FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF

Public Disclosure Authorized

ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP)

FINAL RAP DOCUMENTFOR FINCHA- AND AZEZO- 230 KV TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECTS Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by:- Environmental, Health, Safety and Quality (EHS&Q)

March 2019.

Table of Contents GLOSSARY OF TERMS ...... IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 8 1.1. GENERAL BACKGROUND ...... 8 1.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 9 1.3. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ...... 13 1.4. METHODOLOGY ...... 13 1.5. POTENTIAL PROJECT IMPACTS ...... 14 1.5.1. Potential Impacts of the Project ...... 14 1.5.2. Anticipated Positive Impacts and Enhancement Measures ...... 14 1.5.3. Negative/Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 15 2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT LOCATION ...... 18 2.1. PROJECT LOCATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE SET-UP ...... 18 2.2. BASELINE SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ...... 19 2.2.1. Population and Household Size ...... 19 2.2.2. Ethnic Composition and Religion ...... 19 2.2.3. Land use system ...... 20 2.2.4. Livestock ...... 21 2.2.5. Crop production ...... 21 2.2.6. Physical Infrastructures and Social Services...... 22 2.2.7. Women in the project area ...... 24 GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE (GBV) ...... 25 Risk Level ...... 25 Mitigation Measures ...... 26 3. POLICY, LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS ...... 27 3.1. NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKS ...... 27 3.1.1. Land ownership policy in Ethiopia ...... 27 3.1.2. Rural Land Administration and Land Use Proclamation, No456/2005 ...... 28 3.1.3. Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation, Proclamation No. 455/2005 ...... 28 3.1.4. FDRE Council of Ministers Regulation (Regulation No. 135/2007) ...... 30 3.1.5. National Policy on Women ...... 30 3.1.6. Child Labor, public and workers safety (Proclamation No.377/2003) ...... 31 3.1.7. World Bank Policy on Involuntary Resettlement [OP 4.12] ...... 31 3.1.8. Gap analysis/Comparison of the National and WB on resettlement and compensation 33 4. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ...... 38 4.1. MINISTRY OF FINANCE ...... 38 4.2. ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE COMMISSION (EFCCC) ...... 38 4.3. MINISTRY OF WATER, IRRIGATION AND ELECTRICITY ...... 38 4.4. ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER (EEP) ...... 38 4.5. EEP ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL OFFICE (EEP ESO) ...... 39 4.6. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, SAFETY AND QUALITY/EHS & QUALITY/ ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL OFFICE OF EEP ...... 39 4.7. TRANSMISSION AND SUBSTATION, UPGRADING AND REHABILITATION PROJECT OFFICE 40 5. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND ENTITLEMENTS ...... 41 5.1. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND DELIVERY OF ENTITLEMENTS...... 41

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Final RAP Document for Fincha - Shambu and Azezo - Chilga 230 kV TLPs

5.2. ENTITLEMENT MATRIX ...... 41 6. SOCIO ECONOMIC SURVEY OF PAPS ...... 46 6.1. NUMBER OF PAPS ...... 46 6.2. RELIGIOUS BACK GROUND OF PAPS ...... 46 6.3. EDUCATION ...... 47 6.4. SETTLEMENT PATTERN ...... 47 6.5. ECONOMIC CONDUCTION AND LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES ...... 47 6.6. VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS ...... 48 7. VALUATION AND COMPENSATION FOR LOSS AND RESETTLEMENT MEASURES ...... 49 7.1. VALUATION FOR PERMANENT LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND ...... 51 7.2. VALUATION FOR TEMPORARY DISPOSSESSION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND ...... 52 7.3. VALUATION FORMULA FOR PERENNIAL CROPS ...... 52 8. PROPERTIES AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT AND ITS COST ESTIMATE ...... 53 8.1. GENERAL OVERVIEW ...... 53 8.2. IMPACTS ON HOUSES AND STRUCTURES ...... 54 8.3. IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURAL LAND ...... 56 8.4. IMPACT OF THE PROJECT ON TREES ...... 57 8.5. IMPACTS ON GRAZING LAND...... 59 9. IDENTIFICATION OF ALTERNATIVE SITES AND SELECTION OF RESETTLEMENT SITES, SITE PREPARATION AND RELOCATION ...... 60 10. LIVELIHOOD/INCOME RESTORATION ...... 61 11. PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ...... 63 11.1 OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION ...... 63 11.2. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ...... 63 11.3. STAKEHOLDERS’ ANALYSIS ...... 64 11.4. PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ...... 64 11.5. SUBSEQUENT CONSULTATION ...... 69 12. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 70 13. ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY ...... 75 14.RAP IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...... 78 15. RAP IMPLEMENTATION COST AND BUDGET ...... 82 16. RAP SUPERVISION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION ...... 82 16.1MONITORING ...... 82 16.1.1. Monitoring Framework (Internal and External) ...... 83 16.1.2. Indicators to Monitor ...... 85 16.1.3. Reporting Requirement ...... 86 16.1.4.RAP Implementation Monitoring Template ...... 87 16.2. COMPLETION AUDIT ...... 88 ANNEX I ...... 89 REFERENCES ...... 89

Table 0-1: Description of the Project 1 Table 0-2 Summary of key survey findings 4 Table 0-3: Summary of PAPs by project site 4 Table 0-4: Budget for the Implementation of the RAP 7 Table 2-1: Lists of Administrative Setups Affected by the Project- Source: - Field survey, 2017 18

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Final RAP Document for Fincha - Shambu and Azezo - Chilga 230 kV TLPs

Table 3-1: Comparisons of National Legislation and World Bank Operational Polices 33 Table 5-1: Entitlement Matrix 42 Table 7-1: Perennial crops 52 Table 15-1: Estimated Budget for the Implementation of the RAP 82 Table 16-1: Monitoring Indicators 86

Figure 1: Lot II:-Fincha-Shambu 230 kV Power Transmission Line project Location Map ...... 11 Figure 2: Lot IV: Azezo – Chilga 230 kV Power Transmission Line project Location Map ...... 12 Figure 3: Consultation with PAPs, Administrators and Sector Offices Heads .... 68

Acronym AAC Arbitration Appraisal Committee AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AVC Asset valuation Committee A CSA Central Statistical Authority CIS Corrugated Iron Sheet DS Design Standard EAG Environmental Assessment Guidelines EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EP Eligible Person MEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change EPC Environmental Protection Council EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia ESAP Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ETB Ethiopian Birr FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia FGD Focus Group Discussion FI Financial Intermediaries GC Grievance Committee GCRC Gross Current Replacement Cost GPS Global Positioning System GTP Growth and Transformation Plan HH Household HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IEC Information, Education and Communication MDG Millennium Development Goals MOFEC Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation NGO None Government Organization OD Operational Directive

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Final RAP Document for Fincha - Shambu and Azezo - Chilga 230 kV TLPs

ONRS National Regional State PAP Project Affected Person RAP Resettlement Action Plan RIC Resettlement Implementation Committee ROW Right-of-Way SBD-W Standard Bidding Documents for Procurement of Works ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan SNNPR Southern Nation Nationals People Region STD Sexually Transmitted Disease STI Sexually Transmitted Infection SEIA Socio - Environmental Impact Assessment TOR Terms of Reference WB World Bank

Glossary of Terms Compensation—Payment in cash or in kind for an asset or a resource affected by a project.

Cut-off date—is the date the census begins. It could also be the date the project area was delineated, prior to the census, provided that there has been an effective public dissemination of information on the area delineated, and systematic and continuous dissemination subsequent to the delineation to prevent further population influx. Economic displacement—Loss of income streams or means of livelihood resulting from land acquisition or obstructed access to resources (land, water, or forest) resulting from the construction or operation of a project or its associated facilities. Involuntary resettlement—Resettlement is involuntary when it occurs without the consent of the displaced persons or if they give their consent without having the power to refuse resettlement. Land expropriation—Process whereby a public authority, usually in return for compensation, requires a person, household, or community to relinquish rights to land that it occupies or otherwise uses Project-affected household—All members of a household, whether related or not, operating as a single economic unit, who are affected by a project. Project-affected person—Any person who, as a result of the implementation of a project, loses the right to own, use, or otherwise benefit from a built structure, land (residential, agricultural, or pasture), annual or perennial crops and trees, or any other fixed or moveable asset, either in full or in part, permanently or temporarily. Physical displacement—Loss of shelter and assets resulting from the acquisition of land associated with a project that requires the affected person(s) to move to another location. Replacement cost—The rate of compensation for lost assets must be calculated at full replacement cost, that is, the market value of the assets plus transaction costs.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)—The document in which a project sponsor or other responsible entity specifies the procedures that it will follow and the actions that it will take to

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Final RAP Document for Fincha - Shambu and Azezo - Chilga 230 kV TLPs mitigate adverse effects, compensate losses, and provide development benefits to persons and communities affected by an investment project. Resettlement assistance—Support provided to people who are physically displaced by a project. Assistance may include transportation, food, shelter, and social services that are provided to affected people during their relocation. Assistance may also include cash allowances that compensate affected people for the inconvenience associated with resettlement and defray the expenses of a transition to a new locale, such as moving expenses and lost work days. Stakeholders—Any and all individuals, groups, organizations, and institutions interested in and potentially affected by a project or having the ability to influence a project. Vulnerable groups—People who by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or mental disability, economic disadvantage, or social status may be more adversely affected by resettlement than others and who may be limited in their ability to claim or take advantage of resettlement assistance and related development benefits. Squatter---- a person who extends his/her infrastructure/assets into land that he/she doesn’t own before the established cut-off date Encroacher-- Any person who constructs a house or a structure in the right-of-way after an established cut-off date. Disturbance Allowance---- Any Assistance made for PAPs until Livelihood Restoration Measures Implemented Moving Allowance----Any Assistance made for PAPs during relocation to new site and or houses including cost of shifting Census------Complete Enumeration of the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) and registering them according to location Eligibility Criteria------Established and disclosed criteria by which all Project affected Persons (PAPs) will be considered eligible for compensation and other resettlement assistance

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Final RAP Document for Fincha - Shambu and Azezo - Chilga 230 kV TLPs

Executive Summary

Ethiopia Electric Power (EEP) has planned to implement Electric Power Transmission Line Projects (EPTLPs) in three National Regional States of Ethiopia; Amhara, Oromia and SNNPR.

Namely: ▪ LOT-I: 230 kV Metu-Mesha EPTLP to be constructed in SNNPR and Oromia. ▪ LOT-II: 230 kV Fincha-Shambu EPTLP to be constructed in the Oromia region. ▪ LOT-III: 132 kV Bahir Dar- EPTLP to be constructed in the . ▪ LOT-IV: 230 kV Azezo-Chiliga EPTLP to be constructed in the Amhara region.

Resettlement Action plans (RAPs) for two lots namely: Lot–I: Metu-Mesha and Lot- III:Bahir Dar-Dangila was conducted in February 2016 and publicly disclosed locally in the country and internationally in the Bank’s info shop.Therefore, this RAP is dedicated for the other two Electric Power Transmission Line Project sites(lots) namely:Azezo- Chilga and Fincha – ShambuElectric Power Transmission Line Projects (EPTLPs).

This report contains established social inventory of households that are likely to be affected by the proposed two electric power transmission sub projects (EPTLPs) in Ethiopia. LOT II Targeted Site: Fincha- Shambua (within Oromia Regional State) - 230 kV single circuit transmission line with double circuit tower along the total route length of 30 km between Fincha- and Shambu. the transmission line will be stretched out from Fincha II substation to newly planned substation at Horro woreda and there will be construction of access roads towards transmission line towers. Under this lot a new substation will be constructed at Horroworeda.

LOT - IV Targeted Site: Azezo-Chilga (Amhara National Regional State) - 230 kV Azezo- Chilga EPTLP single circuit transmission line from Azezo town (existing substation) to chilga Woreda newly selected substation. Under this lot a new substation will be constructed at Chilgaworeda.

Table 0-1: Description of the Project Project Name Fincha - Shambu 230 kV Power Azezo - Chilga 230 kV Power Transmission Line Project (Lot -II) Transmission Line Project (Lot -IV) Location Located in the Abay-Chomen Woreda and Gonder city, Dembia and ChilgaWoredas are Horro Woreda, -GuduruWollega Zone of located in the northern part of Ethiopia in the Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Amhara national regional state, north Gonder It is found at latitude and longitude 9o 59’ 48” zone. Their geographical coordinate is 120 45’ N 37o 31’ 30” E with the altitudinal range of N latitude and 37045’ E longitude with an 1302 m.a.s.l. at HorroWoreda to 2503 m.a.s.l. elevation of 2133 m.a.s.l. at Fincha town, the capital of the Abay- Chomen Woreda. Project To Supply electricity to Oromia region, part of Supply electricity to Amhara region, Tach- Objective the , Horro Woreda and Armachiho,, Lay-Armachiho, , villages which can be reached by distribution WustebelessaWoredas and villages of the lines from newly constructed substation. North Gonder Zone.

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Final RAP Document for Fincha - Shambu and Azezo - Chilga 230 kV TLPs

Financier World Bank (WB) World Bank (WB)

Components 230kV single circuit, 30 km transmission line 230 kV single circuit,40 km, transmission line with double circuit tower. with the double circuit tower configuration Construction of new 230/33 kV substationwith construction of new 230/33 kV substation 20/25MVA power transformer at Shambu with 20/25MVA power transformer at Chilga town. town. The total area of the newly planned substation An estimated land area of the substation is is estimated to be 9 ha (300 X 300meters) of about 9 ha (300 X 300 meters) of agricultural agricultural land. and settlements land.

Purpose of the RAP

The main purpose of this Resettlement Action plan is to identify and quantify different categories of Project-Affected Persons (PAPs) who would require some form of assistance, compensation, relocation and prepare cost estimates and budget for the RAP.

Approach and Methodology

The approach and methodology used in preparation of the RAP, includes: a) Collection of qualitative and quantitative social-economic data through baseline household survey, Census & Land Inventory of properties b) Identifying and documenting type, physical conditions, and ownership status of properties located within the ROW of the transmission line route and substation areas. c) Consultation with Project Affected People (PAPs) and other relevant stakeholders. d) Collection and registration of attitudes, views and opinions expressed by project affected people and other stakeholders about the project. e) Review of past resettlement implementation documents f) Review of relevant legal and administrative frameworks that have due relevance with the proposed stringing construction and subsequent operation.

Review of National Policies and Resettlement Frameworks All relevant and applicable national laws, polices and regulatory frameworks that have due relevance to the resettlement and compensation procedures, including the federal law, national policies on Women and Environment, Council of Ministers Regulation on Compensations, the World Bank Operational Policy on involuntary resettlement and rehabilitation of PAPs have been carefully reviewed and analyzed. Comparisons and actions to address gaps between the Ethiopian laws and the World Bank’s Operational Policy on involuntary resettlement (OP 4.12) are presented in a table format as part of the report.

Key Findings Potential Impacts The project has a wide range of social, economic and environmental benefits both at national and local levels providing reliable power for households and businesses, supporting and facilitating delivery of improved social services in education and health sectors, contributing to environmental mitigation and provision of temporary employment opportunities for area residents during the stringing period are a few of the major benefits and positive impacts of the proposed project. The

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Final RAP Document for Fincha - Shambu and Azezo - Chilga 230 kV TLPs major adverse impacts of the Transmission line projects would be the removal or demolition of household assets and useful resources found within the designated 30m ROW1 of the transmission line.

A total of 807 households with 4223 family members (2132male and 2095 females) who are living along the ZOI of the 5-project affected Woredas/city administrations will be directly affected by the implementation of the Project activities. Out of the total PAHHs, 33 households will lose more than 20% of their farmland. These PAPs require livelihood restoration measures in addition to compensation for lost assets.

Lot-II: Fincha - Shambu 230kV Power TL Project

The number of households located under the ROW of this lot are 269 of which 248 are located on the transmission line and 21 are on the substation. Accordingly, a total of 269 households will be affected. Among these households, 239 households are likely to be affected temporarily by transmission line, 30 households will be affected permanently both by transmission line and substation. Of which 9 households requires physical relocation.

The field survey identified 98 vulnerable PAPs (23 female headed households, 21 elderly and female headed households, and 54 elderly males headed households). Out of the total PAPs that are vulnerable, 88 PAPs will be affected by the transmission line; the remaining 10 will be affected by the substation.

Lot-IV of Azezo - Chilga 230 kV Power TL Project

The project under this Lot will affect a total of number538 households (524 by transmission line and 14 by substation); of whom, 344 and 194households will be affected temporarily and permanently respectively. Out of which, 180 project affected households need to be relocated permanently.

The construction of Lot-IV Azezo - Chilga 230 kV Power TL Project will also affect a total of 18,413 perennial crops and trees; 17,055 will be affected by transmission line and the remaining 1,358 will be affected by the substation.

Vulnerability Assessment: The total number of 148 PAPs (46 female headed households, 22 elderly female headed households and 80 elderly males headed households) are identified and recorded as vulnerable PAPs during census period. Out of the total 148 heads of households that are considered as vulnerable, 99 PAPs will be temporarily affected while the remaining 49 will be affected permanently. Among the permanently affected PAPs, the vast majorities are residents of Dembia Woreda; reported to be 70 in number.

1 Ethiopian Electricity Agency issued Directives on Overhead Electric Line Clearances and Quality of Supply in 2005 based on the Council of Ministers regulation no 49/1999 stated that for 132-230KV transmission lines the ROW at 30 meter. Thus, this RAP takes the country legal framework in determining the ROW for the proposed project at 30m.

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Final RAP Document for Fincha - Shambu and Azezo - Chilga 230 kV TLPs

Table 0-2 Summary of key survey findings Number of Woredas and City the transmission line passes through and substations will 5 be suited Number of Kebeles affected 19 Total number of households affected 807 Total number of household members affected 4,223 Total number vulnerable PAPs identified by the survey 246 Number of affected HHs fully affected and require physical relocation 189

Number of affected households with legal landholding rights 807 Number of affected households without legal landholding rights (squatters) 0 Number of affected households losing more than 20% of their farm landholdings 33

Table 0-3: Summary of PAPs by project site Number of Number of Number of Total PAPs Temporarily Permanently PAHHs require

Affected House Affected physical relocation

Project site holds Number Affected House HHs PAPs of HHs Holds Fincha - 30 9 269 1163 239 Shambu Azezo -Chilga 538 3060 344 194 180 Total 807 4223 583 224 189

Public Consultations and Communications Public consultation meetings were held with project affected people and other stakeholders. Basic components of the project, its likely impacts on landholdings, crops, trees and other assets, claims, methods and procedures used for asset valuation, complaint or grievance redressing mechanisms and other relevant issues were discussed and communicated to PAPs. Topics discussed with local authorities include roles and responsibilities of local authorities in facilitating the resettlement plan, coordinating resettlement of PAPs from the ROW clearance areas, roles to resolve issues and complaints reported by PAPs and maintenance of sustained communications with EEP and project management staff. Minutes of consultation meetings along with list of participants are attached as annex III.

Public Opinions about the Project Despite the possible loss of assets and personal and family inconveniences resulting from the resettlement process and other related concerns, project affected people who participated in the consultation meetings expressed their support for the project development. Summary of the

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Final RAP Document for Fincha - Shambu and Azezo - Chilga 230 kV TLPs consultation meetings held, and issues discussed with PAPs and local stakeholders are presented in section 12 of this document.

Review of National Policies and Resettlement Frameworks

All relevant and applicable national laws, polices and regulatory frameworks that have due relevance to the resettlement and compensation procedures, including the federal law, national policies on Women and Environment, Council of Ministers Regulation on Compensations, the World Bank Operational Policy on involuntary resettlement and rehabilitation of PAPs have been carefully reviewed and analyzed. Comparisons and suggestions to address gaps between the Ethiopian laws and the World Bank’s Operational Policy on involuntary resettlement are presented in a table format as part of the report.

Eligibilities and Entitlement Matrix The GOE legislation and the World Bank policy objectives require all individuals and households whose assets and productive resources affected as a result of the project are entitled for compensation and/or other forms of assistance. All PAPs and organizations losing land, buildings/houses, crops or sources of income will be compensated or rehabilitated according to the types and amount of their loss (permanent or temporary) at replacement cost. All PAPS, with or without legal tile, are taken into consideration and accounted for. Compensation, both small and large amounts, will be paid either in cash or by cheque, following the agreement with the individual PAP’s. Disbursements will be ensured by EEP and will take place in the presence of the compensation committee as well as the spouse or spouses of the individual PAPs.

Cut-off Date for Determining Eligibility

For Fincha -Shambu, the cut-off date has been set at 14/4/2017 whereas for Azezo – Chilga, the cut- off date has been set at 31/5/2017. A careful count and identification of the existing properties and affected persons has been conducted together with local officials. Thus, any person who constructs a house or a structure or grow crops and trees in the right-of-way after the cut-off date will not be eligible to compensation or subsidies. The dates have been made public to the people and to the local officials.

Entitlement Framework

An entitlement matrix which defines the eligibility for compensation and rehabilitation assistance for different categories of project affected persons is included in this RAP. Accordingly, all persons affected by land acquisition, and loss of houses and other assets, are entitled to a combination of compensation measures, resettlement assistance and livelihood restoration activities. However, a person who occupies the land after the cut-off date i.e. after the completion of the census of affected households will not be eligible for compensation associated with the loss of any kind of new asset formations and /or new claim for resettlement and rehabilitation provisions

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Final RAP Document for Fincha - Shambu and Azezo - Chilga 230 kV TLPs

Institutional Framework for Implementation of the RAP

Ministry of Water Irrigation and Electricity (MOWIE), Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP), Transmission and Substation upgrading and rehabilitation Project office, Woreda, Kebele and urban administrations, property valuation committees, Resettlement Implementation Committees (RIC) and Grievance Redress Committee will be involved in the implementation of the RAP. Above all, the EEP bears the overall responsibility for planning, budgeting, monitoring of the RAP through the various implementation phases.

Asset Valuations and Compensations Framework

The size of each affected property and useful assets of households were physically investigated and measured by a qualified professional with the presence of head of households or their family members. The monetary estimates of affected housing structures and other valuable assets and assistance for relocation is estimated and calculated based on current market price at full replacement cost. Compensations and other entitlements provided comply with existing legislative and administrative frameworks of the GOE and the World Bank guidelines.

Grievance Redress Mechanism

Grievances redress committee will be established at Woreda level with a mandate to receive and register complaints, convene meetings to resolve the complaints, and respond to the appeals resulting from property valuation committees’ decisions and any other grievances reported to them. After due interaction with the PAPs and relevant stakeholders the following persons have been suggested to serve a member of the Grievance redress Committee (GC): one representative from the Woreda Administration, one representative from Woreda Agricultral office, one representative from municipality office, one representative from the PAPs and one elderly person (influential) from the community.

Implementation Schedule There are many crucial activities that will be performed to make the resettlement/rehabilitation of the people under this project possible. The tentative time within which the compensation program will take place is proposed to be a maximum of eight months. All compensation aspects of the program will be completed ahead of any land acquisition/relocation activities and before the commencement of physical construction.

Costs and Budget for Implementation of the RAP The total amount of compensation estimate, which includes direct cost for PAPs including the administrative costs, is estimated to be about Birr 8,028,800.03 (347,116.30 USD) for Fincha – ShambuEPTLPand105, 143,715.56(4,545,773.21USD) Azezo-Chilga EPTLP. The following table summarizes the total amount of the budget (or compensation estimate) that is required for the implementation of this RAP.

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Final RAP Document for Fincha - Shambu and Azezo - Chilga 230 kV TLPs

Table 0-4: Budget for the Implementation of the RAP

Fincha – Shambu EPTLP Azezo-Chilg EPTLP Major Budget Line Item Estimated Estimated Estimated Amount (ETB) Amount (USD) Amount (ETB) Compensation cost for project affected 93,177,195.96 assets 6,130,159.12 265030.65 540,000.00 Transport &Moving allowance 27,000.00 1167.31

Livelihood restoration assistance (lump 815,250.00 417,750.00 18,060.96 sum) 740,000.00 Social Support for vulnerable PAPs 490,000.00 21,184.61

Budget for Committees 236,250.00 implementing the RAP 157,500.00 6,809.34

(AVC,GRM and others) 76,500.00 Monitoring and Evaluation (lump sum) 76,500 3,307.39

95,585,195.96 Total 7,298,909.12 315,560.3 9558519.596 Contingency 10% 729,890.912 31,556.03 105,143,715.56 Grand Total 8,028,800.03 347,116.3

Monitoring and evaluation

In order to successfully complete the resettlement management as per the implementation schedule and compliance with the policy and entitlement framework, there would be need for monitoring and evaluation of the RAP implementation. Monitoring and evaluation will be a continuous process and will include internal and external monitoring. The EEP shall play a key role in monitoring and reporting the progress of implementation as well as compliance to the World Bank.

Disclosure: The RAP shall be disclosed in-country to the general public for review and comment also disclosed in the World Bank’s Info shop.

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Final RAP Document for Fincha - Shambu and Azezo - Chilga 230 kV TLPs

1. Introduction

1.1. General Background

Improving access to electricity services in urban and rural areas will enhance the productivity of the economy and build human capital through provision of social services. Therefore, on one hand, enhancing the service n urban and rural areas has a direct impact on poverty reduction through economic growth, improvement of the delivery of social services and quality of life and on the other hand, geared towards meeting the Ethiopian strategy for Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program (SDPRP) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of 2015.

In perspective of the Government of Ethiopia’s Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP-I), it is targeted to increase the power generation capacity of the country from present 2,000 MW to about 10,000MW, more than double the number of electricity consumers to about 4 million and increase its electricity coverage from present level of 53 % to about 75 % by the Fiscal Year (FY) 2015.

The electric energy generated from the hydro power plants transported through high voltage transmission lines rated 45, 66, 132, 230 and 400 kV. The total length of the existing transmission lines is about 12,825 km.

The Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP) established as public enterprise under the Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy based on Council of Ministers Regulation No. 302/2013. The regulation set the purpose of EEP establishment to undertake feasibility studies, design and survey of electricity generation, transmission and substation; contract out such activities to consultants as required. On top of that, EEP’s establishment strives to undertake electricity generation, transmission and substation construction and upgrading; contract out such works to contractors as required.

The Transmission Line Projects

Analysis of power demand load forecast feasibility study findings indicates that EEP has planned to implement Electric Power Transmission Line Projects (EPTLPs) in three National Regional States of Ethiopia; Amhara, Oromia and SNNPR.

Namely: ▪ LOT-I: 230 kV Metu-Mesha EPTLP to be constructed in SNNPR and Oromia. ▪ LOT-II: 230 kV Fincha-Shambu EPTLP to be constructed in the Oromia region. ▪ LOT-III: 132 kV Bahir Dar- Dangila EPTLP to be constructed in the Amhara region. ▪ LOT-IV: 230 kV Azezo-Chiliga EPTLP to be constructed in the Amhara region.

Resettlement Action plans(RAPs) for two lots namely: Lot–I: Metu-Mesha and Lot- III:Bahir Dar-Dangila was conducted in February 2016 and publicly disclosed locally in the country and internationally in the Bank’s infoshop.Therefore, this RAP is dedicated for the other two Electric Power Transmission Line Project sites(lots) namely:Azezo- Chilga and Fincha – ShambuElectric Power Transmission Line Projects (EPTLPs).

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Final RAP Document for Fincha - Shambu and Azezo - Chilga 230 kV TLPs

The proposed sub- project areas get power by 33 kV feeders. These feeders are spanning a long distance and are over loaded due to many tapping connections on them. In addition, these feeders are facing frequent power interruptions. Therefore, it causes high voltage drop on the way and communities are suffering from power quality problems. Further, their capacity is not enough to handle additional power requests. Therefore, Lot-II: Fincha-Shambuand Lot-IV: Azezo- Chiliga230 kV Electric Power Transmission Line Projects is proposed.

LOT-II Targeted Site: Fincha - Shambu:-is located in the OromiaNational Regional State, East Welega Zone; it will cover two Woredas namely, AbayChomen and HorroWoredas. As part of this sub project new 230/33kV substation will be constructed at Horro Woreda by extending 30 km, 230kV single transmission line with double circuit tower configuration from Fincha II substation. The main objective of this project is to supply electricity to Oromia region, part of the EastWelega Zone, Horro woreda and villages which can be reached by distribution lines from the substation that will be constructed at Horro.

LOT - IV Targeted Site: Azezo-Chilga-is located in Amhara National Regional State, North Gonder zone, Gonder City,Dembia and Chilgaworedas.Under this project 230KV single circuit transmission line along the total route length of 40km from Azezo to Chilga will be constructed. In addition, new230/33KV, 20/25MVA transformer substation will also be constructed at Chilgaworeda.

1.2. Description of the Project

The major project activities under LOT – II: Fincha-Shambu230 kV EPTLP include construction of a new substation, transmission line 30 km, 230kV single circuit transmission line with double circuit tower that will be stretched out from Fincha II substation to newly planned substation at Horroworeda and construction of access roadstowards transmission line towers. On the other hand, LOT IV-Azezo-Chilga 230 kV EPTLP consists of the construction of a new substation at Chilgaworeda as well as construction of 132 kV single circuit transmission line from Azezo Ayermarefiya sub city existing substation to Chilgaworeda newly selected substation.Thedetailed in the following table.

Table 1.1: Description of the Project Project Name Fincha - Shambu 230 kV Power Azezo - Chilga 230 kV Power Transmission Line Project (Lot -II) Transmission Line Project (Lot -IV) Location Located in the Abay-Chomen Woreda and Gonder city, Dembia and ChilgaWoredas are Horro Woreda, Horo-GuduruWollega Zone of located in the northern part of Ethiopia in the Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Amhara national regional state, north Gonder It is found at latitude and longitude 9o 59’ 48” zone. Their geographical coordinate is 120 45’ N 37o 31’ 30” E with the altitudinal range of N latitude and 37045’ E longitude with an 1302 m.a.s.l. at Horro Woreda to 2503 m.a.s.l. elevation of 2133 m.a.s.l. at Fincha town, the capital of the Abay- Chomen Woreda.

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Project To Supply electricity to Oromia region, part of Supply electricity to Amhara region, Tach- Objective the East Welega Zone, Horro Woreda and Armachiho,Belessa, Lay-Armachiho, Takusa, villages which can be reached by distribution WustebelessaWoredas and villages of the lines from newly constructed substation. North Gonder Zone. Components 230kV single circuit, 30 km transmission line 230 kV single circuit,40 km, transmission line with double circuit tower. with the double circuit tower configuration Construction of new 230/33 kV substation construction of new 230/33 kV substation with 20/25MVA power transformer at with 20/25MVA power transformer at Horroworeda. Chilgaworeda. The total area of the newly planned substation An estimated land area of the substation is is estimated to be 9 ha (300 X 300meters) of about 9 ha (300 X 300 meters) of agricultural agricultural land. and settlements land.

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AbayChomen Woreda

Horro Woreda

Figure 1: Lot II:-Fincha-Shambu 230 kV Power Transmission Line project Location Map

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Lot IV Azezo-Chilga Transmission line Project

Figure 2: Lot IV: Azezo – Chilga 230 kV Power Transmission Line project Location Map

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1.3. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objectives of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) are as follows: • To identify and quantify different categories of project-affected persons (PAPS) who would require compensation, rehabilitation or relocation; and some form of assistance. • To recommend cost effective measures to be implemented so as to mitigate the expected impacts; • Formulate criteria for eligibility and entitlement as well as methods and mechanisms for the valuation of various categories of household and community assets for compensation, design strategies for restoration of the income and livelihood of PAPs, special support measures for vulnerable groups and social and community development projects; • Prepare cost estimates and budget for the RAP; • Design mechanisms and procedures for the resolution of conflict and redress of grievances arising from the implementation of the RAP and the project.

1.4. Methodology

In order to obtain qualitative and quantitative data to be used in the RAP preparation, both secondary and primary data collection techniques were employed. Through documentary review secondary data was gathered, while primary data was collected by using household census survey and public as well as stakeholder’s consultation.

Literature Review

Relevant literatures such as feasibility studies, ESIA reports of Fincha – Shambu and Azezo- Chilga 230 kV Electric Power Transmission Line Projects, Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) documents for other lots, WB Safeguard Policies, Ethiopian legislations and other relevant documents were reviewed.

Structured Interviews

Structured questionnaires were used to obtain relevant data on the planned Project affected areas. Interviews were conducted with various stakeholder’s staff members namely: Woreda Administration Offices, Bureaus of Finance and Economic Development, Women, Children and Youth Affairs, Education, Agriculture and Rural Development, Culture and Tourism, as well as Environmental Protection, Land Administration and Use offices.

Household Census Survey

From February to May 2017, Household census survey was carried out for Project affected Households (PAHs) covering four projects affected Woredas and one city. Digital camera and Geographic Positioning System (GPS) have been used to understand population activities as well as the physical environment.

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Focus Group Discussion and Consultation

The assessment team has conducted community consultations with various community groups including officials from Kebele, Woreda and City Administrations and PAPs. Furthermore, meetings were held with relevant government offices such as Woreda Health Office, Women’s Affair Office, etc.

During the discussions, different environmental and socio-economic impacts that most likely will occur due to the proposed project have been raised and discussed. Moreover, community members’ awareness, major attitudes and opinions towards proposed project were assessed and recorded.

1.5. Potential Project Impacts

1.5.1. Potential Impacts of the Project

Project components and aligned activities that give rise to resettlement and land acquisition issues in both LOT-II and IV sites in the proposed EPTLPs intervention areas include the following:

➢ Construction of two new substations, that will require a total land area of 9 ha from each site (one at Horroworeda and the other at Chilgaworeda); ➢ Construction of transmission lines, which are 40km& 30kmlength for Azezo Chilga and Fincha Shambu respectively. ➢ Construction of access roads heading towards erection of tower pads, which demands a land area of 1.8km length with 5m wide for LOT-II Fincha Shambu site and 2.4 km length with 5m wide for LOT IV-Azezo-Chilgasite.

1.5.2. Anticipated Positive Impacts and Enhancement Measures

Obviously, there will be a multitude of benefits or potential positive impacts assumed to be generated because of the implementation of the proposed electric power transmission line projects in the two target project locations and surrounding environs.

1.5.2. 1. Reduce Women’s Burden

The availability of power supply, as disclosed by the participants of this RAP development process, will anticipate in easing the burden of women in the study areas. The electrification process will in turn facilitate the setting up of grind mills in the vicinities, promoting the use of improved technology for the preparation of food using electric stoves, the initiation and development of motorized water pumps. These were mentioned as potential benefits evidencing for the stated inference, towards sharing women’s burden and further triggering for the improvement in women’s quality of lives in the proposed project target areas. It is also believed to facilitate communication and interaction of women both within and outside of the ZOI using mobile phone service.

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1.5.2.2. Factories, Industries and Enterprises Initiated

Provision of electric power supply creates opportunity for factories and industries to be established. Small and micro enterprises would often flourish with the emerging electric power supply in a given area. Carpentry/wood work, metal works, hair dressing, grinding mills are few to mention in this regard. This will also be another dimension expected to be exhibited following the implementation of the two EPTLP projects. 1.5.3. Negative/Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures The proposed route options will have impacts on the existing land use, both temporarily and permanently. This could be affected by the construction of the transmission line, erection of tower pads, construction of new substation and construction of access roads.

Lot-II: Fincha - Shambu 230 kV EPTLP • The transmission line will have a free corridor of 30 meters Right of Ways (ROWs). As a result, during the construction period, about 9 ha of land expected to be affected temporarily. According to the directive issued by the Ethiopian Electric Agency (Directive # EEA/1/2005 Article 7, Sub Article 7.1.4 ) farmers are allowed to cultivate seasonal crops up to 7 meters height and slow growing vegetation beneath the overhead electricity line transmission line projects not exceeding voltage of 230kV. Hence, the project will not affect agricultural production and livelihood activities under the designated ROW. ▪ The total numbers of towers assumed to be erected are about 86 with an average span of 350meters. Each tower pad is expected to occupy about 81m2 and altogether a total of about 0.69 ha of land will be affected permanently due to erection of tower pads. ▪ There will be a permanent loss of land to be affected by the construction of new substation at Horro woreda2. It occupies about 9 ha of land area. ▪ About0.9 ha of land would be temporarily affected due to construction of access road. ▪ In total, about 19.59 ha of land would be affected because of ROWs, erection of tower pads, construction of new substations, and construction of access roads. ▪ As a result, 269 households (about 15 houses and 9,268perennial fruits and other trees) will be affected. Lot-IV Site: Azezo-Chilga 230 kV EPTLP ▪ The transmission line will have a free corridor of 30 meters Right of Ways (ROWs). As a result, during the construction phase, about 12 ha of land expected to be affected temporarily due to the ROW establishment. ▪ The total numbers of towers assumed to be erected are about 114 with an average span of 350 meters. Each tower pad is expected to occupy about 81 m2 and altogether a total of about 0.92 ha of land will be permanently affected.

2 Woreda is an Amharic word equivalent to the English word of District. It is established as a territorial division for governmental administrative and electoral purposes, having basic administrative units, such as judiciary, health and education offices, police, tax revenue collection, business licensing and regulations, land management, municipal services and other governmental functions. It is the highest-level administrative structure under the Zone, also responsible for managing and supervising local level or Kebele administrations

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▪ There will be a permanent loss of land to be affected by the construction of new substation at Chilgaworda. It occupies about 9 ha of land. ▪ About 1.2 ha of land would be affected by construction of access road temporarily. ▪ Therefore, in total, about 23.12ha of land will be affected as the result of the ROWs, erection of tower pads, construction of new substations, and construction of access roads. ▪ As a result, 538 households (about 306 houses and 18,413 fruit and other trees) will be affected. 1.5.3.1. Impacts on Vulnerable Groups According to the Ethiopian Constitution and World Bank’s OP/BP 4.12, vulnerable groups can include households headed by women, households victimized by HIV/AIDS that are headed by children, households made up of the aged or handicapped, households whose members are impoverished, or households whose members are socially stigmatized (as a result of traditional or cultural bias) and economically marginalized.

Lot II of Fincha-Shambu:- the field survey identified 98 PAPs representing vulnerable groups (23female headed households, 21 elderly and female headed households, and 54 elderly male headed households).Out of the total 98 heads of households who are identified as vulnerable, 88 households will be affected by the transmission line while the remaining 10 households will be affected by substation..

Lot-IV of Azezo-Chilga:- the field survey identified 148 PAPs representing vulnerable group (46 female headed households, 22 elderly and female headed households, and 80 elderly male headed households).Out of the total 148 heads of households that to be vulnerable, 99 households will be temporarily affected while the remaining 49 households will be affected permanently.

The identified Vulnerable PAPs from both transmission lines constitute of elderly men, women head of households without labour.

1.5.3.2. Impacts on Women

During the census survey 112 project affected households were female headed households and out of 4223 PAPs 2095 were female which is nearly 50% of PAPs. Accordingly, at the time of implementing the Resettlement Action Plan, a special attention will be given to gender issues due to the following reasons: -

• Gender disparities that already exist in society and within the family tend to become aggravated in situations of involuntary displacement, rendering women and children, especially female children, vulnerable. This may manifest itself in greater morbidity or violence or fall in nutritional status.

• Involuntary dislocation could increase the burden on women. Generally, women are responsible for food, fuel, and fodder in the family. Often, fuel and fodder can become scarce as a result of negative environmental effects on natural resources like forest, water, and land. This can have direct impact on women, because they are responsible for gathering fuel and fodder. Unless this impact is addressed in resettlement execution, it could result in women spending more time and resources accessing these basic needs.

• Increase of social evils and violence against women could increase because of displacement. Alcoholism, prostitution, and gambling resulting from displacement affect the lives and status of

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Final RAP Document for Fincha - Shambu and Azezo - Chilga 230 kV TLPs

women. Women are sometimes forced to face new forms of violence, such as sexual abuse and prostitution. Gender disparities embedded in social practice and tradition render women vulnerable to sexual and physical violence. Involuntary dislocation can affect people both physically and psychologically. Loss of land or livelihood can result in loss of self-esteem in men, which in turn sometimes leads to violence against women and children.

• The needs and problems of women are likely to be different from those of men, particularly in terms of social support, services, employment, and means of subsistence for survival. For example, relocated women might face greater difficulty than relocated men in reestablishing markets for home industry produce or small trade items if they are constrained by lack of mobility or by illiteracy.

• Security of tenure is an important issue. It can even be more important for displaced women because they could become disenfranchised. Single women, widows, and women-headed households could potentially be divested of land and property by family members. Thus, the support to be provided for female headed households should include the following packages:

• Building and rebuilding of residential houses,

• Transferring and transporting of household items and materials to the newly constructed residential houses or businesses,

• Provision of appropriate and adequate toilet and sanitation facilities,

• In situations of involuntary dislocation, provision of free and compulsory education should be one of the first amenities to be developed, along with housing and sanitation,

• Female staff should be assigned by the concerned Woreda Administration to work with and assist women in all aspects of resettlement activities, including implementation of income restoration programs. Involve women’s groups in resettlement management and operations, job creation, and income generation. Consideration of gender issues is crucial in the implementation of resettlement and rehabilitation programs,

• Special needs and requirements of women must be considered and addressed in all program aspects—site selection, site and housing design, provision of civic infrastructure, access to service, provision of land and housing title, payment of compensation, and income restoration,

• Ensure that the process of land acquisition and resettlement does not disadvantage women;

• Ensuring that land titles and compensation entitlements are issued in the name of both spouses;

• Improving access to productive assets (credit, legal reform);

• Improving participation in decision making (support for women’s interest groups); and

• Promoting equal opportunity for women’s employment

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2. Socio-Economic Background and Description of the Project Location

2.1. Project Location and Administrative Set-up

Lot-II Site: Fincha -Shambu 230 kV EPTLP This lot is located in Horo-GuduruWolega Zone of the Oromia National Regional State, western part of Ethiopia. It startes from the Fincha II existing substation at Fincha town which is in Abay- Chomenworeda and traverses seven kebeles to end in new planned substation at Horro Woreda.

Lot-IV Site: Azezo- Chilga 230 KV EPTLP

This lot is located in North Gonder Zone of the Amhara National Regional State, Northern part of Ethiopia. It states from the Azezo existing substation at Gonder city ofAzezo Ayermarefia sub city,kebele 20 and traverses through two kebeles of Gonder city and continue to newly planned substation at Anguabularege kebele, Chilga Woreda.

Table 2-1: Lists of Administrative Setups Affected by the Project- Source: - Field survey, 2017 Project Region Zone Woredas Kebeles Lot-II:Fincha - Oromia Horro- Abay- Fincha 01 Shambu 230 kV GuduruWollega Chomen Jere Power Transmission -Qetela Line Project Homi - Arbass Horro Doyo – Berisso DidibeKistana Total 2 7 Lot-IV:Azezo – Amhara North Gonder Gonder AzezoAyermarefiya Sub city 20 kebele Chilga 230 kV City Azezo-Dmaza Sub-city 19 kebele Power Transmission KelileEyesus Line Project Dembia Der-MarAnkera-Deza Mekuamiya- Narew- Awrarda AmbagulitAnguabulargay AynbaSenbetDeber Chilga Alemtsehay

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Total 3 12

2.2. Baseline Socioeconomic Characteristics 2.2.1. Population and Household Size

Lot- II, Fincha – Shambuproject Woredas are inhabited by an estimated population size of 171,659; of whom, 86,888 are male and 84,771 are female.

Lot IV, Azezo – ChilgaprojectWoredas and city holds an estimated population size of 911,129; of whom, 449,219 are male and 461,910 are female.

Table 2-2 Population size by sex in Project Woredas and City Projects Region Zone Woredas and Total population City Male Female Total Lot-II:Fincha – Oromia Horro- Abay- Chomen 37,026 36,864 73,890 Shambu230 kV GuduruWollega Horro 49,862 47,907 97,769 Power TL Total 86,888 84,771 171,659 LotIV:Azezo– Amhara North Gonder Gonder City 168992 182682 351,674 Chilga230 kV Power TL Dembia 160124 161750 321,874 Chilga 120103 117478 237,581 Total 449219 461910 911,129 Source: Woredas and City Administrations Offices, 2017.

The above presentation shows that, Horro Woreda has the largest population size, under Lot II which is 97,769 while under lot IV, Gonder City has the largest population size, which is estimated to be 351,674.

2.2.2. Ethnic Composition and Religion

According to the data obtained from Woredas and City Administrations, the major ethnic groups in Fincha – Shambu (LotII) is Oromo, followed by Amhara. In Azezo – Chilga (LotIV), Amhara and Kimant are the major ethnic groups.

Protestant and Orthodox Christian religions are the dominant religions in Lot II and Lot IV projects respectively.

There are no ethnic minorities in and around the project area whose traditional life style could be compromised through the development of the proposed projects. Therefore, no indigenous people development plan will be required.

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Settlement Patterns and Housing Characteristics

Under Fincha- Shambu 230 kV TL project study area, people follow a permanent and scattered type of settlement pattern. Most resident of rural people settled in scattered way while, some urban residents’ settlement pattern is village type.

Most of the houses in the proposed project area are houses of corrugated iron sheet roofing with mud and some houses are tukuls with grass roof.

Their economy mainly depends on crop and livestock production. The major crops cultivated in the area include: Teff, Sorghum, Barley, Maize and Niger seed. The communities in the project areas support their livelihood from selling the above-mentioned crops, and dairy farm products, such as, milk and butter to the surrounding community.

The settlement pattern of the people in Azezo – Chilga 230 kV TL project area is permanent and scattered type. Most of the PAPs living in rural villages settled in scattered type while some of the PAPs living in urban site settled in village type and congested in one area. Almost all project affected people use corrugated iron sheet (CIS) with mud and block.

Land use for most project areas is rain fed agriculture. Crop production activity is carried with livestock production in rural project areas. The major crops cultivated in the project area include: Teff, Sorghum, Barley, Maize and millet. The communities in the rural project areas support their livelihood from agriculture while the people in the urban project area depend on house rent, pension, Government employment and daily labor etc.

2.2.3. Land use system

As indicated in the above table, land classification of Fincha –Shambu Project affected Woredas with order of importance are cultivated land 57,726ha, forest land 54,484.50 ha, grazing land 11,849.05ha, uncultivated land 11,059.25 ha, buildup5,943 ha, bush and shrub land4,353.98 ha and the land cover with water bodies and wet land are 3,814ha and 2,703 ha respectively.

The present land use system of Azezo – Chilga Project affected Woredas and city is divided in to five land use classes. Cultivated land 899,372 ha, grazing 42,405 ha, uncultivated 26,208 ha, forest 4,829.744 ha, buildup 2,971.25ha, bush and shrub 2,196.73 ha, water bodies 2,193 ha and wet land 5 ha.

Crop production is at subsistence level in the region in general and in the project area in particular. This is mainly due to the traditional farming system that is mainly based on hoe cultivation system. Besides, there is no adequate modern input to improve production by those farmers who are engaged in crop farming. Farming practices in the general project areas are still traditional. Machinery, fertilizers and pesticides are usually not available. Farmers practice sedentary food crop production using oxen for ploughing. Shifting cultivation is common practice in area. It is an old land use practice which involves clearing of the forest and burning the thrash before crop farming. After some years of cropping the land is left fallow in order to restore the fertility of soil.

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As data sources obtained from the agriculture sector offices in the affected project areas reveals, the average land holding size per household is about 0.5 ha. Along with efforts exerted to improve crop production, attention has been provided to the development of livestock rearing to complement the need for food security in the Oromia region which is part of the general project affected areas.

2.2.4. Livestock

Livestock are principal inputs of production process. Livestock rearing is an important aspect of rural economy, which provides cash income and products for home consumption. The communities involved in different livestock and honey production activities, such as cattle, goat, sheep, donkey, mule, horse and poultry. Based on data sources obtained from four Woredas within the project, the most commonly owned types of livestock with proportion of holders owning them against average held size per household in the general project area are presented in the table below.

Table 2-3: Types of livestock against average held size per house hold in general project area (2015) Type Average holding per house hold in % Cattle all types 5-4 Sheep 5.6 Goat 7-10 Donkey 2-3 Mule 1-2 Poultry 5-7 Beehives Na

Source: Project affected in four Woreda Agriculture Offices (2015)

Cattles in the project area are used primarily for dairy and meat production, as well as, farm traction. Mules and donkeys are most frequently used for transportation. Poultry and their produce are useful for households’ income sources and expenditure.

2.2.5. Crop production

Crop production and animal husbandry are the main means of livelihood in the projectsstudy Woredas. The main crops produced in Lot II and Lot IV project study areas are Teff, Barley, Sorghum, Maize, Millet, Niger seed.

Table 2-4: Average Productivity of Major Crops/ hectare in Project Affected Woredas and City Types of crops Productivity in Woredas and city/ha Lot -II:Fincha – Shambu Lot-IV:Azezo–Chilga Horro AbayChomen Gonder City Dembia Chilga Teff 19.45 13 30 24.96 21.4 Sorghum 29 25 25.46

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Barley 31.04 18.18 28 22 Maize 62.25 61.98 75 58.1 49.2 Millet - - - 31.19 21.6 Niger seed 8.798 - - - - Source: - Agricultural and Land Administration Offices, 2017.

2.2.6. Physical Infrastructures and Social Services Health Services

Lot- II of Fincha – Shambu project: based on the information gathered from health offices in the project affected Woredas, the present health service institutions are; 12 health centers, 40 health posts, 1medium clinic, 1 pharmacy and 7 drug stores. Among the two affected Woredas in Lot II project location, woreda has the highest health coverage that reaches 100%. The data collected from health offices indicates that there are 331 health professionals working in 61 different health institutions in Lot- II project.

Lot IV Azezo –Chilgaproject: based on the information gathered from health offices in the project affected Woredas and city, there are 4 hospitals, 37 health centers, 40 health posts, 14 higher clinics, 20 medium clinics, 3 laboratories, 23 pharmacies and 59 drug stores. In this project area there are 751 health professionals working in 236 different health institutions.

Education Service

Education plays an indispensable role in shaping the lives of individuals and the society at large. The most effective way of boosting economic growth, reducing poverty and improving people’s health is by investing in education. Ethiopia has made significant progress at all levels of education system. Within the framework of the current education policy and development strategies, the country has been working to improve education sector particularly, in expanding educational opportunities through constructing new universities.

About 89 all level schools found in Fincha – Shambu project affected woredas. Amongst, 4 are kindergartens, 70 are primary schools (1-8 grade), 10 are high schools (9&10), 3 preparatory schools (9-12 grade), and 2 TVETs. It is known that a total of 40,611students (20,669 male and 19942 female) and 1,126 teachers (710 male and 416 female) are found in all educational institutions.

InAzezo–Chilga project affected woredas and city, about 376 all level schools found; 28 are kindergartens, 318 are primary schools (1-8 grade), 16 are high schools (9 and 10), 13 preparatory schools (9-12 grade). In total, there found to be 215,361students (130,753 male and 125,219 female) and 6,827 teachers (2,953 male and 3,874 female) in all educational institutions.

Water Supply

Water is one of the most abundantly supplied elements of nature. It is an essential resource to sustain human, animal and plant life.

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The sources of water in the two projects affected Woredas and City Administrationare; pipe water, hand dug well, and springs.

Safe drinking water is essential to human however; the distribution of clean water supply is not adequate in the projects affected area. Sources of drinking water identified by the survey that people far from access roads and live in rural areas use water from well and spring. Also, forced to walk a long distance to fetch clean water whereas, the urban residents use water from piped water. Under Azezo - Chilga Project, residents of Gonder city have pipeline within their houses.

According to Health offices, the potable water supply coverage in Fincha – Shambu project affected AbayChomen and Horroworedas is 57.5% and 64 %, respectively. While in Azezo – Chilga project affected Gonder city, Dembia Woreda and Chilga woreda, potable water supply coverage is 49%, 56.46% and67.7% respectively.

Source of Energy

In the two projects rural areas firewood and kerosene are the primary energy contributors. In rural areas, most of the households use firewood, dung and crop residuals for cooking and most of them use kerosene for lighting. The residents of rural people who are closed to schools, health institutions and training centers have access to electric for light while in urban area electricity is the primary energy contributor. However, the proposed Fincha – Shambu and Azezo – Chilga project areas getting power by 33 kV feeders. These feeders are spanning a long distance and are over loaded due to many tapping connections on them. In addition, these feeders are facing frequent power interruptions. Therefore, they are causing high voltage to drop on the way and communities are suffering from power quality and cuts problems.

Transportation and Communication Services

In Fincha – Shambu 230 kV TLPstudy areas, there are Fincha hydropower dam contributing for Ethiopia to have hydropower as well as Fincha Sugar factory that holds larger land than the woreda’s people settlement. Nevertheless, the road infrastructure construction is poor. The main roads from Gedo town to Fincha town and from Bako to Shambu town are examples for this. However, to increase road accessibility of the towns, two main roads are under construction.

The most common mode of transport in surveyed locations is road transport. According to the data obtained from the woredas, the total distance coverage by the roads built is 218.75km. Of this, the total distance covered by paved roads is 7.5km, 211.25km covered by gravel roads.

Three wheels (Bajaj)cross country buses, carts, pack animals (horses, donkeys and mules) areused by the communities for mobility on top of on-foot mechanism.

In Azezo – Chilga230 kV TLP study area, there is adequate transport option to move outside Gonder city within the region and outside. The transport modes in the project woredas and city are road and air transport. The most common mode of transport is road transport. According to the data obtained from the woredas and city administration, the total distance coverage by the roads built is 433 km. Of this, the total distance covered by paved roads is 337 km, 96 km covered by gravel roads.

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Cross country buses are common transportation options for long distance journey that made it easy for travelers to and from Gonder; in the city transportation service providers organized themselves in two associations that are delivering 16 hours of transportation services. These associations have members of 3,355 minibuses, 1,400 Bajaj and 2 city buses. In addition to the above means of transportation, the people in the study areas use carts, motorcycle, pack animals (horses, donkeys and mules) and walk for mobility. The other transport mode in this project area is air transport; Gonder AtseTeodros Airport is the only air transport facility.

Banks and Other Financial Institutions Financial institutions play a crucial role in supporting and strengthening business activities, promoting credit and savings, accelerating investment and accumulation of capital. Based on the data collected from Woredas, there are 5 governmental, private and Micro Finance Institutions in Fincha – Shambu230 kV TL project affected woredas.

In Azezo - Chilga230 kV TL Project study area, particularly of Gonder City, there exist active and growing business transactions that produce vast amount of hard currencies generated from international tourists coming to the area. Considering the situation in Gonder City, many finance, and insurance companies have opened their branches. About 64 branches of banks, of which 10 governmental, 45 private based as well as 9 Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs) are found in Gonder city. Based on the data collected from Woredas and City administration, in general, there are 77 governmental, private based banks and MFIs.

2.2.7. Women in the project area

The majority of women in Ethiopia are concentrated at the bottom of the ladder in terms of employment, education, income and status. Traditionally, women have always assumed a role that is subordinate to their male counterparts. But in relative terms, things seem to be changing over the years, especially in urban centers and now policy makers are considering women’s rights in an improved approach than ever.

Ethiopia`s Constitution and national policies are consistent with international legal instruments on gender equality, including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), the Bejjing Plat-form of action, the African Charter on Human and People`s Rights, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Ethiopian constitution (Article 35) guarantees the rights of women as equal to those of men in all spheres including equality in marriage, the right to equal employment and rights to maternity leave with pay, the right to acquire, administer, control, use and transfer property with emphasis on land and inheritance issues and the right to access family planning and education. Equality between men and women, and boys and girls are one of the central pillars of GTP. A new Federal Family Code, based on the principle of gender equality, came into effect in July 2000.It raised the minimum age of marriage from 15-18 years and established the rights of women to share any assets the household had accumulated if a couple has been living together for at least three years in an irregular union. The Ethiopian Penal Code criminalizes domestic violence and harmful traditional practices including early marriage, abduction, and female genital mutilation.

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Regarding with the situation of gender issues in the project areas, there is women’s affairs office at Woreda level, which is responsible to promote gender equity and eventually do away with gender-based discrimination and women’s subordination to men. However, realities in the ground reveal that, not much has been achieved so far in this respect. Hence, the economic and social status of women is observed to be as miserable as ever. In the project influence zones women are still subordinate to men in all spheres of life, and traditional practices that violate the legal and human rights of women are still practiced. Among the harmful traditional practice early marriage, forced marriage, female genital mutilation, rape, wife beating, and sexual harassment are still prevalent in Ethiopia.

Concerning gender division of labor, women’s share of productive and reproductive activities, burdens of household chores are cumbersome as is the case in most societies. Although considerable improvement is observed regarding school enrolment of girls during the last decade or so, undoubtedly parents still prefer to send their boys to school than their daughters. Even after girls are sent to school, it is very likely that the majority among the dropouts is girls owing to early and forced marriage arrangements by parents.

Moreover, women have a limited say in family planning, be it birth spacing or limiting the number of children. It has been observed that, poverty and economic dependence of women on men is one obstacle in the realization of women’s empowerment.

Both women and men play substantial economic roles in Ethiopia, while women bear the brunt of domestic tasks in addition to agricultural and other productive works.

In the projects affected rural areas, women spend an average of 1 hour per day for fetching water while in the city they use pipelines within their houses. In addition to fetching water, rural women have additional responsibilities including preparing and transforming food products, doing household chores, taking care of children, the sick and the elderly, as well as maintaining their productive roles in agriculture. Lack of electricity is the direct contributor to women being overburdened, because reliance on firewood for cooking is extremely time-consuming, labour intensive and highly inefficient.

As already stated, agriculture is central to the livelihoods of the projects study area. Men perform land clearance, ploughing, seed selection, planting and harvesting activities and spending more time on these. Among these activities, women share land clearance and planting tasks. In addition, they perform storage preparation and management and weeding activities. Women in the project area do a number of tasks in a day and work the longest hour than men.

Gender-based violence (GBV)

Risk Level Gender-based violence (GBV) has no boundaries. It cuts across societies, classes, races, religions and ethnicities. GBV is most commonly committed by an intimate partner or family member. Whether perpetrated by a stranger, spouse or other individual in their lives, violence or the threat of violence causes many women to lose the ability to control their own reproductive health and plan their families. Sexual assault can lead to unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Additionally, women who experience emotional or physical violence or other forms of abuse within their relationships may also have less ability to

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negotiate the use of condoms or other contraceptives with their partner in order to protect themselves from these outcomes. So as to protect women from any potential or actual sexual exploitation, discrimination, stigma and abuse, the contractor will exercise good employee management practice in order to create an enabling environment for women to freely and fairly participate and enjoy equal opportunities within the project influence zone. Violence and abuse can also create steep barriers to accessing healthcare. Some women may be limited in their ability to independently travel to health centers, make personal decisions about their care, and pay for services. For many others, stigma and fear can discourage them from seeking information or help.

Mitigation Measures Project contractors are responsible in implementing nationally and internationally attained best practices on the actual implementation of gender and social development programs in the project influence zone and ensure the empowerment of women within the project influence zone. The company will respect, protect and implement all policies and legal provisions through implementing the recommended activities in coordinating, integrating and building the capacity of local stakeholders at all levels on gender mainstreaming within the road project influence zone. The assigned contractors should do more and commit itself for the actual implementation of gender and social development programs through creating ample job opportunities at different levels based on their capacity and interest so as to ensure gender equality and the empowerment of women at the company level. The project will establish a reporting mechanism and support system for gender-based violence. The Grievance redress mechanism established to address for any project related grievances will be responsible for managing the GBV cases. However, as GBV is very sensitive issue, the GRM committee will receive specific training on the scope and mechanism of addressing GBV related cases including referral procedures. If GBV cases happened in the project area, the contractor will be responsible to provide all required services including counseling service and medical treatment mostly in the project clinic as well as safehouse provision. If the case is found to be beyond the capacity of the clinic, the contractor will be responsible to take the abused for treatment to higher level medical facilities that are located outside of the project site and assist the survivor in the purchase of medicines and hospitalization. In addition to supporting in the counseling and medical treatment, the Contractor will also assist the survivor to take the case to legal courts if that is the wish of the survivor. In addition, it is proposed that a Gender expert to be responsible for the implementation of gender mainstreaming and prevention of gender-based violence will be hired under the monitoring consultant. The Gender expert is also expected to work in liaison with each of the woreda’s women’s affairs offices. With all these process ERA will have a responsibility to monitor the of the Contractor and build the capacity of the Grievance redress committee. Further, the contractor will produce a code of conduct with stringent enforcement mechanism.

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3. Policy, Legal, Institutional and Administrative Frameworks

3.1. National Legal Frameworks

3.1.1. Land ownership policy in Ethiopia Land in Ethiopia is a public property and that no individual person has the legal right of ownership, and hence, rural or urban land could not be sold or mortgaged or transferred; citizens have usufruct right only over land. Usufruct right gives the user of the land the right to use and the right to benefit from the fruits of her/his labor which may be crops, trees, etc. found on the land or any permanent works such as buildings etc. In Ethiopia, land ownership is basically a constitutional issue.

According to the Constitution of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) article 40.3, land is a public property that no individual person has the legal right of ownership. There is no private ownership of land in Ethiopia, as per FDRE constitution Article 40 (the Right to property) No.2, “Land is a common property of the Ethiopian Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia and shall not be subject to sale or to other means of exchange”.

The Constitution states that the Government has the right to expropriate private property for public use subject to payment in advance of compensation commensurate to the value of the property. The FDRE Constitution (Article 40, No. 8) states that the Government has the right to expropriate private property for public purposes by providing the appropriate compensation.

FDRE Constitution lays down the basis for the property to be compensated in case of expropriation as a result of State programs or projects in both rural and urban areas. Persons who have lost their land because of acquisition of such land for public projects are entitled to be compensated to a similar land plus the related costs arising from relocation; assets such as buildings, crops or fruit trees that are part of the land etc.

Hence, Article 40 No.7 FDRE Constitution states the right of citizens to develop the land and to have immovable property and make permanent improvements. “Every Ethiopian shall have the full right to the immovable property he builds and to the permanent improvements he brings about on the land by his labor or capital. This right shall include the right to alienate, to bequeath, and, where the right use expires, to remove his property, transfer his title, or claim compensation for it. Particulars shall be determined by law”.

Article 40, No. 8 of the Constitution, states that if the land that is used by an individual is expropriated for public use, the person is entitled for compensation; “… the Government has the

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right to expropriate private property for public purposes subject to payment in advance of compensation commensurate to the value of property”.

Regarding displacement of the public due to development projects, the FDRE Constitution of Article 44 (Environmental Rights) No.2 states that:

“All persons who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected because of state programs have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation, including relocation with adequate state assistance.

3.1.2. Rural Land Administration and Land Use Proclamation, No456/2005

The Constitution of FDRE as a supreme law of the country provided general guidance on the provisions concerning tenure rights over rural land implementation to be determined by subsequent specific laws to be issued at both the Federal and Regional levels. Accordingly, the Rural Land Administration and Land Use Proclamation No. 456/2005 was issued in 2005 to further determine the land use system and land use rights in the country. The Proclamation provides that land administration laws to be enacted by Regions should be based on the provisions provided therein and specifies the basic principles of rural land distribution and utilization including the scope of land use rights which Regional laws should grant. Similar to the Constitution, the Proclamation provides that peasants and pastoralists right to get rural land holding free of charge the size of which shall be determined based upon the specific local conditions. 3.1.3. Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation, Proclamation No. 455/2005

In order to facilitate expropriation of landholding and payment of compensation, the government enacted a proclamation in July 2005 on the “Expropriation of landholding for public purposes and payment of Compensation” Proclamation No. 455/2005. The objective of the proclamation was to define the basic principles that have to be taken into consideration in determining compensation to a person whose landholding has been expropriated. The proclamation indicated certain procedures to be followed during the expropriation of landholdings: Power to expropriate Landholding: as per the proclamation, a Woreda3 or an urban administration shall up on payment in advance of compensation have the power to expropriate rural or urban land use holding for public purpose. Where the land should be used for a better development projects to be carried out by public entities, private investors, cooperative societies or other organs, or where such expropriation has been decided by the appropriate higher regional or federal government organ for the same purpose and investors.

Notification of expropriation order: In this context the landholders will be notified in writing, when they should vacate and the amount of compensation to be paid. The period of notification to be given shall be determined by directives, it may not, in any way, be less than 90 days. The

3 Woreda is the second lower layer of administration with the authority to expropriate land use holdings, provide replacement land and pay compensation for a land that is used for public purpose.

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landholder shall handover the land to the Woreda or urban administration within in 90 days from the date of payment of compensation. The responsibility of implementing Agency, as defined in the proclamation, include preparing detail data pertaining to the land needed for its works and send same, at least one year before the commencement of the works and to the organs empowered to expropriate land, pay compensation in accordance with this proclamation to landholders whose holdings have been expropriated. As per Article 7 of the Proclamation, the amount of compensation is based on certain conditions, which include; ➢ The landholder whose holding has been expropriated shall be entitled to payment of compensation for his property situated on the land and permanent improvements he/she made to such land; ➢ The amount of compensation for the property shall be determined on the basis of replacement cost of the property, and if it is in urban area, it may not, in any way be, less than the current cost of constructing a single room low cost house. ➢ Compensation for permanent improvement to land shall be equal to the value of capital and labour expended on the land, and costs of removal, transportation and erection shall be paid as compensation for property that could be relocated and continue its services as before.

It has been also indicated in the Proclamation Article 8, that the displacement compensation shall be paid within the following conditions: ➢ A rural landholder, whose landholding has been permanently expropriated, in addition to Article 7, be paid displacement compensation which is equivalent to ten times the average annual income he/she secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land. ➢ A rural landholder or holders of communal land whose landholding has been provisionally expropriated shall, in addition to Article 7, be paid until repossession of the land, and also for lost income based on the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land, however, such payment shall not exceed the amount of compensation payable under the above article. ➢ If Woreda administration confirms that a substitute land which can easily be ploughed and generate comparable income is available for the holder, the compensation to be paid as mentioned above shall only be equivalent to the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land. ➢ For urban landholder whose holding has been expropriated shall be provided with a plot of urban land and be paid displacement compensation equivalent to the estimated annual rent of the demolished dwelling house. For the business houses to be demolished, mutatis mutandis shall apply. ➢ Certified private or public institution or individual consultants on the basis of valuation formula adopted at the national level shall carry out the valuation of property situated on land to be expropriated. The proclamation has also indicated who should be the committee members during valuation of properties to be affected. It also states that the Woreda administration where the land to be expropriated is located in rural areas, shall assign a committee of not more than five experts having

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relevant qualification and if the land is located in urban area, the urban administration shall do the same for valuing property. If the land to be expropriated requires specialized knowledge and experience, a separate committee of experts, to be designated by the Woreda or urban administration, shall value it. As per the proclamation, complaints and appeals in relation to compensation payments are to be dealt with as follows: ➢ If the holder is dissatisfied with the amount of compensation, complaints might be lodged to administrative organ established to hear grievances related to urban landholdings. ➢ If administration organ to hear grievances related to urban holdings is not yet established, compliant shall be submitted to regular court having jurisdiction; ➢ The above organ shall examine the complaint and give its decision within short period of time as specified by directives issued by the region. ➢ The party dissatisfied with the decision rendered above may appeal to the regular appellate court or municipal appellate court within 30 days. ➢ The execution of an expropriation order may not be delayed due to a complaint regarding the amount of compensation. In the course of implementing the proclamation, the Ministry of Federal Affairs has the following duties and responsibilities: following up and ensuring that the provisions of the proclamation are complied with in a region, give technical and capacity building support to regions, and prepare in collaboration with other federal governments, national valuation formula for the determination of compensation payable under this proclamation, and submit the same to the Council of Ministers for approval. On the other hand, the Woreda and urban administrations have the following responsibilities and duties: pay or cause the payment of compensation to holders of expropriated land and provide them with rehabilitation support to the extent possible and maintain data of properties removed, town expropriated landholdings particulars and conditions of maintaining such data shall be prescribed by directives. 3.1.4. FDRE Council of Ministers Regulation (Regulation No. 135/2007)

Details of expropriation of land holding for public purpose and payment of compensation is issued by the Council of Ministers Regulation No /35/2007.The regulation provides the bases for property valuation situated on land holdings expropriated for public purposes. The regulation provides the bases for compensation of affected properties and assists the displaced or affected persons to restore their livelihood. The regulation sets the methods for the assessment of compensation, provision of land for land replacement and payment of displacement compensation. 3.1.5. National Policy on Women

The National Policy on women was issued in March 1993 emphasizing that all economic and social programs and activities should ensure equal access for both men and women to the country’s resources and in the decision-making process so that women can benefit equally from all activities carried out by the Federal and Regional Institutions. Among the main policy objectives is that laws, regulations, systems, policies and development plans that are issued by

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the government should ensure the equality of men and women and that special emphasis should be given to the participation of rural women. The National Policy on Ethiopian Women (1993) underlines the need to establish equitable and gender sensitive public policies that empower woman, especially in education and property rights, and engaging them in decision making. Improving healthy working conditions , ensuring access to basic services, protecting woman from harmful traditional practices are amoung the emphasized key issues.

3.1.6. Child Labor, public and workers safety (Proclamation No.377/2003)

Public and workers safety is mainly protected by Proclamation 377/2003. The proclamation covers health and safety at work, harmonious industrial relation and minimum workplace standard and addresses workplace vulnerability. Article 92-93 of the proclamation defines obligation of employers and employees in work place including assignment of safety officers and health committee. One of the most pertinenet laws that is placed to prevent child labor is proclamation 377/2003. The law prohibits child employment aged 14 and less and the engagement of young workers (between 14-18) in types of employments that are considered hazardous. The law limits the working hour of young worker to 7hrs and clearly states that they should not work nights (10 pm- 6am), holidays, overtime and weekly rest days. Following the proclamation, the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs defined type of job young workers should not be engaed in because it is harmeful and unsafe.

3.1.7. World Bank Policy on Involuntary Resettlement [OP 4.12]

The World Bank (WB) has set a policy and procedures on involuntary resettlement (OP/BP 4.12). The policy addresses the need for the treatment of project impacts, which cannot be avoided. The policy also sets eligibility criteria, resettlement instruments and monitoring, and other provisions. The key objective of the World Bank’s Operational policy 4.12 is to “ensure that displaced persons are assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher”. The Bank requires mitigation recommendations and resettlement action plan to ensure displaced persons are:

• Informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement; • Consulted upon, offered choices among, and provided with technically and economically feasible resettlement alternatives; • Offered prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost for losses of assets and moving allowances; cash compensation level should be sufficient to replace the lost land and assets at full replacement cost in the local markets; • Provided equivalent productive assets for the loss of residential houses, agricultural land etc.;

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• Supported during the transition period (between displacement and livelihood restoration) with development assistance (credit facilities; training and job opportunities);

The policy objectives also require

• Eligibility for compensations and other benefits should include all PAPs who have formal legal rights to land (include customary and traditional land rights recognized under the law), who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time of census but have a claim to such land or assets and those who have no recognizable legal right to the land they are occupying; • Preference will be given to land-based resettlement strategies for displaced persons whose livelihoods are land based and depreciation and salvage values will not be deducted from the compensation value; • Particular attention will be paid to the needs of displaced vulnerable groups, especially those below the poverty line, landless, elderly, women, children and ethnic minorities • The displaced persons and their communities will be provided timely and relevant information, meaningful consultation on resettlement options, and offered opportunities to participate in planning, implementing, and monitoring resettlement. • Appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms will be established, and a grievance redress mechanism will be made functional to resolve all complaints and grievances of PAPs.

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3.1.8. Gap analysis/Comparison of the National and WB on resettlement and compensation

There are a number of differences and gaps between the national policies and legislation and the World Bank Policy OP 4.12. These gaps relate to the general principles for resettlement, eligibility criteria, the notification period for expropriation and resettlement, and the procedures required throughout the resettlement process.

In the next table comparisons of the National Legal Provisions with that of the World Bank Operational Policies are presented as follows. Where there is a difference between nation law and OP 4.12, the higher standard shall prevail.

Table 3-1: Comparisons of National Legislation and World Bank Operational Polices Theme World Bank Op 4.12 Ethiopian Legislation Comparison Gap filling measures Policy World bank OP4.12 has overall Proclamation No 455/2005 The World Bank World Band OP 4.12 Objectives policy objectives, requiring that: (Article 3(1)) gives power to requirement for avoidance overall objectives shall be Involuntary resettlement should Woreda or urban or minimization of applied to avoiding or be avoided wherever possible, or administrations to “expropriate involuntary resettlement is minimizing involuntary minimized, exploring all rural or urban landholdings for not written into Ethiopian resettlement to ensure alternatives. public purpose where it believes legislation. Proclamation resettlement program is Resettlement program should be that it should be used for a No 455/2005 does not sustainable and includes sustainable, include meaningful better development…”This is indicate consultation with meaningful consultation. consultation with affected parties supported by Article 51(5) and displaced persons and provide benefits to the Article 40(8) of the 1995 throughout the resettlement affected parties Constitution. process, rather only allows Displaced persons should be Proclamation No 455/2005 for a complaints and assisted in improving livelihoods (Article 7(5) states that” the grievance process. etc or at least restoring them to cost of removal, transportation Although Proclamation No previous levels and erection shall be paid as 455/2005 allows for some compensation for a property form of support to the that could be relocated and displaced persons, it does continue to serves as before.” not explicitly state that livelihoods should be restored to previous levels or improved.

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Notification Article 10 of World Bank OP4.12 Article 4 of Proclamation No There is a gap in Displaced person should period /timing requires that the resettlement 455/2005 requires notification Proclamation No 455/2005 always be paid of displacement activities associated with a sub - in writing, with details of to allow land to be compensation and support projects are linked to the timing and compensation, expropriated before before the land is handed implementation of development which cannot be less than 90 necessary measures for over, as per World Bank program to ensure displacement days from notification. It resettlement take place, OP4.12. or restriction of access does not requires that land should be particularly before the occur before necessary measures handed over within 90 days of displaced person has been for resettlement are in place. In payment of compensation paid. This can have serious particular, taking of land and payments. If there is no crop or consequences for those related assets may take place only other property on the land, it affected, as they may be after compensation has been paid must be handed over within 30 displaced without shelter or and where applicable, days of notice of expropriation. livelihood. resettlement sites and moving It further gives power to seize allowances have been provided to the land through police force displaced persons. should the landholder be unwilling to hand over the land Eligibility for World Bank OP4.12 gives Proclamation No 455/2005, According to World Bank This RAP document Compensation eligibility to: Article 7(1) allows’ OP4.12, eligibility for acknowledges in an event Those who have formal legal landholders’ to be eligible for compensation is granted to where there is a rights to the land; compensation, where the term “affected parties". Ethiopian discrepancy between the Those who do not have formal “landholder” (Article2(3) Legislation only grants national law and WB legal rights to land, but have a means” and individual, compensation to those with OP/BP4.12 guidelines, the claim to such land; and government or private lawful possession of the WB policy prevails- Those who do not have organization or any other organ land, and as per (Those who have formal recognizable legal right or claim which has legal personality and Proclamation No 456, those legal rights to the land; to the land have lawful possession over the with traditional possession Those who do not have land to be expropriated and i.e. Communal lands. It formal legal rights to land, owns property situated thereon” therefore does not recognize but have a claim to such those without a legal right land; and or claim as eligible for Those who do not have compensation. recognizable legal right or

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claim to the land are eligible for compensation and resettlement assistance)

Compensation World Bank OP4.12 Article 6(a) Article 7 of Proclamation No. The World Bank Displaced persons will be requires that displaced persons 455/2005 entitles the landholder requirement for provided with prompt and are provided with prompt and to compensation for the compensation and valuation effective compensation at effective compensation at full property on the land on the of assets it that full replacement cost for replacement cost for losses of basis of replacement cost; and compensation and losses of assets attributable assets attributable directly to the permanent improvements to the relocation must result in the directly to the project. If project. If physical relocation is land, equal to the value of affected person must have physical relocation is an an impact, displaced persons capital and labour expended. property and a livelihood impact, displaced persons must be provided with assistance returned to them to at least must be provided with during relocation and residential Where property is on urban equivalent standards as assistance during relocation housing, housing sites and /or land, compensation may not be before. This is not clearly and residential housing, agricultural sites to at least less than constructing a single stated in local housing sites and /or equivalent standards as the room low cost house as per the Proclamations. It is agricultural sites to at least previous site. Replacement cost region in which it is located. It expected that the equivalent standards as the does not take depreciation into also requires that the cost of regulations and directives previous site. Replacement account. In term of valuing removal, transportation and will provide more clarity cost does not take assets. If the residual of the asset erection will be paid as and clearer guidance in this depreciation into account. being taken is not economically compensation for a relocated regard. viable, property continuing its service as before. Valuation formula are provided in Regulation No. 135/2007 Responsibilities According to OP4.12, Article 14 Article 5 of Proclamation No The process required for the As per the World Bank of the project and 18), the borrower is 455/2005 sets out the project proponent / requirements, project proponent responsible for conducting a responsibilities of the implementing agency lacks processes included census and preparing, implementing agency, requiring descriptive processes in screening, a census, the implementing, and monitoring them to gather data on the land local legislations... development of a plan,

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the appropriate resettlement needed and works, and to send management of instrument. Article 24 states that this to the appropriate officials compensation payments the borrower is also responsible for permission. If also requires and monitoring and for adequate monitoring and them to pay compensation to evaluation of success. It evaluation of the activities set affected landholders. must also include proper forth in the resettlement consultation with the instrument. In addition, upon affected parties throughout completion of the project, the the process. borrower must undertake an assessment to determine whether the objectives of the resettlement instrument have been achieved. This must all be done according to the requirements of OP4.12. Article 19 requires that the borrower inform potentially displaced persons at an early stage about the resettlement aspects of the project and takes their views into account in project design. Cut-off date Persons occupying the program Nothing is said on the cut-off No clear procedure and Cut-off date should be set area after the cut-off date are not date on the Proclamation understanding and communicated eligible for compensation and/or 455/2005 or on the constitution properly with all key resettlement assistance. Similarly, stakeholders including fixed assets established after the PAPs and apply whenever cutoff date are not eligible for needed compensation. Consultation and OP 4.12 requires that affected Article 92 of the constitution Does not explicitly specify The project shall ensure disclosure of communities be consulted provides -People have the right consultation with affected adequate, inclusive and information regarding project implementation, to full consultation and to the persons through the process participatory consultation opportunity to participate, is implemented and all

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implement, and monitor expression of views-in the and no requirement of project documents are resettlement activities. planning and implementation of document disclosure. publicly disclosed. environmental policies and projects that affect them. GRM WB policy emphases that Proclamation 455/2005 clearly It doesn’t recognize The project shall have an effective and functional states where the holder of an participation of community independent functional Grievance system is in place. expropriated land holding is members in the GRM grievance redress dissatisfied with the amount of process mechanism that ensures the compensation he/ she may community members are lodge to the administrative part of the process. organ established to hear grievances related to land holding.

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4. Institutional Framework

This section provides institutional arrangements responsible for the implementation of the RAP.

4.1. Ministry of Finance

The Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation (MoF) is the responsible Ministry for the disbursement of the allotted budget for the resettlement. EEP responsible for budget allocation for the resettlement, which would be ratified by the House of the Peoples' Representatives.

4.2. Environment, Forest and Climate Change Commission (EFCCC)

The Commission is an autonomous government body reporting directly to the Prime minister. It has a broad mandate covering environmental matters at federal level. The main Responsibilities and broad organizational structure of the EFCCC include to establish a System for EIA of projects, policies, strategies, laws and programs and to enforce implementation of the ESIA process (i.e. review ESIA reports) and the recommendations which result from it for projects that are subject to Federal licensing, execution or supervision. EFCCC is also responsible to provide advice and technical support to the regions on Environmental matters.

In view of the multi-sect oral nature of the Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE) and the number of government agencies involved in various aspects of environmental management, overall co- ordination and policy review and direction is the responsibility of an Environmental Protection Council (EPC) within EFCCC, whose members represent the key agencies concerned with policy implementation. With these powers EFCCC has the mandate to involve itself with all environmental issues and projects that have a federal, inter-regional (involving more than one Region) and international scope.

4.3. Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity

The Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy is the regulatory body for the energy sector, inter alia. Based on the delegation from Ministry of Environment and Forestry, the whole draft RAP document will be submitted to the Ministry for reviewing purpose and then they will give their comments and recommendations and finally given approval /certify the implementation of the RAP and monitoring the performance of the RAP will also be undertaken by the Ministry.

4.4. Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP)

In 2013, Ethiopian Electric Power the corporation has been restructured into two institutions. Namely, the Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP) and Ethiopian Electric Utility (EEU) aiming at facilitation of the sector`s efficiency and effectiveness. Based on public enterprises Proclamation and Regulations (Proclamation No. 25/1992 and the Regulation Nos. 302/2013 and 303/2013) issued by council of minister. The said EEP is the project proponent, which is organizationally

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structured under the ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy. The primary purposes of EEP re- establishment are to: • Undertake feasibility studies, design and survey of electricity generation, transmission and substation; to contract out such activities to consultants as required; • undertake electricity generation, transmission and substation construction and upgrading; to contract out such activities to contractors as required; • lease electricity transmission lines as required; • sell bulk electric power; • sell and pledge bonds and to negotiate and sign agreements with local and international finance sources, in line with directives and policy guidelines issued by the Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation (MOFEC ) and • Undertake any other related activities, as necessary for attainment of its purposes

In view of the present RAP, the EEP is responsible: • To carry out the overall coordination activities of the RAP among different actors at federal level; and overall management and budget allocation for the RAP.

4.5. EEP Environmental and Social Office (EEP ESO)

EEP Environmental and Social Office is one of the functional areas of EEP to address the major environmental and social issues in the power sector development. The team works to make the power generation and transmission construction environmentally and socially sound and sustainable. It works in line with the environmental proclamations, policies and international conventions enforcing EEP to comply. The major task of the Environment and Social Office is to conduct periodic monitoring in power projects and operational activities of EEP, Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). The team ensures whether or not the EEP power projects are complying with the approved environmental and social management plan and undertaking the appropriate mitigation measures accordingly. The team will be providing technical support and regular monitoring of identified potential risks and agreed solutions, in accordance to the requirements set out in National/Ethiopia`s Resettlement Policy frameworks and the International Banks Group Project Financier/WB Safeguard Policies. 4.6. Environmental Health, Safety and Quality/EHS & Quality/ Environmental and Social Office of EEP

Environment and Social is one of the functional areas of EEP to address the major environmental and social issues in the power sector development. The team works to make the power generation and transmission construction environmentally and socially sound and sustainable. It works in line with the environmental proclamations, policies and international conventions enforcing EEP to comply.

The major task of the Environment and Social Office is to conduct periodic monitoring in power projects and operational activities of EEP, Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). The team ensures whether or not the EEP power projects are

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complying with the approved environmental and social management plan and undertaking the appropriate mitigation measures accordingly.

4.7. Transmission and Substation, Upgrading and Rehabilitation Project Office

Within the last few years, the country’s Rural Electrification Program, the industrial development and the fast development in the urban towns, have created a huge demand for electricity. This increasing customers and industrial demand consequently have created shortage and limitation on capacity of the existing transmission lines and substations. Hence, the Ethiopian Government and the former Ethiopian Electric Corporation and the current EEP proposes to use the proceeds of the loan allocated by the World Bank to the Transmission and Substation, Upgrading and Rehabilitation Project.

The Project office is coordinating the power supply construction for Lot II of Fincha-Shambu and Lot IV of Azezo-Chilga 230 kV Transmission Line Projects. The project office has responsibilities for the overall projects construction, procurement, coordination and implementation of the RAP.

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5. Eligibility Criteria and Entitlements

5.1. Eligibility Criteria and delivery of Entitlements

The resettlement and rehabilitation are recognized as civil rights in the Ethiopian legislation (Art. 44 No.2 of the Constitution of the FDRE), so that PAPs should be consulted and compensated for the loss of their properties due to Government or public induced projects. Moreover, the FDRE committed itself to abide the WB Operational Safeguard Policy on Involuntary Resettlement. Thus, EEP shall adopt the WB`s for resettlement/rehabilitation for the fact that the eligibility criteria set by the WB`s is basically comply with the Ethiopian national legal requirements.

The WB’s concerning the lost assets has stressed that households that have only partially lost their assets but are no longer economically viable should be entitled to full compensation/resettlement. Moreover, the following criteria for eligibility for the displaced persons are adopted for the RAP preparation:

• Those who have formal legal right to land (including customary and traditional rights recognized by the law of the Country). • Those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins but have a claim to such lands or assets, provided that such claims are recognized under the laws of the Country or become recognized through a process identified in the resettlement plan. • Those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying.

Eligibility to receive compensation is usually established through a cut-off date. Affected people who are settled in the area prior to the cut-off date, usually the date of census, are eligible persons (EPs). People who settle in the project affected area after the cut-off date will not be considered for compensation. For this particular case the cut-off date is the date when the land compensation survey completed. Using implementation of this RAP each affected household head or individual person or party that claim entitlement have to prove their legal rights over the property to be expropriated in order to qualify as a legitimate stakeholder and receive compensation. The cut-off date for Fincha-Shambu LOT-II and Azezo-Chilga LOT-Iv is 14/4/2017 and 31/5/2017 respectively, the time when the census was conducted, and this was communicated to PAPs.

5.2. Entitlement Matrix

This RAP is based on the National Policy Framework, World Bank Operational Policy of Involuntary Resettlement and other relevant laws and practices of the Government of Ethiopia. The resettlement entitlement matrix shown in Table 5-1 is based on these legal, administrative and policy frameworks and recognizes different types of losses associated with dislocation and resettlement. These include the loss of house, and crop and other agricultural properties.

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Table 5-1: Entitlement Matrix Land and Assets Types of Impact Person(s) Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits Agricultural land Cash compensation for usage title holder Cash compensation for the harvest or product from affected land equivalent to the affected land or asset, equivalent to ten times market value the average productivity of the land secured during Less than 20% of land holding the five years preceding the expropriation of the affected land considering market values. Land remains economically Tenant/ lease holder Cash compensation for the harvest or product viable. from the affected land or asset, equivalent to average market value of last 3 years, or market value of the crop for the remaining period of tenancy/ lease agreement, whichever is greater. Greater than 20% of land Farmer/ Title holder Land for land replacement where feasible, or holding lost compensation in cash for the entire landholding Land does not become according to PAP’s choice, taking into account economically viable. market values for the land, where available, plus transaction costs. Land for land replacement will be in terms of a new parcel of land of equivalent size and productivity with a secure tenure status at an available location which is acceptable to PAPs. Transfer of the land to PAPs shall be free of taxes, registration, and other costs. Relocation assistance (costs of shifting assistance in re-establishing economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short- term crops mature) Tenant/Lease holder Cash compensation equivalent to ten times the average annual income s/he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land. Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-establishing economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short- term crops mature Commercial land Land used for business Title holder/ Cash compensation for affected land, taking into partially affected business owner account market values for the land, where available. Limited loss Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 5% of net annual income, or actual income loss, whichever is larger, based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates where such records do not exist). Business owner is Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 10% lease holder of net annual income, or actual income loss, whichever is larger, based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates where such records do not exist). Assets used for business Title Land for land replacement or compensation in cash severely affected holder/business according to PAP’s choice; cash compensation to owner take into account market values for the land, where available, plus transaction costs. Land for land

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Land and Assets Types of Impact Person(s) Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits If partially affected, the replacement will be provided in terms of a new remaining assets become parcel of land of equivalent size and market insufficient for business potential with a secured tenure status at an purposes. available location which is acceptable to the PAP. Transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes, registration, and other costs. Relocation assistance (transport allowance) Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates) Business person is Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 lease holder months net income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates), or the relocation allowance, whichever is higher. Relocation assistance (costs of shifting) Assistance in rental/ lease of alternative land/ property (for a maximum of 6 months) to reestablish the business. Residential land Land used for residence Title holder Cash compensation for affected property on the partially affected, limited loss land, plus transaction costs. Remaining land viable for present use. Rental/lease holder Cash compensation equivalent to 10% of lease/ rental fee for the remaining period of rental/ lease agreement (written or verbal) Title holder Land for land replacement or compensation in cash according to PAP’s choice; cash compensation to take into account market values for the land. Land for land replacement shall be of minimum plot of acceptable size under the zoning law/s or a plot of equivalent size, whichever is larger, in either the community or a nearby resettlement area with adequate physical and social infrastructure systems as well as secured tenure status. When the affected holding is larger than the relocation plot, cash compensation to cover the difference in value. Transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes, registration, and other costs. Relocation assistance (costs of shifting (transportation allowance) Land and assets used for Rental/lease holder Refund of any lease/rental fees paid for time/use residence severely affected after date of removal Remaining area insufficient Cash compensation equivalent to 3 months of for continued use or becomes lease/ rental fee smaller than minimally Assistance in rental/ lease of alternative land/ accepted under zoning laws property Relocation assistance (costs of shifting (transportation allowance)

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Land and Assets Types of Impact Person(s) Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits Structures are partially Owner Cash compensation for affected building and other affected fixed assets taking into account market values for structures and materials. Remaining structures viable for continued use Cash assistance to cover costs of restoration of the Buildings and remaining structure structures Rental/lease holder Cash compensation for affected assets (verifiable improvements to the property by the tenant), taking into account market values for materials.

Disturbance compensation equivalent to two months rental costs Entire structures are affected Owner Cash compensation taking into account market or partially affected rates for structure and materials for entire structure and other fixed assets without depreciation, or Remaining structures not alternative structure of equal or better size and suitable for continued use quality in an available location which is acceptable to the PAP.

Right to salvage materials without deduction from compensation Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) Rehabilitation assistance if required (assistance with job placement, skills training) Rental/lease holder Cash compensation for affected assets (verifiable improvements to the property by the tenant) Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance equivalent to four months rental costs) Assistance to help find alternative rental arrangements Rehabilitation assistance if required (assistance with job placement, skills training) Squatter/informal Cash compensation for affected structure without dweller depreciation Right to salvage materials without deduction from compensation Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance to find alternative secure accommodation preferably in the community of residence through involvement of the project Alternatively, assistance to find accommodation in rental housing or in a squatter settlement scheme, if available) Rehabilitation assistance if required assistance with job placement, skills training) Street vendor Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 (informal without months net income based on tax records for title or lease to the previous year (or tax records from comparable stall or shop) business, or estimates), or the relocation allowance, whichever is higher. Relocation assistance (costs of shifting)

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Land and Assets Types of Impact Person(s) Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits Assistance to obtain alternative site to re- establish the business. Standing crops Crops affected by land PAP (whether Cash compensation equivalent to ten times the acquisition or temporary owner, tenant, or average annual income s/he secured during the five acquisition or easement squatter) years preceding the expropriation of the land. Trees Trees lost Title holder Cash compensation based on type, age and productive value of affected trees plus 10% premium Temporary Temporary acquisition PAP (whether Cash compensation for any assets affected (e.g. acquisition owner, tenant, or boundary wall demolished, trees removed) squatter) Loss of Livelihood Permanent acquisition Households living Training assistance for those interested individuals and/or working on for alternative income generating activities; the project area, providing employment opportunities on the including title construction site for the PAPs. holders/non-title holders/daily laborers working in the market Support for Permanent acquisition Vulnerable groups Special assistance will be provided. vulnerable groups affected by the Vulnerable group need assessment will be project conducted and vulnerable support plan prepared and implemented.

NB: ARCCH* = Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritages

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6. Socio Economic Survey of PAPs

6.1. Number of PAPs

A total of 807 household heads will be affected by the implementation of the project. Besides, the project will also affect 6 government institutions. The total family members of the project affected households are 4223 out of which, 2132 are male and the remaining 2095are female. The asset and property loss compensations are calculated per household. However, the payment will be transferred using a joint account opened by a husband and wife(partners). Appendix VII provides the names of the household and institutions identified during the field survey. Table 6-1: Project Affected People Name of Total PAPs People to be displaced project site Number of HH PAPs Number of HH PAPs Fincha -Shambu 269 1,163 9 45

Azezo- Chilga 538 3060 180 900 Total 807 4223 189 945

6.2. Religious back ground of PAPs

According to the field assessment, under Lot-II of Fincha – Shambu 230 kV Power TL Project, most of project affected households are followers of Protestant religion and their ethnic group is Oromo. In Lot-IV of Azezo - Chilga 230 kV Power TL Project area, households affected by the project are Kimant and Amhara communities and most of them are known to be followers of Orthodox Christian religion.

Table 6-3: Religious and Ethnic Composition of the Project Affected Households Project Woredas and Ethnic Group Household Religious Household City Group

Lot-II:Fincha – Abay- Chomen Oromo 152 Protestant 109 Shambu230 kV Muslim 15 Power TL Project Ortodox 28 Horro Oromo 94 Protestant 56 Amhara 1 Orthodox 39 Gonder City Amhara 184 Orthodox 173 Tigre 3 Muslim 13

Protestant 1 Dembia Kimant 12 Orthodox 210

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LotIV:Azezo - Amhara 200 Muslim 2 Chilga230 kV Chilga Kimant 79 Orthodox 112 Power Amhara 51 Muslim 8

Source: - Socio economic field survey, 2017.

Note - In Lot II FinchaShambuproject 22 households religion and ethnic data was not available. - In Lot IV AzezoChilga project 9 households ethnic and 19 households religion data was not available.

6.3. Education

Educational status of Lot –II of Fincha – Shambo 230 kV Power TL Project Affected Households (PAHs) indicates that 93of the households are illiterate, 1 household can only read and write, 63 households have primary level education, 25 households have secondary level education and remaining 7 households with Diploma and 2 households with Degree. 78 Households’ data for their educational background was not available.

In Lot-IV of Azezo -Chilga 230 kV Power TL Project, about 370 of the households are reported as illiterate and never attended school, 29 households can only read and write, 33 households have primary level of education, 35 households have secondary level education, 20 household have diploma level of education, 5 households with Degree and the remaining 46 households’ data was not available.

6.4. Settlement Pattern

All Project affected households living in Lot II-Fincha- Shambu 230 kV TL project leads a permanent and scattered type of settlement. Most of the houses in the proposed project area are houses of corrugated iron sheet roofing with mud and some are Tukuls with grass roof.

The settlement pattern of the project affected people in Lot IV- Azezo – Chilga 230 kV TL project is permanent and scattered type. Most of the PAPs living in rural villages settled in scattered type while some of the PAPs living in urban sites settled congested pattern in an area. Most of the houses in the proposed project area are houses of corrugated iron sheet roofing with mud and block and the remaining houses are Tukuls with grass roof and some were found under construction and at foundation stages.

6.5. Economic conduction and livelihood activities

The result of the survey reveals that the primary occupation of most of the households that will be affected by Fincha- Shambu 230 kV TLP is agriculture. Only few of the households reported trade and government employees as their primary occupation. The farming system is traditional

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type of cultivation mainly oxen ploughing. Crop production activity is carried out correspondingly with livestock production within project affected households.

The surveyed households grow different types of crops, mainly: Teff, Barley, Maize, Oil Niger and Sorghum. Most of the affected households support their livelihood from agriculture by selling the above-mentioned crops.

The annual income of households in Lot IV-Azezo – Chilga 230kV TLP is mainly generated from agriculture, house rent, pension, trade, government employment/ civil servants, and daily labor.

Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for the rural area residents while house rent in its own and coupled with other forms of engagement is the commonest means of livelihood for urban area residents, as learnt from the survey. The main crops produced are Teff, Maize, Millet and Sorghum.

6.6. Vulnerable Project Affected Persons

The socio-economic survey identified 246 vulnerable PAPs. The vulnerable PAPs are constituted of elderly men (above the age of 60) women heads of households. The names of project affected vulnerable households’ heads are given in Appendix V. At the time of implementing the compensation and the resettlement action plan of the project special attention, support and care should be given to female-headed households and to the elderly. The support will be made in rebuilding their houses, transferring and transporting their household items and materials to the newly constructed residential houses or houses used for business purpose.

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7. Valuation and Compensation for Loss and Resettlement Measures

In this RAP, the methodology for valuing assets will be based on at Full Replacement Cost as per current market price. Compensation will be based on Replacement cost and will be sufficient to replace assets, plus necessary transaction costs associated with asset replacement. Replacement costs are taken as a minimum estimate of the value of measures that will reduce the damage or improve on-site management practices and thereby prevent damage. The replacement cost approach involves; • direct replacement of expropriated assets and covers an amount that is sufficient for asset replacement,

• net depreciation,

• moving expenses and

• other transaction costs.

World Bank’s OP 4.12 defines replacement cost, “method of valuation of assets that helps determine the amount sufficient to replace lost assets and cover transition costs. In applying this method of valuation, depreciation of structures and assets should not be considered.” The strategy adopted for compensation of the affected properties / assets follows the Federal Government and Regional Government laws and regulations and OP4.12 of the World Bank Involuntary Resettlement Policy. Compensation for crops, structures, business, fixed improvements and other temporary impacts are based on among other things on market valuation, production & productivity valuation, material and labor valuation, and other associated costs and most importantly as per full replacement cost. Compensation for temporary impacts is calculated based on the criterion/principles; Compensation equivalent to lost income required for the duration of impact, • Compensation equivalent to lost income required for loss of access, and

• Physical restoration of assets (or access).

In addition, PAPs will be provided transitional assistance which includes moving expenses, temporary residence (rent fee for a maximum of 12 months) (if necessary), employment training and income support. In case of temporary impact, if duration of impact exceeds two years the PAPs will get additional compensation by considering the project impact is permanent and not any more considered as temporary. PAPs who do not have legal title will get resettlement assistance and compensation for their lost assets. However, as part of this RAP preparation, all PAPs identified have a legal title for their holdings. Infrastructures and Services affected by the construction works of the project need to be replaced or restored to its original level or in an improved manner. The compensation procedures and approach in this RAP will adopt the following five steps mentioned here bellow.

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a) Establishment of Property valuation committees: Woreda level Property valuation committee is established at each of the project' Woredas based on Proclamation no 455/2005. The property valuation committees will provide PAPs with details of compensation estimates, measurement of all affected assets and properties that PAPs will be losing. The compensation estimate, and valuation will be reviewed by the resettlement/compensation committee prior to effecting compensation payment. b) Assessment of properties and assets: All properties & assets affected by the project have been assessed at a full replacement cost, which is based on the present value of replacement c) Establishing unit rates: Unit rates are established for each of the expropriated assets and properties by the project. The unit rate is established for each of the affected properties and assets expropriated due to the construction works of the transmission Line on the basis of current market prices. d) Final review of unit rates, those properties and assets to be affected:Final review of those properties and assets to be affected will be undertaken by the valuation and compensation committees that are established at each woreda/district level during the commencement of the construction works. The valuation committee, in close consultation with PAPs and the resettlement committee will review and establish a new unit rate for the affected assets to be determined on the basis of market value. e) Payment of Compensation to PAPs: Compensation payment to PAPs will be effected after the property valuation committee makes the final estimate of compensation payable for the affected properties at a full replacement cost Payment to affected properties and assets will be effected before the commencement of the construction works. The payment procedures and mechanisms to be adopted will be simple and easily understandable to PAPs also, Compensation payment addresses the following four questions. o what to compensate for (e.g. land, structures, businesses, fixed improvements or temporary impacts, lost income); o how to compensate; o when to compensate; and o amount to be compensated

Compensation for land structures, business, fixed improvements and other temporary impacts are based on among other things, on current market value, production & productivity valuation, material land labour valuation, demolishing of salvage materials and other fees paid. If relocation of business becomes necessary, access to customers and suppliers should be assured. Compensation for temporary impacts is calculated based on the following criterion/principles;

• Compensation equivalent to lost income required for the duration of impact, • Compensation equivalent to lost income required for loss of access, and • Physical restoration of assets (or access).

In addition, PAPs are entitled to transitional assistance which include moving expenses, temporary residence (if necessary), employment training and income support while awaiting employment and should have an option for full replacement cost if duration of impact is to exceed two years. In

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preparing the valuation, it is the average cost which is assumed. It should be noted that costs of construction vary from one locality to the other.

Valuation for Loss of Houses In determining replacement cost for loss of houses, the following points are taken into consideration; ➢ Current construction cost and no allowance for deprecation is considered; ➢ Depreciation of the asset and the value of salvage materials are not taken into account, nor is the value of benefits to be derived from the project deducted from the valuation of an affected asset; ➢ The unit rate (or bill of quantity) is estimated on the basis of the type of the affected houses. The cost of each house to be replaced is estimated on the basis of specification and bill of quantities prepared by the woreda and kebele administration; irrespective of the location of the area, the unit costs for the similar types of houses are taken to be identical.

Those PAPs losing portion of their house will receive full compensation payment since the remaining portion of the house will not be habitable anymore and hence, PAPs need to construct new houses, in addition, these PAPs will have the choice of retaining the remaining portion of the plot as long as it is located outside of the ROW.

7.1. Valuation for permanent Loss of Agricultural Land The principle for permanent loss of agricultural land /crop loss/ is that it should be compensated with land for land compensation (or land for land replacement) in those areas where land is available for replacement. In the extent at which the agricultural land lost cannot be replaced, the principles for monetary compensation will apply. Cash compensation will be paid for permanent loss of crops and trees; and for temporarily lost agricultural land which is acquired for the construction period only. The compensation rates for loss of trees and crops from lost agricultural land are established by the woreda agriculture offices. This includes production and yield estimate and market price data collected for five years. To compensate the forgone benefit and income from agricultural land, cash compensation is the only option. FDRE Proclamation 455/2005, Article 8 (displacement Compensation) No. 1 states that; “A rural landholder whose landholding has been permanently expropriated shall, in addition to the compensation payable under article 7 of this proclamation, be paid displacement compensation which shall be equivalent to ten times the average annual income he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land”

The principle of compensation also follows that of income restoration of PAPs. According to the five-year average crop productivity and gross income is calculated and the proportion of income equivalent to land loss is determined. In the case of fruit trees, the calculation will take into account a major interruption of the income series after a tree has reached its economic limit of life and a new tree planted instead will have reached its fruit bearing age.

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7.2. Valuation for Temporary Dispossession of Agricultural Land

The valuation methodology for the amount of crop loss from temporarily affected agricultural land will be identified; ➢ Average productivity per crop type (five-year average productivity for total loss) ➢ Land type (irrigated and non-irrigated) and size for each type of crop ➢ Average production per hectare ➢ Number of farming season (or production season) The average net income earned from one hectare of land will be calculated by using local market prices. Taking into account the nature of the project, the extent of land expropriation is unlikely that there will be anything other than a low level of (partial) impact as far as agricultural landholders and the overall project are concerned.

Agricultural land valuation will consider the five-year average annual income from the land and calculate the ten-year gross income. According to proclamation 455/2005, compensation for lost income is based on the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land. The formula adopted for calculating compensation for crops, unripe and ripe perennial crops is presented in the following table.

7.3. Valuation formula for perennial crops

Table 7-1: Perennial crops Crops Ripe perennial crops Unripe perennial crops The total area of the land in m2 Annual yield in kg No. of plants (legs) Value of the crops per kg Current price of the Cost incurred to grow an produce individual plat The amount of crops to be Cost of permanent Cost of permanent obtained per m2 improvement on land improvement on land Cost of permanent improvement of land

A PAP whose agricultural land is expropriated for the project will be compensated as per proclamation No. 455/2005, which provides displacement compensation for rural landholders whose lands expropriated permanently that amounts ten times the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation. In addition, for those PAPs who are losing more than 20% of their land holding, the project will provide additional support to ensure that their livelihood is adequately restored.

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8. Properties Affected by the Project and its cost estimate

8.1. General Overview Lot-II of Fincha - Shambu 230 kV Power TL Project

The proposed Fincha - Shambu 230 kV Power TL Project will affect a total number of 269 HHs. While 248h households will be affected due to the transmission line and the remaining 21households will be affected due to construction of substation. Accordingly, 15 houses and structures, 54.32 ha of annual cropland and 9,268 perennial fruits and other trees will be lost. Besides, the proposed project will affect 7 institutions for a loss of 0.92ha of land within 30 m wide RoW.

The socio-economic survey has identified that a total of 15 housing units with corrugated iron sheets (CIS) roofs with mud wall owned by 9 households will be affected in two Woredas namely AbayChomen and Horro.AbayChomen is the most affected Woreda where 12 houses and 7 households will be affected. The share of Horro Woreda is 3 houses holding with 2 households.

All houses will be affected due to the construction of the transmission line and the households have an average of 0.5 ha of extra land outside the transmission line ROW corridor.

Permanently PAPs to Affected People be

displaced No of Total affected HHs and PAPs but have woredas Project Temporarily extra affected site Affected land to People rehouse Number Number Number HHs HH of HHs of houses of HHs Number PAPs affected affected Number of and of HHs by TL by HHs structures substation affected Fincha 2 - 269 1163 248 21 248 21 15 9 Shambu

Lot-IV of Azezo - Chilga 230 kV Power TL Project

Azezo - Chilga 230 kV Power TL Project will affect a total of 538 households of which 524 will be affected by construction of transmission line and 14 households due to construction of substation. From the total affected HHs 180 households will be physically relocated (172HH due

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to TL activities and 8HHs due to the construction of substation). While 54 households will reconstruct their house in their extra land outside RoW, 126 will need to move to a different area.

A total of 306 housing structures with 6 septic tanks and 498-meter-long fence (iron and block) are expected to be affected by the proposed project. Location wise the project will affect, 216 houses and 6 septic tanks as well as 498 m long fences are located in Gonder city, 41 houses in Dembia and 49 houses in ChilgaWoredas.

In addition, out of the total number 18,413 project affected perennial fruit and other trees, 17,055 of them will be affected by the transmission line and the rest 1,358 are to be affected by the substation.

Tempor Permanently PAPs to be

arily Affected People physically No of Total affected HHs and PAPs Affecte displaced woredas d affected Project People site Number of Num With In a HHs ber in the diffe of same rent HHs HH house area area Number PAPs affected affected Number s and of HHs by TL by of HHs struct substation ures affect ed

Azezo- 3 194 306 54 538 3060 530 8 344 126 Chilga

8.2. Impacts on Houses and Structures

Due to the construction of Lot-IIofFincha - Shambu 230 kV Power TL Project, a total of 15 housing units with corrugated iron sheets (CIS) roofs with mud and CIS wall owned by 9 households will be affected in two Woredas. All houses are reported to be affected by the transmission line. The RAP identifies that all of these HHs have an average of 0.5 extra land outside the right of way. PAPs have been consulted on the available options of resettlement. All PAPs agreed to reconstruct their house to reconstruct their house in the extra land located outside the ROW. However, for the lost asset, the project will provide full compensation based on current market price.

In Lot-IV of Azezo - Chilga 230 kV Power TL Project, a total of 306 houses with 6 septic tanks and 498 meters fence with iron and block are expected to be affected by the proposed project. These include, 216 houses and 6 septic tanks as well as 498 m long fences are located in Gonder city; 41 houses in Dembia and 49 houses in Chilgaworedas. From the total 306 houses to be affected by the proposed project, 290 houses are belonging to 172 households and 6 houses owned

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by 3 government associations (while the remaining 10 houses owned by 8 households will be affected by construction of the sub substation.

Therefore, according to the census survey, about 180 households’ houses and structures will be demolished. The below table provides summary of impact of project activities on peoples houses and structures.

Table 8-1: Type of Affected House hold with Area Permanently PAPs to be PAPs to Total Affected displaced in be displacement People within displaced Project site Total PAPs same area in Temporarily outside different Affected ROW relocation People area Number PAPs Number of Number of Number of of HHs House Hold HHs HHs Fincha - 21 9 0 9 269 1163 248 Shambu Azezo - 194 54 126 180 538 3060 344 Chilga Total 807 4223 583 224 63 126 189

Compensation for Houses

Replacement costs for the affected houses were estimated on the basis of the full replacement cost. The team got unit rates from respective woreda offices. Accordingly, the estimated total compensation cost for the loss of houses is presented in Annex I.

Unit Rates

Lot II Fincha-Shambu 230kV TLP: the team has got the unit rates from AbayChomen Woreda administration municipality office: 1. Corrugated iron sheet roofed houses mud wall houses 1,755 Birr/m2 2. Corrugated iron sheet roofed houses block wall houses 2,650 Birr/m2 3. Tukuls (wood wall and thatched /grass roof) houses • Small -- 2-4 meter in diameter----- 7,212.50 Birr • Medium -- 5-8 meter in diameter----- 7,910.00 Birr • Large -- >9 meter in diameter------8,851.00 Birr

Lot IV Azezo-Chilga 230 kV TLP- the team has got unit rates from Gonder City Construction Office and Dembia woreda, Koladeba town land development and management office. 1. Corrugated iron sheet roofed houses mud wall houses 4,793.59 Birr/m2 2. Corrugated iron sheet roofed houses mud with cement 5,154.39 houses Birr/m2

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3. Corrugated iron sheet roofed houses Block wall houses 8,631.28 Birr/m2 4. Corrugated iron sheet roofed houses Block wall houses under construction 7,935.95Birr/m2 5. G+1 Corrugated iron sheet roofed houses Block wall houses 12,153.55 Birr/m2 6. Corrugated iron sheet roofed houses CIS wall houses 750.00 Birr/m2 7. Corrugated iron sheet roofed houses wood wall houses 990.00 Birr/m2 8. Tukul (wood wall and grass roof ) houses 1100.00 Birr/m2 9. Foundation 5,813.09Birr/m2 10. Septic tank 11,030.25 Birr/m2

Source: Gonder city Administration Construction Office and DembiyaWoreda, Koladeba Town Land Development and Management Office

8.3. Impacts on agricultural land

Lot-II of Fincha - Shambu 230 kV Power TL Project: an estimated amount of 54.32 ha of crop land will be affected by the implementation of transmission line and substation. Of which 9 ha will be permanently acquired. The required land is owned by 269 households. The land was used to grow crops such as Teff, Barley, Maize and Niger Seed of which the majority (30.2ha) was for Teff production.

Lot-IV of Azezo - Chilga230 KV Power TL Project: An estimated amount of 89 ha annual crop land will be affected by the transmission line and substation. Of which 9 ha will be permanently acquired. The required land is owned by 538 households. The land was used to grow crops such as Tee, Maize and Millet.

Table 8-2: An estimated Compensation Cost for Temporary Crop Damage during Line Stringing Project Affected Affected Average Total Average price/ Assumed Total value of crop area in Yield/ha (quintal) quintal (Birr) compensation cost for crop lost ha (Quintal) one year (Birr) Lot -II: Teff 21.32 16.22 345.81 1175.40 406,465.07 406,465.07 Fincha – Shambu Barley 6.8 24.61 167.34 668.40 111,850.05 111,850.05 Maize 4.54 62.11 281.97 496.50 139,998.10 139,998.10

Niger seed 12.66 8.798 111.38 1400.00 155,932.00 155,932.00

Total 45.32 - 906.5 - 814,245.22 814,245.22

Table 8-3:Anestimated compensation cost for permanent crop damage during construction of substation Project Affected Affected Average Total Average price/ Assumed Total value crop area in Yield /ha (quintal) quintal (Birr) compensation of crop lost ha (Quintal) cost for one year (Birr) Lot-IV: Teff 48.21 25.45 1,226.94 1,238.20 1,519,197.10 1,519,197.10 Azezo– Sorghum 15.49 25.23 390.81 750 293,107.50 293,107.50 Chilga

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Maize 14.09 60.76 856.10 600 513,660.00 513,660.00 Small 2.21 26.39 58.32 665 38,782.80 38,782.80 millet Total - 2,532.17 - 80 2,364,747.40 2,364,747.40

8.4. Impact of the Project on Trees

An estimated total number of 9,268 perennial fruit and other valuable trees will be affected in two Woredas by Fincha - Shambu 230 kV Power TL Project. Of the total 9,268 perennial crops and trees likely to be affected, 8,611 of them are known to be affected by the transmission line while the remaining 657 will be affected by substation. The most affected perennial crops and trees in this project location are banana and eucalyptus i.e., 90 and 9,009 respectively.

Horro is the most affected Woreda with 8,653 Perennial Crops and Trees likely to be affected.Households’ different trees and EEP’s AmertiNeshe buffer zone Eucalyptus trees will be affected by this project.

The proposed Azezo–Chilga 230 kV Power TL Project,on the other hand, will affect a total of 18,413 perennial crops and Trees; 17,055of them will be affected by the transmission line and 1,358 by the substation.

The most affected perennial crops and trees are Hop and Eucalyptus i.e. 365 and 17,265 respectively.Gonder/ AzezoAyermarefiasub city is the most affected project location in terms of perennial crops i.e., 274and Chilgaworeda the most affected in terms of treesi.e.10, 263.

Table 8-4An estimated Compensation Cost for Perennial fruits Damage Project Affected Average Total Unit Estimated total compensation Perennial Fruits yield/tree/year affected price cost of Perennial crop lost and other Trees (Kg) plant / Kg (Birr) Lot -II: 20/kg 2 20.00 800.00 Hop Fincha – 2/kg 1 85.00 170.00 Shambu Coffee Banana 60/kg 90 20.00 108,000.00 Mango 20/kg 1 15.00 300.00 Total 94 109,270.00 Lot-IV: 133,590.00 Hop 30/kg 365 12.20 Azezo – 5,805.00 Chilga Coffee 1.5/kg 43 90.00 14,700.00 Peach 20/kg 21 35.00 1,500.00 Lemon 20/kg 15 5.00 300.00 Papaya 10/kg 3 10.00

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9,000.00 Mango 100/kg 6 15.00 Total 453 164,895.00

Table 8-5An estimated Compensation Cost for Trees Project Project affected tree Quantity in Unit cost in Total cost in type number ETB ETB Eucalyptus globules 9009 1,391,430 (Key bahirzaf) Lot-II Seedling (Chefeka) 4054 30 121,620 Fincha - Purlin (Mager) 308 80 24,640 Shambu Medium 4453 250 1,113,250 Large 194 680 131,920 Junniperus 40 90 3,600 Gravilia 60 100 6,000 Croton macrostachyus 40 120.00 3 (Bisana) Podocurpus 57 4200 239,400 Grand Total 9169 1,640,550

Project Project affected tree type Quantity in Unit cost in Total cost in No. ETB ETB Eucalyptus globules (Key 17,265 662,501.00 Bahir-zaf) Lot-IV Seedling (Chefeka) 8165 10 81,650.00 – Azezo Purlin (mager) 8687 55.70 483,865.90 – Chilga Pole 124 85 10,540.00 Large 239 355 84,845.00 Stump 50 32 1,600.00 Cordiaafricana (Wanza) 330 134,494.75 Small 181 263.25 47,648.25 Medium 147 579.50 85,186.50 Large 2 830 1,660.00 Graviliyamager 8 80 640.00 Azadirachtaindica (Neem) 55 770.00 Medium 14 Junniperusprocera (Tid) 8.40 243.60 small 29 Olea Africana (Weira) 290 4,060.00 medium 14 Acacia nilotica (Cheba) 175 52,195.00 medium 73 Acacia spp small 71 342.50 24,317.50

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Croton 3,665 macrostachyus(Bisana) 122 Small 20.00 3,320.00 116 57.50 345.00 Medium 6 Warka 6 7,800.00 Large 1 1,800.00 1,800.00 Medium 5 1,200.00 6,000.00 Grand Total 17,932 890,686.85

8.5. Impacts on grazing land

The implementation of the Fincha – Shambu 230 kV Power TL Project will affect about 11.30 ha of grazing land that is used by households, community and institutions. Of the total 11.30 ha grazing land to be affected, 9.81 ha owned by55 households, 1.21 ha belongs to 3community groups and 0.28 ha owned by5institutions.

On the other hand, about 12.49 ha of households’ and community grazing land will be affected by the planned Azezo - Chilga 230 kV Power TL Project. Of the total 12.49 ha of grazing land to be affected, 6.74 ha owned by 35 households and 5.75 ha owned by 6community groups.

Where a replacement land is provided in accordance with Article 15 of Regulations No. 135/2007 with respect to expropriated protected grass or grazing land, displacement compensation equivalent to the annual average income obtained from the land shall be paid. The amount of displacement compensation payable with respect to the protected grass or grazing land shall, where it is impossible to provide replacement land in accordance with Article 15 of these Regulations, or cash compensation ten times the annual average income obtained from the land. Table 8-6 Grazing Land Affected by Transmission Line and Substation in both Project Sites Lot-IIofFincha - Shambu 230 kV Power Lot-IV of Azezo - Chilga230kV Power TL TL Project Affected grazing land Project Affected City and Woredas Horro AbayChomen Total Gonder Dembia Chilga Total city 4.07 ha 7.23 ha 11.30 ha 0.87 ha 6.77 ha 4.85 ha 12.49 ha

Source: - Socio Economy Survey, 2017.

Table 8-7An estimated compensation cost for temporarily affected grass land by Transmission line and sub station Projects Affected grass land in ha Average Quintal/ha Lot II Fincha– 11.30 47 Shambu

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Lot-IVAzezo – Chilga 12.49 44

9. Identification of Alternative Sites and Selection of Resettlement Sites, Site Preparation and Relocation

The assessment of this study identifies that in Lot II (Fincha- Shambu), a total of 9 households houses need to be fully demolished. However, the survey also identifies that all these HHs have an extra land outside the transmission line ROW corridor. Therefore, it was discussed and agreed with these HHs that after receiving full compensation for their lost asset and properties including crop loss, they will reconstruct their house in the remining land. The project will pay full compensation at replacement cost based on current market price including moving allowance for the lost assets and properties. In addition, PAPs will receive additional compensation for the temporary loss of their crops and trees. The amount of compensation for the temporary loss of crops and trees is calculated based on the current market price and number of years that the land will be acquired. Once the installation of poles and other construction are completed, PAPs will continue to use the land to grow crops within the RoW.

However, in Lot IV (Azezo- Chilga), the RAP identifies about 180 households’ houses and structures (118 in , 54 in Dembia and the remaining 8 households houses and structures in Chilga) to be fully demolished. While 54 Households in Dembia have extra land outside the right of way and will reconstruct their house in that extra land, the remining 126 HHs don’t have extra land outside the RoW to reconstruct their houses and; therefore, plot of land to reconstruct their houses need to be allocated. Accordingly, for 14 HHs displaced from AzezoDemza, Kebele 19, the Gondar city administration will provide 200 m2of land for each affected household as within the same Sub-city, at back of the new Bus Station in Kebele 19. For the 104 HHs displaced from Azezo Airport, Kebele20, the city administration will provide 200 m2 of land to each PAPs in the same Kebele, South East direction from the Substation, around Ketana 4. In total, the Gondar City Administration has allocated 2,600 m2 of land for the construction of 118 residential houses that will be affected by the project. The PAPs in the new areas will have access to school, heath facility, market, electricity, water supply and other necessary social services infrastructures without additional cost. However, inter connection roads with cobblestone and the internal water and electric lines to be interconnected to the new resettlement sites. In this regard, the City Administration and the project will work together and ensure that PAPs in the resettlement area have access to water and electricity. With this connection, PAPs have formed a committee to monitor the implementation of the planned resettlement and associated operations. On the other hand, for the 8 households that will be relocated from Chilga Woreda, the local administration and project office in consultation with the PAPs have identified a total area of 4000 sqm replacement plot of land at ‘Anguaba Buledege’ Kebele. Each PAP will recive 500sqm replacement land for the reconstruction of their houses before the land acquisition. Woreda administration commitment letter has been attached

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with this RAP report.

10. LIVELIHOOD/INCOME RESTORATION

Income restoration is an important component for the resettlement of PAPs who have lost their productive base, businesses or other income sources, regardless of whether they have also lost their houses. The land required for the transmission line and substations will affect farming land which is used to grow crops. Crop land will be affected permanently mainly due to the construction of a substation, and towers for the transmission lines and temporally due to the creation of right-of- way /ROW. Most of project affected areas is dominated by household with agricultural based livelihoods. The impact of PAPs whose farmlands located within the ROW and permanently and temporarily lost for the construction works of the transmission line is insignificant. It will be mitigated either by undertaking the construction works after the crops are harvested (off -season) or through paying adequate cash compensation for all damaged crops.

However, due to the construction of substations in two sites, about 33 households (12HHAzezo – Chilga lot and 21 HH for Fincha -Shambu lot) will lose more than 20% of theircrop land, therefore these people require income restoration activities. The government will provide support and services in the short- and long-term basis. The RAP through consultation with these PAPs has proposed a number of short- and long-term livelihood restoration measures. The short-term support plans for PAPs includes compensation payment made for lost assets and properties before relocation, allowances for transportation, agricultural extension and other related supports until the income level of PAPs is restored. This short-term support also involves provision of employment opportunities at project construction site.

In the livelihood restoration of PAPs, EEP has the responsibility in coordinating Regional and wereda level government authorities to provide support towards the implementation of livelihood restoration measures. Regional and wereda authorities will play important roles in the livelihood restoration plans and actions of PAPs in providing advice and tailor-made training, facilitating the provision and supply of credit services through micro finance institutions and, through micro and small business enterprise agency; and also avail land for those PAPs who are interested to establish businesses enterprises.

Wereda administration offices have agreed to provide support in the livelihood restoration of PAPs by facilitating credit services and in assisting them to be established through micro and small-scale enterprises that provide skill training and soft loans. Micro and small-scale enterprises are government agencies that provide skill training and soft loans for groups that are organized and interested to carry out small scale entrepreneurial and business activities.

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Some of the long-term livelihood restoration measures that were indicated and suggested by PAPs during the public consultations includes: activities in agriculture, such as fattening, fruit and vegetable gardening, and poultry development, etc. Other livelihood restoration measures in non- agricultural section suggested by the PAPs include skills training activities, small businesses and income generating activities. Since these activities require specific skill training for PAPs who are interested, a skill training programme will be organized for the non-agricultural skills through the Zonal and Wereda Small and Micro Enterprise Development Agencies. EEP will be responsible in coordinating the skill training for the affected HH on the basis of choice of skill type. Wereda Small and Micro Enterprise development Agency will carry out the skill training before the commencement of construction works and the duration for the training will be from 1- 3 months depending on the type of skill required and the capacity of the trainees. A lump sum of Birr 417,750.00 is budgeted for 33 HH who might require livelihood restoration measures. EEP will prepare a detail livelihood restoration plan with all activities mentioned in this RAP as per the schedule indicated in this RAP. The Livelihood restoration plan will be reviewed by the World Bank.

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11. Public and Stakeholder Consultation and Disclosure 11.1 Objectives of Public and Stakeholders Consultation Public and Stakeholders consultations were held with PAPs, community elders and local officials with the following key objectives among others: • To inform PAPs and discuss about the nature and scale of adverse impacts of the project on their livelihoods in a more transparent and direct manner and seek their Participation in the project cycle.

• To give PAPs and communities a chance to have a say and express their views in the planning and implementation of the project that affect them directly.

• To obtain qualitative as well as quantitative information on viable income generation and livelihood interventions which PAPs could engage themselves in order to restore their income and livelihoods in a self-sustaining manner.

• To inform local authorities of the impacts, agree on a cut-off date, solicit their views on the project and discuss their share of the responsibility for the smooth functioning of the overall operation of the project.

• To identify the fears, expectations and concerns of the population about the project road and the potential impacts due to the construction of the proposed project road; and also identifying the impacts and its mitigation measures and

11.2. Approach and Methodology

The public and stakeholder’s consultation involved a participatory approach in which the RAP team described the planned pre-, during, and post- construction activities, the schedule of activities, and compensation as well as resettlement issues. Then the participants had been given an opportunity to participate by asking the following key questions or making comments about the planned project activities; • Compensation and Resettlement Alternatives,

• Community Participation in the Project,

• Entitlement and Cut-Off date,

• Vulnerability,

• Grievance Redress,

• Employment of the locals

Thus, all consultations had been inclusive (i.e. all socio-economic groups like wealth, gender, age and vulnerable groups were involved). In addition, a two-way communication strategy in which a dialogue of providing information and obtaining feedback was widely employed.

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11.3. Stakeholders’ Analysis

In Ethiopia, public consultation is regard as important and mandatory that project planners and implementers required to carry out. According to the FDRE Constitution, Article 92; “People have the right to full consultation and to the expression of their views in the planning and implementation of environmental policies and projects that affect them directly”. In the project area, consultations with the project affected persons (PAP) located along the project alignment had been made from February 2017 to October 2018 in order to inform PAPs about the planned project, identify positive and negative impacts of the project, consult and obtain relevant information on existing conditions or constraints of the project area. Accordingly, a number of key stakeholders were involved in the community and stakeholder participation component of the RAP preparation. Consultations were done through Village meetings, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and socio-economic surveys. Consultations were carried out with three groups of stakeholders, namely; Directly affected persons, Indirectly affected persons and Government Agencies. Moreover, door to door consultations were conducted with PAPs during asset inventory and measurement period. Directly Affected Persons: - The directly affected persons are the people who reside in or derive their livelihood from the zone of direct impact (ROW & Substation). The directly affected persons were consulted about relocation, livelihood and income restoration possibilities. The directly affected persons were the core target of the socio-economic census during the RAP preparation.

Indirectly Affected Persons: -This group included persons who reside near the project area or rely on resources (such as water) likely to be affected by the project. This group of stakeholders may have to change or adjust their living patterns when the construction of the TL and substation starts.

Government Agencies: -Under the present arrangement of governance, power belongs to the people and therefore, the role of the local communities in decision-making is critical. Most importantly, the Local Government units at Woreda and Kebele levels are in charge of handling land acquisition issues. The Woreda Level Administrative system will facilitate easy identification of people to be affected by the project. Other officials consulted were the technical personnel at Woreda level such as Health Office Head, Agriculture & Environment Office, women and children affairs office and other officials at Kebele level.

11.4. Public and stakeholder consultation

A total of Six consultations with 118 participants were held with PAPs, communities’ elders, religious leaders, as well as Woreda and city Administration Sector Offices through qualitative method such as Focus Group Discussions, Key Informant Interviews and public meetings, to inform stakeholders about the proposed project and to discuss the nature and scale of adverse impacts of the project. Moreover, consultation aimed to give PAPs and affected communities a chance to express their views on the proposed project that affect them directly and to inform local authorities about the proposed project impacts.

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Interviews with PAPs during socio-economic surveys through structured questionnaires and public meetings were also conducted with Fincha-Shambuand Azezo-Chilga project affected Woredas officials and people. Issues raised and addressed during this consultation process are presented below.

Summary of key issues raised during consultation:

Lot II: Fincha- Shambu Project

PAPs have generally expressed their positive attitudes and good impressions on the project. However, as summarized in the following section, certain issues and concerns were raised and discussed in the course of the consultation process.

General Remarks Forwarded by the Participants:

➢ Electricity is one of their felt needs, thus highly appreciated the coming of the project to their locality. ➢ Our children were unable to attend schools within their vicinity due to shortage of power. Now the project will provide us the opportunity to have schools nearby. Thus, our kids may not need to go far for schools and can be with us. ➢ It is always good to have such discussions with the people in and around the project sites before embarking any development work/ project; the consultation process is well appreciated.

Concerns and Questions Rose by the participants:

➢ From our previous experience with another project undertaken earlier by other agencies, we were not compensated properly. We were also informed that we would be given priority for employment, taking into account our level of skill and capacity, but this was not exercised as promised. ➢ What will be your preparation in this project with regards to compensation and related matters? It is also required to involve us/ PAPs and we should be well aware of and informed about the procedures. We develop trust if we have our representatives participating within each step. ➢ Compensation made earlier in our experience revealed unfairness. What will be the mechanism to curb such undesirable situations? How can we appeal our complaints and grievances, if exists in due course? ➢ Demolishing existing and building of new houses need to follow our seasonal agricultural calendar.

Responses and Clarifications Given to Participants: ➢ In responding to the concerns and questions raised by participants, the local officials highlighted that the Woreda Administration offices and all relevant sectors will work closely with affected people and concerned parties to facilitate all the required activities pertained to valuation, compensation payment and relocation process. They are also confirmed to the participants to follow that compensation payment to PAPs will be

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undertaken for the affected assets and properties in accordance to Ethiopian expropriation of land holdings for public purposes and compensation payment- (Proclamation No. 455/2005 and Council of Ministers, Regulation No. 135/2007) as well as the World Bank Policy (OP4.12) on involuntary resettlement (full replacement cost principle).

The local officials advised EEP to consider the appropriate timing to undertake compensation, demolition of assets and relocation, often at the relatively slack agricultural period (off season).

In regard to addressing PAPs complaints and grievance, it was noted that a committee composed of representatives of the local administration, the project management authorities and representatives of PAPs will be established to ensure a mechanism for redressing grievances and complaints related to any aspect of the compensation and resettlement procedures. The detail procedure for the GRM will be consulted with PAPs.

Lot IV: Azezo –Chilga Project

General Remarks Forwarded by the Participants:

➢ Chiefly, positive attitude was reflected towards the proposed project because electricity is a key for all development endeavors. ➢ When the proposed project realized, it will entail significant contribution to women’s health and economic wellbeing. ➢ In order to make the proposed project more beneficial, management of related activities are undertaken in a manner suitable in all aspects; appropriate discussion among all concerned parties, adequate compensation, appropriate site selection for relocation when needed, etc.

Concerns and Questions Raised by the Participants:

➢ The residents of Gonder City, AzezoAyermarefiya Sub City, those in Kebele 20 were worried about leaving their places if they would be resettled as a result of the implementation of the project. In 1990, they resettled in this area as their former location was taken for Air Port construction. Now they are living in a village with the social services available at their vicinity. They disclosed that they have undergone through multitude challenges to make this area as it appears now; noted that they have passed several years to get the existing social service providing infrastructures, as electric, water, school, market, etc. the fore for they want to know the existing conditions of the area where they are going to be relocated beforehand; the resettlement area should have all the required facilities.

➢ PAPs requested that in the event that land acquisition has to be done, adequate compensation for land and property has to be planned and executed. Compensation has to be paid prior to the start of project implementation ➢ PAPs expressed frustration and doubt on appropriate and fair compensation for their lost

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assets and properties ➢ Land to land compensation is a preferable option for farmers in the project areas, as agriculture is their sole livelihood strategy.

Responses and Clarifications Given to Participants:

➢ Project affected households will definitely get appropriate compensation at full replacement cost as per the Ethiopian Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Compensation Payment in line with the Federal Proclamation and the World Bank involuntary Resettlement policy and will be relocated in areas where the basic infrastructure service is available before the start of the project construction.

➢ Compensation payment will be timely and completed before the start of the project. The local Government Authorities (Gonder Municipality and Urban Development and Construction Department) confirmed that the administration will work with PAPs in identifying the resettlement area having all the required social amenities. Moreover, the office confirmed to undertake continuous consultations with PAPs and host communities to tackle the possible psycho-social effect of displacement. ➢ All PAPs whose livelihood is significantly affected will be included in the livelihood restoration activity.

Minutes of consultation meetings along with list of participants are attached as Annex III.

AbayChomenworeda, Jerekebele Horroworeda, Doyoberisokebele at substation

Chilgaworeda, Abubulargekebele Chilgaworeda, Abubulargekebele

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Gonder City, Azezo Ayermarefiya subcity Gonder City, AzezoAyermarefiya Sub-city

With Horro Woreda Sector offices heads WithAbayChomen Woreda sector offices heads

With Gonder city mayor office, social issue advisor With Dembia Woreda administrator

Figure 3: Consultation with PAPs,Administrators and Sector Offices Heads

Table: Typical consultations conducted with PAPs

Date of Project Location Purpose of consultation Number of consultation Site attendants

Woreda Kebele Male Femal /Sub city e March/10/2017 Fincha - Horro Shambu To inform stakeholders about the 8 3 Shambu 01 proposed project and to discuss the March/11/2017 Fincha - Horro Doyo – nature and scale of adverse impacts 18 3 Shambu Berisso of the project. Moreover, consultation

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March/25/2017 Fincha - Abay Jere aimed to give PAPs and affected 13 6 Shambu Chomen communities a chance to express April/28/2017 Azezo- Chilga Anguabul their views on the proposed project 26 9 that affect them directly and to Chilga argay inform local authorities about the May/14/2017 Azezo- Azezo 20 proposed project impacts and their 35 28 mitigation measures. Chilga Ayermarefi ya sub city September/4/2 Azezo- Azezo 20 18 31 017 Chilga Ayermarefi ya sub city

11.5. Subsequent Consultation

Subsequent public consultations with PAPs and the community will be carried out throughout the construction phase and after completion of the Transmission line and substation construction works. EEP sociologists will conduct public consultations with PAPs during the construction phase to monitor the implementation of this RAP, the procedures for compensation payment and income restoration measures as planned. It will be important for all project-affected people to participate throughout the various stages of the resettlement activities and in the land acquisition process. They will need to be consulted by the competent authorities and will have to be invited to participate in public meetings held at appropriate stages of the resettlement process. These meetings will be very important to discuss resettlement issues and provide a forum for stakeholders to express opinions and offer their suggestions. As described above, both Public and Stakeholders’ consultations proposed to be conducted at different stages and phases of the project. Public and stakeholders’ consultations will take place at different cycles of the project, namely; planning phase (identification of material sources, etc.), construction phase and operation phase. The objective of the consultation is mainly to communicate the progress of the project construction works, identify impacts and mitigation measures that are carried out for environmental and social impacts, measures taken in the implementation of this RAP and in particular issues related to livelihood restoration plan, compensation payment, grievance redress issues, and the like. As discussed above, during the RAP implementation as well as the construction phase public stakeholders’ consultations are proposed and planned on a monthly basis with PAPs and kebele administrations; and on quarterly basis with Woreda authorities.

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12. Grievance Redress Mechanism

Project Grievance Redress Mechanism

A grievance is furiousness or bad feelings coming from a feeling of having been neglected. In case of projects involving land acquisition and involuntary resettlement, the grievance procedure and appeal mechanism are an important aspect related to resettlement/ rehabilitation of the PAPs because there may be individuals who are not satisfied with their compensation package or the resettlement process, or who may feel that they were eligible for compensation. It is essential to settle these issues as early as possible in order that the resettlement process is on the right track and it is therefore, necessary to set up systems to address such grievances.

The best means of addressing any complaints or claims is through dialogue. Thus, when a PAP has a grievance, he/she will first discuss the issue with the RIC. If the RIC is not able to address the grievance, the complaint should be passed on to Grievance Committee (GC). The GC will comprise of one representative from the Woreda Administration, one representative from the PAPs and one elderly person (influential) from the PAPs community. In order that this committee is independent, the members should not be members of the RIC.

In case further arbitration is necessary, this will be conducted by an Arbitration Appraisal Committee (AAC). The AAC should be comprised of a member of the Zonal Administration, the EEP representative and an elderly community leader. If still no consensus is reached, then the case should be referred to regular court.

Respective Woreda Administration offices will give working place(office) and other logistic for the GRM committee. The project will adequately communicate PAPs about the procedure of GRM process including the office location and working hours.

Expectation When Grievances Arise: When PAPs present a grievance, they expect to be heard and taken seriously. Therefore, the project will ensure that community members are aware of the presence of the GRM and its process. Further, the project will consult the community that people can voice grievances without fear of retaliation to the established Grievance redress committee.

Grievance Submission Method: A complainant has the option to lodge his/her complaint to the nearby Project office, or EEP Office or the respective Public Grievance Hearing Office in person, through his/her representative, orally, in writing, by fax, telephone or in any other manner. Complaints will be transcribed, recorded in a log, examined; investigated and remedial actions will be taken to settle.

Role of Grievance Committee: The grievance redress committee is expected to accomplish the following tasks among others:

• Record the grievances of project affected community members, categorize and prioritize them and provide solution to their grievances related to replacement land and compensation,

• If required, the grievance redress committee would undertake site visit and ask for relevant information from the project authorities and

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• Inform the aggrieved parties about the development of their respective cases and their decision to the project authorities and the aggrieved parties as well.

• Report the cases that they could not solve on their level to the respective Woreda/town administration and EEP for further investigation and final decision.

To ensure that the GRM is effective and functional, capacity building activities needs to be provided. EEP will provide adequate capacity Building trainings to the GRM regarding their roles and responsibilities. In addition, tailored trainings in addressing sensitive and confidential issues such as gender-based violence and sexual harassment will be provided. Further, technical as well as material support will be given to the committee by the project and local administrative bodies. The budgets required for training and other capacity building intervention are included in this RAP.

Management of Reported Grievances: The procedure for managing grievances should be as follows: a. The affected person files his/ her grievance, relating to any issue associated with the the project including resettlement process or compensation, in writing or phone to the Grievance Committee (Phone numbers will be available at public places). Where it is written, the grievance note should be signed and dated by the aggrieved person. And where it is phone, the receiver should document every detail. b. The secretary of the GRM committee will be responsible in recording and documenting of any grievances comes from PAPs as well as the decisions made. c. Where the affected person is unable to write, the secretary of the GC will write the application on behalf of the aggrieved person. d. Any informal grievances will also be recorded and documented.

Grievance Log and Response Time: The process of grievance redress will start with registration of the grievance/s to be addressed, for reference purposes and to enable progress updates of the cases. Thus, a Grievance Form will be filed by the complainant and submitted to the GC.

The GRM committee will ensure that all grievances are properly recorded, and each complaint has an individual reference number, and is appropriately tracked and record actions a completed.

The response time will depend on the issue to be addressed but it should be addressed with efficiency. The Grievance committee will act on it within 7 working days of receipt of grievances. If no amicable solution is reached, or the affected person does not receive a response within 10 working days, the affected person can appeal to a designated office in the EEP, which should act on the grievance within 10 working days of its filing. Any PAP dissatisfied with the decision of EEP will have option to go to the local court. The court decision will be a final.

Monitoring Complaints: The Social Safeguards/expert from the EEU will be responsible for: • Supporting the grievance Committee to produce a weekly report detailing the number and status of complaints • Identifying any outstanding issues to be addressed

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• Producing monthly reports, including analysis of the type of complaints, levels of complaints, actions to reduce complaints and initiator of such action. If GBV incidents happen in relation to the project, a Survivor-Centered Approach4 should be followed. The GRM with a clear procedure to address issues including GBV needs to be in place prior to contractor’s mobilization. This helps the project to create proactive protective mechanism. The project will address GBV issues through the overall project GRM system responsive to GBV issues. For effective implementation, the following should be in place: ● GRM operators, especially the GBV subcommittee/focal person, are to be trained on how to collect GBV cases confidentially and empathically (without judgment). General awareness raising on GBV issues will be made to the project/contractors’ workers and the general society around the projects. ● The GRM need to have multiple complaint channels, and these must be trusted by those who need to use them. Community consultation may be one mechanism to identify effective channels (e.g. local community organizations, health providers, etc.). ● No identifiable information (like name, address etc.) on survivor should be stored in the GRM. ● The GRM should not ask survivor’s for records, information on more than three aspects related to GBV incidents: i. The nature of the complaint (What the complainant says in her/his own words) ii. If, to best of their knowledge, the perpetrator was associated with the project; iii. The age and sex of the survivor, if possible. ● The GRM should assist GBV survivors by referring them to GBV Service Provider5 (s) and/or responsible actors for support immediately after receiving a complaint directly from the survivor. ● The information in the GRM must be confidential-especially when related to the identity of the complainant. For GBV, the GRM should primarily serve to (i) refer complainants to the GBV Service Provider; and (ii) record resolution of the complainant. ● The GBV Services Provider(s) will have its own case management process which will be to gather the necessary detailed data to support complainants and facilitate resolution to the case referred by GRM operator/committee. ● The GBV Services Provider should enter in to an information sharing protocol with GRM operator to close the case. ● The GRM should have in place processes to immediately notify both the Implementing Agency and World Bank of any GBV complaints with the consent of the survivor.

4 This means responding appropriately to survivor’s complaint by respecting the survivor’s choices. Meaning that survivor’s rights, needs, and wishes are prioritized in every decision related to the incident. The survivors of the GBV, particularly SEA and SH who has the courage to come forward must always be treated with dignity and respect. Every efforts should be made to protect the safety and wellbeing of the survivor and any action should always be taken with survivor’s informed consent. Confidentiality is essential throughout the process. 5 The list of GBV Services Providers should be made readily available before the project commence as part of the mapping exercises.

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5.2. Communication Communication on the GRM including its availability will be conducted by the project. On top of that, the PAPs will be communicated about the details of GRM, establishment and roles and responsibilities of GRC at different levels through workshops, local media (TV, Radio), through public (project notes) and others at village (ketena) and woreda/kebele levels. Detail awareness issues for Project Affected People include: ● Scope of the project planned construction phases, ● The GRM; purposes for which the different GRM can be accessed, e.g., construction- related grievances, grievances related to physical and economic displacement, ● Members of GRC and its location ● Eligibility to access the GRM. ● Method of complaining or reporting the grievance ● Taking part in the GRC meeting ● The steps of resolving process and timeline adopted in this mechanism. ● Issues related to addressing the special needs related to gender and vulnerability to different social & economic problems ● Important documents and evidence to support the complaint

5.3. Capacity Building The GRCs at different level will be trained on GRM. The training needs to focus on overall needs and importance of GRM, the steps and procedures of GRM, and most importantly how confidentially handle sensitive cases such as GBV and their roles and responsibilities of at different level. Moreover, awareness raising on rights and obligations, rules and regulations of GRM will be provided to appellants in a group or individual bases on their complaints and grievances. 5.4. Budget The GRC at different levels do accomplish various functions regularly and on ad hoc basis. Mainly they work on hearing (receiving) grievances, collecting evidences (filed inspection) assessing, and providing responses i.e. resolving the grievances. For such purposes, the RAP provides lump sum budget allocated for the GRC at all levels.

World Bank Group (WBG) Grievance Redress Service

Communities and individuals who believe that they are adversely affected by a WBG supported program, may submit complaints to existing program-level grievance redress mechanisms or the WBG‘s Grievance Redress Service (GRS). The GRS ensures that complaints received are promptly reviewed in order to address program-related concerns. Program affected communities and individuals may submit their complaint to the WBG‘s independent Inspection Panel which determines whether harm occurred, or could occur, as a result of WBG non-compliance with its policies and procedures. Complaints may be submitted at any time after concerns have been brought directly to the WBG‘s attention, and WBG Management has been given an opportunity to

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respond. For information on how to submit complaints to the WBG‘s corporate Grievance Redress Service (GRS), please visit http://www.worldbank.org/GRS. For information on how to submit complaints to the WBG Inspection Panel, please visit.

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13. Organizational Responsibility

This section outlines and describes the organizational responsibilities within the executing agencies, provision of adequate resources to the institution, interagency participation, the capacity and commitment of the institution to carry out the RAP and other associated issues to the said resettlement planning, implementation and evaluation responsibilities.

Organization within EEP at Federal level

1) Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP): EEP, is the executing agency of the Project, has extensive experiences in preparation and implementation for a number of RAPs that were prepared for energy sector projects (hydropower, transmission line). Accordingly, in the implementation of the RAP, EEP has responsibility of overall management and budget allocation. Coordinate with federal and regional authorities in the planning and implementation of the project. 2) Environmental and Social Management Office within EEP will prepare the implementation plan document and provides the technical support in training and related activities, etc. But the EEP management has to commit itself to strengthen and provide support for the department. 3) Environmental and Social unit within Project Performance Monitoring and Control Management Office. Monitor and evaluate the implementation of the RAP. However, the unit needs to strength its environmental and social organizational capacity. The EEP management also has to commit itself to strengthen and provide support for the unit.

Table 13.1: List of institutions responsible for RAP implementation Institutional Arrangements Main Roles and Responsibilities in the Implementation of RAP At Federal Level Ministry of Water, Irrigation The main Federal regulatory body for the energy sector; responsible for planning, and Electricity (MOWIE) budgeting, guidance, supervision and execution of power and power related projects in Ethiopia. The ministry oversees power sector development projects through the Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP). The draft RAP document will be submitted to the Ministry for reviewing and then they will give their comments and recommendations and finally given approval /certify the implementation of the RAP. Monitoring the performance of the RAP will also be undertaken by the Ministry. The Ministry of Environment ▪ Responsible for ensuring the RAP and other project related activities are planned and Forest and Climate Change and executed in a manner that protect and safeguard the welfare of the people and (MoEFCC) maintain sustainability of the environment. Ministry of Finance ▪ The responsible Ministry for the disbursement of the allotted budget for the resettlement. EEP submits its annual budget including the allotment for the resettlement, which would be ratified by the House of the Peoples’ Representatives. Ministry of Women and ▪ The Ministry through its Regional and Woreda offices shall be responsible for Children Affairs encouraging participation of women in all aspects of planning, management and implementation of the RAP. Ethiopian Electric Power ▪ Responsible in carrying out the overall coordination activities of the RAP among (EEP) different actors at federal levels; and overall management and budget allocation for the RAP, disbursement of compensations and monitoring of all recommended

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systems and structures are in place for effective implementation of the RAP. Therefore, EEP will take the direct responsibility for the implementation of the RAP for Lot II Fincha- Shambu and Lot IV Azezo- Chilga 230 kV Transmission Line Project. Transmission and Substation, ▪ The Project Office will assume the overall and central level responsibility for the Upgrading and Rehabilitation implementation of the Fincha – Shambu and Azezo – Chilga230 KV Projects Project Office RAP. However, for efficient and effective implementation of the RAP, the office will establish Resettlement Implementation Unit (RIU) to be housed within the project office. EEP Environmental and Social ▪ One of the functional areas of EEP to address the major environmental and social Office (EEP ESO) issues in the power sector development. The team works to make the power generation and transmission construction works to be environmentally and socially sound and sustainable. It works in line with the environmental proclamations, policies and international conventions enforcing EEP to comply. The major task of the Environment and Social Office is to conduct periodic monitoring in power projects and operational activities of EEP, Environmental and Social impact Assessment (ESIA) and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). The team ensures whether or not the EEP power projects are complying with the approved environmental and social management plan and undertaking the appropriate mitigation measures accordingly. The team will provide technical support and regular monitoring of identified potential risks and agreed solutions, in accordance to the requirements set out in Ethiopia’s Resettlement Policy frameworks andWB Safeguard Policies. Institutional Arrangements at Local Levels

The Regional and Woreda level ▪ The Government structures in the project regions shall be responsible for Local Governments6 [within facilitating disbursement of compensation for Project Affected People, assisting Amhara and Oromia Regional relocation of displaced households through provision of technical assistance and States where the project is provide land for construction of dwellings and ensuring all compensated physical operational] assets and vegetation are removed and cleared timely to give way for implementation of the project activities.

6Woreda and Urban Administrations are the most important local government units and are given by law the mandate for the expropriation and acquisition of land for public benefit purposes and in connection with the implementation of Lot II Fincha- Shambu and Lot IV Azezo- Chilga 230kVTransmission Line Project. Responsibilities of these Administrations: ▪ Pay and cause the payment of compensation to holders of expropriated land in accordance with proclamation No.455/2005 and provide them with rehabilitation support to the extent possible; ▪ Maintain data of properties removed from expropriated landholdings particulars and conditions of maintaining ; ▪ Designate Property Valuation Committees; ▪ Establish Grievance Redress Committees ▪ Decides to expropriate a landholding, it shall notify the landholder, in writing, indicating the time when the land has to be paid.

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World Bank (WB) Financed ▪ Handle overall day today project site coordination and implementation of the RAP Project Site Office activities. Moreover, handle all inter-agencies (GO, NGO and local community organizations) coordination at local level. Property Valuation ▪ undertake the asset estimate estimation. Committees Resettlement Implementation ▪ EEP in collaboration with Woreda and urban administration will establish Committee (RIC) Resettlement Implementation Committees (RIC) in project affected Woredas and City Administration. Woreda /City Resettlement Committees will ensure easy and quick communication with PAPs and responsible bodies. These committees will be established at each Woreda and urban enter. The composition of the Committee will be: representative of Woreda/city Administration (Chairperson), Woreda/city office of Finance and Economy Development(Vice-Chair), EEP Resettlement field Officer(Secretary) and members from Woreda/City Environmental protection Expert, Woreda/city Agriculture Expert, Woreda/city Women’s Affair Representative, Woreda/city Micro Finance Institution representative, Affected Kebele Chair person, Affected Kebele PAPs representatives (preferably who could be influential within their communities), Community Elder. Grievance Redress Committee ▪ To provide opportunity for PAPs to settle their complaints and grievances amicably during the implementation of compensation and, to get appropriate compensation paymentand not to lose time and resources from going through lengthy administrative and legal procedures also to be all administrative measures are in line with the law.The main responsibility of the committee is to address grievances that are raised during the property valuation and implementation of this RAP.

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14.RAP Implementation Schedule

The Implementation process is assumed to begin at least eight months before the start of actual construction works (e.g. latest when the invitation for prequalification of contractors is issued) and has to be completed before the start of the actual construction work. a. Formation of the Resettlement Implementation Committee and the Property Valuation Committee

It is recognized that one of the first activities will be to establish both the RIC and the property valuation committee at Woreda level. The committees will be responsible for the smooth implementation of the RAP.

b. Project Public Awareness Creation

In the course of the field investigations, household socio-economic surveys and census, an assets inventory has been prepared for the Project; consultations/discussions were held with the officials of each Woreda administration, town municipalities, Woreda Agricultural and Rural Development Offices, Woreda Health Offices, Woreda Education Offices, as well, as the PAP. Hence, the EEP Feasibility, ESIA and the RAP study team, in order of importance have been carried out the public awareness creation process amongst the PAP and their communities. The RIC will have to conduct further discussions with the PAP as well as the community as a whole, when the ROW agent visits the project area to reconfirm the properties that will be affected and effects the compensation amounts. Special attention should be given to women during the awareness creation endeavor, since experience shows that they are often excluded from such participation although they play a pivotal role in the household affairs.

c. Commencement of RAP Implementation

The commencement of the RAP implementation will begin by establishing the RIC and provision of awareness to PAP.

d. ROW Survey and Determination of Amount for Compensation Payment

Based on the data and information of the present RAP, the RIC together with the ROW agent will undertake a detailed review of the inventory and assign the respective compensation rates, updated if necessary. Based on the local market the value for the detailed lists of the affected properties will be estimated. This phase/activity will last about 8 weeks.

e. Compensation Payment Once the RIC has determined the compensation amount, it will disburse the payments to the PAP. Effecting the payments of compensation will take about 6 weeks. Payments must also be made before the project’s physical construction works begin.

f. Construction of New Houses and Social Services

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Once land has been allotted and the areas cleared/prepared, construction of the new houses and other structures can begin. The construction phase/activity is expected to last about 12 weeks.

g. Monitoring Activities

Monitoring will have to be undertaken during and after the entire resettlement process in order to ensure that the plan is implemented in accordance with in the institutional framework.

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RAP Implementation Schedule The implementation of the physical activities will commence when all compensation is paid, and time for evacuation is given as per the law of the country and specified in the document.

Table 14-1 RAP Implementation Schedule

Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month No. Phase/Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Preparatory Activities / Commencement of RAP Implementation

1.1 Establishment of RIC & Property Valuation Committee

1.2 Awareness Creation & Issuing of legal Notification for Land Compensation 2 RAP Implementation 2.1 ROW Survey and Determination of Amount for Compensation Payment 2.2 Community and stakeholder’s consultation on RAP implementation 2.3 Payment for Compensation 2.4 Identification and Preparation of Land for Resettlement 2.5 Construction of new House/Structure 2.6 Payment of displacement allowance 2.7 PAPs move to new House/Structure

2.8 Preparation of detail livelihood restoration plan and implementation

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2.9 Support for vulnerable Groups

2.10 Monitoring of RAP

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15. RAP implementation Cost and Budget

Costs and Budget for Implementation of the RAP The total amount of compensation estimate, which includes direct cost for PAPs including the administrative costs, is estimated to be about Birr 8,028,800.03(347,116.30 USD) for Fincha – ShambuEPTLPand105, 143,715.56(4,545,773.21USD) Azezo-ChilgaEPTLP.

The following table summarizes the total amount of the fund (or compensation estimate) that is required for the implementation of this RAP.

Table 15-1: Estimated Budget for the Implementation of the RAP

Fincha – Shambu EPTLP Azezo-Chilga EPTLP Major Budget Line Item Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Amount (ETB) Amount (USD) Amount (ETB) Amount (USD) Compensation cost for project affected 4,028,413.9 93,177,195.96 assets 6,130,159.12 265030.65 23,346.30 Transport &Moving allowance 27,000.00 1167.31 540,000.00

Livelihood restoration assistance (lump 35,246.43 417,750.00 18,060.96 815,250.00 sum) 31,993.08 Social Support for vulnerable groups 490,000.00 21,184.61 740,000.00

Budget for Committees 10,214.00 implementing the 157,500.00 6,809.34 236,250.00

RAP(AVC,GRM) 3,307.39 Monitoring and Evaluation (lump sum) 76,500 3,307.39 76,500.00

Total 7,298,909.12 315,560.3 95,585,195.96 4,132,521.10 Contingency 10% 729,890.912 31,556.03 9558519.596 413252.11 Grand Total 8,028,800.03 347,116.3 105,143,715.56 4,545,773.21 Exchange rate: 1 USD = 23.13 ETB (July 10, 2016)

Note:-Transport &Moving allowance and budget for AVC and GRM is estimated based on experience of other project of RAP draft report for Debrezeyit III- Hurso- Dire Dawa industry park transmission line, September 2016.

16. RAP Supervision, Monitoring and Evaluation

16.1Monitoring

Introduction

It is important that the objective of the Policy on Involuntary Resettlement is achieved and therefore monitoring whether the project affected people have had their livelihoods restored to levels prior to project or improved is critical.

To establish the effectiveness of the all the resettlement activities, this monitoring and evaluation (M&E) procedures for the RAP has been designed. With this, it is possible to readily identify problems and successes as early as possible. Monitoring involves period checking to ascertain whether activities are going according to the plan. It provides the feedback necessary for the project management to keep the

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Purpose of Monitoring

The purpose of monitoring is to provide project management, and directly project affected persons with timely, concise, indicative information on whether compensation, resettlement and other impact mitigation measures are on track to achieve sustainable restoration and improvement in the welfare of the affected people, or that adjustments are needed. In short, monitoring answers the question: Are project compensation, resettlement and other impact mitigation measures on time and having the intended effects?

Monitoring verifies that: ✓ Actions and commitment for compensation, resettlement, land access, and development in the proposed RAP are implemented fully and on time; ✓ Eligible project affected people receive their full compensation on time, prior to the start of the main project activities on the proposed Lot-II and Lot-IV; ✓ RAP actions and compensation measures have helped the people who sought cash compensation in restoring their lost incomes and in sustaining/improving pre-project living standards; ✓ Compensation and livelihood investments are achieving sustainable restoration and improvement in the welfare of the PAPs and communities; ✓ Compliant and grievances are followed up with appropriate corrective action and, where necessary, appropriate corrective actions are taken; if necessary, changes in RAP procedure are made to improve delivery of entitlements to project affected people; ✓ Vulnerable persons identified are tracked and assisted as necessary.

16.1.1. Monitoring Framework (Internal and External)

Monitoring will consists of a) Internal monitoring by the WBFPMO Office within EEP as an integral part of its management, working with the impacted communities; and b) External monitoring by the WBFPMO appointed consultants, working with the impacted communities.

16.1.1.1. Internal Monitoring

The internal monitoring, carried out by the WBFPMO itself, is conventional monitoring related factors such as, numbers of persons affected, resettled, assistance extended, and other financial aspects, such as, compensation paid, etc. The internal monitoring must be carried out simultaneously with the implementation of the RAP.

The objectives of internal monitoring are: (i) Daily Operations Planning; (ii) Management and Implementation; (iii) Operational Trouble Shooting and Feedback. The periodicity of internal monitoring could be daily or weekly depending on the issues and level. All aspects of internal M&E shall be supervised by the respective Environmental and Social Office within EEP and Environmental and Social unit within Project Performance Monitoring and Control Management Office teams and will provide evaluation of internal performance and impact monitoring and other reports. Regular process report will be prepared and submitted. The internal monitoring will look at inputs, processes, and outcome of compensation/resettlement/other impact mitigation measures.

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Input monitoring will be established if staff, organization, finance, equipment, supplies and other inputs are on schedule, in the requisite quantity and quality.

Process monitoring will: • Assess RAP implementation strategies and methodologies and the capacity and capability of program management personnel to effectively implement and manage the programs; and • Document lesson learned and best practices and provide recommendations to strengthen the design and implementation of RAP.

Outcome (or effectiveness monitoring) will determine the degree to which the program objectives and performance targets have been achieved. Outcome monitoring will establish if agreed outputs are realized on time for: • Communication with the affected communities; • Agreed resettlement and compensation policies, procedures and rates; • Compensation for crops, buildings, and lost business; • Construction and occupation of infrastructure and housing; • Livelihood program delivery and uptake; • Grievance resolution; • Attention to vulnerable people.

16.1.1.2. External Monitoring

This should be seen in the eye of compliance and impact monitoring. For compliance monitoring, the WBFPMO will appoint a consultant to work closely with the PAPs to track the progress of RAP implementation. The consultant (s) will be a person (s) with deep experience in the conduct of resettlement, hands on experience in monitoring and evaluation, no previous involvement in this project, and proven ability to identify actions that improve implementation and mitigate negative impact of resettlement. The consultant will provide support in the proper implementation of resettlement program. It should also bring the difficulties faced by the PAPs to the notice of WBFPMO, so as to help in formulating corrective measures. As a feedback to the WBFPMO and others concerned, the external consultant should submit quarterly report on progress made relating to different aspects of resettlement and livelihood restoration activities.

Compliance monitoring will: • Determine compliance of RAP implementation with RAP objectives and procedures; • Determine compliance of RAP implementation with the laws, regulations and applicable; • Determine RAP impacts on standard of living, with a focus on the “no worse-off if not better-off” objective; • Determine international best practices; • Verify results of internal monitoring; • Assess whether the resettlement objectives have been meet: specifically, whether livelihood program have restored the livelihood of PAPs and their living conditions have improved; • Assess the resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability, drawing lessons for future resettlement activities and recommending corrections in the implementation process; • Ascertain whether the resettlement entitlements are appropriate to meet the objectives, and whether the objectives are suitable to PAPs conditions; • Assess grievance records, to identify implementation problems and status of grievance resolution; • Ensure RAP implementation is in compliance with World Bank policy and the national legal requirement.

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Impact Monitoring/concurrent evaluation will be carried out simultaneously with the monitoring. For Concurrent Impact Evaluation, the M&E who should have resettlement and social development experience shall: • Verify whether the objective of resettlement have been realized, particularly in the changes in the living standards; • Impact assessment is to be compared with the baseline values for key socioeconomics as given in the RAP; • To assess whether the compensation is adequate to replace the lost assets; • Assess the level of satisfaction of the various assets provided as part of the RAP implementation; • Based on the impact assessment, suitable remedial measures are to be proposed for any shortcomings; and • Remedial measures if PAPs are not able to improve their living standards.

Thus, after one year the expropriation has been completed and the assistance to the PAPs has been made, there will be an impact evaluation to assess whether the PAPs have improved their living conditions in relation with the baseline socioeconomic status established during the socioeconomic studies. • Impact monitoring will cover issues such as: • Public perception of the Project: judgments on the WBFPMOs, project and RAP implementation; • Social structures: traditional authorities, community cohesion; • Economic status of PAPs: livelihood restoration and enterprise, employment, land holdings, non- agricultural enterprise; • Cost of market basket of essentials including rental accommodation; • Employment: on the project and in the impact area.

16.1.2. Indicators to Monitor

Indicators, which will be monitored during the project, may be divided into two categories. • Process input and output indicators for internal monitoring; and • Outcome or impact indicators for external monitoring.

These are highlighted briefly below:

Input indicators include the resources in terms of people, equipment and materials that go into the RAP. Examples of input indicators in the RAP are the sources and amounts of funding for various RAP activities. Output indicators concern the activities and services, which are produced with the inputs. Examples of output indicators in the RAP include (a) a database for tracking individual compensation; and (b) the payment of compensation for losses of assets.

Process indicators represent the change in the quality and quantity of access and coverage of the activities and services. Examples of process indicators in the RAP include: ✓ The creation of grievance mechanisms; ✓ The establishment of stakeholder channels so that they can participate in the RAP implementation; ✓ Information dissemination activities.

Outcome indicators include the delivery of compensation and other mitigation to avoid economic and physical displacement caused by the project. They measure whether compensation is paid and received, whether the affected populations who preferred cash compensation to in-kind resettlement assistance offered to them was able to use compensation payment for sustained income.

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Indicators that will be monitored broadly centered around delivery of compensation, resolution of grievance, land access, increase or decrease in PAPs assets, social stability, health, level of satisfaction of PAPs and number of PAPs that benefits from the livelihood restoration programs. Specifically some monitoring indicators for RAPs are outlined in the table below.

Table 16-1: Monitoring Indicators Indicators Variable Consultation Number of people reached or accessing information, information request, issues raised, etc Consultation and reach out Number of local CBOs participating Compensation and re- Number of PAPs rehoused in their extra land out of ROW establishment PAPs Number of PAPs provided with replacement land, Number of PAPs relocated in the new resettlement area Number of consultations held during RAP implementation, Extent of gender issues handled, Number of PAPs provided with LR measures Amount of Compensation disbursement to PAPs Availably of social infrastructure services in the resettlement area (electricity, water supply, internal access roads Socioeconomic changes Level of income and standard of living of the PAPs Number of income restored, improved or declined from the pre-displacement levels Training Number of various committee members trained Grievance redress Number of cases referred to GRC/CRC mechanism Number of cases settled by GRC/CRC Number of cases pending with GRC/CRC Average time taken for resettlement of cases Number of GRC/CRC meetings Number of PAPs moved court Number of pending cases with the court Number of cases settled by the court GBV GBV prevention activities identified and implemented by EEP and contractors GBV staffs assigned by the contractors Number of GBV cases registered Number of GBV cases adequately resolved Overall Management Effectiveness of compensation delivery system Timely disbursement of compensation Census and asset verification/quantification procedures in place Coordination between local community structures, PAPs, WBFPMO Implementing Agencies

16.1.3. Reporting Requirement

Monitoring reports of the RAP implementation is prepared for the following tasks: internal monitoring, expert monitoring, completion audit and compensation. The WBFPMO will report to the EEP Environment and Social Unit where the unit will prepare regularly (quarterly) performance monitoring report beginning with the commencement of any activities related to resettlement, including income restoration. These reports will summarize information that is collected and compiled in the quarterly narrative status and compensation disbursement reports and highlights key issues that have arisen. As a result of the monitoring of inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes of RAP activities, will be advised of necessary improvements in the implementation. The quietly report will be submitted to the key stakeholders including the World Bank. The table below shows the reporting template to be used for the reporting of the RAP implementation.

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16.1.4.RAP Implementation Monitoring Template

Table 17-2 RAP Monitoring Template Format on Land Acquisition and property losses Name & Location of Sub-project: Project Financer: Project cost: Key Dates of implementation For example—application, approval, public consultation, court dates, work start dates etc Inventory of Land & Assets Acquired from Private Owners Name of Project Owner’s/user’s Land use: pasture, agriculture, Compensation Impact on Owners/land Component: % of total land residence, etc. paid. income of user Area(s) / (ha) and Inventory of any structures or other Other actions owner. plots(s) %taken fixed or productive assets (wells, taken for Impact on acquired (ha) fences, trees, field crops, etc) renters or lease or affected. users. informal Indicate if land is rented or Dates land users. informally used by another party. delivered. Indicate if non-owner users have assets, trees, crops, etc affected Indicate if land-based activity is primary source of income for owner or land user. 1. 2. 3.

Inventory of Public, Community, or State Land Acquired Land parcels for Land type / land Ownership: State, community, other. Compensation, land transfer, or Project use: Forest, Structures or other fixed assets. other measures to mitigate impacts Components Area commons for on land users. Specify measures acquired / parcel grazing, other. and dates of delivery.

Public Awareness, Consultations, and Communication (Report on consultation/meeting process) Concerns raised at Concerns raised How these concerns were resolved? the public outside public consultation consultation

Status of land Acquisition Completed Pending Court decision ongoing

Special Assistance provided beyond cash compensation payment of acquired land Alternative land Relocation Livelihood restoration measures Summary of impact which it assistance addressed

Identification Sources of Methods and channels used to contact Assistance provided to them information for them of vulnerable vulnerable groups groups For example elderly, disabled, widows, etc

Grievance Redress process

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Mechanisms PAPs awareness Are the Grievance mechanisms and Any third party settlement available for of the grievance procedures affordable and accessible mechanism, involvement of project impacted protocol community leaders, NGOs persons to register their grievances and complaints.

Report on how project monitoring (land acquisition) will be done to preclude any future social issues after the project is completed.

16.2. Completion Audit

The EEP shall commission an external party to undertake an evaluation of RAP’s physical inputs to ensure and assess whether the outcome of RAP complies with the involuntary resettlement policy of the World Bank, and the national legal requirement related to expropriation of landholding and payments of compensation. The completion audit shall be undertaken after the RAP implemented. The audit shall verify that all physical inputs committed in the RAP have been delivered and all services provided. It shall evaluate whether the mitigation measures prescribed in the RAP have the desired effect. The completion audit should bring to closure EEP’s liability for resettlement.

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Annex I

References

Azezo – Chilga 230 KV Power Transmission line Projectfeasibility report, Feb, 2016.

A proclamation provided for the Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs.

Central Statistics Authority, 2008.The population & Housing Census of Ethiopia.

Ethiopia Year Book 2015/16 by Government Communication Affairs Office.

RAP draft report for Debrezeyit III- Hurso- Dire Dawa industry park transmission line project, September 2016.

Environmental Impact Analysis of the Five Roads Selected for Rehabilitation and/or Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines Document. EPA, July 2000.

Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation No. 299/2002, Federal NegaritGazeta.

Environmental Impact Considerations for Transport Sector Projects.EPA, 1997.

Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation No. 300/2002.Federal NegaritGazeta.

ERA, 2001, Environmental Procedures Manual

ERA, 2002, Resettlement/Rehabilitation policy framework

Ethiopia Tourist Map, 1:2,000.000 Scale.

Ethiopia: National Report on Environment and Development. A Report prepared for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. January 1992.

Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Organization.Wildlife Conservation Areas Summary Sheet. 1990.

Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea.Volume 7 – Poaceae (Gramineae).By Sylvia Phillips. Editors: Inga Hedberg& Sue Edwards. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Uppsala, Sweden, 1995.

Flora of Ethiopia.Volume 3 – Pittosporaceae to Araliaceae. Editors: Inga Hedberg& Sue Edwards. Addis Ababa & Asmara, Ethiopia; Uppsala, Sweden, 1989.

Oromia Rural Land Use and Administration Proclamation.Proclamation No. 56/2002.

Oromia Rural Land Use and Land Administration Policy.Regional Government of Oromia, 2002.

Proclamation No.295/2002, Federal NegaritGazeta.

Some Threatened Endemic Plants of Ethiopia. EnsermuKelbessa, SebsebeDemissew, ZerihunWoldu and Sue Edwards. In: Botany 2000: East and Central Africa. NAPRECA Monograph 2: 35-52, 1992.

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Standard Environmental Methodologies and Procedures Manual. Volume I. Ethiopian Roads Authority, Addis Ababa. 1999.

Standard Environmental Methodologies and Procedures Manual.Volume II. Ethiopian Roads Authority, Addis Ababa. 1999

The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia. Volume II.Federal Policy on Natural Resources and the Environment. EPA, 1996.

The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (part of the Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia, 1989).

Useful Trees and Shrubs for Ethiopia. Identification, Propagation and Management for Agricultural and Pastoral Communities.AzeneBekele-Tesemma, et al, 1993.

Walia No. 15. Journal of the Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society. 1994. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) report for Geba Hydro Power Project, June 2012.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Report for Metu-Masha 230 kV EPTLPS (Lot-I Site) and Bahir Dar- Dangla 132 KV EPTLPs (Lot-III Site), February 2016.

The Ethiopian Renaissance, An overview of Ethiopia’s 2nd growth and Transformation Plan by The FDRE Government Communication Affairs Office September 2016.

Project profile for Transmission and Substation, Rehabilitation and Upgrading Project prepared by Transmission and Substation Engineering January 2010.

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Annex II List of contacted Persons

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S/ Name of contacted S Job title and Office Address Woreda/City N persons e O x

1 Mr. Tizazu Betseha M Mayor office Head 0918774473 Gonder Town Administration 2 Mr. Amare Mesfin M Education office head 0965327742 Gonder Town Administration 3 Mr. Mikael G\ Eyesus M Women and children office 0918732398 Gonder Town Administration 4 Mr. Abay Chekol M Education department supervisor 0918532222 Gonder Town Administration 5 Mr. Gashaw Tibebu M Land development Head Gonder Town Administration 6 Mrs. Yirge Ymer F Environment Protection and Land Gonder Town Administration administration coordinator 7 Mr. Zerfu Shewa M Agriculture office Head 0918700134 Gonder Town Administration 8 Mr. Zelalem M GIS Expert 0918776830 Gonder Town Administration 9 Mr. Bayuh Abuha M Small scale trade vice head 0918047452 Gonder Town Administration 10 Mr. Bekalu Getahun M Azezo substation head 0918745908 Gonder Town Administration 11 Mrs. Fre Yohannes M Health expert 0918033675 Gonder Town Administration 12 Mrs. Achash Zezera M Health Directive expert 0918573921 Gonder Town Administration 13 Mr. Seid Stotaw M Construction office head 09181672 Gonder Town Administration 14 Mr. Eidris Fenta M Construction expert 0918708905 Gonder Town Administration 15 Mr. Aweke Hagos M Trade development head 0918704413 Gonder Town Administration 16 Mr. Masresha Adera M Development capacity building 0918772832 Gonder Town Administration head 17 Mr. Alemu Bahru M House construction development 0918734365 Gonder Town Administration head 18 Mr. Fikade Hayle M Women and children office expert 0918723168 Gonder Town Administration 19 Mrs. Abta Aweke F Animal resource development 0918788213 Gonder Town Administration expert 20 Mr.Zelalem Tibebu M Agriculture expert 0918776830 Gonder Town Administration 21 Mrs. Anguach Kassahun M Culture and tourism office head 0918738090 Chilga Woreda 22 Mrs. Eelsabet Bazezew F Culture and tourism office expert 0922609314 Chilga Woreda 23 Mr. Chale Sendeke M Health office head 0918199141 Chilga Woreda 24 Mr. Zerihun Nigussie M Land use and Environmental 0918818988 Chilga Woreda protection office head 25 Mr.Abhoy Getnet M Agriculture office head 0918185885 Chilga Woreda 26 Mr. Getasew Gebeyaw M Small scale head 0918376470 Chilga Woreda 27 Mr. Gizachew Demissie M Education office head 0913426242 Chilga Woreda 28 Mr. Adebabay Mulugeta M Woreda administrator 0918731646 Woreda 29 Mr. Kumlachew M Worker 0925198040 Dembiya Woreda 30 Mr. Kifle Ayelsha M Environmental protection rural 0918069997 Dembiya Woreda land administration and use authority head 31 Mr. Tadesse Simegnew M Environmental protection rural 0963793487 Dembiya Woreda land administration and use authority expert

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32 Mekuanint Mesele M Rural land registration and Dembiya Woreda Survey expert 33 Wubalu Wubet F Agriculture office expert 0924254167 Dembiya Woreda 34 Belayneh Mule M Planning expert 0924254142 Dembiya Woreda 35 Mrs. Kalkidan Anbessie F Training coordinator 0918787418 Dembiya Woreda 36 Mr. G/Meskel Gdey M Technique and vocational 0941425932 Dembiya Woreda enterprise expert 37 Mr. Abchew Meles M Technique and vocational 0918401067 Dembiya Woreda enterprise development coordinator 38 Mis. Hana Asmamaw F Extension communication 0918511921 Dembiya Woreda administration expert 39 Mr. Ashenafi Aslake M Health office coordinator 0918155565 Dembiya Woreda 40 Mr. Getachew Assefa M Administrator representative 0918703928 Dembiya Woreda/ 41 Mr. Abdurahman Ayelign M Narew kebele Chairman 0960806850 Dembiya Woreda 42 Mr. Mola Worku M Narew kebele vice Chairman 0927656160 Dembiya Woreda 43 Mr. Alebachew Ayehu M Social affair expert 0934635273 Dembiya Woreda 44 Mr. Kumlachew Mulat M woreda administration Staff 0925198040 Dembiya Woreda 45 Mr. Gebru Alemayehu M Health office head 0918048766 Dembiya Woreda 46 Mr. Takele Dgabas M Rural land administration office 0917815285 Horo Woreda head 47 Mr. Mohamed Hassen Agriculture office head 0917696777 Horo Woreda 48 Mr. Wakjira Amente M Environmental protection office 0910677326 Horo Woreda head 49 Mrs. Chewake Lemasa F Women and children office head 0917669573 Horo Woreda 50 Mr . Teshale Alfetu M Job creation and urban food 0912883593 Horo Woreda security office vise head 51 Mrs. Elfinesh Fito F Women and children office expert 0932233443 Horo Woreda 52 Mr. Dereje Debele M Administration office head 0917843994 Abay Chomen Woreda 53 Mr. Alemayehu Frdesa M 0913500145 Abay Chomen Woreda 54 Mr. Solomon Mamo M Fincha substation head 0913206945 Abay Chomen Woreda 55 Mr. Filea Wedaju M Monitoring and supervision head 0960850959 Abay Chomen Woreda 56 Mr. Jabesa Negasa M Jere Kebele chairman 0913981462 Abay Chomen Woreda 57 Mr. Bekele Jaleta M Jere Kebele manager 0915930681 Abay Chomen Woreda 58 Mr. Geremew Nigusu M Jere Kebele Staff 0920300601 Abay Chomen Woreda 59 Mr. Admasu Bekana M Jere Kebele Staff 0989460875 Abay Chomen Woreda 60 Mr. Nemomsa Firdessa M Animal health plan and 0917842038 Abay Chomen Woreda information expert 61 Mr.Worku Tegegn M Woreda administrator 0912097444 Abay Chomen Woreda 62 Mr. Kenate Aga M Tourism office expert 0921925765 Abay Chomen Woreda

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