an • A complete series of intercuspal position, latero- uninterrupted, 20-minute, pa- periapical and bitewing trusion, mediotrusion and tient-treatment presentation de- protrusion images should be made with the pre-exist-

22 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top 4. Section B: Treatment-Based Presentations & Oral Examinations ing complete denture pros- 4 treatment must clearly show: right side views) thesis in place. If the patient • Trial denture on articulator presented with no complete 1. Pre-Treatment (front, left side, right side, denture prosthesis, these • Full-head (cropped to elimi- maxillary occlusal, and images are not required. nate eyes and above; see ex- mandibular occlusal views) amples in Chapter 1), upright 2. Treatment posture, repose, no dental 3. Post-Treatment • Tooth preparations prosthesis (front and profile • Maxillary and mandibular (occlusal view) views); if the patient was arches without the prosthesis • Tooth preparations (front, left wearing removable dental (occlusal views), if implants side, and right side views) prostheses when they pre- or natural teeth are present • Interim restorations (front, sented for treatment, pro- • Completed prostheses (in- left side, and right side views) vide the same images with taglio surface views) • Final impressions that prostheses in place. • Prostheses in place, teeth in • Full-head (cropped to maximal intercuspal posi- 3. Post-Treatment eliminate eyes and above; tion (front, left side, and • Same series of images as see examples in Chapter 1), right side views) defined for pre-treatment upright posture, smile, no • Laterotrusion and medi- above dental prosthesis (front and otrusion (left side and right • At the end of the presenta- profile views); if the patient side views) tion, include 4 slides depict- was wearing removable • Teeth in protrusion (front, left ing a series of full-head im- dental prostheses when side, and right side views) ages (cropped to eliminate they presented for treat- • At the end of the presenta- eyes and above; see exam- ment, provide the same im- tion, include 4 slides depict- ples in Chapter 1) arranged ages with that prostheses in ing a series of full-head im- as follows: place. ages (cropped to eliminate a. Slide 1 — side-by-side • Maxillary and mandibular eyes and above; see exam- (pre-treatment and post edentulous or partially eden- ples in Chapter 1) arranged treatment), repose, front tulous ridges (occlusal views) as follows: views • Maxillary and mandibu- a. Slide 1 — side-by-side b. Slide 2 — side-by-side lar ridges at approximate (old prostheses, no pros- (pre-treatment and post occlusal vertical dimension theses, new prostheses), treatment), repose, pro- (front view) repose, front views file views • Complete mouth periapical b. Slide 2 — side-by-side c. Slide 3 — side-by-side radiographic series or pan- (old prostheses, no pros- (pre-treatment and post oramic radiographic theses, new prostheses), treatment), smile, front repose, profile views views 2. Treatment c. Slide 3 — side-by-side d. Slide 4 — side-by-side • Border molded impression (old prostheses, no pros- (pre-treatment and post trays (intaglio surface view) theses, new prostheses), treatment), smile, profile • Final impressions (intaglio smile, front views views surface view) d. Slide 4 — side-by-side • The intraoral technique and (old prostheses, no pros- 4.2.2 REQUIRED IMAGES FOR materials used to record theses, new prostheses), SECTION B, PART 4 maxillomandibular relation- smile, profile views ships (front, left side, and At a minimum, images for Part

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 23 conjunction with the Radiographs may be film- IMPORTANT NOTE: If the removable prosthodontic based or digital images, must patient presents for treatment treatment be of high resolution, excep- and does not possess, or is not tional diagnostic quality, and wearing removable prostheses, If the candidate fails to present must include: all images requiring existing (or all required documentation not- • Mounted periapical and “old”) removable prostheses to ed here, they will be disquali- bitewing pre-treatment and be in place are not required. fied from the examination and post-treatment complete will forfeit the examination fee. mouth radiographs/images 4.2.3 REQUIRED CASTS & DIES This will require the candidate of all teeth and implants to return at a future date to re- • Panoramic radiograph The following casts and dies peat the examination Section in (pre-treatment and must be presented: question and pay the appropri- post-treatment) ate fee for repeat examination. 1. Removable Partial All images become the prop- Prosthodontic and Fixed All articulated diagnostic, erty of, and will be retained by, Prosthodontic Treatments working, and definitive casts the ABP. • Pre-treatment and post- must be accompanied by the treatment articulated casts articulator used during patient Missing documents, images, ra- • Articulated casts with diag- treatment. All dies and work- diographs, records, articulators, nostic patterns ing casts (gypsum, printed, or casts, dies, or any other mate- 4. Section B: Treatment-Based Presentations & Oral Examinations & Oral Presentations 4. Section B: Treatment-Based • Articulated working casts/ milled) used to fabricate fixed rials required by the ABP will dies prosthodontics restorations result in disqualification from • Duplicate master cast for must be available during the ex- the examination and forfeiture RPD framework fabrication amination and properly mount- of the examination fee. with RPD design drawn on ed in the articulator used for 4.3 SECTION B PART 2 EX- cast (must be surveyed and restoration fabrication. If digital AMINATION – CHECKLIST tripoded) workflow is used, articulated gypsum, milled, or printed casts 2. Removable Complete and dies must be presented. Prosthodontic Treatment • Pre-treatment articulated 4.2.4 REQUIRED casts of edentulous or par- RADIOGRAPHIC tially edentulous ridges at the IMAGES occlusal vertical dimension • Post-treatment articulated casts of completed prostheses • Duplicate master casts • Working casts/dies for any fixed prosthodontic restorations used in

24 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top SECTIONSECTION B B PARTPART 2 2 CHECKLISTCHECKLIST Certification Process, Application, and Related Fees: m Review Chapter 2 of Examination Guidelines for the Certification Process.

The Part 2 Patient: m The candidate will provide a PowerPoint or Keynote presentation depicting therapy involving a removable partial denture or a removable partial obturator prosthesis in either arch. However, presentation of maxillofacial prosthetics patients in both Part 2 and Part 4 is NOT permitted.

• Treatment CANNOT include a complete denture or complete overdenture. However, remov- able partial overdentures supported by natural teeth or dental implants may be included. • At least four (4) crowns restoring natural teeth in either arch. Unless clinically indicated, it is NOT required that these crowns restore removable partial denture abutments. • Implants supporting removable partial overdentures DO NOT fulfill the global ABP require- ment for “4 implants supporting fixed restorations.”

IMPORTANT: Presentation of maxillofacial prosthetic patients in both Part 2 and Part 4 is NOT permitted.

Required Pre-Treatment Photographic Images: m Full-head (cropped to eliminate eyes and above; see examples in Chapter 1), upright posture, re- pose (front and profile views) m Full-head (cropped to eliminate eyes and above; see examples in Chapter 1), upright posture, smile (front and profile views) m Teeth in maximal intercuspal position (front, left side, and right side views) m Teeth in laterotrusion and mediotrusion (left side and right side views) m Teeth in protrusion (front, left side, and right side views) m Maxillary and mandibular arches (occlusal views) m Complete mouth periapical and bitewing radiographs m Panoramic radiograph m For Part 2 presentations, if the patient is edentulous in one arch, the maximal intercuspal position, laterotrusion, mediotrusion and protrusion images should be made with the pre-existing complete denture prosthesis in place. If the patient presented with no complete denture prosthesis, these images are not required.

Required Treatment Photographic Images: m Tooth preparations (occlusal view) m Tooth preparations (front, left side, and right side views) m Interim restorations (front, left side, and right side views) m Final impressions

Required Post-Treatment Photographic Images: m Same series of images as defined for pre-treatment above m At the end of the presentation, include 4 slides depicting a series of full-head images (cropped to

Checklist continues on next page.

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 25 SECTION B PART 2 4.3 SECTION B PART 2 EXAMINATION – CHECKLIST CHECKLIST

eliminate eyes and above; see examples in Chapter 1) arranged as follows: • Slide 1: side-by-side (old prostheses, no prostheses, new prostheses), repose, front views • Slide 2: side-by-side (old prostheses, no prostheses, new prostheses), repose, profile views • Slide 3: side-by-side (old prostheses, no prostheses, new prostheses), smile, front views • Slide 4: side-by-side (old prostheses, no prostheses, new prostheses), smile, profile views

Required Removable Partial and Fixed Prosthodontics Casts and Dies: m Pre-treatment and post-treatment articulated casts m Articulated casts with diagnostic patterns m Articulated working casts/dies m Duplicate master cast for RPD framework fabrication with RPD design drawn on cast (must be surveyed and tripoded)

Required Radiographic Images Radiographs may be film-based or digital images, must be of high resolution, exceptional diagnostic quality, and must include: m Mounted periapical and bitewing pre- and post-treatment complete mouth radiographs/images of all teeth and implants m Panoramic radiograph (pre-treatment and post-treatment)

Additional Considerations (review Chapter 4, Section 4.1 of Examination Guidelines for the Certification Process): m Patient and treatment presentation to examiners. m Dental implant requirement for the Section B examination. m Completion of clinical procedures and comprehensive patient care. m Direct operative and foundation restorations. m Resistance/retention form and ferrule. m Dental casts and articulation. m Appropriate incorporation of digital technology in the examination process.

PLEASE NOTE: This checklist is not intended to contain all information required for this examination. The candidate is encouraged to thoroughly review the entire Examination Guidelines for the Certification Process in preparation for the examination.

4.4 SECTION B PART 3 EXAMINATION – CHECKLIST

26 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top SECTION B PART 3 CHECKLIST Certification Process, Application, and Related Fees: m Review Chapter 2 of Examination Guidelines for the Certification Process.

The Part 3 Patient: m The candidate will provide a PowerPoint or Keynote presentation depicting fixed prosthodontic treatment comprising at least fourteen (14) fixed prosthodontics units restoring articulating occlusal surfaces. At least six (6) of these fixed prosthodontics units must restore natural teeth.

IMPORTANT: Implants supporting overdentures DO NOT fulfill the global ABP requirement for “4 implants supporting fixed restorations.”

Required Pre-Treatment Photographic Images: m Full-head (cropped to eliminate eyes and above; see examples in Chapter 1), upright posture, repose (front and profile views) m Full-head (cropped to eliminate eyes and above; see examples in Chapter 1), upright posture, smile (front and profile views) m Teeth in maximal intercuspal position (front, left side, and right side views) m Teeth in laterotrusion and mediotrusion (left side and right side views) m Teeth in protrusion (front, left side, and right side views) m Maxillary and mandibular arches (occlusal views) m Complete mouth periapical and bitewing radiographs m Panoramic radiograph m If the patient is edentulous in one arch, the maximal intercuspal position, laterotrusion, mediotrusion and protrusion images should be made with the pre-existing complete denture prosthesis in place. If the patient presented with no complete denture prosthesis, these images are not required.

Required Treatment Photographic Images: m Tooth preparations (occlusal view) m Tooth preparations (front, left side, and right side views) m Interim restorations (front, left side, and right side views) m Final impressions

Required Post-Treatment Photographic Images: m Same series of images as defined for pre-treatment above m At the end of the presentation, include 4 slides depicting a series of full-head images (cropped to eliminate eyes and above; see examples in Chapter 1) arranged as follows: • Slide 1: side-by-side (old prostheses, no prostheses, new prostheses), repose, front views • Slide 2: side-by-side (old prostheses, no prostheses, new prostheses), repose, profile views • Slide 3: side-by-side (old prostheses, no prostheses, new prostheses), smile, front views • Slide 4: side-by-side (old prostheses, no prostheses, new prostheses), smile, profile views

IMPORTANT: • If the patient presents for treatment and does not possess, or is not wearing removable prosthe- ses, all images requiring existing (or “old”) removable prostheses to be in place are not required. • Digital presentations should be populated by well composed, properly focused, color images. • There is no limit to the number of images that can be included in the presentation, but can- didates must complete their verbal/visual presentation within the allotted 20-minute time

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 27 SECTION B PART 3 4.4 SECTION B PART 3 EXAMINATION – CHECKLIST CHECKLIST

period. • All digital images presented by candidates must be original images with no alterations ex- cept peripheral cropping. Presentation of images with unauthorized alterations (including but not limited to “instant alpha” or similar, background elimination, or like manipulations) will result in automatic disqualification of the candidate and forfeiture of the examination fee.

Required Removable Partial and Fixed Prosthodontics Casts and Dies: m Pre-treatment and post-treatment articulated casts m Articulated casts with diagnostic patterns m Articulated working casts/dies m Duplicate master cast for RPD framework fabrication with RPD design drawn on cast (must be surveyed and tripoded)

Required Removable Complete Prosthodontic Casts: m Pre-treatment articulated casts of edentulous ridge at the occlusal vertical dimension m Post-treatment articulated casts of completed prosthesis m Duplicate edentulous master casts m Working casts/dies for any fixed prosthodontic restorations used in conjunction with removable prosthodontic treatment

Required Radiographic Images Radiographs may be film-based or digital images, must be of high resolution, exceptional diagnos- tic quality, and must include: m Mounted periapical and bitewing pre- and post-treatment complete mouth radiographs/images of all teeth and implants m Panoramic radiograph (pre-treatment and post-treatment)

Additional Considerations (review Ch. 4 Sect. 4.1 of Examination Guidelines for the Certification Process): m Patient and treatment presentation to examiners. m Dental implant requirement for the Section B examination. m Completion of clinical procedures and comprehensive patient care. m Direct operative and foundation restorations. m Resistance/retention form and ferrule. m Dental casts and articulation. m Appropriate incorporation of digital technology in the examination process.

PLEASE NOTE: This checklist is not intended to contain all information required for this examination. The candidate is encouraged to thoroughly review the entire Examination Guidelines for the Certification Processin preparation for the examination.

4.5 SECTION B PART 4 EXAMINATION – CHECKLIST

28 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top SECTION B PART 4 CHECKLIST

Certification Process, Application, and Related Fees: m Review Chapter 2 of Examination Guidelines for the Certification Process.

The Part 4 Patient: m The candidate will provide a PowerPoint or Keynote presentation depicting therapy using at least one complete denture, complete overdenture, or complete denture obturator prosthesis restoring one arch. Specifically, removable prosthodontic options for this examination include any of the following: • complete denture opposing a complete denture; or • complete denture or complete overdenture opposing an overdenture (overdentures may be supported and/or retained by natural teeth or dental implants); or • complete denture, complete overdenture, or complete obturator prosthesis opposing natural teeth or any method of restoring the opposing arch.

The patient’s opposing arch may consist of any combination of natural unrestored or restored teeth, implant restorations, or removable prostheses.

IMPORTANT: • All complete arch removable prostheses fabricated for the Part 4 examination MUST demonstrate bilateral (cross-arch) balanced articulation. • Presentation of maxillofacial prosthetic patients in both Part 2 and Part 4 is NOT permitted. • Implants supporting overdentures DO NOT fulfill the global ABP requirement for “4 implants supporting fixed restorations.”

Required Pre-Treatment Photographic Images: m Full-head (cropped to eliminate eyes and above; see examples in Chapter 1), upright posture, repose, no dental prosthesis (front and profile views); if the patient was wearing removable dental prostheses when they presented for treatment, provide the same images with prostheses in place m Full-head (cropped to eliminate eyes and above; see examples in Chapter 1), upright posture, smile, no dental prosthesis (front and profile views); if the patient was wearing removable dental prostheses when they presented for treatment, provide the same images with prostheses in place m Maxillary and mandibular edentulous or partially edentulous ridges (occlusal views) m Maxillary and mandibular ridges at approximate occlusal vertical dimension (front view) m Complete mouth periapical radiographic series or panoramic radiographic

Required Treatment Photographic Images: m Border molded impression trays (intaglio surface view) m Final impressions (intaglio surface view) m Intraoral technique and materials used to record maxillomandibular relationships (front, left side, and right side views) m Trial denture on articulator (front, left side, right side, maxillary occlusal, and mandibular occlusal views) Required Post-Treatment Photographic Images: m Maxillary and mandibular arches without the prosthesis (occlusal views), if implants or natural teeth are present

Checklist continues on next page.

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 29 SECTION B PART 4 4.5 SECTION B PART 4 EXAMINATION – CHECKLIST CHECKLIST

m Completed prostheses (intaglio surface views) m Prostheses in place, teeth in maximal intercuspal position (front, left side, and right side views) m Laterotrusion and mediotrusion (left side and right side views) m Teeth in protrusion (front, left side, and right side views) m At the end of the presentation, include four(4) slides depicting a series of full-head images (cropped to eliminate eyes and above; see examples in Chapter 1) arranged as follows:

• Slide 1: side-by-side (old prostheses, no prostheses, new prostheses), repose, front views • Slide 2: side-by-side (old prostheses, no prostheses, new prostheses), repose, profile views • Slide 3: side-by-side (old prostheses, no prostheses, new prostheses), smile, front views • Slide 4: side-by-side (old prostheses, no prostheses, new prostheses), smile, profile views

IMPORTANT: • If the patient presents for treatment and does not possess, or is not wearing removable pros- theses, all images requiring existing (or “old”) removable prostheses to be in place are not required. • Digital presentations should be populated by well composed, properly focused, color images. • There is no limit to the number of images that can be included in the presentation, but can- didates must complete their verbal/visual presentation within the allotted 20-minute time period. • All digital images presented by candidates must be original images with no alterations except peripheral cropping. Presentation of images with unauthorized alterations (including but not limited to “instant alpha” or similar, background elimination, or like manipulations) will result in automatic disqualification of the candidate and forfeiture of the examination fee.

Required Removable Complete Prosthodontic Casts: m Pre-treatment articulated casts of edentulous or partially edentulous ridges at the occlusal vertical dimension m Post-treatment articulated casts of completed prostheses m Duplicate master casts m Working casts/dies for any fixed prosthodontic restorations used in conjunction with removable prosthodontic treatment

Required Removable Partial and Fixed Prosthodontics Casts and Dies: m Pre-treatment and post-treatment articulated casts m Articulated casts with diagnostic patterns m Articulated working casts/dies m Duplicate master cast for RPD framework fabrication with RPD design drawn on cast (must be surveyed and tripoded) Required Radiographic Images Radiographs may be film-based or digital images, must be of high resolution, exceptional diagnos- tic quality, and must include: Checklist continues on next page.

30 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top SECTION B PART 4 4.5 SECTION B PART 4 EXAMINATION – CHECKLIST CHECKLIST

m Mounted periapical and bitewing pre- and post-treatment complete mouth radiographs/images of all teeth and implants m Panoramic radiograph (pre-treatment and post-treatment)

Additional Considerations (review Ch. 4 Sect. 4.1 of Examination Guidelines for the Certification Process): m Patient and treatment presentation to examiners. m Dental implant requirement for the Section B examination. m Completion of clinical procedures and comprehensive patient care. m Direct operative and foundation restorations. m Resistance/retention form and ferrule. m Dental casts and articulation. m Appropriate incorporation of digital technology in the examination process.

PLEASE NOTE: This checklist is not intended to contain all information required for this examination. The candidate is encouraged to thoroughly review the entire Examination Guidelines for the Certification Processin preparation for the examination. 5. Section C:

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 31 Notes ______4. Section B: Treatment-Based Presentations & Oral Examinations & Oral Presentations 4. Section B: Treatment-Based ______

32 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top Scenario-Based Oral Examination 5.1 SECTION C GENERAL INFORMATION 5

Specialty Education Programs This scenario-based in Prosthodontics. Scenarios examination consists of serve to evaluate depth three(3) separate 20-minute and breadth of candidate oral examinations in which knowledge in prosthodontics two(2) examiners present and related disciplines and scripted questions based on sciences. A video depicting a clinical scenario created by the conduct of a mock the ABP. Each clinical scenario examination may be found incorporates four(4) 5-minute at www.abpros.org/current- themes: Diagnosis, Treatment candidates. Planning, Treatment, and Prognosis, Outcomes and 6. Section D: Maintenance Plan. Within each theme, multiple questions are asked. The content of the examination is consistent with current Commission of Dental Accreditation (CODA) Standards for Advanced

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 33 Notes ______5. Section C: Scenario-Based Oral Examination Oral 5. Section C: Scenario-Based ______

34 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top Implant-Based Patient Presentation and Oral Examination For questions about the examination process or logistics not covered in these Guidelines, contact The ABP Chief Professional 6

Officer [email protected] . present and defend implant The unbounded edentulous PLEASE NOTE, the ABP and therapy with an emphasis on space may be an edentu- its Directors will not address biologic interfaces associated lous arch restored with a questions related to Section with implantation of bioma- fixed prosthesis(es). D patient selection, patient terials into osseous structures 2. Oral examination based on treatment decisions, or pa- and surrounding soft tissues. standardized questioning. tient examination presentation. Design of the Section D ex- 3. Oral examination based on Candidates must refer to the amination permits ABP Exam- unrestricted questioning that most current published “Ex- iners the latitude to explore a may relate to the patient amination Guidelines for the candidate’s understanding of treatment presentation. Certification Process” for ap- implant diagnosis and treat- propriate answers to all ques- ment planning, the biology of The broad scope of implant tions. The American Board of implant placement, adjunctive/ dentistry will serve as the focus Prosthodontics will not provide incidental hard and soft tissue of the oral examination during guidance regarding specific procedures, definitive prostho- both standardized and unre- therapies. Determination, jus- dontic restoration, and progno- stricted questioning. tification, and defense of spe- sis, outcomes and maintenance cific therapies and all related planning for implant therapy. Candidates must be prepared matters are the responsibility to defend diagnosis, treatment of the candidate during the This 60-minute examination planning, treatment, prognosis, examination. involves three (3) 20-minute and maintenance planning segments that include: using available evidence. Any 6.1 SECTION D GENERAL laboratory work not completed INFORMATION 1. Candidate-generated pa- by the candidate must be tient treatment presenta- accompanied by dental With the evolution in scope of tion consisting of surgical laboratory work authorizations. prosthodontic care to include and fixed prosthodontic dental implant placement, management of a natural The candidate: examination of candidate tooth-bounded (receiving • must perform all surgical knowledge, skill, and experi- one(1) or more implants) and prosthodontic ence in providing such care is space and an unbounded procedures of the treatment the focus of Section D. Candi- (receiving one(1) or more dates should be prepared to implants) edentulous space.

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 35 being examined; being examined, the following and cast(s) created • will be evaluated on the qual- well-composed, high quality, after implant treatment ity of, and justification for, all color images are required: that include implant care provided or not provid- analog(s) with remov- ed by other clinicians; and Pretreatment photographic able guide pin(s) • is also responsible to defend documentation of maxilla, • Post-treatment sagittal the quality of pre-existing mandible, and of anticipated and coronal views devel- restorations and conditions. surgical site: oped from 3-dimension- • Teeth in maximal intercus- al imaging Failure to abide by the pal position (front, left lat- • Photographic images instructions and examination eral and right lateral views) immediately following policies provided here may • Lateral and occlusal view of implant placement with lead to disqualification from surgical site. guide pin or transfer the current exam. component in place (fa- Pre-treatment radiographic cial and occlusal views) 6.2 SECTION D REQUIREMENTS imaging, to include • If soft tissue flap is elevat- AND FORMAT OF anticipated implant site(s): ed, photographic images of PRESENTATION • Dental radiographic images occlusal and lateral view of appropriate for comprehen- implant position and surgi- The candidate will provide a sive analysis cal closure are required. PowerPoint or Keynote presen- • Forms of documentation of • For all treatments present- tation depicting two(2) im- the anticipated surgical site: ed, lateral and occlusal 6. Section D: Implant-Based Patient Presentation & Oral Examination & Oral Presentation 6. Section D: Implant-Based Patient plant-supported fixed prostho- • 2-dimensional imaging with photographs demonstrat- dontic treatments (may or may documentation of volume ing developed soft tissue not be on the same patient) underlying bone; and/or contours with and without that must involve: • 3-dimensional imaging fixed interim prostheses. of anticipated implant 1. A tooth-bounded site(s) (cross sectional Post-treatment Intraoral edentulous space receiving images extending to ad- Photographic Images: one or more implants; and jacent structures — within • Front, left lateral and right 2. An unbounded edentulous approximately 6 mm me- lateral views of teeth in space, which may include sial and distal of the site) maximal intercuspal position an edentulous arch, receiv- • Occlusal view of definitive ing one or more implants. Treatment Documentation: prostheses • Demonstration of surgical The candidate must surgical- site(s) with osteotomy(s) Post-treatment demonstration ly place all implants for the after implant placement of care consistent with treatment being examined. A showing implant position and comprehensive planning and signed document attesting trajectory consistent with treatment: to this will be supplied by the prosthetic treatment plan. At • Must have photographic im- ABP, and must be signed by least one(1) of the following ages (front, left lateral and the candidate at the time of methods of documentation right lateral views) the examination. must be provided: • Must have mounted dental • Surgical guide(s) used casts that include all dental For the implant treatments prostheses • Must have 2- and/or 3-di-

36 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top 6. Section D: Implant-Based Patient Presentation & Oral Examination mensional dental radio- images included, the presenta- understanding of dental labo- graphic images appropriate tion segment of the examina- ratory procedures. Candidates for demonstration of com- tion must be completed in 20 are responsible for the out- prehensive care minutes or less. come of all dental laboratory procedures associated with When cement-retained pros- Articulated diagnostic and the patients and patient treat- theses are part of the treat- post-treatment casts for both ments presented, and must be ment being examined, clear patient treatments are required accompanied by properly ex- photographic documentation and must be available for re- ecuted dental laboratory work of all involved abutments, prior view during the examination. authorizations. to cementation, must be in- Magnetic mounting plates are cluded in the presentation. required for securing casts to 6.4 THE 60-MINUTE SECTION the articulator. D EXAMINATION Additional photographic/radio- TIMELINE graphic documentation may A checklist of required items be provided at the candidate’s is available at the end of this discretion. Only high quality chapter. 20 Mins. The candidate will pro- digital images are acceptable. vide a PowerPoint or All images presented by can- 6.3 PRESENTATION Keynote presentation didates must be original with LOGISTICS of treatment rendered no alterations except periph- (20 minutes maximum eral cropping. Presentation Section D patient presentations time allotted). of images with unauthorized are developed by candidates 20 Mins. Examiners will pose alterations (including but not following the same guidelines predetermined stan- limited to “instant alpha” or as presented for the Section dardized questions similar, background elimination, B patient-based examinations. related to the broad or like manipulations) will result Radiographs, as required by scope of implant in automatic disqualification these Guidelines, may be either dentistry. of the candidate and forfeiture film or digital, but must be of 20 Mins. Examiners will pose of the examination fee. The exceptional resolution and qual- general unrestricted presentation should include ity. Once submitted, the USB questions related to one(1) photographic image per drive, its contents, and radio- the candidate’s treat- screen. Periapical and bite- graphs become the property of ment presentation wing radiographic images may the Board and may be used as and the broad scope be grouped to include more material for future ABP exam- of implant dentistry. than one(1) image per screen. inations. 60 Mins. TOTAL However, each panoramic or CBCT image incorporated 6.4 DENTAL LABORATORY 6.5 SECTION D in the presentation must be WORK EXAMINATION – CHECKLIST displayed on separate screens and not grouped. Dental laboratory technicians may be used to aid in the For both implant treatments, fabrication of prostheses for additional documentation may patient treatments present- be presented. Although there ed. Candidates must be able is no limit to the number of to demonstrate a thorough

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 37 SECTION D The candidate will provide a PowerPoint or Keynote presentation (not PDF) depictingCHECKLIST two(2) implant-supported fixed prosthodontic treatments (may or may not be on the same patient) that must involve:

1. a tooth-bounded edentulous space; and 2. an unbounded edentulous space, which may include an edentulous arch.

The candidate must have surgically placed the implants for the treatments being examined. A document will be available for candidate signature on the day of the examination.

For the implant treatments being examined, the following well-composed, high quality, color images are required (missing elements will result in candidate disqualification and forfeiture of the examination fee):

Pretreatment photographic documentation of maxilla, mandible, and of anticipated surgical site: m Teeth in maximal intercuspal position (front, left lateral and right lateral views) m Lateral and occlusal views of surgical sites.

Pretreatment radiographic imaging, to include anticipated implant site(s): m Dental radiographic images appropriate for comprehensive analysis Forms of documentation of the anticipated surgical site: m 2-dimensional imaging with documentation of volume underlying bone; and/or m 3-dimensional imaging of anticipated implant site(s) (cross sectional images extending to adjacent structures — within approximately 6 mm mesial and distal of the site)

Treatment Documentation: Demonstration of surgical site(s) with osteotomy(s) after implant placement showing implant posi- tion and trajectory consistent with prosthetic treatment plan. At least one(1) of the following meth- ods of documentation must be provided: m Surgical guide(s) used and cast(s) created after implant treatment that include implant analogue(s) with removable guide pin(s) m Post-treatment sagittal and coronal views developed from 3-dimensional imaging m Photographic images immediately following implant placement with guide pin or transfer component in place (lateral and occlusal views) m If soft tissue flap is elevated, photographic images of occlusal and lateral view of implant position and surgical closure are required. m For all treatments presented, lateral and occlusal photographs demonstrating developed soft tissue contours with and without fixed interim prostheses.

Post-treatment Intraoral Photographic Images: m Front, left lateral and right lateral views of teeth in maximal intercuspal position m Occlusal view of definitive prostheses

38 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top SECTION D 6.5 SECTION D EXAMINATION – CHECKLIST CHECKLIST

Post-treatment demonstration of care consistent with comprehensive planning and treatment: m Must have photographic images (front, left lateral and right lateral views) m Must have mounted dental casts that include all dental prostheses m Must have 2 and/or 3 dimensional dental radiographic images appropriate for demonstration of comprehensive care m When cement-retained prostheses are part of the treatment being examined, clear photographic documentation of all abutments (stock or custom), prior to cementation, must be included in the presentation. m Only high quality digital images are acceptable. All images presented by candidates must be original with no alterations except peripheral cropping. Presentation of images with unauthorized alterations (including but not limited to “instant alpha” or similar, background elimination, or like manipulations) will result in automatic disqualification of the candidate and forfeiture of the examination fee. m For both implant treatments, additional documentation may be presented. Although there is no limit to the number of images included, the presentation segment of the examination must be completed in 20 minutes or less. m Articulated diagnostic and post treatment casts for both patient treatments are required and must be available for review during the examination. Magnetic mounting plates are the preferred method for cast mountings.

PLEASE NOTE: Additional photographic/radiographic documentation may be provided at the candidate’s discretion.

PLEASE NOTE: The presentation should include one photographic image per screen. Periapical and bite-wing radiographic images may be grouped to include more than one image per screen. However, each panoramic or CBCT image incorporated in the presentation must be displayed on separate screens and not grouped.

PLEASE NOTE: This checklist is not intended to contain all information required for this examination. The candidate is encouraged to thoroughly review the entire Examination Guidelines for the Certification Process in preparation for the examination.

Return to top American Board of Prosthodontics 39 The American Board of Prosthodontics 1000 Westgate Drive, Suite 252 Saint Paul, MN 55114 www.abpros.org

40 Guidelines for the Certification Process Return to top