Supplementary Figure 1: Interconnected Multiplex with Six Nodes in Two Layers (A and D) and Corresponding Aggregated Networks (B and E)
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Jean-Baptiste Charles Joseph Bélanger (1790-1874), the Backwater Equation and the Bélanger Equation
THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND DIVISION OF CIVIL ENGINEERING REPORT CH69/08 JEAN-BAPTISTE CHARLES JOSEPH BÉLANGER (1790-1874), THE BACKWATER EQUATION AND THE BÉLANGER EQUATION AUTHOR: Hubert CHANSON HYDRAULIC MODEL REPORTS This report is published by the Division of Civil Engineering at the University of Queensland. Lists of recently-published titles of this series and of other publications are provided at the end of this report. Requests for copies of any of these documents should be addressed to the Civil Engineering Secretary. The interpretation and opinions expressed herein are solely those of the author(s). Considerable care has been taken to ensure accuracy of the material presented. Nevertheless, responsibility for the use of this material rests with the user. Division of Civil Engineering The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 AUSTRALIA Telephone: (61 7) 3365 3619 Fax: (61 7) 3365 4599 URL: http://www.eng.uq.edu.au/civil/ First published in 2008 by Division of Civil Engineering The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia © Chanson This book is copyright ISBN No. 9781864999211 The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD JEAN-BAPTISTE CHARLES JOSEPH BÉLANGER (1790-1874), THE BACKWATER EQUATION AND THE BÉLANGER EQUATION by Hubert CHANSON Professor, Division of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia Ph.: (61 7) 3365 3619, Fax: (61 7) 3365 4599, Email: [email protected] Url: http://www.uq.edu.au/~e2hchans/ REPORT No. CH69/08 ISBN 9781864999211 Division of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland August 2008 Jean-Baptiste BÉLANGER (1790-1874) (Courtesy of the Bibliothèque de l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Ponts et Chaussées) Abstract In an open channel, the transition from a high-velocity open channel flow to a fluvial motion is a flow singularity called a hydraulic jump. -
How Doc Draper Became the Father of Inertial Guidance
(Preprint) AAS 18-121 HOW DOC DRAPER BECAME THE FATHER OF INERTIAL GUIDANCE Philip D. Hattis* With Missouri roots, a Stanford Psychology degree, and a variety of MIT de- grees, Charles Stark “Doc” Draper formulated the basis for reliable and accurate gyro-based sensing technology that enabled the first and many subsequent iner- tial navigation systems. Working with colleagues and students, he created an Instrumentation Laboratory that developed bombsights that changed the balance of World War II in the Pacific. His engineering teams then went on to develop ever smaller and more accurate inertial navigation for aircraft, submarines, stra- tegic missiles, and spaceflight. The resulting inertial navigation systems enable national security, took humans to the Moon, and continue to find new applica- tions. This paper discusses the history of Draper’s path to becoming known as the “Father of Inertial Guidance.” FROM DRAPER’S MISSOURI ROOTS TO MIT ENGINEERING Charles Stark Draper was born in 1901 in Windsor Missouri. His father was a dentist and his mother (nee Stark) was a school teacher. The Stark family developed the Stark apple that was popular in the Midwest and raised the family to prominence1 including a cousin, Lloyd Stark, who became governor of Missouri in 1937. Draper was known to his family and friends as Stark (Figure 1), and later in life was known by colleagues as Doc. During his teenage years, Draper enjoyed tinkering with automobiles. He also worked as an electric linesman (Figure 2), and at age 15 began a liberal arts education at the University of Mis- souri in Rolla. -
By September 1976 the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Cambridge
P-357 THE HISTORY OF APOLLO ON-BOARD GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL by David G. Hoag September 1976 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 @ The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. , 1976. the solar pressure force on adjustable sun vanes to drive the average speed of these wheels toward zero. Overall autonomous operation was managed on-board by a small general purpose digital computer configured by its designer, Dr. Raymond Alonso, for very low power drain except at the occasional times needing fast computation speed. A special feature of this computer was the pre-wired, read-only memory called a core rope, a configuration of particularly high storage density requiring only one magnetic core per word of memory. A four volume report of this work was published in July, 1959, and presented to the Air Force Sponsors. However, since the Air Force was disengaging from civilian space development, endeavors to interest NASA were undertaken. Dr. H. Guyford Stever, then an MIT professor, arranged a presentation with Dr. Hugh Dryden, NASA Deputy Administrator, which took place on September 15.* On November 10, NASA sent a letter of in- tent to contract the Instrumentation Laboratory for a $50,000 study to start immediately. The stated purpose was that this study would con- c tribute to the efforts of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in conducting unmanned space missions to Mars, Venus, and the Earth's moon scheduled in Vega and Centaur missions in the next few years. A relationship be- tween MIT and JPL did not evolve. JPL's approach to these deep space missions involved close ground base control with their large antenna tracking and telemetry systems, considerably different from the on- board self sufficiency method which the MIT group advocated and could best support. -
April 17-19, 2018 the 2018 Franklin Institute Laureates the 2018 Franklin Institute AWARDS CONVOCATION APRIL 17–19, 2018
april 17-19, 2018 The 2018 Franklin Institute Laureates The 2018 Franklin Institute AWARDS CONVOCATION APRIL 17–19, 2018 Welcome to The Franklin Institute Awards, the a range of disciplines. The week culminates in a grand United States’ oldest comprehensive science and medaling ceremony, befitting the distinction of this technology awards program. Each year, the Institute historic awards program. celebrates extraordinary people who are shaping our In this convocation book, you will find a schedule of world through their groundbreaking achievements these events and biographies of our 2018 laureates. in science, engineering, and business. They stand as We invite you to read about each one and to attend modern-day exemplars of our namesake, Benjamin the events to learn even more. Unless noted otherwise, Franklin, whose impact as a statesman, scientist, all events are free, open to the public, and located in inventor, and humanitarian remains unmatched Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. in American history. Along with our laureates, we celebrate his legacy, which has fueled the Institute’s We hope this year’s remarkable class of laureates mission since its inception in 1824. sparks your curiosity as much as they have ours. We look forward to seeing you during The Franklin From sparking a gene editing revolution to saving Institute Awards Week. a technology giant, from making strides toward a unified theory to discovering the flow in everything, from finding clues to climate change deep in our forests to seeing the future in a terahertz wave, and from enabling us to unplug to connecting us with the III world, this year’s Franklin Institute laureates personify the trailblazing spirit so crucial to our future with its many challenges and opportunities. -
Charles Fréderic Gerhardt Jaime Wisniak
PARA QUITARLE EL POLVO La química en la historia, para la enseñanza Charles Fréderic Gerhardt Jaime Wisniak Resumen Charles-Victor Lobstein (1809-1863). Samuel Ger- Charles Fréderic Gerhardt (1816-1856) fue uno de los hardt, born in Switzerland, came from a well-known químicos más importantes del siglo diecinueve, cu - family of brewers. At a young age he moved to yas investigaciones y teorías ejercieron una poderosa Strasbourg where he found employment in the influencia en el desarrollo de la química. Su teoría Turckheim bank and married. His skills led to a fast de los tipos fue significativa en impulsar hacia ade- career and thus to provide his family with a prosper- lante la clasificación orgánica, poniéndola en una ous and cultured home. forma más racional, y en destronar el enfoque dua - Between 1824 and 1831 Charles attended the lista. La teoría de los tipos evolucionó hacia la idea local Gymnase Protestant, an institution controlled by de valencia. Gerhardt generalizó el concepto de the Lutheran Augsburg Confession. According to homología y equivalentes. Fue asimismo responsa- Carneiro (1993) the Gymnasium had been founded ble de la síntesis de un gran número de compuestos in 1538 by Jean Sturm (1507-1589), a German Lu - orgánicos, entre ellos anhidridos y cloruros de ácido, theran reformed who advocated and practiced the derivados del ácido salicílico, anilidas, y fosfamidas. propagation of knowledge through teaching and publication. This institution was highly regarded in Abstract the educational circle; it had resisted several at- Charles Fréderic Gerhardt (1816-1856) was one of tempts by the Ministry of Instruction to integrate it the most important chemists of the nineteenth cen- into the official Lycée program, particularly after the tury and whose researches and theories exerted a anti clerical atmosphere that was prevalent after powerful influence in the development of chemistry. -
Redalyc.Joseph Achille Le Bel. His Life and Works
Revista CENIC. Ciencias Químicas ISSN: 1015-8553 [email protected] Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Cuba Wisniak, Jaime Joseph Achille Le Bel. His Life and Works Revista CENIC. Ciencias Químicas, vol. 33, núm. 1, enero-abril, 2002, pp. 35-43 Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas La Habana, Cuba Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=181625999008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista CENIC Ciencias Químicas, Vol. 33, No. 1, 2002. RESEÑA BIOGRAFICA Joseph Achille Le Bel. His Life and Works Jaime Wisniak Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel 84105. [email protected]. Recibido: 26 de abril del 2001. Aceptado: 22 de mayo del 2001. Palabras clave: Le Bel, Química, estereoquímica, actividad óptica, cosmogonia Key words: Le Bel, Chemistry, stereoquímica, optical activity, cosmogony. RESUMEN. Joseph Achille Le Bel es un ejemplo de científicos como Réaumur The same year his father passed que investigaron muchÍsimos temas, pero solo son recordados por uno. Le Bel away and his two sisters, Marie and es un nombre bien conocido por los estudiantes de Química en general, y Emma, took charge of the family in- estereoquímica en particular. El nos dejo los principios básicos que determinan dustry and in this way allowed Le las condiciones geométricas que un compuesto de carbón debe satisfacer para Bel to continue chemical studies. -
Early Russian Organic Chemists and Their Legacy
SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science Early Russian Organic Chemists and Their Legacy Bearbeitet von David Lewis 1. Auflage 2012. Taschenbuch. xii, 136 S. Paperback ISBN 978 3 642 28218 8 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 237 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Chemie, Biowissenschaften, Agrarwissenschaften > Chemie Allgemein > Geschichte der Chemie Zu Inhaltsverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. Chapter 2 Beginnings 2.1 Introduction At the start of the twentieth century, organic chemistry was not yet 75 years old as a separate and legitimate sub-discipline of the science. Considerable progress had been made in these first seven decades, and the stage was set for the dramatic advances in the science to come in the following century. Most practicing organic chemists are familiar with many of the great German, French and English organic chemists whose work helped the fledgling discipline grow, but few are familiar with the role that Russian organic chemists of the nineteenth and early twentieth century played in the development of the science. And this is in spite of the fact that many of the named rules and reactions that one studies in the first course in organic chemistry are, in fact, of Russian origin. It is the intent of this book to help rectify that deficiency. -
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The new prophet : Harold C. Urey, scientist, atheist, and defender of religion Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j80v92j Author Shindell, Matthew Benjamin Publication Date 2011 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO The New Prophet: Harold C. Urey, Scientist, Atheist, and Defender of Religion A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History (Science Studies) by Matthew Benjamin Shindell Committee in charge: Professor Naomi Oreskes, Chair Professor Robert Edelman Professor Martha Lampland Professor Charles Thorpe Professor Robert Westman 2011 Copyright Matthew Benjamin Shindell, 2011 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Matthew Benjamin Shindell is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2011 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page……………………………………………………………………...... iii Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………. iv Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………. -
Oxford University Press Free Sample Chapter Multiplex-Multi-Level
FREE SAMPLE CHAPTER Networks and Complex Systems publications from Oxford University Press 30% online discount Networks Multilayer Networks Introduction to the Second Edition Structure and Function Theory of £49.99 £34.99 £55.00 £38.50 Complex Systems Mark Newman Ginestra Bianconi £49.99 £34.99 Stefan Thurner, Peter Klimek, Rudolf Hanel Generating Random Scale-Free Networks Agent-Based Modeling Networks and Graphs Complex Webs in and Network Dynamics £55.00 £38.50 Nature and Technology £57.50 £40.25 Ton Coolen, Alessia Annibale, £34.49 £24.14 Akira Namatame, Ekaterina Roberts Guido Caldarelli Shu-Heng Chen Order online at www.oup.com and enter the code EXCCS-18 to get a 30% discount Visit us at stand #1 to receive your free hard copy of this chapter and join our mailing list. OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST PROOF, 3/8/2018, SPi Preface As the field of complex networks entered its maturity phase, most scientists working in this field thought that the established methodology could deal with all casesof networked systems. However, as is usually the case in the scientific enterprise, some novel observations showed that what we already know is only a limited case, and network theory has still long way to go until we can make any definitive claim. The ever-increasing availability of data in fields ranging from computer science to urban systems, medicine, economics, and finance showed that networks that were usually perceived as distinct and isolated are, in reality, interacting with other networks. While this sounds like a trivial observation, it was shown that interactions of different networks can lead to unexpected behaviors and allow systemic vulnerabilities to emerge. -
Communications-Mathematics and Applied Mathematics/Download/8110
A Mathematician's Journey to the Edge of the Universe "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." ― Socrates Manjunath.R #16/1, 8th Main Road, Shivanagar, Rajajinagar, Bangalore560010, Karnataka, India *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] *Website: http://www.myw3schools.com/ A Mathematician's Journey to the Edge of the Universe What’s the Ultimate Question? Since the dawn of the history of science from Copernicus (who took the details of Ptolemy, and found a way to look at the same construction from a slightly different perspective and discover that the Earth is not the center of the universe) and Galileo to the present, we (a hoard of talking monkeys who's consciousness is from a collection of connected neurons − hammering away on typewriters and by pure chance eventually ranging the values for the (fundamental) numbers that would allow the development of any form of intelligent life) have gazed at the stars and attempted to chart the heavens and still discovering the fundamental laws of nature often get asked: What is Dark Matter? ... What is Dark Energy? ... What Came Before the Big Bang? ... What's Inside a Black Hole? ... Will the universe continue expanding? Will it just stop or even begin to contract? Are We Alone? Beginning at Stonehenge and ending with the current crisis in String Theory, the story of this eternal question to uncover the mysteries of the universe describes a narrative that includes some of the greatest discoveries of all time and leading personalities, including Aristotle, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton, and the rise to the modern era of Einstein, Eddington, and Hawking. -
Antoine Paul Nicolas Franchimont 1844-1919 (Leiden) and Charles Adolphe Wurtz 1817-1884 (Strasbourg) Barrett Honors College Chemistry 113 Footnote 18 Project Pamela T
Antoine Paul Nicolas Franchimont 1844-1919 (Leiden) and Charles Adolphe Wurtz 1817-1884 (Strasbourg) Barrett Honors College Chemistry 113 Footnote 18 Project Pamela T. Hoang November 21, 2003 Antoine Paul Nicolas Franchimont (1844-1919) was appointed to the position of professor of chemistry at The Leiden Institute of Chemistry in 1874 along with J.M. van Bemmelen (Driessen). The Leiden University has boasted a proud, venerable reputation of chemistry since it was founded in 1575. Approximately 300 years later, Franchimont became the first chair of organic chemistry in Europe at Leiden. He received his Ph.D. in 1871 at the young age of 27. Three years later, Franchimont was promised a “new laboratory, but he had to wait twenty-seven years before he could move into a new building in the Hugo de Grootstraat” (Driessen). After the new laboratory opened in 1918, Franchimont unfortunately died a year later; however, chemistry flourished in the laboratories in the centre of Leiden for approximately seventy years. The number of students increased from one or two per year to about one hundred in the late 1960’s (Driessen). Franchimont is also credited with co-discovering triphenylmethane and anthraquinone. In addition, he also studied the acylation of sugars and cellulose, nitroamino compounds, and the chemistry of hydrogen azide, urea, urethanes, nitric acid, and oxalic acid (Bachas). Lastly he is attributed to discovering "tetryl," which was a widely, popular explosive in the early 1900s (Bachas). Charles Adolphe Wurtz (1817-1884) 2 It was once said, “Chemistry has perhaps the most intricate, most fascinating, and certainly most romantic history of all the sciences” by Dr. -
Memorial Tributes: Volume 15
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/13160 SHARE Memorial Tributes: Volume 15 DETAILS 444 pages | 6 x 9 | HARDBACK ISBN 978-0-309-21306-6 | DOI 10.17226/13160 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK National Academy of Engineering FIND RELATED TITLES Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 15 Memorial Tributes NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 15 Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 15 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Memorial Tributes Volume 15 THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. 2011 Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 15 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-21306-6 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-21306-1 Additional copies of this publication are available from: The National Academies Press 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Lockbox 285 Washington, D.C. 20055 800–624–6242 or 202–334–3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area) http://www.nap.edu Copyright 2011 by the National Academy of Sciences.