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The Case of Libo Kemkem District, South Gondar

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The Case of Libo Kemkem District, South Gondar DSpace Institution DSpace Repository http://dspace.org Rural Development and Agricultural Extension Thesis and Dissertations 2020-10-14 DETERMINANTS OF RURAL LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES: THE CASE OF LIBO KEMKEM DISTRICT, SOUTH GONDAR Melkamu, Mengie http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/11394 Downloaded from DSpace Repository, DSpace Institution's institutional repository BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DETERMINANTS OF RURAL LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES: THE CASE OF LIBO KEMKEM DISTRICT, SOUTH GONDAR M.Sc Thesis By Melkamu Mengie Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in rural development management July 2020 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia DECLARATION I Melkamu Mengie, hereby declare that the thesis entitled “Determinants of Rural Livelihood Diversification strategies in Libo kemkem District, Ethiopia” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Science in Rural Development Management to the Graduate Program of College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, through the department of rural development and agricultural extension my original work and the matter embodied in this thesis has not been submitted earlier for the award of any degree or diploma to the best of my knowledge and belief. i BIOGRAPHY The author was born from his father Ato Mengie Zemene and his mother W/ro Beletie Fekadu on 10 November 1984, in Amhara Regional State, South Gondar zone (Libo Kemkem woreda). He attended elementary school at Michael Debir from 1995-2003 and his secondary education school at Addis Zemen from 2004-2007. He then joined Wollo University to study Agriculture in 2015 and graduated in B.Sc. Degree in Rural Development and Agricultural Extension in July 7, 2010. After graduation, he offers a scholarship to study MSc in Rural Development Management at Bahir Dar University in 2011-2012 EC. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT Above all, I am glad my innumerable praise to the Almighty GOD for giving me the opportunity, capacity, and guidance throughout my life. I am grateful to my supervisor for Dr. Benebru Assefa and co-advisor Mr. Birhanu Melesse for their valuable and constructive comments, suggestions, and the overall assistance from the early stage to the completion of this study. Without their supports and guidance, this paper wouldn’t have materialized. I would like to thank Bahir Dar University for offering a scholarship to study MSc in Rural Development Management at Bahir Dar University. The skills and knowledge acquired from Bahir Dar University help me to plan my future and many thanks to all the teachers who taught me. I would like to allow my heart-felt thanks to my father Mengie Zemene and mother Beletie Fikadu for their moral support, encouragement and being with me in the completion of this study. Without taking their responsibility in cost covering for this study, would not be completed without their support. Finally, respondents also deserve special thanks for their cooperation in responding to questions, warm hospitability, and because they kindly shared their views and made this work possible. Moreover, I would like to thank the leader of the two kebeles for facilitation during the during data collection period. iii TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION .................................................................................................................................... i BIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................................................... ii LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................................................. vii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. ix ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem .................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Objective of the Study ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.3.1 General Objective ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.3.2 Specific Objective ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.3.3 Research Question ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Significance of the Study .................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Scope and Limitations of the Study .................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................. 7 2.1 Concepts and Definitions of Key Terms ............................................................................................. 7 2.2 Concept of Livelihood Diversification Strategy ................................................................................. 8 2.3. Sustainable Livelihood Framework ................................................................................................... 9 2.3.1 Vulnerability Context ................................................................................................................ 10 2. 3.2 Livelihood Asset ....................................................................................................................... 11 2. 3.3 Policy, Institution, and Processes ............................................................................................. 12 2. 3.4 Livelihood Strategies ................................................................................................................ 12 2.3.5 Livelihood Outcome .................................................................................................................. 12 2.4 Type of Livelihood Diversifications strategies in Ethiopia .............................................................. 13 2.5 Challenges and Opportunities of Rural Livelihood Diversification ................................................. 14 2.6 Empirical Studies on Determinants of Rural Livelihood Diversification ......................................... 14 2.7 Conceptual Frameworks ................................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY............................................................................... 17 3.1. Description of the Study Area ......................................................................................................... 17 3.2 Research Design ............................................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Sampling Methods and Sampling Techniques .................................................................................. 18 3.4 Sample Size Determination .............................................................................................................. 19 iv 3.5 Method of Data Collection ............................................................................................................... 19 3.6 Method of Data Analysis .................................................................................................................. 20 3.7 Operational Definitions of the Variables .......................................................................................... 22 3.7.1 Dependent Variables .................................................................................................................. 22 3.7.2 Independent Variables ............................................................................................................... 22 CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................. 27 4.1 Result of descriptive statistics........................................................................................................... 27 4.1.1 Human capital ............................................................................................................................ 27 4.1.1.1 Sex of household head ................................................................................................... 27 4.1.1.2 Education level of the household head .......................................................................... 28 4.1.1.3 Age of household head .................................................................................................. 29 4.1.1.4 Marital status of the household head ............................................................................. 30 4.1.1.5 Family size of the households .......................................................................................
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