DOCSLIB.ORG

Uuthesis-A Hennius 2021

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Uuthesis-A Hennius 2021 OCCASIONAL PAPERS IN ARCHAEOLOGY 73 Outlanders? Resource colonisation, raw material exploitation and Networks in Middle Iron Age Sweden Andreas Hennius Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Humanistiska teatern, Engelska parken, Thunbergsvägen 3c, Uppsala, Saturday, 8 May 2021 at 13:00 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Dr James Barrett (Cambridge University). Abstract Hennius, A. 2021. Outlanders? Resource colonisation, raw material exploitation and networks in Middle Iron Age Sweden. Occasional papers in archaeology 73. 149 pp. Uppsala: Department of Archaeology and Ancient History. ISBN 978-91-506-2868-5. The Middle Iron Age, around 300–650 CE, was characterised by extensive transformations across many aspects of society in the area of present-day Sweden. Within the central agricultural regions of the southern parts of the country, these changes are evident in a re-organisation of the settlements, renewed burial practices, the building of large-scale monuments, as well as increased militarisation, social stratification and an increase in imported objects. This thesis addresses an additional aspect of Middle Iron Age societal change, namely an increase in the utilisation of raw materials and resources from forested and coastal landscapes situated beyond the settled farm. These non-agrarian landscapes are commonly referred to as the outlands. In previous research, the increased utilisation of the outlands has in general been understood as part of a Viking Age expansion. The case studies of the thesis suggest that the outlands saw an intensified resource colonisation already during the Middle Iron Age, and that a similar explanatory model can be used to accommodate the parallel developments that appear in the agrarian landscapes as well as the in the outlands. The resource colonisation contributed to a surplus production that seems to have exceeded the needs of ordinary households, along with serially produced items, distributed along far-reaching trade networks in exchange of exotic commodities. The thesis argues that these networks should be interpreted as part of systems connecting distant regions, ranging from the Far East to Arctic Scandinavia. The discussions of the cases studies illustrate interplay between different groups of people – producers and consumers, hunters and farmers – in different parts of the landscape, and how they generated complex, social and economic relations and interdependencies. This in turn resulted in specific cultural patterns in the border area between the boreal forest in the north and the agrarian region in the south. The main contribution of the study is that it highlights how the main elements of outland exploitation, such as mass production and trade in valuable non-agrarian resources, can be dated earlier than has been previously thought. Moreover, the thesis argues that outland resource colonisation was an important driving force for the societal developments that took place during the Middle Iron Age, and is crucial for our understanding of later time periods. Keywords: outlands, non-agrarian production, resource exploitation, Scandinavia, Iron Age archaeology, pre-viking age, Vendel period, Viking Age, tar production, pitfall hunting, whaling, seasonal production sites Andreas Hennius, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Archaeology, Box 626, Uppsala University, SE-75126 Uppsala, Sweden. © Andreas Hennius 2021 ISSN 1100-6358 ISBN 978-91-506-2868-5 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-437158 (http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-437158) ”Det som för länge sedan var förött och nedkämpat i skoglösa länder blev hos oss vägen till kultur och civilisation. Skogens paradox blev vår kulturs kärna. Det kaotiska som gav utanförskap erkändes också som nyttighet och skydd. Vi har ett djupt behov av skogen.” Kerstin Ekman, Herrarna i skogen List of Papers This thesis is based on the following papers, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals. The papers are included in appendices I–IV. I Hennius, A. 2020a. Towards a Refined Chronology of Prehis- toric Pitfall Hunting in Sweden. European Journal of Archaeol- ogy. doi:10.1017/eaa.2020.8 Pp. 1–17 II Hennius, A., Gustavsson, R., Ljungkvist, J. & Spindler, L. 2018. Whalebone Gaming Pieces: Aspects of Marine Mammal Exploitation in Vendel and Viking Age Scandinavia. European Journal of Archaeology, 21. https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2018.15 Pp. 612–631. III Hennius, A. 2018. Viking Age Tar Production and Outland Ex- ploitation. Antiquity, 92. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.22 Pp. 1349–1361. IV Hennius, A. 2020b. Outland exploitation and the emergence of seasonal settlements. Bebyggelsehistorisk tidskrift, 79 Stock- holm. Pp. 8–24. Reprints were made with permission from the respective publishers. Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................... 15 Prerequisites of the thesis ................................................................................ 16 Thesis outline ................................................................................................... 23 Middle Iron Age society — a general view of the current state of research ....... 27 Settlement patterns and changing land regulations......................................... 28 An elite buried in large mounds ...................................................................... 30 Socio-political power struggles ....................................................................... 37 Far-reaching contacts and trade ....................................................................... 39 Socio–economic background .......................................................................... 41 Beyond the settled infields – historical analogies ........................................... 44 Into the great beyond — a research history .................................................. 53 The discovery of an archaeological outland ............................................. 57 A growing interest for outland archaeology ............................................. 64 A neo-empirical turn and new ways to trace the pre-history of the outlands .................................................................................................... 67 Furs and other outland resources in historical sources ............................. 70 Questions, methods and theoretical considerations — alternatives to an agrarian based narrative ................................................................................ 75 When, What, Where, Who, Why, and How? ........................................... 76 Methodological standpoints ..................................................................... 80 Theoretical considerations ........................................................................ 82 Introducing the case studies .......................................................................... 87 Case study I: Towards a refined chronology of prehistoric pitfall hunting ...................................................................................................... 89 Case study II: Whalebone gaming pieces – aspects of marine mammal exploitation in pre-Viking Scandinavia .................................................... 91 Case study III: Viking Age tar production and outland exploitation ....... 94 Case study IV: Outland exploitation and the emergence of seasonal settlements ................................................................................................ 96 Outland use in the Middle Iron Age — Resource colonisation, raw material exploitation and networks ............................................................... 99 When? — The Middle Iron Age, a time of changes ................................. 99 What? — A broad spectrum of outland resources .................................. 102 Where? — A far-reaching outland ......................................................... 105 Who? — The outlands as a middle ground ............................................ 109 Why? — Supporting the power politics of networks and trade ............. 114 Outlanders? ................................................................................................. 121 References ................................................................................................... 125 Internet references .................................................................................. 149 Förord Att genomföra forskarutbildningen på ett svenskt universitet, och att skriva examensarbetet i form av en doktorsavhandling, planeras till fyra års heltids- studier. För min del har det tagit betydligt mycket längre tid. Föreliggande examensarbete kan på många sätt ses som en sammanfattning av närmare 20 års arbete som fältarkeolog, från det att jag började gräva härdar i Östergötland 1997 till undersökningen av en stor vendeltida gravhög utanför Uppsala 2013. Detta arbete skiljer sig väsentligt, både geografiskt och kronologiskt, från vad jag trodde att jag skulle fördjupa mig i när jag tillsammans med Leif Hägg- ström sorterade neolitisk keramik från Falbygden i källaren på arkeologiska institutionen vid Göteborgs universitet i början av 1990-talet. Detta arbete ver- kar ha präglat oss båda på liknande vis eftersom Leif skrev sin avhandling om samhällsutvecklingen under järnåldern i skogsmarkerna på Sydsvenska hög- landet. Först och främst vill jag tacka Berit Wallenbergs Stiftelse
Load more

Recommended publications
  • LCSH Section K
    K., Rupert (Fictitious character) Motion of K stars in line of sight Ka-đai language USE Rupert (Fictitious character : Laporte) Radial velocity of K stars USE Kadai languages K-4 PRR 1361 (Steam locomotive) — Orbits Ka’do Herdé language USE 1361 K4 (Steam locomotive) UF Galactic orbits of K stars USE Herdé language K-9 (Fictitious character) (Not Subd Geog) K stars—Galactic orbits Ka’do Pévé language UF K-Nine (Fictitious character) BT Orbits USE Pévé language K9 (Fictitious character) — Radial velocity Ka Dwo (Asian people) K 37 (Military aircraft) USE K stars—Motion in line of sight USE Kadu (Asian people) USE Junkers K 37 (Military aircraft) — Spectra Ka-Ga-Nga script (May Subd Geog) K 98 k (Rifle) K Street (Sacramento, Calif.) UF Script, Ka-Ga-Nga USE Mauser K98k rifle This heading is not valid for use as a geographic BT Inscriptions, Malayan K.A.L. Flight 007 Incident, 1983 subdivision. Ka-houk (Wash.) USE Korean Air Lines Incident, 1983 BT Streets—California USE Ozette Lake (Wash.) K.A. Lind Honorary Award K-T boundary Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris USE Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary UF Ka Iwi Scenic Shoreline Park (Hawaii) K.A. Linds hederspris K-T Extinction Ka Iwi Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris USE Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction BT National parks and reserves—Hawaii K-ABC (Intelligence test) K-T Mass Extinction Ka Iwi Scenic Shoreline Park (Hawaii) USE Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children USE Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction USE Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) K-B Bridge (Palau) K-TEA (Achievement test) Ka Iwi Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Koro-Babeldaod Bridge (Palau) USE Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement USE Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) K-BIT (Intelligence test) K-theory Ka-ju-ken-bo USE Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test [QA612.33] USE Kajukenbo K.
    [Show full text]
  • Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and Natural History
    Proceedingsof the SUFFOLK INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY 4 °4vv.es`Egi vI V°BkIAS VOLUME XXV, PART 1 (published 1950) PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY W. E. HARRISON & SONS, LTD., THE ANCIENT HOUSE, IPSWI611. The costof publishing this paper has beenpartially defrayedby a Grant from the Council for British Archeology. THE SUTTON HOO SHIP-BURIAL Recenttheoriesand somecommentsongeneralinterpretation By R. L. S. BRUCE-MITFORD, SEC. S.A. INTRODUCTION The Sutton Hoo ship-burial was discovered more than ten years ago. During these years especially since the end of the war in Europe has made it possible to continue the treatment and study of the finds and proceed with comparative research, its deep significance for general and art history, Old English literature and European archmology has become more and more evident. Yet much uncertainty prevails on general issues. Many questions cannot receive their final answer until the remaining mounds of the grave-field have been excavated. Others can be answered, or at any rate clarified, now. The purpose of this article is to clarify the broad position of the burial in English history and archmology. For example, it has been said that ' practically the whole of the Sutton Hoo ship-treasure is an importation from the Uppland province of Sweden. The great bulk of the work was produced in Sweden itself.' 1 Another writer claims that the Sutton Hoo ship- burial is the grave of a Swedish chief or king.' Clearly we must establish whether it is part of English archxology, or of Swedish, before we can start to draw from it the implications that we are impatient to draw.
    [Show full text]
  • University of London Deviant Burials in Viking-Age
    UNIVERSITY OF LONDON DEVIANT BURIALS IN VIKING-AGE SCANDINAVIA Ruth Lydia Taylor M. Phil, Institute of Archaeology, University College London UMI Number: U602472 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U602472 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT DEVIANT BURIALS IN VIKING-AGE SCANDINAVIA The thesis brings together information yielded from archaeology and other sources to provide an overall picture of the types of burial practices encountered during the Viking-Age in Scandinavia. From this, an attempt is made to establish deviancy. Comparative evidence, such as literary, runic, legal and folkloric evidence will be used critically to shed perspective on burial practices and the artefacts found within the graves. The thesis will mostly cover burials from the Viking Age (late 8th century to the mid- 11th century), but where the comparative evidence dates from other periods, its validity is discussed accordingly. Two types of deviant burial emerged: the criminal and the victim. A third type, which shows distinctive irregularity yet lacks deviancy, is the healer/witch burial.
    [Show full text]
  • Paviken Research Project 2013-2016 Investigation of a Viking Age Trading and Manufacturing Site on Gotland, Sweden
    Gotland Archaeological Field-school Paviken research project 2013-2016 Investigation of a Viking Age trading and manufacturing site on Gotland, Sweden Project plan Project Director Associate Professor Dan Carlsson Arendus Färjeleden 5c, 621 58 Visby Sweden. Tel. +46-498219999 www.gotland-fieldschool.com Email: [email protected] Cover picture: The head of a dress pin in the form of a dragons head. Found at Stånga, Gotland. Photo Dan Carlsson Harbours and trading in the Baltic Sea during the Viking Age - an introduction In our interpretation of prehistory we are highly influenced by the material we see in the landscape or by coincidences found during archaeological surveys, and we forget or neglect to take into account the hidden cultural landscape. This is particularly true when it comes to prehistory in Sweden. As we completely lack written sources before the 12th century (with the exception of runic inscriptions) we have to rely on archaeological field material. An example of this problem is the question of Viking Age trade and its associated port activities. Extensive Viking material from Gotland suggests that the island had a lively exchange with the surrounding regions at that time in its history. This is reflected in the existence of numerous silver hoards; no area in northern Europe has such a con- centration of silver from the Viking Age as Gotland. There are clear signs of an extensive and lively Staraya Sigtuna trade and exchange (or piracy, as Ladoga Birka some would argue), which in turn Kaupang required docking points, ports
    [Show full text]
  • Weights and Balances Were Major Contributors to the Human Experience Through out Recorded History
    Ashley Atwood Viking Age Balances and Weights 2013 Weights and balances were major contributors to the human experience through out recorded history. They were not only an instrument of science and trade but also charged symbols of credence, rectitude, codependency, order, law, and justice. The Viking Age progressed largely undocumented by the Norse themselves. The role that weights and balances played in the economic practices of the Vikings must therefore be guided predominately by archaeological data and analysis. Through out this paper I will discuss/examine metrological studies, metallurgic ceramics, spatial and temporal analyses, and symbological possibilities of Viking Age weights and balances. The transition from agriculture, to raiding, then to urbanism and trade reflect an economic determinist’s attitude that was apparent in Norse culture. During the 8th century Scandinavian raids were conducted against urban centres for the interest of easily accessible wealth of vulnerable monastaries. Inevitably, during raiding excursions the Vikings would come into contact with such empires as the Carolingians and the Caliphates that would sooner than later have a significant influence upon personal and international economic sustainability (Barrett 2008: 677). The earliest evidence of eastern expansion is a hoard of oriental coins dating from the mid to the late 8th century near Staraja Ladoga (Barrett 2008: 678). The Vikings quickly acknowledged the advantage of transactions based on the weight of silver as this could include any material item that contained such an alloy be it ingot, jewelry, coin, or hacksilver. This demarcation in economic shift was also due to the social and political construction exercised at the time.
    [Show full text]
  • Námořní Obchod Ve Středomoří
    NÁMOŘNÍ OBCHOD PODÉL ATLANTICKÉHO POBŘEŽÍ A VE VNITROZEMÍ EVROPY Petra Maříková Vlčková AEB_37 Dálkový obchod raně středověké Evropy 29.11.2015 ADMINISTRATIVA Dnes: náhrada 2. hodiny, tato učebna, po standardní výuce Doplňky k předchozí přednášce – historické dálkové trasy: IS, tento předmět Historické reálie pro dnešní přednášku: tamtéž DÁLKOVÝ OBCHOD PODÉL ATLANTICKÉHO POBŘEŽÍ EVROPY Za Gibraltar: od 5. až do počátku 8. st. poměrně často Alexandrijská loď plující do Anglie a navrátivší se s nákladem cínu – možná reálný základ Trasa: podél galicijského a kantabrijského pobřeží Během cest – návštěva hrobu sv. Martina z Tour Z pobřeží Evropy – od počátku 7. st.: rapidní změna politických a ekonomických poměrů – Merovejci ovládající Neustrii a Austrasii – zakládají na pobřeží emporia: Neustrie (Bretaň – řeka Šelda): Quentovic Austrie (Porýní): Dorestad. SPECIFIKA ATLANTICKÉHO OBCHODU Lodě bez dostatečně pevných stožárů s plachtovím = lidská síla a vesla Početnější posádky – až 250 osob Obchodníci: převážně Frísové – napojení na tzv. severní oblouk Výraznější propojení námořního obchodu a vnitrozemského pohybu zboží a lidí: stratifikace obchodních středisek Fríský obchod směrem na S: kolem Jutského poloostrova (zkrácení přes Jutskou šíji a řeku Treene) – od 9. stol. - Hedeby EMPORIA Anglie, 5.-6.st: hierarchizovaná sídliště; domácí produkce; omezený okruh směny Konec 6.-7.st: EMPORIA TYP A: obchodní místa periodicky využívána, paláce, kostely, stratifikovaná pohřebiště = doklady vzniku nového společenského uspořádání. Změna v řemeslnické produkci a jejím pohybu – včetně luxusních předmětů. Ipswich Konec 7.st: EMPORIA TYP B: proměna v centrum městského charakteru. Pravidelná uliční síť (jedna hlavní). Domy orientované delší stranou do ulice, přístřešky pro zemědělskou produkci Hamwic R. Hodges 1982: Dark Age Economics: The Origins of Town and Trade.
    [Show full text]
  • Årsskrift För Sigtunaforskning Och Historisk Arkeologi 2011 Utgiven Av Sigtuna Museum
    situne dei Årsskrift för Sigtunaforskning och historisk arkeologi 2011 Redaktion: Rune Edberg och Anders Wikström Utgiven av Sigtuna Museum SITUNE DEI Eyvind Skáldaspillir’s silver – refining and standards in pre-monetary economies in the light of finds from Sigtuna and Gotland Anders Söderberg t is said that in the first half of the 10th marks. This they sent to Eyvind; but Eyvind Icentury, when the court poet of King had the shoulder-pin broken into pieces and Hakon the Good, Eyvind Finnsson Skál- with the silver he bought a farmstead for daspillir, had composed a poem to the himself.” (Foote 1961:125f) honour of the Icelanders, it was decided to In other translations keypti sér bú með is reward him by making him a cloak-pin. variously translated as “bought cattle with it” or “obliged to…buy food for his house- ”Eyvindr orti drápu um alla Íslendinga, en þeir hold”. The phrase “…at hverr bóndi gaf ho- launuðu svá, at hverr bóndi gaf honum skattpen- num skattpening. Sá stóð þrjá penninga ing. Sá stóð þrjá penninga silfrs vegna ok hvítr silfrs vegna” has also been translated as í skor. En er silfrit kom fram á alþingi, þá réðu “each bonde [farmer] offered a scatt penny menn þat af at fá smiða til at skíra silfrit. Síðan of pure silver equal to three weighed penni- var görr af feldardálkr, en þar af var greitt es” which is supposed to be a reference to smíðarkaupit. Pá stóð dálkrinn fimm tigu mar- imported debased Anglo-Saxon pennies, of ka. Hann sendu þeir Eyvindi, en Eyvindr lét hög- which three were equal to one penny of fine gva í sundr dálkinn ok keypti sér bú með.” silver (Dasent 1861:405).
    [Show full text]
  • Die Hügelgräber Von Alt-Uppsala
    Mag. Dr. Friedrich Grünzweig PS Proseminar: Archäologie in Skandinavien LV-Nr. 130069 WS 2015/16 Die Hügelgräber von Alt-Uppsala Mag. Ulrich Latzenhofer Matrikel-Nr. 8425222 Studienkennzahl 033 668 Studienplancode SKB241 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Vorbemerkung .................................................................................................................... 3 2 Grabungen und Funde ......................................................................................................... 4 3 Chronologische Einordnung ............................................................................................... 7 3.1 Hügelgräber ................................................................................................................. 7 3.2 Grabbeigaben ............................................................................................................... 7 3.3 Literarische Überlieferung ........................................................................................... 8 4 Anordnung der Hügelgräber ............................................................................................. 10 5 Literaturverzeichnis .......................................................................................................... 13 5.1 Quellen ....................................................................................................................... 13 5.2 Forschungsliteratur .................................................................................................... 13 3 1 Vorbemerkung Nach
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industry of Sweden in 2016
    2016 Minerals Yearbook SWEDEN [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. Department of the Interior November 2019 U.S. Geological Survey Revised November 2020 The Mineral Industry of Sweden By Meralis Plaza-Toledo Sweden, a country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula Production and bordered by Norway on the west and Finland to the east, is part of an area of crystalline and metamorphic rocks called the In 2016, the production of horticultural and fuel peat Fennoscandian Shield, which hosts a variety of mineral deposits. increased by 31% and 25% respectively; tellurium by 15%; The three primary ore regions in Sweden are the Norrbotten iron ore, by 8%; gold, by 8%; and silver, by 7%. Production of region, which is characterized by iron ore, copper, and gold feldspar decreased by 24%, and that of ferrochromium, by 13%. deposits; the Bothnia-Skelleftea region, which is characterized Data on mineral production are in table 1. by base metals and gold; and the Bergslagen region, which hosts Structure of the Mineral Industry copper, gold, iron ore, lead, and zinc. In 2016, Sweden was the leading iron ore producer of the European Union (EU) and a In 2016, the Swedish mineral industry was composed mostly leading producer of copper, gold, lead, silver, and zinc. In 2016, of privately owned companies. State-owned Luossavaara- Sweden was estimated to be the world’s second-ranked producer Kiirunavaara AB (LKAB) was Europe’s leading iron ore of refined tellurium, accounting for 9.5% of the world’s producer. Boliden AB (Boliden), a privately owned mining refinery production (Swedish Trade and Invest Council, 2014; and mineral-processing company, produced copper, gold, lead, Geological Survey of Norway, 2016; Anderson, 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Swedbalt 20-40 TL
    1 Thomas Lundén draft 2018-09-02 The dream of a Balto-Scandian Federation: Sweden and the independent Baltic States 1918-1940 in geography and politics This paper will focus on the attempts by Swedish and Baltic geographers in the inter-war period to discuss a geopolitical regionalism defined by Sweden, Finland and the three Baltic States, and the political use of the so called Balto-Scandian concept1. Introduction For a long time in the 20th century, the Baltic region, or Baltikum2, here defined as the area south of the Gulf of Finland and east of the Baltic Sea, was more or less a white spot on the mental map of Swedish politicians and social scientists alike. The “inventor” of geopolitics, political scientist and conservative politician Rudolf Kjellén, urged for Swedish cultural and economic activism towards the Baltic part of Tsarist Russia (Marklund, 2014, 195-199, see also Kuldkepp, 2014, 126), but the program was never implemented, and the break-up of the Russian Empire and the new geopolitical situation, as well as Kjellén’s death in 1922, with a few exceptions put a new end to Swedish academic interests in the contemporary geopolitical situation of the area. From Eastern Baltic point of view, any super-state regionalism with Norden3 was primarily connected with Estonia, in combination with Sweden (Kuldkepp 2010, 49, 2015). Sweden and Estonia thus played a special role in the Baltic discussion about regionalism. The independence of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in 1919-1920 gave Sweden a geopolitical buffer to the neighboring great powers Russia/Soviet Union and Germany, which were initially weakened and politically unstable.
    [Show full text]
  • A Viking-Age Settlement in the Hinterland of Hedeby Tobias Schade
    L. Holmquist, S. Kalmring & C. Hedenstierna-Jonson (eds.), New Aspects on Viking-age Urbanism, c. 750-1100 AD. Proceedings of the International Symposium at the Swedish History Museum, April 17-20th 2013. Theses and Papers in Archaeology B THESES AND PAPERS IN ARCHAEOLOGY B New Aspects on Viking-age Urbanism, c. 750-1100 AD. Proceedings of the International Symposium at the Swedish History Museum, April 17–20th 2013 Lena Holmquist, Sven Kalmring & Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson (eds.) Contents Introduction Sigtuna: royal site and Christian town and the Lena Holmquist, Sven Kalmring & regional perspective, c. 980-1100 Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson.....................................4 Sten Tesch................................................................107 Sigtuna and excavations at the Urmakaren Early northern towns as special economic and Trädgårdsmästaren sites zones Jonas Ros.................................................................133 Sven Kalmring............................................................7 No Kingdom without a town. Anund Olofs- Spaces and places of the urban settlement of son’s policy for national independence and its Birka materiality Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson...................................16 Rune Edberg............................................................145 Birka’s defence works and harbour - linking The Schleswig waterfront - a place of major one recently ended and one newly begun significance for the emergence of the town? research project Felix Rösch..........................................................153
    [Show full text]
  • Fornvännen 1947
    ARKEOLOGISK DATERING AV VENDELTIDENS NORDISKA RUNINSKRIFTER Av Birger Nerman IXuuiorskningen måste för de tider, vilka ligga före hedendomens sista århundraden, i regel bygga på den kronologi, som kan upp­ ställas med ledning av inskrifterna på arkeologiskt till tiden be­ stämbara föremål eller monument. Dessa fördela sig emellertid mycket ojämnt. Medan vi äga åt- .skilliga runförsedda föremål eller monument, som kunna dateras lill 200- och 300-talen, och en stor mängd, som 'härröra ifrån tiden ca 400—ca 550, är perioden ca 550—ca 800 mycket svagt företrädd, varemot tiden efter ca 800 åter blir rikare representerad. Länge har man för tiden ca 550—ca 800, inom arkeologien numera ofta kallad Vendeltiden, t. o. m. trott sig helt sakna arkeologiskt dater­ bara runinskrifter. Att just Vendeltiden ifråga om de arkeologiskt daterbara före­ målen eller monumenten utgjort eller ansetts utgöra en lucka har för vår kännedom om språkutvecklingen i Norden varit ytterst ogynnsamt. De runinskrifter, som ligga före ca 550, visa det ur­ nordiska språket, medan de, som ligga efter ca 800, äro avfattade i det senare, litterära språket. Men då man icke hade några arkeo­ logiska hållpunkter, fick inan inpassa runinskrifterna i luckan på ett ungefär, så som man tyckte den språkliga utvecklingen lämp­ ligen kunde ha förlupit. Man satte då gränsen mellan det urnor­ diska och det senare språket till omkring år 800. På senare årtionden har, som bekant, luckan ca 550—ca 800 bör­ jat fyllas. Början gjordes 1917 med Eggjum-stenen ifrån Sogndal Her­ red i Sogn i Norge. De äldre minnas, vilket uppseende upptäckten av denna väckte.
    [Show full text]