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ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIE REGIONAL PARLIAMENT

ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

Szczecin, June 2010

1

Marshall Władysław Husejko – Chairman of the Department responsible for updates to the "Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy up to 2020”

Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy was prepared by the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Marshall’s Office Regional Policy Department staff.

Head of Department: Jacek Baraniecki

Hanna Galewska Katarzyna Kici ńska Dorota Pawłowska Sławomir Doburzy ński Marek Niewiarowski Rafał Niewiarowski Jerzy Ruszała Paweł Szeremet

Experts: Małgorzata Kołodziej-Nowakowska Dariusz Zarzecki

2 Table of contents ——————————————————————————————— TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Basis, scope, execution and mode of updates ...... 5 2. Diagnosis of the socio-ecenomic situation...... 7 Introduction ...... 7 2.1 Environmental Conditions...... 8 2.2. Demography...... 10 2.3. Social capital ...... 13 2.4. Local government...... 17 2.5. Health Care ...... 20 2.6. Culture...... 22 2.7. Education ...... 25 2.8. Labour market ...... 32 2.9 Economy...... 36 2.9.1. Industry...... 39 2.9.2. Trade and services...... 42 3.9.3. Construction ...... 44 2.9.4. Agriculture ...... 47 2.9.5. Forestry...... 50 2.9.6 Tourism ...... 52 2.9.7. Maritime economy ...... 56 2.10. Innovativeness ...... 60 2.11. Science ...... 63 2.12. Information society ...... 65 2.13. Transport ...... 69 2.13.1. Road infrastructure ...... 69 2.13.2. Railway infrastructure ...... 70 2.13.3. Air transport ...... 71 2.13.4. Water transport ...... 72 2.1.4 Energy ...... 74 2.14.1 Generation of electricity and heat...... 74 2.14.2. Gas network...... 75 2.14.3 Renewable energy sources ...... 75 2.15.2. Air pollution ...... 80 2.15.3. Waste...... 80 2.16. Municipal economy...... 82 2.16.1. Water supply ...... 82 2.16.2. Sewage ...... 82 2.16.3. Waste management ...... 83 2.19. Regional balance and the wealth of inhabitants...... 92 2.20. Horizontal Perspectives ...... 96 2.20.1. The Cross-border Dimension ...... 96 2.20.2. International Cooperation...... 97 2.20.3. Metropolitan Dimension and the Role of Conurbation ...... 99 2.20.4. Rural Areas...... 100 2.20.5 Public spaces and revitalization ...... 101 2.21 Synthetic indicator of communes development ...... 104 3. Vision and mission of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship ...... 105 3.1. Key challenges ...... 107

3 Table of contents ——————————————————————————————— 4. Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions...... 108 5. Implementing and monitoring the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy ...... 147 5.1. Instruments used to implement the Strategy ...... 147 5.1.1. Strategies and viovodeship’s programmes...... 147 5.1.2. Regional Operational Programme of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship ...... 148 5.1.3. Long-term Investment Programme ...... 149 5.1.4. Territorial contract...... 150 5.2. Cohesion of Development Strategy of Voivodeship with national strategic documents...... 150 5.3. Strategy and area development plan of the voivodeship...... 152 5.4. Financial sources of the Strategy...... 153 5.5. Institutions responsible for accomplishment of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy...... 154 5.6. Time frames of the Strategy accomplishment ...... 154 5.7 Strategy monitoring...... 155

4 Basis, scope, execution and mode of updates ——————————————————————————————— 1. Basis, scope, execution and mode of updates

The Board of the Voivodeship is responsible for establishing the regional development policy. The basis for its creation constitutes the voivodeship's development strategy - a long term document defining the policy direction and objectives, which are to be achieved within a given time frame. The currently binding Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy up to 2020 together with the environmental impact Forecast was accepted by the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship regional parliament ( ) by Resolution No. XXVI/303/05 of 19 December 2005. The necessity to update to the Strategy stems from the Resolution of 6 December 2006 on the principles of development strategy implementation (consolidated text Dz. U. ( Journal of Laws) No. 84 item 712 of 2009), as well as the permanently changing external and internal conditions for the development of the voivodeship. During the course of implementing the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy (ZVDS), the following actions were carried out: 1) a diagnosis of the current Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship’s socio-economic position 2) 6 strategic objectives have been defined with 36 directional objectives assigned to them; activities describing the methods of implementing the ZVDS, which do not constitute further levels within the structure of its implementation but correspond to individual directional objectives. 3) an implementation indicator has been defined 4) a method for implementation has been prescribed together with the ZVDS financial framework 5) ZVDS notes have been coordinated with the strategic objectives' documents on the national level: National Development Strategy, Cohesion Strategy, National Strategy for Regional Development project and the spatial development plan 6) a revision of the ZVDS environmental impact assessment has been carried out. The Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy revision has been carried out in the following stages: 1) Commencement of strategy revision – resolution no. 105/09 of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Management on commencement of works in order to prepare changes to the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy up to 2020 (29th January 2009), Ordinance no. 12/09 of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Marshall on the appointment of a Department to deal with the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy up to 2020 revision (6 th of February 2009). Voivodeship Marshall Mr Władysław Husejko becomes the head of the aforementioned Department. 2) Drawing up of a diagnosis of the current Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship’s socio- economic position ( from January to February 2009) a) Drawing up of a diagnosis by the Department for revisions in cooperation with the competent departments of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Marshalls Office and external experts b) a questionnaire based survey of the Zachodniopomorskie tertiary government units (from to May 2009) c) workshops on the following subjects: economy and entrepreneurship, spatial planning and environment, society, undertaken in two stages: 1st , 3 rd and 5 th of April and 11 th , 15 th and 18 th of May 2009

5 Basis, scope, execution and mode of updates ——————————————————————————————— 3) Regional Development Management 1 meetings – taking place on the 23 rd of February, 20 th , 24 th and 27 th of April and 23 rd of June 2009 4) Commencement of proceedings in order to carry out an environmental impact strategic evaluation (3 rd of June 2009), the drawing up of a ZVDS Environmental Impact Forecast (July 2009) 5) Acceptance by the Voivodeship Board of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy together with the ZVDS Environmental Impact Forecast and forwarding of these documents for social consultations (August 2009) 6) ZVDS social consultations together with tertiary government units, social and economic partners as well as Joint Government and Local Government Committee (from August 2009 to February 2010) 7) Drawing up of a report on the consultations proceedings and outcomes (February 2010) 8) Acceptance by the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship regional parliament of the information pertaining to the diagnosis of the current Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship’s socio-economic position (16 th February 2010) 9) Acceptance by the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship regional parliament of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy together with the ZVDS Environmental Impact Forecast documents (June 2010) 10) Publication of the resolution on accepting the ZVDS in the voivodeship’s journal of laws (September 2010)

1 Kolegium Rozwoju Regionalnego is a formula for periodic consultations between the Marshall of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship and the representatives regarding the most important aspects of regional development.

6 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation Introduction ——————————————————————————————— 2. Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation Based on the evaluation carried out by experts of the individual aspects of the socio- economic situation a diagnosis of the voivodeship state and a SWOT analysis have been carried out. These constitute the basis for the determination of the objectives defining the frameworks of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development strategy implementation. Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship diagnosis relates to processes and occurrences which took place within its boundaries form 2009. Where it was necessary and possible the diagnosis was supplemented by a forecast. The spatial variability of the occurrences is presented based on statistical data collected according to the administrative partitions as well as according to NUTS 2 tertiary units.

The SWOT analysis constitutes the content of appendix 1. Strategic and directional objectives built on the basis of the diagnosis constitute the executive part of the Strategy.

Introduction

Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship lies in the North-West part of . Its location on the South-West cost of the constitutes a key determinant of its potential and development perspectives. Total length of the voivodeship borders is 873.9 km, whereas the western national border with is 188.9 km, sea coast line is 188.9 km, southern border with the Wielkopolska Voivodeship is 197.4 km, the Lubuskie Voivodeship is 216.9 km and the eastern border with the Pomorskie Voivodeship is 190.9 km. The voivodeship encompasses an area of 22 902 sq. km. (5 th largest in Poland), which constitutes 7.3% of the total area of the . Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship was established on the basis of a national administrative reform, in force since the 1 st of January 1999, by amalgamating the ex voivodeships of , , 1 communes of the Gorzowskie Voivodeship, 5 communes of the Pilskie Voivodeship and 3 communes of the Słupskie Voivodeship. The voivodeship capital is Szczecin, the main administrative economic and cultural centre of the , with 406.9 thousand inhabitants. The other large urban areas are: Koszalin (107.1 thousand inhabitants), Szczeci ński (70.1 thousand inhabitants), Kołobrzeg (44.9 thousand inhabitants), Świnouj ście (40.8 thousand inhabitants) and (38.2 thousand inhabitants).

2 Nomenclature of Tertiary Units for Statistical Purposes (drawn up on the basis of Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics – NUTS) is used in the process of data collection, performing statistical research and publicising it periodically. It divides Poland into territorial, hierarchical, connected units on 5 levels: , voivodeships and sib-regions (on the regional level), and communes (on the local level). The current set of sub-regions on NUTS 3 level is valid until the end of 2008. In the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship 4 sub- regions have been distinguished: Koszali ński (districts: Sławie ński, Koszali ński, Kołobrzeski, Białogardzki, Świdwi ński, Szczecinecki, Drawski, Wałecki, M. Koszalin), Stargardzki (districts: Gryficki, Łobeski, Stargardzki, Choszcze ński, Pyrzycki, My śliborski), Szczeci ński (districts: Kamie ński, Goleniowski, Policki, Gryfi ński, M. Świnouj ście) and the of Szczecin.

7 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 2. Demography ——————————————————————————————————— 2.1 Environmental Conditions The voivodeship is characterised by a higher than the national average percentage of land covered by forests and one of the highest saturation of surface waters. It is also distinguished by a large number and the largest area of lands designated for special protection of birds and their habitats. The voivodeship enjoys a moderate climate, in the coastal belt warm sea climate, whereas inland, warm temporary. It is formed by the proximity of the sea, large inland water reservoirs and extensive forests. The varied landscape was formed by glacial activities and its melt waters, as well as the influence of the Baltic Sea and its winds. Two main geographical lands of the voivodeship are Pobrze Ŝe Południowobałtyckie and Pojezierze Pomorskie. Glacial soils, mostly podsolis and brown soils are predominant in the region. In the proximity of and Stargard Szczeci ński, charnozem can be found and on quite large areas within the voivodeship – peat soils. The region beds of contains natural energy sources (natural gas, oil) and siderite iron ores, limestone, marlite, lake marls, loams, ceramic clays, erinaceous quartz, as well as healing raw materials (peloid peats, thermal waters). Surface waters constitute about 5.2% of the voivodeship area, this percentage is only higher in the Warmi ńsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship. The largest inland water basin of the region is the Zalew Szczeci ński, furthermore numerous lakes create lake districts: Wałeckie, I ńskie, My śliborskie and Choszcze ńskie. There are 172 lakes in the voivodeship, with total area of 50 ha. The largest are: D ąbie, , Drawsko, Wielimie, Bety ń, I ńsko and Wo świn. The most important rivers in the voivodeship are: Odra with its tributaries (My śl, Płonia, ), , and the Pryzmorze rivers: Świniec, Pars ęta (with Radwia) and Wieprz (With ) which flow directly into the Baltic Sea. The mouth of the River by the Baltic Sea (through the Zalew Szczeci ński Delta bounded by the Dźwina, Świna and Piany straights) constitutes a unique hydrological system on a World scale. The water assets of the voivodeship are also supplemented by 11 Main Groundwater Reservoirs, which are also a source of potable water. It has one of Poland’s highest ratios of usable groundwater reserves of 8.9% in comparison with 12% for Mazowieckie Voivodeship and 9.4% for Wielkopolskie Voivodeship.

The voivodeship is characterised by an immense environmental richness and variety and large ratio of forests. In 2008, forests constituted 36.7% of the total area (with the national average of 29.6%), 99.0% of which belong to the State Treasury. The forests predominantly lie in the southern and eastern parts of the voivodeship. Dense forest complexes form primeval forests with particular environmental and economic importance: Goleniowski, Bukowy, Piaskowy, Barlinecki, Wkrza ński and Wałecki (Wałecko-Drawski forests). The Koszali ńsko-Białogradzki and Czułowsko-Szczeci ński forests are also large complexes. The areas with the largest environmental value are formed in belts. The border region is encompassed by the Odra Valley belt. The coastal belt runs along the coastline, latitudinally through the central part of the voivodeship runs the central belt, and along the southern voivodeship border - the southern belt. In order to preserve the unique environmental heritage, the National Park and National Park have been established within the voivodeship, (jointly with the Lubuskie Voivodeship) as well as 7 natural landscape parks, 83 nature reserves and 20 landscape protection areas. In total 21.3% of the voivodeship area is protected by the above mentioned forms of protection. After the Polish accession to the , areas within the borders of the voivodeship have been included in the European Ecological Network Natura 2000. They encompass 19 areas of special protection for birds, which constitute 28%

8 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 2. Demography ——————————————————————————————————— of the voivodeship area and 41 areas of special protection for habitats, encompassing 27% of the area.

Map 1. Natura 2000 areas of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship

source: Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Regional Spatial Economy Office.

Challenges: Ensuring appropriate effectiveness of the activities aimed at preserving the biological variety entails cooperation at the local and voivodeship government level as well as on the international stage. The national border location of the voivodeship determines its share in the transborder projects and enterprises aimed at preserving the biological balance as well as common ecological problem solving both in cooperation with Mecklenburg – Vorpommern and as well as in the Baltic Sea region. The preservation of the balance between natural reserves of the region and their exploitation for development is also a challenge.

9 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 2. Demography ——————————————————————————————————— 2.2. Demography 4.44% of the population of the whole country lives in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship and is in 11 th place with regards to the number of inhabitants which during 2004 – 2008 decreased in the region from 1 694 865 to 1 692 957. The voivodeship is one of the most sparsely populated regions in Poland, with the indicator value of 74 people/sq. km., and nationally is in 13th place with the national average of 122 people/sq. km. In city areas, an average of 848 people per 1 sq. km is observed (including 1 354 people/sq. km in Szczecin, 1 286 people/sq. km in Koszalin, 207 people/sq. km in Świnouj ście). In urban communes population density is 984 people/sq. km, whereas in the least populated communes it is 33 (Drawsko commune) to 36 people/sq. km (Łobez commune). The following communes have the highest populations: city of Szczecin - 406 941 people, Stargardzka - 119 248 people and the city of Koszalin - 107 146 people. In 2008 the following communes had the smallest populations 3: Łobez (38 162) and Pyrzyce (40 002). For every 100 males there are 106 females. The largest number of females per 100 males are observed in Szczecin and Koszalin (111) and Kołobrzeg commune (108), the smallest in Koszalin, and Pyrzyce communes (101). A decrease in the proportion of pre- working age population as to the working and retirement age population persists

Figure 1. Gender and age structure of the voivodeship population in 2008

male female 80+ 13 567 33 424 75-79 16 824 30 232 70-74 21 965 34 892 65-69 24 776 32 170 60-64 41 141 45 711 55-59 64 780 70 546 50-54 70 970 75 010 45-49 59 043 60 288 40-44 50 128 49 563

age groups 35-39 55 514 54 227 30-34 67 281 65 215 25-29 74 424 71 228 20-24 70 782 67 738 15-19 58 385 55 953 10-14 48 153 46 086 5-9 41 172 38 710 0-4 42 532 40 527

-80 000 -60 000 -40 000 -20 000 0 20 000 40 000 60 000 80 000 no. of inhabitants source: own work based on BDR GUS data. Permanent internal and foreign migration for each 1 000 inhabitants in the voivodeship was -0.8, and this indicator was the same for all – 2.1 and 1.9 for . There are 196 411 disabled people, i.e. 11.6% of the total population. The degree of urbanisation for the voivodeship, at 68.8% in 2008 was higher than the indicator for the whole of Poland at 61.1%. Two large cities, Szczecin and Koszalin, congregate 30% of the voivodeship’s population and 44% of its urban population. As much as half the population of the voivodeship lives in cities, and in small cities – 19%. 52 cities

3 .Actual accommodation as of 21 XII

10 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 2. Demography ——————————————————————————————————— (82%) have less than 20 000 inhabitants, out of which 31 have no more than 5 000. Half of the voivodeship’s population lives in 11 of the largest cities, 11, whereas 19% of the population and 28% of the urban inhabitants live in small cities. During 1998 – 2008 almost only the communes lying in the Szczecin and Koszalin agglomerations and around Kołobrzeg have observed an increase in population. A decrease in the population numbers occurred mainly within areas situated outside of urban agglomerations, in the central and southern parts of the voivodeship, where a lack of strong urban centers can be observed (Drawsko, Choszczno, My ślibórz, Pyrzyce, Szczecin and Wałec communes). When it comes to the communes of Złocieniec, Drawno, and Krz ęcin the negative migration balance is combined with a negative population growth.

Figure 2. Summary of percentage share for selected demographic parameters of the voivodeship as compared to the national population totals and other voivodeships in 2008

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 population in the pre-working 19,1% age group

population in the working age 65,9% group

population in the retirement 15,0% age group

population in 68,8% cities

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Voivodeship ranking position source: own work based on BDR GUS data.

The voivodeship maintains positive natural growth. In 2008 it increased to the level of 1.1 and exceeded the national value of 0.9 which puts the voivodeship in 9 th place. The predicted lifespan for a newborn baby was 79.6 years for females (11th place in the country) and 70.6 years for males (11th place in the country). When it comes to the expected life spans for people aged 60 the region is in 11th place and 12th place for females and males respectively. A worrying factor is the small number of people in the pre-working age group. The numbers of people reaching the working age are smaller than the numbers of people reaching the retirement age. The population prognosis 4 for the voivodeship for the coming years indicated a systematic decrease up to the year 2010 (1 691.5 thousand people) through 1 686.9 in 2015 up to 1 676 thousand people in 2020. The proportion of females in the population in 2015 will increase slightly to 106.3. Proportion of inhabitants living in cities in the coming years will decrease to 67.9% in 2015. The working age population (15-64 years old) as a percentage of the total population of the region will increase to reach 70.0% in 2015. A decrease in the natural growth ratio is predicted of (-0.3) per 1 000 inhabitants in 2015. The demographic processes do not yield directly to administrative actions especially that the instruments of such policies are solely at the disposal of the national government.

4 Warszawa 2009 Based on GUS publication „Population prognosis for 2008 – 2035” Warszawa 2009

11 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 2. Demography ——————————————————————————————————— During recent years, as an answer to the increasing percentage of pre-working age population, local governments in the voivodeship invested funds mainly into educational and sports infrastructure for children and teenagers.

Challenges: The current demographic structure, which is favourable as seen in the backdrop of the whole country, within the next 10 years, will deteriorate significantly. Proportionally more than in other regions, the numbers of people in the retirement age group will increase and the demographic dependency ratio will increase. This will cause an increase in the costs of public services for the retirement age group, including those financed by the local governments and the deterioration of the competitiveness of the region. To counteract the negative effects of this occurrence, it will be necessary to socially activate the older population and the extension of the working age as well as a development of the social infrastructure geared for the needs of the older. It will also be necessary to professionally activate females and the disabled. Social re-activation and a return to the job market by population groups currently excluded will not be possible without support for the families, an increase in the involvement of males in looking after dependants, both children and the elderly. The settlement structure in the voivodeship is determined by the lesser quality of services availability inhabitants for central and southern parts of the voivodeship. This translates to a lower living standard and in particular lower housing standards, higher unemployment rate, lower education levels and negative population growth. For the sustainable development of the region, support for these areas is imperative, and in particular through better communication with larger urban hubs and the development of public services (housing, health, education). The increasing mobility of people active professionally may cause an increasing deterioration of family ties and an increasing isolation of the elderly. This process can already be observed in rural areas, with a negative migration balance.

12 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 3. Social Capital ——————————————————————————————————— 2.3. Social capital The voivodeship is characterized by a noticeably low, as compared to the rest of the country, social and public activity and at the same time a high level of social benefits. Voting frequency rarely exceeds 50%. In the parliamentary elections in 2005 it was 37.23% (national figure: 40.57%), two years later on 51.86% (national figure: 53.88%). In the local elections for the Voivodeship’s Regional Assembly (Sejmik) in 2006 the frequency was 45.57%. There are about 6 900 non-government organization operating in the region 5. The structures of The Volunteer Fire Brigade with 18 466 members are most developed. Furthermore the potential of the third sector in the region includes the structures of social organizations (parents committees, hunting clubs and social committees), trade unions, self regulating trade and labour organizations as well as employers' groups and political parties. For each 10 000 inhabitants of the voivodeship, there are 18 active non-government organisations, a similar number exists in other regions. The area of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship almost completely overlaps with the reach of the Szczeci ńsko-Kamie ńska archdiocese and the Koszali ńsko-Kołobrzeska diocese. There are 488 active parishes in the area with 1 243 clergymen. People of the Roman-catholic faith constitute 94% of the Szczeci ńsko-Kamie ńska archdioceses population and 92.3% of the Koszali ńsko-Kołobrzeska archdioceses. There are also, amongst others, 14 Orthodox parishes, 14 Pentecostal congregations, 12 Greek Catholic parishes, 1 parish and three missions of the Lutheran Church. One of the manifestations of the social capital are the activities within the fields of sport and physical education. The region also boasts achievements and traditions in sailing, rowing, swimming and track cycling. Clubs and competitors from the voivodeship, ranging across a number of disciplines participate in competitions at the highest level. Within the whole of the voivodeship in 603 clubs and 203 regular training sessions, in all age categories, 43 512 individuals are in training. The considerable majority of the competitors participate in football (17 452) as well as track and field sports (3 927) and volleyball (3 887) 6. The sports branding of the region is also emphasised by periodic events of international status, including a tennis tournament and an athletics meeting in Szczecin. A development of sports fields and halls, swimming pools and other sport oriented structures has been taking place for a number of years, within the scope of the “Moje Boisko – Orlik 2012” (“My Playing Field – Orlik 2012”) programme. Considering the relatively low number of inhabitants (11 th place in the country), Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is distinguished by a large number of social benefits beneficiaries (6 th place). An indicator of the number of people receiving social benefits, as a proportion of 10 000 people did drop from 2004, when it was 832.2, to 656.9 in 2008, but it is still above the national average of 551.3 people in 2008. Social benefits are available from 19 commune centres and two urban assistance centers as well as by 112 social benefits centers. For the needs within this area, the demographic, social and cultural situation, residents’ health condition and the economic development degree are very influential. The most common reasons for receiving social benefits are: unemployment, poverty, disability, long term or serious illness as well as helplessness with regards to education and care. These causes, most often occur all at once in a given family. In 2008, over 75 thousand families received social benefits (including 32 thousand in rural areas), and the number of people in these families amounted to 210 thousand, which constituted 12.4% of the total voivodeship population. In excess of thirty per cent of homesteads making use of social benefits are recorded in the

5 According to Klon/Jawor association 6 2006 GUS data

13 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 3. Social Capital ——————————————————————————————————— Drawski, Szczecinecki and Świdwi ńska communes, whereas the lowest in Szczecin as well as the communes of Police and Świnouj ście. It is estimated that the number of people making use of social benefits will decrease, however the number of people receiving help due to unemployment will increase. Due to the economic recession, a consequence of which is an increasing unemployment rate and the return of the voivodeship inhabitants from economic migration back to the country, it should be expected that the number of people requiring assistance will increase. The level of public safety in the region is quite varied. There has been a noticeable increase in the detection rate of the perpetrators who committed crimes, however it is still one of the lowest in the country. The detection rate increased from 50.4% in 2004 to 66.3% in 2008 and 68.6% in 2009. The majority of crimes are linked with theft, however their detection rate has been the lowest, in particular car theft. An increasing number of drink driving offences has been noticed, including those underage. Indicators depicting the crime rates oscillate between 404.8 confirmed crimes per 10 000 inhabitants in Szczecin and 399.3 in the Drawsko commune to 244.9 in the commune and 244.8 in the Szczecinecki commune. The detectability of offenders is highest in the Drawski commune, and the lowest in Szczecin, which is a consequence of the specifics of a large city and personnel shortages within the police. The low level of social capital in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is reflected by the highest percentage of divorces in the country.

Figure 3. Percentage of couples divorcing amongst the professionally active population in the country during 2004 - 2008

1,6% zachodniopomorskie lubuskie 1,4% śląskie dolno śląskie 1,2% pomorskie warmi ńsko-mazurskie 1,0% kujawsko-pomorskie opolskie 0,8% wielkopolskie Polska 0,6% mazowieckie podlaskie 0,4% małopolskie łódzkie 0,2% podkarpackie świ ętokrzyskie 0,0% lubelskie 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 source: own work based on BDR GUS data.

Other indicators depicting the social condition of the voivodeship are also unfavorable. According to research conducted periodically as part of the "Social Diagnosis" 7 it is in pole position in most of the reports regarding self-destructive behaviors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, drug taking as well as experimenting with crime.

7 2009 Czapi ński J., Panek T. (edit.) Social diagnosis 2009,

14 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 3. Social Capital ——————————————————————————————————— Figure 4. A summary of the selected parameters connected with self-destructive behaviours in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in the backdrop of other voivodeships in 2009

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516

Number of smokers 32,90%

People over 16 years old who admit to drunk too much alcohol the previous 8,28% year

People over 16 years old who turn to alcohol in difficult life situations 6,50%

Theft victims 4,60%

Stopped by the police 3,80%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Voivodeship ranking position source: own work based on the “Social Diagnosis 2009 Conditions and quality of life for ” a report drawn up by the Council of Social Monitoring.

Social policies undertaken in the voivodeship are intended to help those inhabitants, whom due to a difficult situation are not able to, independently, fulfill their basic needs and thus are unable to participate, or only play a limited role in the family, professional and social life. Problem areas requiring intervention and implementation of social policy instruments are: long term unemployment, family crises, addictions, limited access of disabled people to the job market and social life as well as an ageing population. The answers to these problems lay in specific programmes, intended amongst others to counteract social exclusions, activation of older people, early diagnosis and rehabilitation of disabilities, undertaken to a large extent by non-government organisations. Commune family assistance centres as well as social benefit centres implement active forms of counteracting social exclusion which includes: social contracts, useful community schemes and breaking out of homelessness programmes. Institutions also organise clubs and social integration centres, are active in order to develop social economy, e.g. social associations. Other forms of counteracting social exclusion mainly constitute activities within the scope of Labour Clubs, voluntary work and programmes aimed at preparing children form children’s homes for independent life. Activities aimed at counteracting the negative effects of using psycho active substances are also implemented. Support is given for the development and improving accessibility for therapeutic services for addicts and co-addicts, through funding and improving the work of permanent withdrawal treatment centres, improving the quality of therapy and the qualifications of staff. Local and national government administration and representatives of various professional and local environments cooperate within the fields of solving addiction problems, violence prevention as well as implementing preventative programmes, promoting healthy, sober life style and alternative standpoints when it comes to addictions.

15 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 3. Social Capital ———————————————————————————————————

Challenges: Programmes undertaken within the scope of social policy require supplementing by investment programmes. They should assume the development of social infrastructure, such as modernisation of care and education centres, i.e. children's homes, minor’s social therapy day centres particularly in rural areas; professional activity centres for disabled people as well as other forms of support connected with the social economy sector such as: social integration clubs and centres, social cooperative societies etc. Areas requiring effective intervention: employment, activation and social intervention as well as the development of various support vehicles, particularly in rural areas. Equally important is the improvement of social welfare staff by improving their qualifications and specialist advice. Social contracts will aid problem solving, including individual programmes for active integration, local activities, a series of actions aimed at social and professional activation for people in danger of social exclusion, including the creation of professional activity centres, promotion of voluntary work and after school teenager’s social integration activities, in particular day centres with a socio-therapeutic programmes, psychological, psychosocial and vocational counselling as well as new methods for individual and global support. Activities aimed at improving the public and social activities of the voivodeship inhabitants should not be forgotten, in particular through participation in elections. Enterprises aimed at the formation of civic attitude and the development of inter-personal relationships should also go a long way towards reducing crime rates and increasing the safety of the region’s inhabitants. In rural areas, the effective cooperation between public, social and economic partners has a large chance of success within the scope of local action groups.

16 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 4. Local government ——————————————————————————————————— 2.4. Local government The voivodeship government implements public tasks of a voivodeship character, including, amongst others in the area of public education, health care, culture, social benefits, modernization of rural areas, environmental protection, water management and public roads. One of the more important tasks of the voivodeship government is the participation in the procedures of European Union funds allocation, mainly within the scope of regional Operational Programme, Rural Areas Development Programme and Human Capital Operational Programme. The tertiary government of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship consists of 21 districts (including 3 - Szczecin, Koszalin and Świnouj ście - as well as 18 rural districts) and 114 communes (including 12 urban communes, 50 mixed, urban and rural communes and 52 rural communes). The voivodeship assembly, being the organ constituting and controlling the voivodeship management, is made up of 30 members chosen by direct elections. The regional policy is implemented based on the voivodeship budget. Total amount of voivodeship budget incomes in 2008 was PLN 541 060 937 and voivodeship budget expenditures were PLN 536 042 557.

Figure 5. Voivodeship budget – actual 2008 Figure 6. Voivodeship budget – actual 2008 expenses expenses structure structure according to type of activity

1% 0% 2% 3% 6% 5% 8%

28% 10%

10% 38%

12% 10%

12% 11% 28% 16% transport and communications incomes from the activities of units social policy and entrepreneurship development other incomes culture, sport and tourism funding for internal activities health care and social benefits funds from foreign sources (including EU) administration and public safety development funding agriculture and environment protection funding for commissioned tasks

share in the national budget taxes schooling and education, social care

general subsidy housing management and spatial planning, geology and geodesy reserve and finances source: data from the Department of Finance and Budget of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Marshall’s Office.

17 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 4. Local government ———————————————————————————————————

Amongst the municipal districts, whose budget encompasses also commune activities, there is a clear disproportion between Świnouj ście, where the incomes and expenditures oscillated around 5 thousand PLN per capita and the districts of Koszalin and Szczecin (around 3 thousand PLN per capita) Amongst the rural districts, only the Białogardzki, Świdwi ński and Stargardzki, in both the incomes and expenditures achieved the level of 1 thousand PLN per capita in 2008.

Figure 7. Incomes and expenditures per capita in the districts’ and voivodeship budgets in 2008

6 000 incomes per 1 inhabitant expenditures per 1 inhabitant 5 000

4 000

3 000 PLN

2 000

1 000

0

e i i i i n i ski lin zki ski ski ski ski sk cki ń cki zki ski ski a ci cie rd w ze i ń ń i ń łe zy d eski wsk fi ń ń ś a r a ar b o y ie polick uj ga dr b wie w gryficki liborski yr rg ło r m zcze ło ło szal a ś p a g Kosz S ino a sł świdw szcze ka w iopomorsk bi ko ko my st goleni Ś n szczecineck cho

achod z source: own work based on BDR GUS data.

Average per capita incomes of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship communes (excluding district cities) in 2008 were at a level of 2 724.6 PLN. In half of the communes the incomes oscillated around the 2.5 thousand PLN figure, and only in one or two approached the 5 thousand figure. The level of the voivodeship budget per one inhabitant in 2008 was 319.60 PLN, whereas expenditures were 316.63 PLN. The average national percentile of tax incomes of the voivodeship form income taxes (private and corporate) as part the total incomes during 2004- 2008 decreased from an amount close to 95% to 76.3%. In the voivodeship, the analogous decrease was even larger and approached 30.3 percentage points. The majority of investment expenditures are borne by the communes. At the same time an increase in the participation in these expenditures by the voivodeship and the districts is noticeable.

18 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 4. Local government ——————————————————————————————————— Figure 8. Proportions of investment expenditures of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship tertiary government units 2000 and 2008 (as %)

Communes Mnpp Districts Voivodeship Board

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000 2008 source: “Report on the influence of the global recession on the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship socio- economic position and its consequences for the tasks of the voivodeship management” University of Szczecin. Szczecin. April 2009.

In 2008 a slight decrease in the dynamics in the upward trend of the actual expenditures for all of the tertiary government units in the voivodeship (excluding the districts). Adopting the assumption of a certain similarity in the occurrence of incomes attained by the tertiary government units during the periods of slower economic growth and by analyzing the occurrence of actual incomes in the previous economic slowdown period during the period 2001 – 2003 in can be assumed that a significant decrease in these incomes will be observed in 2010 and 2011. Within the voivodeship government administration in 2008 nearly 12 thousand people were employees, which constituted 5.4% of local government assets in the whole of the country and places the region in 10th place.

19 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 5. Health Care ——————————————————————————————————— 2.5. Health Care The Heath Care system of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is composed of varied and complex structures of public and non-public entities providing health services relating to the primary health care, specialist outpatient medical care, hospital treatment and emergency medical services. There were 37 outpatient hospitals and 17 long-term care facilities operating in the Voivodeship at the end of 2008. The Voivodeship Government is the proprietor of 15 health care centres including 1 emergency station, 3 specialist outpatient clinics and 11 hospital units. 8 specialist hospitals, 1 spa hospital, 1 drug abuse clinic and 1 health and curative institution. The number of doctors, dentists, nurses and community midwifes decreased during 2004 to 2008. The indicator per 10000 inhabitants decreased for doctors from 25.4 to 20.6 and became equal to the national average, for dentists the indicator decreased from 5.4 to 4.2 and exceeds the national average (3.4), for nurses from 44.5 to 42.4 and is lower than national average (47.9) and for midwifes from 5.0 to 5.1 and is also lower than national average (5.6). The primary health care services in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship was rendered by 947 doctors (average 5.6 per 10000 inhabitants) and 1406 nurses and midwifes (on the average 8.3 per 10000 inhabitants, with the country value of 8.0) in 2008. The highest indicator of doctors of the primary health care services was noted In the Białogard district (8.1), in Świnouj ście city (6.6) and in Szczecin and Gryfino district (6.5), the west in the Koszalin (2.9) and Wałcz (3.1) districts. Specialist outpatient care In the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship operates mainly on the basis of diagnostic and treatment resources of specialist health care centres and hospitals. Sole medical practitioners have greater share in providing specialist outpatient medical services. The total number of public and non public specialist outpatient clinics amounts to 1 213 in the voivodeship. There is a clear discrepancy between the indicator of the number of hospital beds in hospitals per 10000 inhabitants. Szczecin (81.5 beds), Koszalin (43.4) and (74.2) and Choszczno districts (67.1) were in the most advantageous situation in 2008, the most difficult situation was observed in Gryfino (10.3), Łobesko and in Kamieniec districts (16.0). The value of the hospital beds indicator in general hospitals per 10 000 inhabitants of 44.2 in 2008 placed the region in 7 th place in the country. Medical rescue service operates by means of 7 ambulance stations which are substantially differentiated regarding resources and the area of operation in the voivodeship. The largest of the stations is the Regional Ambulance Station in Szczecin which encompasses 15 districts. All stations have 80 medical rescue teams at their disposal including 38 specialist and 42 primary medical rescue teams. One rescue team services 21 thousand inhabitants on average, however in the indicator amounts to 33 thousand inhabitants and in Kamieniec district less than 12 thousand. The Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship belongs to the group of regions with the greatest numbers of spas and spa hospitals which are localised mainly at the seaside (52 facilities with 9422 beds available). The greatest numbers of patients from Poland and from abroad are received in Świnouj ście, Kamie ń Pomorski and Połczyn Zdrój and also in Kołobrzeg which is the largest Polish resort. The region is placed as the first in Poland hosting 22.45% of all spa hospitals patients. The newborns fatality indicator per 1000 births amounted to 7.8 in the Voivodeship (6.8 in Poland) which placed the Voivodeship 12th place in Poland in 2004. There had been substantial improvement in the region up till 2008. The indicator in the Zachodniopomorskie amounted to 5.1 (5.6 in Poland) which placed the Voivodeship 5th. The percentage of births with low birth weight in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship exceeds the national indicator (6.1) and amounts 7.0. The lifespan of the region’s inhabitants lengthens gradually and is 70.6 for men and 79.6 for women. The main causes of deceases are cancers and cardiovascular and

20 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 5. Health Care ——————————————————————————————————— respiratory system diseases. The number of patients being treated in the outpatient health care centre, health and curative institution as well as nursing and curative clinics increases. The number of patients of hospitals and children in care of social care facilities is also growing. The queue of people waiting for admission to the Day Care Center grew from 102 persons in 2005 to 274 in 2008. Adjusting activities are carried out to comply with the binding provisions of law especially in relation to the modernisation of infrastructure and equipment of the health care facilities. The financial needs of the facilities in the latter matter are enormous. For many years so far, the Voivodeship government has financed the ventures which could not be carried out by the Heath care centres by themselves by greatly contributing to the improvement of the quality of rendered medical services. As far as the Regional Operational Programme 2007-2013 there are 5 investments qualified in the area of Heath care with the trans-regional importance. The Voivodeship local-government appointed a total of 888.1 thousand PLN for the programmes of heath prevention and by large for prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases as well as HIV and AIDS since 2004.

Challenges: In the nearest future the system of Heath care will be shaped by the following factors: developing ageing tendency of the society and demographic indicators, increase of contracting and mortality because of the ageing diseases, the forecast increase in the shortage of medical specialists, systematic fluctuations in the number and structure of hospital beds, insufficient number of places for hospital and psychiatric treatment, the level of heath care services financing, transformations and commercialising the facilities. The most important challenge becomes the improvement of society health condition expressed by the lengthened lifespan indicators and decreasing the distance between Poland and the developer of the European Union In the area of Heath care. Long term hospital and palliative care requires special attention. The growing population of elder people and the people acquiring chronic diseases will require better access to specialist services and benefits. The necessity to lower mortality and fatality caused by metastasizing cancer, cardiovascular diseases, injuries and accidents and newborn mortality. Health care should be adjusted to the dynamics of longterm demographic and epidemiologic trends. Financing the Health care services and allocation of resources should be based on the same rule of optimal quality. The indispensable development of education and personal improvement of medical personnel, including maintenance of equal and systematically expanded intake for doctor specialisations. It is necessary to introduce modern diagnostic and treatment Technologies, continuous renewal of equipment and premises renewal and implementing modernisation improving sanitary conditions of hospital wards. Equal Access to medical emergency services soul be provided and steps should be taken to maintain the advantageous conditions which allow for continua spa treatment. The increase of efficiency of the engaged resources will result in reduction of the number of the facilities in the future. The programmes realised by the local government of the Voivodeship are of character of long term investments process In the Heath of inhabitants. The most substantial effects are increasing social engagement, increasing the level of knowledge and first of all increasing the number of competent performers of the preventive activities and the number of available programmes in this field.

21 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 6. Culture ——————————————————————————————————— 2.6. Culture The main cultural centres of the Voivodeship are Szczecin and Koszalin with the seat of almost all theatres, music halls and most of the museums. The saturation and the condition of the cultural institutions in the region are very differentiated. The shortages are visible predominantly in the rural areas, far from the large cities. In the smaller , apart from the difficulties with the access to the cultural institutions a low culture related awareness of the inhabitants and the lack of habitual participation in cultural life can be noticed. The low level of cultural potential is also contributed to by poor condition of the infrastructure and insufficient number of initiatives taken up the inhabitants or the local animators of culture. A library is often the main centre of culture in the rural area and the community centres or cultural facilities, where its basic function is to enable the inhabitants to take part in various forms of culture in small towns and villages, do not meet all the existing needs. There are 427 facilities and community centres, clubs and youth centres, in the region, as well as 482 libraries and library services points including 324 in the country. The readers from the rural areas constitute only 20% of the total number of readers. The worrying phenomenon is the dropping number of readers and book renting. The average number of books an inhabitant of the Voivodeship rents a year is 18 books (in the whole country it is 22). The number of readers per 1000 inhabitants dropped from the value of 195 in 2004 to 167 people in 2008. The level of computerisation of the district libraries is low. There are 6 drama theatres, 1 puppet theatre, 1 music theatre and 2 music halls which have in total 961 seats in the audiences. There were 1 999 performances and concerts which were seen by over 477 000 spectators, in 2008. The number of spectators and listeners of theatres and music institutions per 1 000 inhabitants amounted to the value of 282 persons per one performance or a concert. There are 22 museums operating in the area of the Voivodeship including among others: 11 regional, 5 historical, 2 natural museums the museums were visited by 360 000 people and 30% of them were organised parties of local youth in 2008. Among 15 galleries presenting the modern art there are 8 which belong to the public sector. The number of visitors of the exhibitions amounted to a total of 86 000 people. The European Museum Nights organised since 2005 are becoming increasingly popular and are more and more frequented. The network of cinemas includes 24 facilities and 36 projection halls where 19 and 31 are in cities correspondingly. The indicator of the cinema spectators per 1000 inhabitants amounts to 819 people. The Voivodeship is placed 10th regarding the number of spectators and listeners in theatres and music institutions and 8th considering the number spectators in cinemas. Attendance at cinemas is close to the national average. The multitude of cultural heritage is composed of the historical premises situated in the whole region. Among them the following are of special importance: • monumental sacral architecture: - Cathedral complex in Kamie ń Podolski - Former chapel of Knights Templar in Chwarszczany - ST. Mary’s church in Stargard Szczeci ński - Former Cistercian complex in Kołbacz - St. John Church in Szczecin • Sacral facilities in the country: - Church in Dzisna Przybiernów commune - Church in Ciekarnice commune - Church in Ostre Bardo Połczyn Zdrój commune - Church in Mory ń

22 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 6. Culture ——————————————————————————————————— - Church in Brzesk, Pyrzyce commune • Mansion facilities: - Ksi ąŜą t Pomorskich Castle in Szczecin - Manor house in Świerzno - Castle in Kr ąg, Polanów commune - Palace in P ęzin, Stargard Szczeci ński commune - Castle in Tuczno • urban complexes: - Old complex in Darłowo - Old town complex in Trzebiatów - Complex of Wały Chrobrego in Szczecin - Complex of city walls together with post Augustine and St. Mary’s church with city Hall in Chojno • Public utility facilities: - Town Hall in - Town Hall (museum at present) in Stargard Szczeciński - Town Hall in Trzci ńsko - Zdrój - Railway stadium in Białogard • Historic green areas - Main cemetery In Szczecin - Park in Przelewice The variety of the historic facilities in the region also includes the residential buildings, with the characteristic post and beam housings, city walls, landscape structures, manor parks and farm houses as well as former military buildings. Technical condition of many of the buildings requires them to be renovated The cultural attractions of the larger cities of the Voivodeship are rich and varied. Apart from the state institutions there are numerous organisations and associations operating in the area which undertake ventures of the regional and national scale. Regional artists work, cooperation, dialog and cultural variety are supported. The number and variety of events and happenings enable wide audiences to participate in them. There is the necessity of enhancing the offer and improving the access to culture for inhabitants, as well as tourists visiting the voivodeship, mainly from Germany. The biggest and the most well known cultural events taking place in the Voivodeship are among others, organ festivals in and Kamie ń Pomorski, Świnouj ście, Koszalin and Szczecin, I ńsk Summer Film Festival In I ńsk, International Meeting of youth Theatre ‘OKNO’, Polish Review of Small Forms Theatres ‘Kontrapunkt’, Competition of Tenors, Spring Guitar Concerts, Requiem on the Main Cemetery, Street Artists Festival, Polish Ballet Competition, Szczecin Music Fest and Days of the Sea In Szczecin, Art. Festival of University Youth ‘FAMA’ and International Festival of Sea Songs ‘Wiatrak’ In Świnouj ście, Jacek Kaczmarski Festival of Poetic Songs ‘Nadzieja’ In Kołobrzeg, International Festival of Choir Songs and International Festival of Stars In Mi ędzyzdroje, Festival In Wolin, Folk, Blues & Country Festival in Sułomino, Festival of Film Debuts ‘ Młodzi i Film’, European Film Festival ‘Integracja Ty i ja’ and Word Festival of Polonia Choirs in Koszalin.

23 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 6. Culture ——————————————————————————————————— Challenges: The main objective in the area of culture and protection of its assets is an intellectual and civilisation development of Zachodniopomorskie society as well as systematic increase of cultural potential of the region. It assumes wide and close cooperation of the local governments and non-governmental organisations dealing with animation of cultural life of small towns and rural areas. Their involvement in spreading culture and encouraging participation in the cultural life is predominantly necessary in the area far from agglomerations and thus endangered with social exclusion. The model of participating of society in culture life gradually undergoes changes. The Internet, as the channel of circulation of art pieces and information will be playing greater role in this matter.

24 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 7. Education ——————————————————————————————————— 2.7. Education The structure of education system and the educational profile of inhabitants are derived from the demographic processes and cultural and economic changes in the region. The consequence is the necessity of continuous modernising of the education system and that poses great financial challenges to all levels of the Voivodeship local-government. The accessibility of pre-school education is not sufficient in the region. There are 260 preschool facilities operating in the Voivodeship (225 in cities and 40 in the rural areas) and 358 preschool departments at primary schools. The decreasing number of preschool facilities is accompanied by the increasing number of children attending the preschool departments. Until 2000 27 facilities were closed down and the number of children in preschool facilities increased by 3.7 thousand. Using preschool departments has marginal importance. Only 0.74% of children in the preschool age attend 15 of preschool departments localised in 10 districts of the voivodeship. 92% of the six-years-old children in the Voivodeship are involved in the compulsory preschool preparation: 7 239 in preschool facilities and 7 033 in preschool departments at primary schools. Among 3-5 year old children 44.93% attend a preschool facility as opposed to 49.26% of total in Poland. The indicator of preschool care involvement in various forms (preschool facility, preschool departments at primary schools, groups of preschool education and preschool points) per 1000 people at the age of 3-5 in the Voivodeship amounts to 474. There are less than 30% children in preschool age attend in Gryfice, Łobsk, Pyrzyce, Świdwin, Koszalin and Sławno districts. Map 2. The share of children in preschool facilities as the total number of children of 3 – 5 years of age in 2008

source: Own work on the basis of BDR GUS data.

25 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 7. Education ——————————————————————————————————— The decrease in the population in the school age group is related to the gradual decrease in the number of pupils on particular levels of education. The situation forces different way of taking up reorganising action in the education facilities. The indicators of widespread of providing education on the primary and gymnasium levels belong to the highest in Poland and they are quite varied within the voivodeship. The factors which influence the indicator are the accessibility of school (predominantly in the rural area) conditions of teaching, equipment and technical condition of the facilities and material situation of pupils. Indicators of educational gross 8 on the level of primary school amounted to 100.83% in 2004 and 97.52% in 2008, on the gymnasium level - 103.13% in 2004 and 101.97% in 2008. There are 32 schools operating in the Voivodeship and art facilities of primary and secondary school level. They are mainly music schools located both in large cities, in Szczecin, Koszalin, Świnouj ście and in Stargard as well as in smaller towns such as Białogard Gryfice My ślibórz and Choszczno. 19421 students of the last grade of gimnasium sat the gimnasium examination in the region in 2009. The average result of the examination in the public schools was 56.03 and in non-public schools 65.29. The difference in the part of humanities subjects was about 3 points and in the science subjects part was about 6 points in favour of the non-public schools. The students from large cities deal with the exams the best, the weakest results in the gimansum students of schools who acquired an average of 52.93 points against the average 60.96 points of their peers from the cities (over 100 thousand inhabitants). The students from the in the rural areas acquired less than half the possible points in the mathematical part of the exam (23.19 out of 50), in the humanities subjects 29.74 points. The students of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship acquired the lowest results in the district in 2009. In the particular part of the examination the results were lower than the average for the region and only in the humanities subjects part they were better than the results of students of Wielkopolskie Voivodeship.

Figure 9. The results of gimnasium examinations in points in the voivodeships in the region in 2009

Humanities Mathematics and natural sciences Whole examination

60

50

40

30 56,22 56,7 56,43 56,53

points 20 31,17 31,04 31,28 31,12 25,05 25,65 25,13 25,41 10

0 Zachodniopomorskie Wielkopolskie Lubuskie Okr ęg source: Own work on the basis of OKE Pozna ń.

8 Gross scolarisation indicator is the relation of the number of people in education (at the beginning of the academic year) at a given level of education (regardless of age) to the number of people (as of 31 XII) in an age group defined as corresponding to that educational level.

26 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 7. Education ——————————————————————————————————— In 10 districts of the voivodeship, including Szczecin the results of the humanities subject part were lower than the Voivodeship average, whereas in the 11 districts the exceeded the average for a region and for the whole country. The best results were attained by the students in districts Łobesko, Kamie ń Pomorski and in the city Koszalin, the worst results had the students in districts Wałcz, Białogard and Koszalin. In the mathematic and nature part of the examination the Zachodniopomorskie gimnasium students achieved average of 25.05. It was the lowest result in Poland. The better results than the Voivodeship average were achieved by students in Koszalin (the best result in this part of examination in the whole voivodeship), Szczecin and Świdwin and Kołobrzeg districts. The results of gimnasium students from Koszalin, Szczecin and Świdwin district were also higher than the average for the region and the whole country. The least points were achieved by the students in Gryfino, Wałcz and Choszczno districts The high schools are still more popular than the remaining types of secondary, post- gymnasium schools. The indicator of scolarisation gross for high schools was almost 59% in 2008, for vocational schools and vocation related schools it was 37.01%, and for Basic Vocational School was abort 16%. It can be noticed that the increase in popularity of the Basic vocational schools which give qualification towards a specific profession and faculty in demand not only in the region but also in the open labour market of the EU countries. Dramatic decrease of the number of specialised secondary school which provides only general vocational knowledge is characteristic for the whole country.

Figure 10. The number of upper secondary school students in 2005-2008 in the Voivodeship

35000 High School 30000

25000 Technical colleges, including supplementary techniques and general arts schools providing 20000 vocational education Secondary School Thousands 15000

10000 Fundamental vocational school

5000 High School with a specific profile 0 2005/2006 2006/2007 2007/2008 2008/2009 source: Own work on the basis of GUS data.

The system of vocational education in the Voivodeship consists of 70 basic vocational schools, 139 technical high schools (together with the technical high schools and art high schools providing vocational qualifications) 41 specialised high schools and 143 postsecondary schools. Out of 7 670 people sitting the examination of professional preparation for the first time in 2008 only 4 092 people passed the examination. The diploma was awarded to 53.35% of students with the average for the region which was 53.94%. The higher results of the exams in all types of vocational schools were achieved by the students who were educated in cities over 100 000 inhabitants. The Diploma was granted to only 25% of students of technical high schools located in the country and almost 35% of the people who was passing the examination in the postsecondary schools in cities up to 20 thousand inhabitants.

27 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 7. Education ——————————————————————————————————— Figure 11. Pass rate of vocational examinations in districts of the Voivodeship in comparison to the region in 2008 70,0 District value 60,0 - 53,94 50,0

40,0

30,0

Percentage 20,0

10,0

0,0

i i i i i i i i i i ki k k k k k k e in zki ski cie c ski sk s s s sk cki d ń ś e ń ń yck ń ń e ń eski i ficki ski e j n łec orsk rdz z z b ws u czec szalin z u i a r r o o pol z drawskio gar c o c wa lib mie y ł gry S K o z n idwi ś a p gryfi łob awie opolskie lub ł s w k ł leni k ia wi cze ś starg koszali o s b ho Ś z my k go iel c s w

zachodniopomorskie source: Own work on the basis of OKE Pozna ń data.

The structure of specialisation of the graduates of the basic vocational schools mainly can be found cooks, shop assistants, mechanics and car electro-mechanics, locksmiths, carpenters, electricians, fitters. Among the graduates of the secondary vocational schools and postsecondary schools technicians of catering technology, beauty services technicians, mechanics, economists, and tradesmen prevail. The vast group is constituted by the graduates of professions related to administration, tourism, hotel management and organising catering services. The graduates of vocational schools, predominantly shop assistants, technician’s economists, cooks, catering and household technicians, mechanics, technicians and builders are the majority of people registered as unemployed in the voivodeship. Zachodniopomorskie market does not generate the graduates of the professions sufficient number of stable work places and at the same time they are the most popular faculties taught in vocational schools. The areas and sectors of the largest development and employment potential in which workplaces will be generated are heath care and social services, environment protection, computer science, telecommunications, information technologies, advanced services and financial operations, production and services, as well as tourism, education and culture. The maturity examination was passed by 79.4% of the Zachodniopomorskie undergraduates in 2009 competing to the value of 78.7% for the whole region. The subjects students of the region most often chose to pass were civic studies, geography and biology. The maturity examination undergraduates in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship achieved the highest results in mathematical and nature related subjects both on the basic and extended level as well. The humanities are selected by more than half students passing maturity exams. About more than ¼ of the students decide to pass physics, biology and chemistry and they are students usually achieving the best results on the maturity examination.

28 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 7. Education ——————————————————————————————————— Figure 12. The results in points of the maturity examination of humanities, mathematical and science subjects at the basic level in 2009

Zachodniopomorskie Wielkopolskie Lubuskie 70

60 50 40 64,5 30 59,2 62,7 points 55,7 55,8 54,1 51,7 51,8 51 50,6 49,5 49,6 53,5 53,4 45,8 45,7 45,2 49 48,2 20 43,7 43,9 40,2 43,8 44,3 10 0

y s y ge hy e a p tor di is u olog gra H t ngu o s Bi ronomy e l ia Chemistry thematics h La G ast a s M Soc nd a Poli l ca Physi source: Own work on the basis of OKE Pozna ń data.

The highest score of the maturity examination had the students of high schools, worse the students of specialised secondary school and complementary schools. In six districts of the Voivodeship the level of passing the exams exceeded the Voivodeship average and in case of seven the level exceeded the regional one. In the Koszalin district passing was the lowest: only less than half the students passed the maturity examination. The score acquired on the examination is clearly differentiated throughout the voivodeship. The differences in points between city schools and the facilities in the rural areas having worse scores differ from 10 to even 30 points. Moreover, the students taking the maturity examination in smaller towns more often choose the subjects on the extender level, as in 2009 when there was no student in schools in the country who was passing the examination in extender level in mathematics, physics, chemistry and history. There are 22 public and non-public high schools operating in the region. The selection of the studies is stable, among which the most popular seem to be social science, economics, administration, and in slightly less degree humanities, pedagogy, law, medical studies and computer science. The indicator of the number of students of the science and technical studies, including biology, physics, mathematics and statistics, information technology, engineering and technology, production and processing, architecture and civil engineering is advantageous. The number of students taking up social science and slipping services studied considerably exceeds the national average.

29 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 7. Education ———————————————————————————————————

Figure 13. The student of high schools according to the type of studies per 10 000 inhabitants in 2008

safety and security 0,97 0,94 Polska 0,85 Zachodniopomorskie social care 1,14 5,73 journalism and IT 3,71 arts 6,87 4,96 6,99 environment protection 5,62 9,21 agricultural, forestry and fishing 7,00 19,51 services for individuals 13,07 legal 15,71 13,30 4,62 transport services 16,66 medical 31,06 27,42 humanities 41,22 28,70 59,64 teaching 47,48 economics and administration 117,81 68,77 social 67,92 104,62 111,93 science and technology 119,31

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 source: Own work on the basis of GUS data. The groups of studies’ types according to the International Standard Classification ISCED’97.

In 2008 there were 78 000 people studying in the Voivodeship including 43 000 women, 17 000 people graduated from the studies facilities including 11 000 women. The most people study at The Szczecin University and Zachodniopomorskie Technical University founded in 2009 as a result of merging Szczecin Technical University and the Academy of Agriculture. Koszalin Technical University is the greatest and the most noble educational facility in Koszalin, which educates students in faculties such as environmental studies, humanities and fine arts. The number of high schools in the Voivodeship still considerably outstands from the level of the regions, however in 2004-2008 this indicator per 10000 inhabitants decreased from 532 to 462, dropping to the level below the national average (501).

30 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 7. Education ——————————————————————————————————— Figure 14. Higher education students per 10000 inhabitants in particular voivodeships during 2004-2008

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

ie ie e e ie e e e kie ki ki ki ki ki s rsk lskie lskie s skie sk ckie s eck la o e o zyskie or lą as ur Polska wi ś łódzkie ś pa pol łopolskie o lub kr az lubus ar o to pom podl m azo ma ę m doln wielkop wi ko- podk dniopom ś s o ń rmi zach kujawsko-pomors wa source: Own work on the basis of BDR GUS data. The decrease was the result of the people of demographic low reaching age of studies on one hand and the facto of choosing university level schools in the other region of Poland by the graduates of high school on the other hand as a result of implementation in Poland of more flexible system of enrolment to university level facilities. Currently, the academic level schools lead extensive promotion campaigns in order to entourage prospective students to take up studies at the offered faculties. The high education institutions try to adjust the syllabuses to educate students to the requirements of work market. In 2004-2008 the number of branches and consultation facilities of the institutions in the Voivodeship decreased from 24 to 21. The indicator of continuing education, which was 5.2% in 2004 and 5.5% in 2008, places the region second in Poland following the Mazowieckie Voivodeship. People working and willing to raise their vocational qualifications rather than the unemployed with low vocational qualifications tend to choose continuing education programmes.

Challenges: In the nearest future the number of people at pre-working age is expected to fall which will result in the diminishing number of students on the all levels of education. The demographic changes will be accompanied by transformations in the structure of education facilities, education system and the interests of pupils and students in particular forms and faculties. In order to direct the choices concerning future education appropriately of the youth and the future professional life of the graduates it is necessary to make vocational counselling widely available, beginning with gymnasiums and provide support for academic offices of careers. It is necessary to assure wider and better availability of pre school facilities, especially in the context of compulsory pre-school education for the five-years-old and school education for the six-years-old. The activities which improve the level of education measured by the scores of external examinations seem to be of key importance. The challenge is also keeping the most talented students and encouraging them to educate in the institutions of higher education in the region.

31 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 8. Labour market ——————————————————————————————————— 2.8. Labour market In spite of the improvement on the Zachodniopomorskie labour market resulting from the general change of the national macroeconomic standing there has been unsatisfactory entrepreneurship activity in the region: High level of unemployment, low level of employment and very high professional inactivity. The negative phenomena in Zachodniopomorskie and especially on the Szczecin labour market was the bankruptcy of great factories. The following entities ceased their activity since 1989: Przedsi ębiorstwo Połowów Dalekomorskich i Usług Rybackich Gryf, Przedsi ębiorstwo Przemysłowo-Usługowe Rybołówstwa Morskiego Transocean, Fabryka Włókien Sztucznych Chemitex-Wiskord, two clothing production companies Dana and Odra, Huta Szczecin, Papiernia , Bank Morski, Stocznia Szczeci ńska Nowa. Stopping production and redundancies had impact on the numerous smaller cooperating entities in particular related to the sea economy sector. Mentioning the above, there is not only stable supply of the unemployed on the local labour market but also vivid supply of highly specialised experts whose chances to find new jobs without retraining seem to be limited. The unemployment rate acc. to BAEL in the Voivodeship decreased from 23.8% in 2004 to 9.6% in 2008, at the national average amount correspondingly 18.8% and 6.7%. Despite so substantial decrease unemployment in the Voivodeship remains one of the highest in Poland.

Figure 15. Economic activity of the voivodeship inhabitants during 2004-2009

employment indicator professional activity ratio unemployment rate (right axis) 60 25,0

50 20,0

40 15,0 30 10,0 20

5,0 10

0 0,0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 source: Own work on the basis of BDR GUS data.

The coefficient of vocational development amounts to 50.4% in the region and is the lowest in the whole country. The average value for Poland is 54.2%. The employment indicator is also the lowest in Poland and is at 45.6%.

32 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 8. Labour market ——————————————————————————————————— Figure 16. Economic activity of the inhabitants in particular voivodeships in 2008

professional activity ratio employment indicator BAEL unemployment rate (right axis) 70,0 12,0

60,0 10,0 50,0 8,0 40,0 6,0 30,0 4,0 20,0 10,0 2,0 0,0 0,0

ie ie e ie ie ie e ie ie e kie k k k ki k k skie ls s rs s s ls rskie lą e zy lą o ols iecki ś r łódzk ś dlaskie p p w lub opol lubuskie o ło o mo omorsk tok p lk o p -pomorskie ę dkarpacki-Mazu p dolno o i o ma mazo nio k w p sko wie d s ś ń

zacho kujaw warmi source: Own work on the basis of BDR GUS data. Most of unemployed are educated to the level of gimnasium, primary or lower as well as basic vocational level and people who do not have any work record and vocational qualifications. More than half of the unemployed are permanently unemployed, remaining without work more than a year. Both low education level and qualifications which do not meet the employers’ expectations and long periods of remaining outside the labour market greatly hinders the unemployed vocational development. As the level of numerous benefits and social care transfers is comparable to the wages creates additional encouragement to remain unemployed or take up employment off the books. One of the worst problems of the region seems to be extremely high unemployment (also hidden) in the rural areas which was as high as 13.2% in 2009. The greatest variety in the level of unemployment remains between Szczecin agglomeration and the rest of the region. Figure 17. Unemployment rate recorded in the sub-regions of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in 2000-2009

Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Stargard sub-region Koszalin sub-region City of Szczecin sub-region Szczecin sub-region 40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 source: Own work on the basis of BDR GUS data. Spatial complexity of the situation on the local labour markets have impact on the development opportunities, and in the further perspective on the pace of economic growth of

33 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 8. Labour market ——————————————————————————————————— the whole voivodeship. The most difficult situation concerns Stargard subregion. The unemployment in the subregion is the highest despite numerous investments and encouraging activities of the local entrepreneurs to increase employment. The turn of 2009/2010 brought an unexpected impairment of the labour market situation caused by the world economic recession. The recorded unemployment rate in the region was 16,5% in 2009 and in February of 2010 it was 18%, in Marc hit dropped to the value of 17,7%. At the beginning of 2010 there was increase of the number of the recorded unemployed in the voivodeship. In the first months of 2010 the rate was much higher than in the same period in 2009. The strength as well as opportunity of the labour market in the Voivodeship is one of the highest in Poland share of the employed in the services sector with considerable low employment in agriculture. This structure of employment does not really differ from the structures of the economically developed countries. Vast share of the employed in services is observed in Szczecin as well as in Koszalin and in Świnouj ście.

Figure 18. The percentage of the employed in particular economic sectors in the scope of the Voivodeship in 2008

services industry agriculture 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

e e e e ie ie ie ie ie ie ie e e ki k k k k k ki ski ski s s s ieckie lą lą ask ors or ś ś ur łódz zys lubuski az opol ow podl lubelski okr pom -m t opom małopols ielkopolskie i ę maz dolno ko podkarpack w s w ś ń mi jawsko-pomorskie chodni u za k war source: Own work on the basis of BDR GUS data.

Many activates aiming at soothing the detrimental effect of unemployment and developing the local labour market have been taken up since 2004, involving both Polish and with the major support of European Union funds. The public social labour services were improved and strengthened. The unemployed received numerous possibilities of taking advantage of the activities raising the opportunities of employment including numerous encouraging programmes, trainings or retraining courses. The inhabitants of the rural areas were also included in the support project. The activities performed in the social integration, education and occupation domains were aimed for the people supported by the social services and threatened with poverty and social exclusion. The people who started their own entrepreneurship were granted a one-time financial support strengthening at the same time the local entrepreneurship and self employment. Strategies and tools for quick response increase of occurrence economic changes. The ventures their employees who were affected with the processes of economic transformations were given support, predominantly the elderly and without appropriate qualifications. As the Szczecin Shipyards Nowa went bankrupt the stabilising and protective activities were conducted by the Government, however its scale can be assessed as insufficient. Special purpose Road Act eased the first impact of the shipyard bankruptcy and

34 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 8. Labour market ——————————————————————————————————— the compensation for redundancies was granted from the Employment Fund Contribution. Only a slight percentage of the employees made redundant took advantage of the programmes of retraining which was especially prepared. The bankruptcy of the shipyard, another large factory in the region converged with the time of the world financial crisis.

The strategic challenge for the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is adjusting the training offer vocational education in the region to match the current and the future needs of the market. Shaping the labour market it is necessary to aim at vocational development of the rural areas inhabitants, especially in the eastern part of the voivodeship. It is crucial to support the existing and creating new workplaces in the Koszalin subregion and facilitate access to education, especially in the poorest areas of the region. Equally important is to provide support for people over 50 years old, who are less attractive from the point of view of employers as prospective employees because they lack sufficient vocational qualifications and education. The main challenge for the regional work market is filling the gap after bankruptcy of the Szczecin shipyard Nowa and shortage of orders for the cooperating companies.

35 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9. Economy ——————————————————————————————————— 2.9 Economy In the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in 2008 there were 213 124 registered economic entities, amounting to 5.7% of all companies in Poland. Similar to other regions, actual business activities are conducted by 45% of the registered firms. Taking into consideration the number of registered companies per 1 000 inhabitants, the voivodeship is in 1st place in Poland with an indicator value of 125.9 and the national average being 98.5. In the region, leading districts are: Kołobrzeski (178.1), Koszalin (172.2) and Świnouj ście (169.9). The process of ownership right transformation is slower than in other voivodeships. During 1990 up to the middle of 2009 in entailed 295 state companies, which was 56.19% of all of the companies and was the lowest result in the country. In 1990, in the voivodeship, the highest number of state companies per 10 000 inhabitants were located. The region's economy is mainly based on production facilities. As of the 31 st of December 2008, the National Treasury was a shareholder in 55 companies, whereby in 26 of those its share did not exceed 50% and 25 companies were single ownership companies of the State Treasury.

Figure 19. The number of registered economic entities per 1 000 inhabitants in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in relation to analogous sizes in Poland and other voivodeships in 2008

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516

All 1,28

Micro 1,29

Small 0,95

Medium 1,02

Large 0,80

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 Position in the voivodeship ranking source: own work based on BDR GUS data. Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship has the most fragmented structure of company sizes in Poland. The number of micro-companies per 1 000 inhabitants is 129% of the national average. The concentration of small (in total 6 561 entities in 2008) and medium (1 331 entities in 2008) does not differ significantly from the national averages. Whereas the share of large companies, of which in 2008 there were 167 (80% of the average national density) is significantly lower than in other regions. What’s more, their number decreased from 2004 by 10%, whilst in Poland the decrease was 1.5%.

36 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9. Economy ———————————————————————————————————

Table 1. Basic structural data for sectors in the voivodeship and Poland in 2007 no. of companies working added value * sectors Poland Zachodniopomorskie Poland Zachodniopomorskie Poland Zachodniopomorskie

agriculture 2,55% 2,86% 15,97% 8,80% 4,25% 4,49% industry 10,35% 8,05% 23,16% 22,00% 24,23% 17,85% construction 10,65% 11,18% 5,80% 6,65% 5,94% 6,68% trade 41,41% 41,10% 16,41% 17,85% 28,23% 30,53% services 35,02% 35,90% 38,63% 44,68% 37,34% 40,45% * 2006 data source: own work based on BDR GUS data.

In individual regions during 2005 – 2008 the number of economic entities of the national economy in total increased with the exception of the city of Szczecin subregion, where a slight decrease occurred of 1035 entities. The largest growth (by about 8%) was observed in the Stargard and Szczecin sub regions, where the number of entities per 10 000 inhabitants is the smallest.

Figure 20. National economy entities in total and per 10 000 inhabitants according to sub regions in 2008

entities per 10 thousand inhabitants (right axis) 80 000 1 800 70 000 1 575 1 600 60 000 1 400 1 255 1 202 1 200 50 000 970 1 000 40 000 74 264 800 30 000 64 098 600 entities inentities total 20 000 36 376 38 386 400 10 000 200 0 0 000 10 per inhabitants entities Koszalin sub-region Stargard sub-region City of Szczecin sub- Szczecin sub-region region source: own work based on BDR GUS data.

Out of 350 companies listed on the main floor of the Warsaw Stock Exchange only two are registered in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship - Zakłady Chemiczne Police S.A. and Koszali ńskie Przedsi ębiorstwo Przemysłu Drzewnego S.A. in Szczecinek. Their share in the total capital value of the companies on the Polish stock exchange is 0.2%. On the New Connect stock exchange, the Read-Gene S.A. company is listed, with a capital value of 2.1% of the whole stock exchange. As a result of ownership changes, consolidations and transfers and in particular transferring or liquidating of centers, the voivodeship’s capital is losing its pan-regional character. Szczecin is no longer the seat for Pomorski Bank Kredytowy. Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is being missed out during locating the headquarters of national or pan-regional importance – as an example the inclusion of the Zespół Elektrowni Dolna Odra into the newly established PGE energy group. In North-West Poland, Szczecin is losing headquarters and hubs of infrastructure and energy companies mostly to Pozna ń, for example: Enea, Wielkopolska Spółka Gazownictwa, Orlen regional management and railway companies.

37 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9. Economy ——————————————————————————————————— In a report compiled by The Gda ńsk Institute for Market Economics the voivodeship went up to 6 th place in 2009. Transport accessibility and investor's support are deemed to be the voivodeship's biggest assets. Figure 21. Evaluation of investment attractiveness of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in 2009*

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516 Voivodeships investment 3 attractiveness

Labour costs and availability 3

Transport availability 3

Voivodeship investor activities 3

Markets 3

Economic infrastructure 3

Social infrastructure 3

General safety 3 Position in the voivodeship ranking * summary according to indicator importance source: own work based on the “Investment attractiveness of the voivodeships and sub-regions of Poland in 2009”” report IBnGR, Gda ńsk 2009. Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is seen in a much better light by the investors themselves. In 2007 the value of their investments reached 90 million Euro. In 2008 such investors as GaveKal Analytics Polska sp. z o.o. (initially 20 and a target of 50 people employed in the R&D and data verification centre), the British company Valassis (from 160 up to a target of 300 employees in a data processing centre), international bank UniCredit (a target of 450 employees in a regional competence centre) have been attracted to the region. In 2009 the largest investment in Poland was Cargotec’s a Finnish company’s project. The enterprise with an estimated value of 64 million Euros, which aims to provide jobs to 400 people. The largest single investment in the recent years in the voivodeship is the tyre company, Bridgestone, locating their factory near Stargard Szczeci ński. For the regional economy, exports are a significant source of incomes. In 2007, 28 061 entities from the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship region exported goods of total value in excess of 2.5 billion PLN. The largest share in exports went to industrial processing, which was characterized by the most dynamic growth during the period of evaluation. During 2002- 2008 its share exceeded 70% of the total exports value in the voivodeship. The second group, considering the size of exports was the transport, warehousing and communication industry – from 5 to 15% of total exports.

38 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.1 Industry ———————————————————————————————————

2.9.1. Industry Industrial processing in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is based on energy, chemical, ship yards, forestry and furniture, construction and agricultural and food, including fishing industries. Up until now the main hubs of industrial facilities were located in the larger regional cities, however with the growth of industrial zones, a gradual dispersion of production and its location in communes on the outskirts of the cities is occurring, for example near Goleniów, Police, Stargard Szczeci ński, and shortly near Gryfino and Dębno. Goleniów Industrial Park, the largest in the region, had 36 investment enterprises in 2010. In 2008 the sold industrial production in the voivodeship amounted to 25 018.9 million PLN. The voivodeship industry had a 3.78% share of the total national employment in industry and provided 2.88% of the national industrial production value. Figure 22. Sold production in total per 1 inhabitant of the voivodeship as a percentage of the national production in 2004 - 2008

66%

65% 64% 63% 65,42% 62% 65,22% 64,80%

61% 62,52% 61,65% 60% 59% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 source: own work based on BDR GUS data. In 2008 the largest value of sold industrial production was achieved in the Szczecin sub-region, where it amounted to 10 306.5 million PLN. It should be noted that in the City of Szczecin sub-region the industrial production was almost half that size.

Figure 23. Sold industrial production in total of the sub-regions in 2008

12 000

10 000

8 000

6 000 10 306,5 PLN million PLN 4 000 6 798,9 5 438,4 2 000 2 475,1 0 Koszalin sub- Stargard sub- City of Szczecin sub- region region Szczecin sub- region region source: own work based on BDR GUS data.

39 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.1 Industry ———————————————————————————————————

In 2007 in the voivodeship the largest production growth was achieved by companies from the following industries: forestry (by 32.0%), furniture (by 24.8%) as well as companies manufacturing metal products (by 24.4%). At the end of 2007 in the industrial sector 148 867 people were employed, an increase of 5.9% on the previous year. From 2004 the industrial employment in the voivodeship increased by 15.0% whilst in the same period in the whole country in increased by 11.8% Industrial workers represent 28.6% of the total employment in the region. The sold production per 1 inhabitant in 2007 reached the highest values in the following districts: Police (54.6 thousand PLN), Goleniów (53.3 thousand PLN) and Szczecin (26.9 thousand PLN). The voivodeship average was 14 784 PLN which placed it in 12 th place in the country (national average 22.8 thousand PLN). Lowest values were reached in the districts of: Łobez and Choszczno, 3.3 and 4.0 thousand PLN correspondingly.

Figure 24. Sold industrial production value per 1 inhabitant of the voivodeship in 2008

60 000

50 000

40 000

30 000 1 26 54 632 3 20 000 5 7 Zachodniopomorskie 4 9 1 1 2 5 10 000 26 1 7 9 8 8 8 33 354 6 10 9 1 4 4 3 1 0 1 120 026 5 981 2 997 255 1 1 12 5 1 1 9 088 7 7 7 6 98 6 5 5 566 5 3 3 0

i i i i i i i i k k k in in k k k ie k k ic s c c c ski s z c ski ski c ski s l w e e y i ń ś wski ń ń fi dzki ń e o o z rz uj a ie ry r e b p i oszal c liborski y ard o g z ło n z wałecki ś p idw g n dr rga c le K S w i ław a z o my ś kołobrze w koszali s st g szczecin biało Ś chos source: own work based on BDR GUS data; GUS does not publish data re. sold industrial production per 1 inhabitant for the districts of Gryfino and Kamieniec. Large differences between the districts in the sold industrial production value per 1 inhabitant are connected with the distribution of the largest industrial facilities of the voivodeship. In Police and Szczecin districts, the size of industrial production was influenced mainly by the large value of the chemical industry production, mainly the Zakłady Chemiczne „Police” S.A. and Kronospan Szczecinek sp. z o.o and their dependant companies and contractors. On the other hand in the Goleniów district, together with the development of Goleniów Industrial Park, the best growth dynamics were achieved, with the sold industrial production value per 1 inhabitant increasing by 411% during 2004 – 2008. Large increases were also observed in the city of Świnouj ście (175%) and the districts of Drawsko (98%) and Pyrzyce (86%). Contractions were noted in the districts of Koszalin (12%) and city of Szczecin (9%). The shipbuilding and shipyard industry recession in Poland and the world economic slowdown will have the largest influence on the state of the economy in the voivodeship. The two fold (2002 and 2009) collapse of the largest ship yard in the region and the connected problems faced by its contractors, many of whom are located in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship show, that one cannot count on the stable ship yard industry to be the regional economy stabiliser. From November 2008, a decrease in exports was observed as a result of the global recession. This trend cannot even be reversed by a relatively low value of the Polish currency. The most prone to suffer the effects of export failure in the region are: transport means

40 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.1 Industry ——————————————————————————————————— production, forestry (including furniture production), chemical and computer and precision instruments manufacturing. Within the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship various support instruments are available, e.g.: Zachodniopomorskie Regionalny Fundusz Por ęcze ń Kredytowych, Regionalny Fundusz Po Ŝyczkowy Pomeranus, Fundusz Por ęcze ń Kredytowych POLFUND.

Challenges: Activities aimed at industrial development in the voivodeship should be aimed at enlarging the existing and creating new investment zones and intense economic activity. These should be implemented mainly within the scope of increasing the investment attractiveness of the region as part of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Regional Operational Programme. The efforts should be concentrated on activating economical activities in communes where such zones are already in existence. They should be supplemented by financial support instruments for conducting economic activity, addressed at small and medium companies in the voivodeship. A large regional funs should be set up, concerned with load guarantees for small and medium enterprises and for reactivation programmes. A large credit and loan fund, functioning independently or in cooperation with smaller institutions, can in future to be the origin of a strong regional bank.

41 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.2 Trade and services ———————————————————————————————————

2.9.2. Trade and services With the voivodeship’s population, constituting 4.44% of the population of Poland, the shops within its borders constituted 5.4% of the national total, petrol stations 4.4%, market places 5.1%, restaurants 4.6%, bars 4.2% whereas canteens 7.5%. The wholesale of the voivodeship constituted 1.6% of the wholesale of Poland. The services industry provides the majority of jobs in the voivodeship with over 60% of the employed, most of them in the market services (e.g.: trade, transport, financial agents, hotels and catering). In 2008 the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship was placed in 6 th position in the country with regards to the retail trade per one inhabitant, as compared to 9th place in 2004. The value if these sales (10 589 PLN) was however lower than the Polish average of 14 814 PLN. During 2004 - 2008 a significant increase in the number of trade establishments was noted. Towards the end of 2008, 20 842 shops were active (by 20% more than in 2004) and 447 petrol stations. An average of 81 inhabitants per one shop (100 in 2004) with the national average of 103. During 2004 – 2009 in the voivodeship the number of market places decreased from 119 to 116, but their total area increased from 568 thousand sq. m. to 589 thousand sq. m. At the end of 2008, catering activity was conducted at 153 restaurants, 159 bars, 155 canteens and 126 catering points. Catering activity yielded an income of 433 million PLN and constituted 4.0% of the incomes from catering in Poland. Similar to the rest of the country, shopping centres and large area shops are increasing in significance. This is linked to a changing lifestyle, time management and shopping together with eating out or entertainment. In 2007 in the voivodeship there were 16 hypermarkets, with an average of 105 766 inhabitants per one, with the national average of 96 251. Figure 25. Number of inhabitants per hypermarket in the voivodeship in 2007

number of inhabitants per 1 hy per-market number of hy per-markets (right axis) 200000 69 80

180000 70 160000 56 60 140000 42 50 120000 35 31 100000 26 40 80000 24 21 market 16 30 60000 12 14 13 13 9 20 40000 7 8 20000 10 0 0 numberof hyper-markets

e ie ie ie e e ie ie ie ie e e numberof inhabitants hyper- 1 per k ki ki k ck sk ls lski ls lsk rsk ski ski skie a la e ys o o o ieckie or lą lą rp d z p łódzkie ś ś a o r łop o w lubus k p lub k a o lno d to pomorskiez pom o o ę m ielkop iopomo- d p wi w ko-mazursk ma ś s dn ń o wsko a zach kuj warmi source: own work based on BDR GUS data. The number of newly opened trade establishments signals a strong growth of the retail trade, mainly small and medium shops with a slowdown of the wholesale trade. The above average number of catering establishments is a result of the transit and tourist character of the voivodeship. The over-representation of the canteen type establishments is a result of the strong influence of seasonal tourism on the voivodeship. The above average number of market places is a result of the border trade significance in the trade structure of the voivodeship.

42 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.2 Trade and services ——————————————————————————————————— Challenges: According to forecasts evaluating the effects of the economic crisis at the end of the first decade of the XXI century, in the voivodeship about 200 food trade establishments and about 100-150 medium and large clothing traders may fold. Apart from the closing down of existing establishments, many trading chains are stopping and rethinking expansion plans. This is a result of the current market situation for commercial premises, where their development has been halted due to lack of loans. For trading and service companies operating on the Polish-German border region, a significant factor in the uncertainty is the constantly changing PLN exchange rate. Until Poland joins the Euro Zone, trade and service companies’ long term planning will always bear the risk of currency exchange fluctuations. It should be remembered that shopping tourism is a two-way system. Only after the adoption by Poland of the common currency, will the differences in the legal and fiscal systems be the deciding factors in the profitability of goods and services exchange. One of the most serious challenges and a very big chance for Zachodniopomorskie trade is the constant and very dynamic growth of internet sales. It should be noted, that when it comes to e-trade, the region is not held back by its location at the outskirts of the country. Lack of geographical marginalization is evident, amongst others in the functioning of the courier rates for postal services. For companies in the Zachodniopomorskie operating in the border regions, this will mean that they will be able to conduct internet activities using warehouses located in Germany. Companies involved in e-trade will thus have access to a joint 120 million people Polish-German market at a relatively low cost.

43 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.3 Construction ———————————————————————————————————

3.9.3. Construction The economic revival in 2004 – 2008 was significant for the building industry. In 2007 in Zachodniopomorskie the increase in employment in the construction industry was 7.5% at the same time, the wages in this industry in the region increased by 16%. 11.2% of the companies in the voivodeship were involved in the building industry. In 2007, in the construction industry and related industries in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship 1 520 new economic entities were established and this was the largest growth of all industries. The sales of building and assembly production per one inhabitant in 2008 was 3 991 PLN, which places the voivodeship in 5 th place in the country, with the national average of 3 583 PLN. During 2004 – 2008 the value of building and assembly production per inhabitant in the voivodeship oscillated around the national average, and since 2006 exceeding it slightly.

Figure 26. Building and assembly production sales per one inhabitant in Poland and the voivodeship in 2004 - 2008

Polska zachodniopomorskie 4 500 4 000 3 991 3 500 3 583 3 000 2 500 1 849 2 000

1 500 1 743 1 000 500 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 source: own work based on BDR GUS data. From 2004 the value of building and assembly production sales increased almost two- fold to 6 756 million PLN in 2008. Regarding the share of the national sales, the region is located in 8 th place in Poland. It varies between 4 and 5% with an increasing trend.

44 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.3 Construction ——————————————————————————————————— Figure 27. Building and assembly production in the voivodeship in 2004 - 2008 (absolute value in million PLN and share in the national production)

PLN million percentage 4,94% 7,00 5,2%

6,00 5,0% 4,91% 4,57%

5,00 4,8%

4,00 4,6% 4,30% 6,7564 4,19% 3,00 4,4% 5,4044 4,6195 2,00 4,2% 3,3772 2,9556 1,00 4,0%

0,00 3,8% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 source: own work based on BDR GUS data. In 2005 – 2008 the number of permits issued for construction as a total floor space of structures increased. The share in the total number of permits in the country in that period increased from 3.16% to 4.66%, whereas the total square floor meterage in permits issued from 552 thousand sq. m. to 944 thousand sq. m.

Figure 28. Building permits issued in the voivodeship in 2005-2008 (floor space and share in the national permits)

square meters percentage 1 000 000 4,66% 5,00%

4,26%

800 000 4,00%

3,30% 3,16%

600 000 3,00%

944 032 835 953 400 000 2,00%

587 483 551 687

200 000 1,00%

0 0,00% 2005 2006 2007 2008 source: own work based on BDR GUS data.

Challenges: The building industry of the region is characterized by a dispersion of the contractors and a weak capital situation of the companies. In developing the building industry in the voivodeship, the aim should be to create incentives for local companies to create chains, clusters and consortiums which will be able to compete with national and international companies. In the building industry, the ability to make use of the economic demand and the

45 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.3 Construction ——————————————————————————————————— investment opportunities are particularly important. As an example the development of the tourist infrastructure in the coastal belt can be cited. Large infrastructure investments such as roads, at industrial parks or those linked with a re- activation of the residential housing are also an opportunity to support the building industry in the voivodeship. A significant role in the building and assembly industries will be played by the forthcoming construction of the Gasport in Świnouj ście and the permanent link between the islands of Uznam a Wolin.

46 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.4 Agriculture ———————————————————————————————————

2.9.4. Agriculture The basic characteristics of the Zachodniopomorskie agriculture is a large area of farms, low, favorable percentage of those employed in agriculture, high degree of automation and the orientation towards plant production and in particular grains, potatoes and sugar beets. Farms with large and proportionally centralized farming areas are dominant. Towards the end of 2008 the average size of a farm in the voivodeship was 29.68 ha, almost thrice more than the national average (10.02 ha). It is not only the highest in Poland, but above the European Union average. It is also noteworthy that 2% of the largest farms in the voivodeship are able to produce 20% of direct surpluses. The large area of farms creates possibilities to specialize, concentrate production and make use of economies of scale and produce large incomes. Profits gained by large farms allow the financing of machine purchases, fertilizer and planed protection products at a level which will compete with large scale farms in the European Union. In the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, the largest average size of arable land at farms (24.11 ha can be observed, as compared to a value in the region of 304 ha in the Małopolskie and Podkarpackie Voivodeships. Therefore the region is characterized by a significantly lower number of tractors and harvesters per 100 ha of arable lands as well as the lowest indicator of rural commune road (about 21 km/100 sq. km.

Figure 29. Average size of arable lands at farms in Poland and the voivodeship in 2008

35 30 25 20 15 29,68 22,81 Polska hectares 19,67 10 18,48 17,46 15,35 14,79 13,36 11,96 5 8,37 7,34 7,34 6,55 5,33 4,41 3,75 0

e ie e ie ie e ie ie ie ie ie k i k k k k k k k sk skie skie ls ski c zki s c r r ols ą o la ie els d lą a ols u p śl p d w b łó ś rp p z lubuskie mo o morskie o o a o k po z lu tokrzyskie k pomors ma p lno o l d ało o - o -p ę o m o d o wie ma wi p sk k ś i ń rm zachodni a kujaws w source: own work based on BDR GUS data.

The Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is characterized by a small number of agricultural and food processing facilities. Many of the semi-finished products produced in the voivodeship are processed outside of its borders, which has a particularly negative effect on the global value of agricultural production per ha of arable lands. Its global value in 2008 reached 3 223 PLN. This placed the voivodeship in last place of the country with a national average of 4 886 PLN. The growth dynamics of this value in the region, at 21.9% was decidedly weaker than the Polish growth (33.0%). During 2004 – 2008 crops of grains in the region were similar to the national level, potato crops were above that and sugar beet crops were lower than average. At that time in the voivodeship grain crops decreased from 39.9 to 30.8 dt/ha (11 th place in the country), potato crops decreased from 230 to 215 dt/ha (3 rd place in the country) and sugar beet crops were unchanged at a level of 399 dt/ha in 2004 and 400 dt/ha in 2008 (15 th place in the country). Grain crops in 2008 were at 95.7% of the national average, potato crops 112.2% and sugar beets at 86%. Gradually the growing area of energy crops is being enlarged.

47 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.4 Agriculture ——————————————————————————————————— In 2007 animal production constituted 45.5% of the agricultural production of the voivodeship. Both the population of farm animals and the production of meat and milk were below the national average. In 2004-2008 the population of cattle per 100 ha of arable land increased from 9.8 to 10.8 pcs. (16 th place in the country). In 2008 it constituted 31.4% of the average cattle population per 100 ha in the country. Between 2004 and 2008 the population of pigs in the region decreased from 72.4 to 40.9 pcs. per 100 ha of arable land (13 th place in the country), achieving the level of 46.4% of the average national production in 2008. During 2004 – 2007 the production of milk and slaughter animals remained almost unchanged. In 2007 in the voivodeship 206 liters of milk were produced per hectare of arable land, which constituted 27.6% of the average national figure (16 th place in the country). Production of slaughter animals per one hectare of arable land was 166 kilograms, i.e.: 71.7% of the average national production (13 th place in the country).

Challenges: A favorable agricultural area structure in the region has strong influences on the disappearing of development barriers and it allows for the concentration of the means of production and attaining high incomes. During the next few years this will be the decisive factor in the determination of the Zachodniopomorskie's producer’s position in relation to farms in other countries of the European Union. The agriculture in the voivodeship has a unique opportunity to use economies of scale and at the same time to transplant the best examples from large farms in the EU and USA. The permission to work with additional genetically modified plants (GMO), the farming of which brings great profits to farms all over the world, within the borders of one EU member state, which translates into the whole EU could be of significant importance. The negative aspect of a too large a concentration of arable lands should be noted. Large share of entities registered outside of the region, together with a very intensive agricultural activity, may lead to a premature depletion of the agricultural assets of the region. Depending on the character of agricultural activity, the threshold after which a degradation of farms occurs is in the region of 300 to 500 ha. Together with an increase in ecological awareness, following the western countries, the consumption of ecological foods will increase. As a result an increase in ecological farms will be observed. These farms, currently few and far between in the region, are characterized by very high production profit margins and a very high growth potential. Within the region, the development of ecological producers' group’s should be supported as well as the R&D at universities for local farms. The Zachodniopomorskie agriculture faces serious challenges in the form of a change in the relation between a high crop and a low production value per hectare. To change this, the production of animals and milk should be intensified. Any initiatives aiming to locate agricultural and food processing facilities in the voivodeship should be supported. The local system of bank and credit guarantees should also be supported as well as the development of local producers groups as a potential source of local capital procurement flowing into the agriculture and food industry. Not only have the conditions of the EU, but also of the whole world had an impact on the development outlook for agriculture in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship. It should be considered that the whole European Union, up until now protecting its domestic markets, is now under strong external pressure to open them up. Similar pressure is applied by the Union industrial lobby, counting on huge profits from trade. It is not impossible that in the near future the voivodeship will have to compete with producers from all over the world. A significant challenge for agriculture will be brought about by the new form of environment protection in Natura 2000 areas introduced to Poland after its accession to the European Union. Adhering to the legal limits with regards to fertilisers, breeding, waste collection or

48 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.4 Agriculture ——————————————————————————————————— investment implementation, the activities aimed at retaining production space for agriculture with the voivodeship which, for example, are threatened by a on irrigation within protected areas should be supported.

49 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.5 Forestry ———————————————————————————————————

2.9.5. Forestry The Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is the fourth most forested voivodeship in Poland; with 35.0% of woodlands (forests constitute 29.0% of the country). At the end of 2008, forests occupied 825.2 thousand ha, by 7.1 thousand ha more than in 2004 or by 8.9% of forest land in Poland. In 2008 3 640 thousand m 3 of wood was obtained from the forests in the region, which was almost 11% of the national total. In this respect the voivodeship is in 1 st place in the country. Zachodniopomorskie in 2008 was characterized by the largest forest assets – 184 063.9 thousand m 3 which was 11% of the national assets. In total 1 166 ha were earmarked for reforestation in 2008. As part of the Rural Development Areas Programme in 2004 – 2006, 1 887 ha or 4.75% of national replanting was reforested. At the end of 2008 in the voivodeship, as part of PROW 2007 – 2013 275 ha were reforested (also 4.75% of the national total). The voivodeship is in 11th place when it comes to reforestation funded by EU grants. In the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship the largest area of reserves and protected forests can be found – 763.1 thousand hectares. i.e.: 10.8% of the total of such areas in Poland. The incomes into commune budgets from forest tax in 2008 in the region were 15.6 million PLN, which was 8.9% of the total national income (3 rd place). In 2008 the voivodeship recorded 478 fires on 156.8 ha of forests (5.2% of the number and area of fires in Poland). Most forested are districts in the eastern and southern parts of the region and in particular: Wałecki (54.5%), Drawski (45.3%), Szczecinecki (44.4%) and rural Koszali ński (42.0%) and My śliborski (41.5%). The lowest proportion of forests per area can be found in the following districts: Pyrzyckim (6.3%), city of Szczecin (16.2%) and Gryfickim (20.2%). Lower than the average proportion of forests can be found in the following districts: city of Świnouj ście, Kamie ński and Sławie ńskim. The largest increases in forests are in areas with a predominantly agricultural employment, including the districts of Pyrzyce and Stargard. In 13 out of 114 communes of the voivodeship forests exceed 50%. Most forested communes are: Człopa (71,0%), Drawno (67,1%) and Manowo (64,1%) and least in Warnice (0,8%) and Pyrzyce (1,3). Twelve communes have less than 10% forests. Over the 2004 – 2008 a very high increase in forests has been noted in three municipal communes (Stargard Szczeci ński – 69,2%, Sławno – 42,1%, Białogard – 18,1%). A high increase in the forests, exceeding 5%, was also noted in communes: Sucha ń (11,4%), Dobra Nowogardzka (7,3%), Przelewice (6,0%), Lipiany (5,5%) and Dolice (5,3%). According to a stock take at the end of 2008, 98.4% of forests are public. Private forests lie on an area of 12.9 thousand ha. The private forest proportion is low, as it is only 1.6% with the national percentage of 21.4%, which provides favourable conditions for carrying out sustainable forest development. Further reforestation will be undertaken, mainly with the support of European Union funds. Reforesting of post agricultural areas will increase the proportion of private forests, nevertheless their proportion will still be one of the lowest in the country. The majority of State Treasury forests will enable the upkeep of ecological and social function of the forests, which are priorities in the establishment of the national forest policies. The voivodeship has a strong position in the country when it comes to economic use of forests, however a low level of food processing originating in forests can be observed. In 2008, in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship 291 tons of blueberries were purchased, 6.1% of the national figure, 1 165 of fruits of the forest, 26.5% and 942 tons of mushrooms, 15.9%. Furthermore, 1 913 tons of hunted animals were collected, which is 20% of the national purchase. The usage of the wood and paper industry products in the voivodeship is

50 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.5 Forestry ——————————————————————————————————— significantly higher than the national average. In 2008 in Zachodniopomorskie 2 103.1 thousand m 3 of sawn timber was used, which was 28.3 of the national average and positioned the region in 1 st place in the country. Over 56 826.2 thousand m 3 of fiber-board was used, in total 41.2% (1 st ), 51 643.4 thousand m 3 of hard fiber-boards 70.2% (1 st ), 402.1 thousand m 3 of chipboard 8.8% (4 th ). And 308.8 thousand tons of paper and cardboard 5.4 % (4 th ).

Challenges: The most important problem of the Zachodniopomorskie forestry is the weak development of auxiliary production infrastructure. The voivodeship is located in the national lead with regards to purchase of semi-finished products originating in the forest, however the food processing industry based on those plays a marginal role on the national scale. Tourism opportunities for forests are not explored. The level of land development from the funds of Zasób Własno ści Rolnej Skarbu Pa ństwa is low, which means that wastelands are not reforested fast enough. The forests in the voivodeship are in danger of pollution, dangers associated with single crop farming and the associated danger of pests and the propagation of foreign species of flora and fauna. The main priorities for forestry in the voivodeship are: the preservation and an increase in the vitality of forest ecosystems, the retention of a high proportion of timber gain from a hectare of forest and the retention of a high safety level with regards to fires in forests. Fire awareness should be increased especially amongst tourists visiting West . The primary activities should also include: promotion of forest tourism, hunting, eco-tourism and cycling. No regional product based on forest resources has been created. Despite the high percentage of forests in the region, the restructuring of agriculture should be supported, aimed at reforesting processes.

51 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.6 Tourism ———————————————————————————————————

2.9.6 Tourism The significance of tourism for the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship economy stems from the richness and its natural attributes in connection with the largest in the country and diversified accommodation base and ease of access for tourists, in particular foreign. The voivodeship’s attribute is the large number of attractive and diversified reservoirs and the adjacent areas. Lakes in the western part of Pojezierze Pomorskie, the Odra delta, Zalew Szczeci ński and the waters of the Baltic Sea, and in particular Zatoka Pomorska create unique conditions for tourism, especially water sports. The voivodeship’s attributes are also the large forests and protected areas, historic architectural structures and a large spa and recreation potential. In the varied tourist offer of the voivodeship, an increasingly important role is played by active rest, including water recreation, cycling and horse , Nordic- walking and golf. Numerous tourists’ trails pas through the voivodeship: walking, cycling, and horse riding and cultural. Historical structures located in the voivodeship, despite their numerous attributes and attractive location, are an insignificant autonomous factor for generating tourism. Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is in 1 st place in the country when it comes to accommodation in total, the number of beds per 1 000 inhabitants, provided accommodation in total and the accommodation provided for national tourists. It is also in 1 st place in Poland taking into consideration the percentage of accommodation places, in 1 st place with regards to the number of lodgings provided to foreign tourists and in 4 th place as a destination for foreigners.

In 2008 in the voivodeship 10 037 373 lodgings were provided, which is 17.7% of the total in Poland. That was 13.1 more than last in 2004. 1 743 204 people used these services, which is 8.9% of all tourists with overnight stays in the whole country (16.1% more than in 2004)

Figure 30. Accommodation provided at multi guest facilities according to voivodeship in 2008 (percentage data, Poland = 100%)

20,0%

15,0%

10,0% 17,7% 14,1% 10,9% 9,2% 5,0% 9,0% 7,6% 5,3% 5,1% 4,3% 3,3% 3,3% 2,7% 2,7% 1,9% 1,6% 1,1% 0,0%

e e e e e e i i ki ki skie ski skie s lą eck lą r ackie ys a orskie ś ś p łódzk rz mo ubelskie lubuskie opolskie zowi o l ok podl pom ałopolskiepomorski a t m odkar ę nio dolno m wielkopolskieo-p p wi d sk sko-mazurskie ś o w ń h a zac kuj warmi source: own work based on BDR GUS data. The voivodeship led the country with respect to the number of lodgings provided to domestic tourists at multi guest facilities. In 2008 the voivodeship had 17.2% (over 1/6) of the total in Poland of such lodgings provided. The voivodeship is also placed in 1 st position with regards to the number of lodgings provided to foreign tourists at multi guest facilities; in 2008 its share in the domestic market was 20.1%.

52 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.6 Tourism ——————————————————————————————————— Figure 31. Accommodation provided to domestic and foreign tourists at multi guest facilities according to voivodeship in 2008 (percentage data, Poland = 100%)

Domestic tourists; Poland = 100% Foreign tourists; Poland = 100%

25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

e e e ie e kie skie ki kie s ski ą ckie s lskie lski lą l o elskie ys ś ś or łódzki b dlask po lubuskie o o no om lu p pomor azowie tokrz małopolskie ol -p elkop ę iopomorskie d m wi podkarpackie wi n sko-mazurskie ś ń jawsko u k zachod warmi source: own work based on BDR GUS data. In 2008 in the voivodeship there were 840 facilities offering lodgings, thus 12.3 % of the total number of such facilities and 18.5% of the total of accommodation places in the whole of the country. Per 1 000 inhabitants of the voivodeship there are 63.7 lodgings – over four times more than the average in Poland, where this indicator is at a level of 15.7. In relation to the number of inhabitants, the largest number of lodgings is in the following districts: Kamie ński (395 places per 1 000 inhabitants), Gryfice (306), Kołobrzeg (261), Sławie ńskim (228), rural Koszali ńskim (211) and Świnouj ściu (197). The districts of southern and central parts of the voivodeship are characterised by the lowest number of lodgings per 1 000 inhabitants. During 2004 - 2008 the total number of facilities offering accommodation in the voivodeship increased by 34%. In that period the number of hotels increased by 30% and guest houses by 28%. In 2008 78 hotels constituted 5.2% of hotels in Poland whereas 23 guest houses were 9.2% of the national number. In the voivodeship the highest percentage of usage of accommodation spaces can be observed. It is constantly at a level above 45%, in 2008 it was 47.6% (compared to 37.6% in Poland). A high concentration of accommodation places occurs mostly in the coastal belt.

Figure 32: Degree of usage of lodgings in Poland and the voivodeship in 2004-2008

zachodniopomorskie Polska 50%

45% 47,59% 46,37% 40%

35% 37,59% 30% 33,84%

25%

20% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 source: own work based on BDR GUS data. In the long term the demographical structure of the population will have a significant effect on the character of tourism. The number of adults and the elderly will increase, and the average number of people in a family will decrease. This means, that during the next decade,

53 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.6 Tourism ——————————————————————————————————— the disposable income per family member sill significantly increase, and will be spend on tourism and recreation. Quality and comfort will become more important. There will be an increase in interest for active tourism, including extreme. This will allow for the Zachodniopomorskie attributes to be developed further: water tourism, cycling, horse riding, Nordic-walking and golf. Due to the construction of a harbors, marinas and ports, interest in the voivodeship will increase amongst sailing enthusiasts, both Polish and foreign. Polish tourists will be more and more numerous on golf courses. Discerning clients will choose holidays in less crowded places or at periods guaranteeing mostly privacy and not anonymity. This will means an increase in the interest in the voivodeship’s lake districts. This is conditional on ensuring the right level of accommodation in these areas. An increasing health awareness and health care will increase the demand for holidays at fitness centers and SPA’s. A significant ingredient of the voivodeship’s tourism income will be holidays pre-booked in advance by the National Health Fund and German health funds. It is estimated that during the coming years German sentimental tourism will disappear. Polish labor immigrants will be a more numerous group of tourists. These people, who do not wish to return to Poland, as their financial situation stabilizes, will be willing to visit their roots. In the voivodeship, as in the country the importance of the internet in searching and purchasing tourist services will increase. The length and value of holidays will increase. It is necessary to ensure a large number of comfortable communication links. The currency exchange fluctuations will add to the uncertainty factor. The development of tourism is largely dependent on an integrated action from local governments and tourist organizations. One of these was the adoption of a unified logo and slogan, in order to unify and solidify in the tourist’s minds the image of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship as an attractive holiday destination. “Zachodniopomorskie. Sea adventures” – is a slogan which informs about the variety of attractions and experiences in the region. The increasing interest of foreign tourists and potential investors is aided by: permanent presence of the Zachodniopomorskie at national and international tourist trade fairs, including the largest ITB , active participation by the voivodeship in international tourist chains financed by the European Union, participation in the new initiative of Baltic states "Baltic the peak of tourism" as well as tourist presentations of the voivodeship at home and abroad and invitation extended to Polish diplomatic representatives. Independently from the above since 2007 the voivodeship government, in cooperation with the communes, before the tourist season organizes in main municipal centers of the country a weekends a promotional event “Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Days”. During its course inhabitants of cities (Pozna ń, Wrocław, ) have an opportunity to get to know the attributes of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, its history, culture, tourist attractions, culinary heritage. Furthermore, since 2007, the voivodeship government organizes a competition "For the most interesting tourist event of the year" which adds to the competitiveness of the region. Activities aimed at increasing the development of tourist infrastructure have also been undertaken as well as the construction of a regional system of tourist information and the development of tourist goods. These enterprises have been reflected in the RPO WZ for 2007- 2013. Additionally, the improvement of tourist attractiveness is improved by the implementation of the “Budowa infrastruktury i wspólnej marki turystycznej Zachodniopomorskiego Szlaku śeglarskiego” project which received funding from the Innovative Economy Operational Programme for 2007-2013, as part of activity 6.4 – Investments in pan regional tourist products. Trails and analogous development activities in the lake district belt can decide the region’s position in the country when it comes to sailing and water tourism.

54 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.6 Tourism ——————————————————————————————————— Challenges: The development of accommodation offer by adding facilities independent of the weather and season will restrict seasonality and as a consequence improve the tourist attractiveness of the region. A particular role will be played by holidays in self contained facilities linked with health, or SPA's. This will facilitate the usage of available tourist spaces outside of the high season. A strong impulse for the development of tourism can be business tourism. A challenge facing the Zachodniopomorskie will be the development of large and permanent conference centres. A necessary condition for the development of tourism is the improvement of communications in the region, and in particular the road, water and air infrastructure.

55 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.7 Maritime economy ———————————————————————————————————

2.9.7. Maritime economy West Pomerania for a number of years has been linked with maritime economy. This traditional specification, developing in the region for tens of years, has been one of the main avenues for regional development, has become a source of turbulence in its economy. The underinvestment’s in the port infrastructure, aging fishing fleet, inadequate accessibility for tankers and in particular the collapse of Stoczna Szczeci ńska Nowa and the associated redundancies attest to the above. The ship building industry in the region is at the moment headed by smaller production and repair ship yards, including Gryfia, Porta Odra, El Ship and Navikon in Szczecin, Morska Stocznia Remontowa in Świnouj ście, Stocznia Darłowo. Despite that in 2004 – 2008 the number of maritime economy entities in the voivodeship increased by 641 units to a level of 2 839, which is in excess of 1.3% of economic entities in the region. As a comparison, this indicator in the Pomorskie Voivodeship is twice as high. 100 ships are registered in the voivodeship with a total deadweight tonnage of 2 294.7 thousand tons including 79 vessels for the carriage of dry cargo, 7 tankers, 11 ferries and 3 passenger ships. Their average age is 20. The region boasts 80% of the quantities potential and almost 90% of the tonnage potential of the Polish transport fleet. One of the more important companies on the maritime economy market in the voivodeship is Polish Steamship Company, the largest Polish shipowner. The company has at its disposal 71 ships of total deadweight tonnage of over 2 million dwt (up to 2015 it is assumed that an investment programme will be implemented for 34 new ships) and carries over 21 million tons of cargo per annum. The main sector of their activities is the shipping of bilk cargo, the company is a market leader with regards to shipping of liquid sulphur. In 2008 in the cargo handling of sea ports in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship was at a level of 18 899.9 thousand tons, which was 38.6% of cargo handling in all Polish ports. That was 7.2% more than last in the previous year. Similarly in the previous years the largest share in the cargo handling went to the ports of Świnouj ście (46,8%) and Szczecin (41,2%). In cargo handling for the needs of Zakłady Chemiczne Police SA, an important role was played by the commercial port in Police. Smaller cargo handling operations are also under way in Kołobrzeg, Darłowo and St ępnica.

56 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.7 Maritime economy ——————————————————————————————————— Figure 33. Cargo handling in chosen ports of the Pomorskie and Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeships according to cargo types in 2008

Total Liquid bulk Dry bulk Containers Rolling, self propelled Rolling, not self propelled Other cargo 18000

16000

14000

12000

10000

8000 thousand tons thousand 6000

4000

2000

0 Gda ńsk Szczecin Świnoujscie Police source: own work based on the "Maritime economy 2008” publication, Statistical Office, Szczecin. In Polish ports in 2008 a decrease of cargo handling was noted, however the decrease in the market only to a limited extent affected the ports in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship. In Szczecin the turnover decreased by 2.8% and in the port of Świnouj ście increased by 19/7% (1.5 million tons) and in Police by over 5.1% (0.1 million tons). In Gda ńsk the decrease in cargo handling was at 14.4%, whereas in Gdynia – 13.4%. Figure 34. Structure of cargo handling according to sea ports in 2008

4,4% 0,3% Gda ńsk 18,1% 35,0% Gdynia Szczecin Świnouj ście 15,9% Police 26,3% Pozostałe

source: Maritime economy in Poland in 2008. Statistical Office in Szczecin.

1 051.1 thousand passengers used the ports in the voivodeship in 2008, which is 39.8% of the national figure. Over 90% were international passengers with 65% travelling to and from . For years and unchallenged leader in the servicing of passenger trade is the port of Świnouj ście. In 2008 825 467 people used it. As a comparison, the port in Gdynia serviced in 383 292 and the port in Gda ńsk 175 133 passengers in that period. After the collapse at the beginning of the first decade of XXI century, the market in passenger carriage in Poland and in the region is experiencing a systematic, but slight revival. As a result of Poland joining the Schengen zone and the abolition of duty free zone sales during sailings in coastal vessels, the passenger sailings from the ports of Trzebie Ŝ and Warpno decreased significantly. Inland shipping is based on the Oder water way and is directly linked to the maritime economy in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship. Since 2006 national cargo inland

57 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.7 Maritime economy ——————————————————————————————————— waterway shipping is steadily increasing. In 2006 it was 773 thousand tons, in 2008 this indicator reached a value of 1 217 thousand tons. Further growth of the sector requires an improvement in the navigability of rivers. Investment expenditures for maritime economy (new facilities and improvement of existing ones) in 2006 and 2007 increased by 89 million PLN, however in 2008 they increased only by 3 million PLN to a level of 323 million PLN. The largest share in the investment expenditures went to Szczecin and Świnouj ście Seaports authority, which implemented investments in port infrastructure for the Zachodniopomorskie Logistical Centre, container terminal and cargo handling infrastructure on the Półwysep Katowice. The voivodeship actively takes part in the process of preparing strategies solutions and concepts of an integrated maritime policy for sustainable development of the Baltic Sea and the adjacent regions. This aim is to be achieved as a result of cooperation of countries and regions and implementation of priorities of the European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea 2009 encompassing environmental protection, welfare, accessibility and attractiveness and safety. During recent years the number of economic entities in the fishing industry is dropping, even though Polish sea regional are rich in fish. Fishing plays a role in the reactivation of local and regional economy. In 2005 there were 744 entities of the national economy in this sector. Most companies are small, employing a few people. In 2005, those private individuals conducting business activities owned 544 enterprises in this sector, in 2007 this number decreased by 31. This could have been influenced by a programme of scrapping fishing boats, which guaranteed benefits to fishermen who scrapped their vessels. At the same time a programme of balancing the fishing industry for 2007-2013 assumes the support of initiatives which aim to preserve the balance between sea and inland waterway resources and the fishing capacity of the Polish sea fleet, including the adaptation and modernisation of vessels, improvement in port quality reactivation of the local population. Szczecin as one of only two cities in Poland hosts a university with a maritime profile and only at the local Maritime Academy the subject inland shipping is taught. In the academic year 2008/2009 the Maritime Academy had 3 417 students, 60 more than in the previous year. Maritime subjects can also be studied at University of Szczecin (US) and Zachodniopomorskie Technological University (ZUT), particularly in the Sea Science Institute at the Earth Sciences Institute (US) and at the Maritime Technical Faculty and Fishing and Food Science Faculty (ZUT)

Challenges: The development of the maritime economy of the region should be undertaken in collaboration with the creations of the Central European Transport Corridor CETC-ROUTE65 as a key mechanism for improving accessibility and competitiveness of the voivodeship. This will entail modernizing ports through investments and changes to the organizational and legal structures. The biggest challenge is the construction of the external port with a LNG gas terminal in Świnouj ście. The creations of the gas terminal is essential for the servicing of specialist ships (i.e. LNG tankers) shipping liquid natural gas. Its construction is linked with the government’s policy of diversifying the supply of energy natural resources to Poland. The location of such a large investment will aid the economic development of Świnouj ście and the region. A modern facility with a strategic significance will increase the city's status also on an international stage. This will be an incentive for locating further capital. A key significance for the economic situation of the region is the solidifying of the position of the port complex Szczecin – Świnouj ście. It is also important to dynamically develop small sea ports on the coast and an upgrade of the water way Szczecin – Świnouj ście which will balance the port’s transport system of the Odra estuary and improve their competitiveness.

58 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 9.7 Maritime economy ——————————————————————————————————— The opportunity to re-activate the inhabitants of the areas where fishing activity is or was conducted is in the hands of partnerships operating in accordance to the formula of local fishing groups and implementing successive strategies for the development of fishing areas.

59 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 10. Innovativeness ——————————————————————————————————— 2.10. Innovativeness The Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship does not boast the top positions in terms of the level of innovativeness. The foundation of the regional innovative potential is constituted by public higher schools. In the region, there are no institutions of the Polish Academy of Sciences or research-development units. Enterprises most frequently take advantage of the transferred solutions tested in the Western countries or in different regions of Poland through the purchase of machine, devices and ready technologies. The infrastructural milieu of the innovation-related activity in the , similarly to that in other regions of Poland, is only being created and adjusted to the standards of the EU. Cooperation of business with the R&D sector in the region does not have a strategic character, which would be oriented on a long- term development of innovations. Pro-innovative projects in the region are mainly bottom-top initiatives, implemented in a non-coordinated manner by institutions and individuals involved in the development of innovativeness. In this manner, many enterprises relevant to the targets of the „Regional Strategy of Innovativeness in the Zachodniopomorskie province”, formulated in 2005, transferring into the regional level the targets of the Lisbon Strategy, referring to innovativeness, were implemented. Numerous conferences, training events and workshops were organized, post-graduation studies, as well as practice for students in enterprises, were made available; promotional activities also were taking place. Research infrastructure serving the needs of companies was being developed; centers of technology transfer as well as cluster initiatives were created and developed, initial works in the field of regional foresight, research of the innovation-related needs of entrepreneurs, knowledge in the field of innovation- financing instruments was gathered, international cooperation fairs were organized. The development of HR and institutional infrastructure resulting from these activities in the voivodeship is, however, insufficient. Deficit of specialists such as technology brokers, cluster animators and project evaluators in the field of risk capital is still perceptible. Educating them was not an aim of any of the regional projects of HR development. There is a pronounced decrease trend in the level of the corporate expenses on innovative activity. In the year 2008, they amounted to 395,917,000 PLN in the region, while in 2004 they were nearly two-times higher. It constituted 1.5% of the total innovation expenditure in the entire country. In terms of research and development, companies in the region assigned 3.5% of their expenditure on innovative activities, while the mean value for the country amounted to 9.4%. In the period 2004-2008, the expenses of Zachodniopomorskie companies on innovative activity fell nearly two-fold to the level of 395,917,000 PLN, reaching the level of 1.5% of the total expenditure in the entire country. In terms of research and development, companies in the region assigned 3.5% of their expenditure on innovative activities, while the mean value for the country amounted to 9.4%

60 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 10. Innovativeness ——————————————————————————————————— Figure 35. Total expenditure on research-development activity in the year 2008 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 3 322,1 1 500 PLN million PLN 1 000

500 895,3 611,5 609,2 457,4 424,7 398,2 239,9 177,4 129,4 125,2 92,2 80,5 74,7 40,4 28,2 0

ie ie ie e e k k k kie c skie skie skie skie skie skie e l ls ą ą lskie ackie r rski r l i l l e p w po ś ś łódz mors r mo o o lub a o krzyski opo lubuskie p to podlaskie małopo iop ę -mazu mazo wielk dolno podk wi dn ś sko o ń jawsko-pomoch ku za warmi source: own work based on of the RDB CSO data.

Figure 36. Expenditure on research and development in the Polish zloty per capita and in the enterprise sector in millions of PLN in the year 2008

Total R&D expenditures per 1 inhabitant R&D expenditure in companies 700 1 200 600 1 000 500 800 400 600 300 400 200 100 200

0 0 expenditureR&D in companies Total expenditures R&D per 1 inhabitant ie e e e e kie kie ki ki ki s zk s ski lskie ckie s ls s ieckie lą lą e rskie yskie a o u pol łód ś ś pa o z p o ub o lub ko l kar podl ałopolskie pomorskie d tokr -mazurskie m el o ę mazow wi doln p wi ś sko ń chodniopom za kujawsko-pomorskie warmi source: own work based on the RDB CSO data.

In the year 2008, employment in the R&D for 1,000 professionally active people reached 3.1%, which gives the region the ninth position in the country. A similar position is that in terms of a number of research-development institutions, expenditure on innovative activity in the industry, a number of domestic inventions of which the Patent Office was notified, a number of applications for financial aid for investments and a number of mid-high and high technology companies. In the year 2008, the inventions and utility models of which the Patent Office was notified, obtained patents and granted protection rights constituted 3.3% of their overall number. The sale of new and modernized products in Poland in the recent years has amounted to 14.7% of the total sale, and in the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship this ratio was 8.1%; what attracts attention, is the high ratio of the participation of new and modernized products in the total export. In the province, this ratio amounted to more than 70%, while the mean value for the country was at the level of 40%. It may indicate a substantial proportion of the

61 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 10. Innovativeness ——————————————————————————————————— licensed production purchased by the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship companies and financed by foreign capital, investing in the province. Partnership in the field of innovation is still insufficiently developed. Mechanisms of information and cooperation in terms of the operating of technology transfer, entrepreneurship support and innovativeness are not adjusted to the market needs. A low level of involvement of the institutions of business environment in providing services in the field of technology transfer and small participation of public authorities in strengthening of the potential of support institutions. In the region, there are between 10 and 20 institutions of business environment in the field of innovativeness. The largest and oldest one of them is, employing approximately 20 people, Regional Centre of Innovations and Technology Transfer in Szczecin (RCI&TT), which functions as the unit of the Zachodniopomorskie University of Technology. It belongs, similarly to Polish Entrepreneurship Foundation, to the National Innovation Network (NIN). Moreover, the RCI&TT along with the Zachodniopomorskie Economic Development Association conducts the Zachodniopomorskie Centre of Enterprise Europe Network as an element of European network of innovation relay centers. Since May 2008, the Regional Council of Economy, Innovation and Technology, consisting of the representatives of science, entrepreneurs and business support institutions, and being an advisory body to the Voivodeship Executive Board in the field of planned and current pro-innovative enterprises, has been functioning. Challenges: the level of innovativeness of the voivodeship should be regarded as a threat to the future economic position of the region. Without raising it, enterprises will not be able to participate in knowledge-based economy in the future. An opportunity of development of the innovative companies sector in the region are investment plans for science and technology parks in Szczecin and Koszalin. Implementing these enterprises should provide companies with necessary grounds, facilities and specialist services. As part of the implementation of „Regional Strategy of Innovativeness for the Zachodniopomorskie Province”, it is necessary to strengthen the research areas, strategic for the region. A system of identification of technological and innovation-related needs of SMEs should be created, and so should be a regional system of multi-directional transfer and commercialization of technology and innovative solutions. Increasing innovative awareness of SME and creating in the region a permanent cooperation platform between R&D sector and economy, including effective information system and a system of matching supply and demand for the R&D services, is necessary. Zachodniopomorskie scientific staff and the innovative enterprises of the voivodeship should strive to create common centers of innovation and R&D centers, making it possible to take advantage of opportunities and strengths of the economy and science of the region. First and foremost: - regional foresight, making it possible to identify the strategic directions of development of the region upon the basis of cooperation with the scientific circles, should be conducted, - network structures (including clusters), accelerating technology transfer, should be created, - the infrastructure of innovativeness support, including science and technology parks and the tools of financing of innovation-related processes (seed capital and venture capital funds), needs to be created. The risk factor may be a dependence of innovative enterprises on the auxiliary programmes of the EU, which are often accompanied by the elaborate procedures.

62 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 11. Science ——————————————————————————————————— 2.11. Science In the region, there are 22 further education establishments. The largest are the University of Szczecin, the Zachodniopomorskie University of Technology, Pomeranian Medical University (former Pomeranian Academy of Medicine), Maritime Academy, the Koszalin University of Technology and Zachodniopomorskie Business School. Scientific staff employed at the universities in the voivodeship in the academic year 2007/2008 consisted of 4,199 academic teachers, including 2,004 people with Ph.D. degree, 481 with the degree of associate professor and 970 with the title of professor. In 2008, 178 Ph.D. degrees were awarded, mainly in technical sciences (among others, 17 in the field of construction and use of machines, 14 in the field of computer science and 11 in the field of chemical technology) and in medical sciences (38 in the field of medicine and 9 in biological medicine). The degree of associate professor was obtained by 39 people, including as many as 17 people at Pomeranian Medical Academy, Agricultural Academy in Szczecin (7 people), and by people at technical higher schools (6 people). A large number of students does not correspond to the number of Ph.D. students in the other voivodeships. The Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is in the group of the 7 voivodeships ( Świ ętokrzyskie, Lubuskie, Warmi ńsko-Mazurskie, Podkarpackie Opolskie and Podlaskie) with the smallest number of Ph.D. students. In 2004, 1,027 people were studying on post-graduate studies, and in 2008 their number amounted to 938. An insignificant majority is constituted by the Ph.D. graduates of the University of Szczecin (333 people, in comparison to 302 at technical higher schools, 160 at Agricultural Academy in Szczecin and 143 at Pomeranian Medical Academy). From among 34 faculties of Zachodniopomorskie higher schools, which were subjected to parametric assessment in 2006, 8 were included into the highest category: Faculty of Medicine of Pomeranian Medical Academy, Faculties of Electronics and Technology and Chemical Engineering of the then Szczecin Polytechnics, the Faculty of Food Science and Fishing and Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry of the then Agricultural Academy, Faculties of Management and Service Economy and the Faculty of Theology of the University of Szczecin. A parametric assessment is conducted in three different ranges. In terms of scientific activity, measured among others by participation in research projects, possession of accredited laboratories and implementing quality systems, the greatest number of points was awarded to the Faculty of Medicine of PMA, the Faculty of the Environment Formation and Agriculture of then Agricultural Academy and the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Szczecin. The results of scientific activity, i.e. among others the authorship of publications, scientific monographies, academic course books was also assessed highest at the faculty of Humanities of the University of Szczecin and the Faculty of Technology and Chemical engineering of the Szczecin Polytechnics. The most active in the field of practical applications of scientific achievements, new technologies, patented inventions and sale of licenses were the faculties of the Szczecin University of Technology: Technology and Chemical Engineering and Engineering, as well as the Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management of the University of Szczecin. Scientific-research branches received high support for infrastructure development. Within the framework of 1.3. Regional Social Infrastructure of the IRODP 2004-2006 programme, 19 projects in the voivodeship received financial aid. From among all the initiatives, as many as 14 were those of the higher schools in the region. For the obtained funds, the Koszalin University of Technology set up the central laboratory of the Faculty of Electronics and Computer Science. It was the initiative of Agricultural Academy in Szczecin that the Training and Research Centre in the Field of Renewable Energy in Ostoja be built. Szczecin university of Technology conducted the project: Multimedia Centre of Public Patent and Normalization Information Management.

63 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 11. Science ———————————————————————————————————

In the period of 2003-2006, Zachodniopomorskie universities and research centers participated in the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Communities in the field of research, technological development and implementations, contributing to the creation of the European Research Space. 30 research teams in the voivodeship received grants of the total value of 3.88 million Euros, which constituted merely 1.79% of the sum of grants obtained by all Polish voivodeships. In the Seventh Framework Programme, initiated in 2007, 7 projects from the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship were accepted for implementation. Zachodniopomorskie higher schools are also taking action in the framework of the European Territorial Cooperation. In the period of 2007-2013, 15 projects altogether are being implemented with the participation of foreign partners in the framework of programmes: the South Baltic, the Region of the Baltic Sea, Trans-border Cooperation of the Countries: Mecklenburg-/Brandenburg/Zachodniopomorskie Province, and Interreg IV C.

Challenges: for further development of the scientific potential of the region, it is necessary, among others, to open new majors, more compatible with the needs of the economy and society. Technical majors, in particular those related to production and processing, need especially to be promoted. What should also be supported is setting up and development of scientific-research units, related to broadly understood innovativeness. It is important that actions aiming at the intensification of connections between economy and science be taken. Another aim ought to be systematization and unification of the knowledge of resources, needs and offer of science in the regions of the Oder Partnership and building a network of cooperation of scientific centers in the region of the Polish-German borderland and the Baltic Sea. A result of this kind of cooperation should be strengthening of innovativeness of the regions leading to building knowledge-based economy. Such a vision is entirely compatible both with the developmental strategies of all the regions of the Oder Partnership and the Lisbon Strategy.

64 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 12. Information Society

2.12. Information society

Access to the Internet services is provided in the voivodeship by nationwide telecommunication operators by means of cable technology and by mobile phone operators. A major position is also that of local telecommunication operators. Access to the Internet in the cities is provided among others by cable TV operators. The most important Internet provider in the area of the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is still Telekomunikacja Polska S.A., the market share of which is approximately 65% of households with Internet access. Only 12% of phone lines (so-called main) are on the rural areas. The density of the network on the rural areas is 104 lines on 1 000 people, whilst the level for cities is 344 and in the entire voivodeship 268. More than half of the people at the age of at least 16 years living within the area of the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship has access to Internet. The same number of people declare using a computer. There are, however, substantial disproportions between the urban and rural areas in terms of the availability of telecommunications services in the province. The main obstacle for making the computer use and the Internet more common is lack of motivation of the inhabitants of the region. Some of them do not use the Internet even though they have access to it in the household. For 8% of the inhabitants of the province, Lack of financial means is a problem, approximately 4% of the inhabitants do not have skills relevant to use of information technologies. In the first quarter of 2010, upon the commission of the Zachodniopomorskie province, inventory of the current state of broadband infrastructure in the region for the needs of the Project of construction of the Zachodniopomorskie Teleinformation Network (WPTN) was completed. One of the results of the inventory was selecting the areas in danger of digital exclusion by classifying separate towns and cities in the voivodeship into white, grey and black areas (BSC) 9. One third of all of the towns and villages in the voivodeship was classified as located on the areas in danger of digital exclusion. In vast majority, these are areas inhabited by less than 6% of the population of the province. The completed inventory also made it possible to identify 2012 towns and villages (67% of the total number), which have access to Internet with the data flow capacity of no more than 2Mbit/s and access infrastructure belonging to one telecommunication operator only. The results of the research also showed the distribution of so-called „white spots”, namely the areas on which there is no access to the Internet. The largest number of such areas was observed in the communes located in south-east part of the province. .

9 „ white ” areas – the areas on which there is no existing cable infrastructure of the broadband access and no telecommunications entrepreneur is planning investments into such an infrastructure on such an area, „grey ” areas – the areas on which there is an existing cable infrastructure of the broadband access of one telecommunication entrepreneur (on such an area the Internet access services may be provided by several telecommunication entrepreneurs, however, there is not infrastructure-based competition), „black ” areas – the areas on which there is a cable infrastructure of the broadband access of at least two telecommunication entrepreneurs, and the broadband access services are provided in the conditions of competition (infrastructure-based competition).

65 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 12. Information Society

Map 3. Areas with the highest and lowest levels of activity of last mile operators (number of active operators of access networks in the commune)

source: own work. In the area of 33% of the voivodeship communes, access to Internet services are provided by no more than two telecommunication enterprises. On the remaining area, particularly in the vicinity of the largest cities, there is more competition. The level of computerisation of the voivodeship schools is high in the comparison with the entire country. On average, one educational institution has 19 computer work stations, 16 of which are connected to the Internet.

66 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 12. Information Society

Figure 37. Selected characteristics of the computerisation of schools* in the province, including the comparison with other voivodeships in the year 2008 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 PC for the use by 18 students

PC with internet 21 connection

computer rooms 1,15

computers in 24 school

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Position in the voivodeship ranking average per 1 school * (primary schools for children and teenagers, gimnasium for children, teenagers and adults, excluding special schools) source: own work based on the RDB CSO data. The computerisation level of the enterprises in the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship and application level of information technologies in business activity is relatively high. In comparison with the entire country, the region is the leader, among others, in companies’ broadband Internet access, existence of the Intranet networks or a number of people using computer at work. It is also a leader in the field of placing orders via the Internet by companies. Figure 38. Selected characteristics of the computerisation of voivodeship enterprises, including the comparison with other voivodeships on the year 2008

source: own work on the basis of the GUS data in the publications: Information society in Poland ; Warsaw, 2008. In the past, activities aiming at the computerisation of the region gained financial aid from the IRODP fund within the framework of Action 1.5 Infrastructure of information society of IRODP. In the entire province, 16 projects of the total value of 25.5 million PLN were partly financed. „Strategy of the Construction of Information Society in the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship for the years 2006-2015” was developed. Since the year 2007, Zachodniopomorskie Information Society Council has been functioning. Its task is to, among others, the popularization of the idea of information society by supporting the development of

67 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 12. Information Society knowledge-based economy and also issuing expert assessments of projects aiming at the development of information society as well as recommending such projects.

Challenges: work on the construction of local government IT infrastructure of the broadband Internet access based upon the concept of the Zachodniopomorskie IT Network should be conducted. The construction of this network should take place with the participation of the means from the Regional Operational Programme – Action 3.1. At the same time, the construction of a partnership network of the stakeholders of information society, acting together and in synergy for the innovative e-development of the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship ought to be commenced. Implementation of WPTN, mainly based upon optical fiber technologies, is to encourage the prevention of digital exclusion, creating specific- purpose mission networks, be an impulse for innovativeness and development of knowledge- based economy and improve offers of broadband Internet access for the inhabitants of the region.

68 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 13. Transport

2.13. Transport Access to the Baltic Sea, the Oder route, international network of motorways and air and railway connections determine the transport importance of the region. In the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, international and national transport routes of the NS and EW orientation cross. The agglomeration of Szczecin is a hub at which road, railway, water and air connections cross. Upon the basis of them, transit of goods between the south of Europe and the countries of the basin of the Baltic Sea takes place.

2.13.1. Road infrastructure

The area of the Voivodeship is crossed by the trunk roads numbered: 3 (E65), A-6 and 6 (E28), 10, 11, 13, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 31, 37, 93 and S3 now under construction. A majority of Voivodeship , District and commune roads require modernization and rebuilding both due to a bad condition of surfaces and technical parameters. The neglect that they have suffered so far resulting from the lack of funds for major repair works, building ring roads and collision-free crossroads on the routes with intensive traffic have led to forming a so-called bottleneck in the road network. They have a substantial influence upon the access to and attractiveness of economic, administrative and tourism centers, as well as sea havens in the region. A substantial improvement will take place when the trunk road S3 in its new location is made available, western bypass of Szczecin and tunnel between the islands Uznam and Wolin in Świnouj ście. The highest density of trunk roads is observed in the area adjacent to the border, but they do not provide a fully convenient connection of the region with the rest of the country.

Map 1. Time-related access to the Voivodeship capitals by roads in 2008

source: authors; T. Komornicki and P. Śleszy ński (Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization of the Polish Academy of Science).

69 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 13. Transport

The main city centers of the region (Szczecin, Koszalin, Świnouj ście, Kołobrzeg, Stargard Szczeci ński, Wałcz and Szczecinek) are situated near the Voivodeship border, which results in the limited access to them from the central area of the region. Central and south- west part of the region is located outside the area within an hour distance by motorways to the 7 main urban centers. The area of limited access covers as much as 30% area of the Voivodeship and is inhabited by approximately 12% of the population of the Voivodeship. Moreover, the areas adjacent to the border are under influence of the cities located in the neighbouring Voivodeship s (Gorzów Wielkopolski, Słupsk and Piła). Traffic on the roads of Voivodeship is slightly lower than the mean for the country, whilst it stands out due to its high dynamics and irregularity throughout the year. More and more Voivodeship, but also District and commune, particularly in the areas adjacent to the sea, are burdened with intensive transit and tourist movement, especially in the summer seasons and during the weekends. On many parts of the roads, there is a higher intensity of traffic than on the trunk roads in the Voivodeship, in spite of their insufficient technical parameters, including the load capacity not exceeding 80 kN/axis. In comparison with the rest of the country, the density ratio of public roads is significantly lower. In 2008, it amounted to 57.5 km/100 km 2 in comparison with 83.5 km/100 km 2 for Poland. The length of the hard-surface roads altogether in the Voivodeship s amounted to 13,175.3 km. A very important agent is the development of the axis of CETC. This initiative is to facilitate the effective formation of Multi-mode chains of logistics and transport in the European arrangement, from the Baltic to Adriatic, and further in the future to the Black and Aegean Sea. CETC helps promote environmentally-friendly transport and the development of combined, multimode and inter-mode transport.

2.13.2. Railway infrastructure

Railway lines with the over-regional and regional cross the area of the region; the most important of them are: − E-59 (AGC) Świnouj ście - Pozna ń - Wrocław with a branch to Szczecin Główny − C-E59 (AGTC) Świnouj ście - Kostrzy ń - Wrocław with a branch in the Direction of Szczecin Main Railway Station and Central Port − 202 Gda ńsk Główny - Gdynia - Koszalin - Stargard Szczeci ński − 210 - Szczecinek - Runowo Pomorskie − 402 Koszalin - Goleniów − 403 Piła - Wałcz, Pomorski - Ulikowo − 404 Pozna ń - Piła - Szczecinek - Białogard - Kołobrzeg

The density ratio of the railway network for 100 km², amounting to 5.3 km/100 km², is only slightly lower than the value for the country, which in 2008 was 6.5 km/100 km². The condition of the railway lines is generally bad and they require modernization. In many places, speed limit to 40 km/h due to safety considerations is applied. Technical condition and use of narrow-gauge railway lines are bad. In the years 2005-2008, an increase in passenger transport in the regional railway transport was observed. Number of travelers in that period increased by 1.5 million of people and currently amounts to approximately 8.5 million of per year. By the end of 2008, railway companies had gone reorganization. Part of the PKP company responsible for regional transport (PKP Przewozy Regionalne) was placed under the management by the provincial local governments.

70 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 13. Transport

In January 2010, thanks to the means from Regional Operational Programme of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, ten modern rail buses with internal combustion engines were purchased. The total value of the project was 150,153,940 PLN. The purchased rolling stock will be mainly used on the route: Szczecin-Goleniów-Kołobrzeg-Koszalin; Szczecin- Szczecinek- Chojnice; Szczecin-Wałcz-Piła. Between Szczecin and Berlin, there are nine trains running in each direction, including two pairs of trains which are direct; in case of the other ones, it is necessary to change at Angermünde or , and the connections of the either side of the border are correlated. A challenge for the activation of train connections with Germany is, above all, constituted by the improvement of the condition of tracks on Polish leg of the route, particularly the leg between Szczecin-Gumie ńce station to the state border. The cost of the investment is estimated to amount to approximately 20 million Euro. Shortening the time of journey to 1 h requires introducing a direct connection with stops at small stations. It is also necessary to solve the problem of electrification of the line on the both sides of the border and introducing on it trains with two-system engines, functioning in varied power supply system in both of the countries. Modernization of the railway line Szczecin – Berlin is very important in the perspective of the opening an international airport Berlin-Brandenburg-International (BBI) scheduled for the year 2011. Activation of the railway connection between Świnouj ście and Berlin, functioning before the Second World War, is also being prepared. To implement this project, rebuilding the bridge in Karnin connecting the mainland and the island of Uznam is of crucial importance.

2.13.3. Air transport

The airport Szczecin-Goleniów is the only one in the region belonging to the essential airport network in the country. It is fully adjusted for operating civil passenger and cargo transport and according to the requirements of ICAO. From the airport Szczecin-Goleniów, planes depart for: Dublin, London, Oslo, Warsaw and Cracow (regular lines) and Bulgaria, Tunisia, Egypt, Greece and Turkey (chartered flights). In connection with the forecast growth in demand for air services in Poland, it will become necessary to extend the airport network, particularly upon the basis of the existing airport infrastructure, including ex-military and sport-service airports. In the year 2006, passenger traffic ratio in the airport Szczecin-Goleniów constituted 1.18% of the passenger traffic in Poland, and in 2008 this ratio was 1.46%. A number of passengers increased from 182,524 in 2006 to 302,452 passengers in 2008, and utilization rate of the airport amounts to 35% 10 . As part of the development of airport infrastructure in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, re-activating of the airport in Zgierz Pomorski near Koszalin is planned. Completing this investment is dependent upon earlier preparation of the necessary analysis, which will confirm the economic justifiability of this project. In Szczecin, there is a civil airport D ąbie with grass surface, which is an air rescue and the Szczecin Aeroclub base. In the Voivodeship , there are also ex-military airports (including ex-Soviet ones), among others: Płoty, Dziwnów, Zegrze Pomorskie, Borne Sulinowo, Kluczewo, , Bagicz and Wilcze Laski. These facilities are generally significantly derelict. Military airports which are still in use are those in Świdwin, Mirosławiec, Darłowo and Oleszno.

10 Data of the Civil Aviation Office

71 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 13. Transport

2.13.4. Water transport

In the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, there are four sea commercial ports (in Szczecin, Świnouj ście, Kołobrzeg and Police) and 10 small fishing ports and 13 fishing harbours. In 2008, sea ports in the Voivodeship served international passenger traffic at the level of 486,599 arrivals and 483,913 departures, whilst domestic traffic amounted to 43,744 arrivals and 43,689 departures. The participation of the region in the passenger ferry traffic amounts to approximately 63%, whilst in cargo traffic – 38%. The region has a convenient system of inland water road, connecting the ports of the mouth of the Oder River and the countries of the European Union, particularly with Germany. The current state of the hydro technical development of the water road between Szczecin and Kostrzy ń does not, however, make it possible to utilize its transport capacity in full.

Challenges: support for extension and modernization of the regional transport infrastructure is of decisive importance for the inclusion of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in the development processes of the country. Its current state is insufficient and shows substantial disproportions in spatial location. Existing deficits substantially limit the role of the Voivodeship as a partner in the development of borderlands and providing services for the agglomeration of Berlin and „bridge” to the countries of the basin of the Baltic Sea, south Europe and . Improving access to local sea and river ports will make it possible to increase their economic importance and will contribute to the diversification of their function (e.g. for tourism). Transport connection of Szczecin and Koszalin as two centers of the importance extending regional scale, their connection compatibility with the region, as well as creating a convenient road system along the coast of the Baltic Sea and the western border of Poland also matter. In order to improve the transport access to the tourist and health resort areas, it is important to support local road investments (District and commune roads) and modernize the existing road infrastructure and develop railway connections, including narrow-gauge railway. A group of priority road connections should also include roads improving transport access to the touristic areas and health resorts, particularly to the areas adjacent to the Baltic Sea (trunk roads no. 3, 6, 10 and 11, Voivodeship roads: no. 109, leg: Płoty – Trzebiatów, no. 102, leg: Mi ędzyzdroje – Kołobrzeg, no. 107, leg: Dziwnówek – Parłówko, no. 203, leg: Koszalin – Postomino). Voivodeship roads no. 163 (Kołobrzeg – Wałcz) and no. 178, crossing the Voivodeship north-south, are important for the development of road network. It also applies to Voivodeship roads no. 162 (Ro ści ęcino – Świdwin), no. 151 ( Świdwin – Barlinek) and no. 156 (Lipiany – Barlinek). A crucial role in the transport system of the Voivodeship will be that of the western ring road of Szczecin, connecting the A6 (area of Kołbaskowo) with the west and north districts of Szczecin and Police, including the bridge on the River Oder (Police – Świ ęta). This investment will improve transport access to the Airport Szczecin-Goleniów. A decision to entirely modernize by the year 2020 railway line, connecting Szczecin and Wrocław, through Kostrzy ń and Zibeline Góra, has been taken. After the completion of the works, train speed will be significantly increased – passenger trains to 160 km/h, and goods trains to 120 km/h). Simultaneously, it will shorten the journey time to on the entire line and will make it possible to use trains of the length of even as much as 750 m. In the next 5 years, a comprehensive modernization of railway line no. 351 Pozna ń – Szczecin, constituting a leg of cross-border connection E59 from Scandinavia to the south of Europe, which will make it possible to increase maximum speed of passenger trains to 200

72 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 13. Transport km/h on this leg. Within the framework of the activities related to ROP-EW 2007-2013, it is forecast that railway lines no. 402 and 403 will be modernized, and that modern rolling stock for regional connections will be purchased. One-direction railway lines no. 202 and 404, the capacity of which is slowly reaching its limits, require modernization. Their parameters limit the possibility of drawing up an effective train timetable, ensuring efficient and quick meeting of transport needs of the inhabitants of the Voivodeship. A major challenge is restoring railway connections to towns and villages in south-east part of the Voivodeship.

73 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 14. Energy

2.1.4 Energy

2.14.1 Generation of electricity and heat. The production of energy in 2008 was at a level of 8 214.7 GWh and increasing in comparison to the year 2000 by 11.7%. The energy consumption decreased in the voivodeship from 5 025 GWh in 2001 to 4 780 GWh in 2003 and subsequently increased to 5 510 GWh in 2008. In the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship the generation of energy exceeds its consumption. In 2008 this surplus was 2 704.7 GWh.

Map 5. Heat and electricity generation and the largest power stations in Poland in 2004

source: http://www.wiking.edu.pl/article

The largest electricity and heat producers in the voivodeship are PGE Zespół Elektrowni Dolna Odra S.A. in Nowy Czarnów (and its subsidiaries: Elektrownia Dolna Odra in Nowy Czarnów and two power plants in Szczecin – Pomorzany and Szczecin), as well as Miejska Energetyka Cieplna Sp. z o.o. in Koszalin. In the voivodeship electricity transport is undertaken by PSE-Operator S.A., whereas it is distributed by ENERGA S.A. and ENEA S.A. The largest industrial consumers of electricity in the voivodeship are Zakłady Chemiczne „Police” S.A. and Kronospan Szczecinek Sp. z o.o. The energy grid in rural areas in often out of date which does not guarantee a constant supply to rural consumers. The majority of the grit network was created at the beginning of the 50’s which means that the quality (also the distribution devices) is unsatisfactory.

74 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 14. Energy

Furthermore this is a barrier for the development of micro power plants, green fuel including power plants. Szczecin only has one HVL of 400kV and a shortage of 220kV power lines. Heat activities in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship are carried out by 49 companies, including 26 which generate heat and 23 11 which transport and distribute it. The largest consumers of heat are communal companies, housing associations and communes. In 2008, 82.2% of all dwellings were equipped with central heating facilities (national figure 78%).

2.14.2. Gas network Transmission of gas in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is done by Operator Gazoci ągów Przesyłowych GAZ SYSTEM S.A. whereas its distribution by Wielkopolski Operator Systemu Dystrybucyjnego Sp. z o.o.. Gas is also supplied by these companies: G.EN.-GAZ Energia S.A. as well as KRI S.A. The main industrial consumer of natural gas from the industrial network is the Zakłady Chemiczne „Police” S.A. The consumers receive highmethane gas which is imported and locally nitrogenised from regional beds. Gas consumption in domestic households in the voivodeship in 2004 was 217.3 hm 3 and in 2008 increased to 234.4 hm 3. In 1999-2008 the length of the gas network in the voivodeship increased by 2 952.2 km (i.e.: by 90.7%) from 3 253.2 km to 6 205.4 km. At the same time the number of gas consumers increased from 329.1 thousand to 363. 5 thousand (by about 10%) This means that the connection of one additional gas consumer entailed the necessity to build an average of 86 meters of gas network. On average for Poland this indicator is 92 meters. This shows particularly for rural areas the high cost of the marginal user. The accessibility to the gas transport infrastructure (mainly in small cities and rural areas) is still insufficient and requires investments in order to balance the levels across the voivodeship. In the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship a large investment is implemented with a key significance for Polish energy – LNG gas terminal in Świnouj ście. Projects are continuing regarding the Baltic Pipe, which will deliver gas to Poland from Norway. These enterprises increase the certainty of supply for the whole country as well as the region. Furthermore on the voivodeship scale investments are necessary to improve the state of the infrastructure (pumping stations and transport pipelines) and those diversifying the sources of fuel. Due to the low cost of transport from newly build supply depots (Gasport, Baltic Pipe, Bernau- Szczecin) to the end users, in the whole of Poland and in particular Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship an intensive development of the gas network will ensue.

2.14.3 Renewable energy sources Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is the national leader in wind energy production. In the coastal belt and in the vicinity the best wing conditions in Poland are present. 6 out of 10 Polish largest wind farms are located in the region: Kar ścino-Mołotowo ( 90 MW), Tymie ń (50 MW), Jagni ątkowo (30,6 MW), Zagórze (30 MW) and Cisowo (18 MW). A constant and high interest from investors in the building of wing farms is present. Up to date over 30 agreements have been signed to connect wind farms with a total capacity of 700 MW. The largest wind farm in Poland is in the pipeline (with a target capacity of 260 MW) in Banice- Kozielice and the location in Darłowo of seven farms with a total capacity of 180 MW.

11 Source: URE Bulletin 03/2009

75 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 14. Energy

Map 6. Wind map of Poland

source: www.delgreen.pl

There are about 320 furnaces incinerating biomass in Poland. The largest producer of energy from biomass is PGE Zespół Elektrowni Dolna Odra S.A. which made use of 24.5 thousand tons of biomass in 2008 (in the Elektrownia Dolna Odra – 218.9 thousand tons, Elektrownia Szczecin 26.5 thousand tons). The combined energy generated from biomass in PGE Zespół Elektrowni Dolna Odra S.A. in 2008 was 248.7 GWh (about 3.8% of its total generation). Geothermal energy is used for heating by two companies. The capacity of heat generating plant “Geotermia Pyrzyce” Sp. z o.o is 54.8 MW whereas Przedsi ębiorstwo Usług Ciepłowniczych „Geotermia Stargard” Sp. z o.o. has 14MW at its disposal. About 70 hydro power stations are in use with a total capacity of 12.7 MW. The most active facilities re in the following districts: Łobeski (13), Koszaliński (9), Gryficki (9), Stargardzki (7) and My śliborski (6). Production of energy from renewable sources in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in 2008 was 493 GWh which is 6% of the total energy production from all sources, out of which 21% is from water sources. In this respect the voivodeship is in 3rd place in the country. According to 2008 data the total production capacity is at 7.1% of the total power generation capacity of Poland. In this respect the voivodeship is in 6th place in the country. The Ministry of Economy document entitled "Polish energy policy up to 2030” forecasts the increase in the gross demand for electricity in the country from about 151 TWh in 2006 to 152.8 TWh in 2010 and 217.4 TWh in 2030. Therefore new generation plants are in the pipeline in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, which are modern and high capacity and efficiency (cogeneration, renewable energy sources) with a minimal impact on the environment.

76 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 14. Energy

New investments will significantly influence the energy generation from renewable sources. New wind farms are in the pipeline. In Elektrownia Szczecin a modern fluid bed furnace will be constructed for the incineration of biomass with a power capacity of 68 MW, which will use abbot 700 thousand tons of fuel per year and replace the worn out facilities which use coal. The large demand for biomass in the voivodeship will be contribute to the development of wastelands and consequently a reactivation of rural areas. A programme has been developed in the voivodeship „Zało Ŝenia do programu energetyki odnawialnej w oparciu o surowce odnawialne energii, wody i wiatru”. As part of the Regional Operational Programme for 2007 – 2013 enterprises will be co-financed which will improve the accessibility to electricity and gas infrastructure in areas which experience shortages? Support will also be available for investments developing and modernising local distribution networks, energy and gas, improving accessibility to energy for inhabitants of areas with a low gas and electricity availability indicator. For these activities ROP has earmarked 14.9 million Euro. The development and modernisation of electro power networks facilitating the connection of units generating electricity from renewable sources. To support investments associated with generating power from renewable sources and the improvement of energy efficiency an amount of 21 million euro has been earmarked.

Challenges: The accessibility to the gas and electricity transport infrastructure (mainly in small cities and rural areas) is still insufficient and requires investments in order to balance the levels across the voivodeship. The support for modernisation and development of generation and distribution systems is essential. Solutions in cogeneration should be preferred as well as a greater use of renewable energy sources. The existing HVL in the of Szczecin, in the coastal belt and the south-east part of the voivodeship require significant development and modernisation of 110 kV power lines. An improvement in the reliability of energy supply is also essential as well as planned development of high capacity wind farms (near Choszczno, , My ślibórz, D ębno, Barlinek, Krz ęcin, Świnouj ście, Niechorze, , ) The improvement of energy infrastructure aims to ensure a higher level of services for the local population, lure investors and improve the competitiveness and attractiveness of the region. The active participation of the local government in the implementation of “Polish energy policy to 2030” is necessary. It is important to define the priorities in the investment processes but the local governments and to try and correlate the investment plans of communes and energy companies. The need for energy planning is particularly important, as in the coming years Polish communes will face difficult development and investment challenges in the face of the forecast large increase in the demand for electricity in Poland.

77 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 15. Environmental condition and protection 2.15. Environmental condition and protection The condition of the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship's environment is slowly, but steadily improving. It is the result of a more rational use of resources, corrective actions implemented by the environment users and local governments, increased ecological awareness and the availability of financial resources, on national and EU level, for the implementation of environmental investments. Protected areas cover 10 573.9 km ², which represents 46% of the voivodeship.12 The national system of protected areas, together with lagging covers 5 866 km² (25,6 % of the area). The voivodeship set a number of areas forming a part of the Natura 2000 European Ecological Network (19 special bird protection areas and 41 areas of special protection of nesting sites). Their total area - with the exception of marine areas - is 8 512.84 km ², which represents approximately 37.2% of the voivodeship. Protection of those areas is to limit the activities likely to significantly degrade natural habitats and adversely affect plant and animal species for which Natura 2000 was created. Investment planning should take into account its impact on the environment. The established Natura 2000 sites however should not restrict the activities of local communities or block construction and infrastructure projects, although in the current cultural and legal order is difficult to implement an effective model of sustainable development that would reconcile the seemingly contradictory interests. 95 plants operate in the voivodeship, which are especially noxious for air pollution. This represents 5% of the total number of such establishments in Poland, which places the region at the 8th position in the country. In 2008, the investment in long-term environmental protection means based on 1 inhabitant in the province amounted to PLN 265, including the sub-regions of Koszalin - PLN 134, Stargard - PLN 120, Szczecin - PLN 318, and PLN 546 in the Szczecin city sub-region.

2.15.1. Water pollution Threats to water quality in the voivodeship are mainly related to excessive consumption for domestic and economic purposes and the discharge of the resulting pollutants. The surface water quality is improving, but there still remains a problem of the bacteriological contamination and large amounts of biogenic substances going into rivers and lakes, and causing eutrophication. According to the Water Framework Directive by 2015, all surface water should reach at least good condition. Still the share of water of unsatisfactory and poor quality in the overall water balance is significant. As a result of research conducted in 2008 by the Regional Inspectorate for Environment Protection in Szczecin, 54 uniform parts of surface waters (UPSW), representing 11 types of the river waters were classified. Final evaluation of their condition (good or bad) was based on the diagnosis of the ecological and chemical status. Finally, good scores were assigned to 14 UPSW, and bad to 37. The low final score of the water was affected predominantly by a negative assessment of physio-chemical elements in 45 points (out of 72 that collected data during this period), in 3 points it was a bad mark for substances that are particularly harmful to the aquatic environment and in 12 points it was a bad mark for biological elements. As a result of monitoring by VIEP in Szczecin, a reduction of pollutant loads contributed by Odra to the waters of the Szczecin Reservoir was noticed. In 2008, 11 lakes in

12 They include two national parks, 102 wildlife sanctuaries, 7 landscape parks, 26 protected landscape areas, Natura 2000 areas, 2512 natural monuments, six documentary positions, 1361 ecological grounds and 38 natural and landscape units.

Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 15. Environmental condition and protection the province were under research, of which 9 were evaluated. Seven of them had poor water quality in terms of physicochemical and biological (Morzycko, Wierzchowo, Lubie, Kamienica, Trzesiecko, Wielkie D ąbie and śelewo). Two lakes were in good condition (Kiełbicze and Płonno). Miedwie i Gł ębokie lakes have been researched, but not subject to classification. Running water treatment plant in Szczecin definitely improved the quality of Odra estuary waters, Szczeci ński Reservoir and Pomeranian Bay waters. Miedwie Lake, which is the primary source of drinking water supply for Szczecin citizens and needs special protection. It is not only vulnerable to social pollution but also from agriculture pollution and the pollution related to the development of tourism and recreation. A sanitary sewage system is implemented within the basin catchment. The salinity in the coastal zone waters due to their infiltration through the waters of the Baltic Sea poses a problem. Threats to water quality related to human activities in rural areas arise not only from unregulated wastewater management, but also from improper use of fertilizers and intensive livestock production. In recent years, the consumption of calcic fertilizers and manure decreased, and use of nitrogen fertilizers increased. Map 7. Evaluation of Zachodniopomorskie rivers in 2008

source: Assessment of surface water quality in Zachodniopomorskie in 2008.

Studies of transitional and coastal waters in 2008 were conducted under the surveillance monitoring, there were 18 stations located in 7 uniform parts of surface waters; 6 places in coastal waters (3 UPSW) and 12 positions in the transitional waters (4 UPSW). Finally, for the water in all tested points and UPSW's, the state of transitional and coastal waters was classified as poor, due to the assessment of biological elements (in 17 points), physico-chemical elements (in all points) and assessment for substances that are particularly harmful to the aquatic environment (in 3 points). Contamination of groundwater in the region is moderate.

Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 15. Environmental condition and protection 2.15.2. Air pollution The region is characterized by a medium level of air pollution. Its quality is affected by the surface emissions from the sector of communal and household usage and line emissions from road transport. The emission from industrial points is decreasing. Effects of environmental measures to reduce emissions from point sources of energetic sector are translated into the level of air pollution concentrations. In 2006, the average concentration of SO2 in the air decreased by approximately 50% compared to 1996 and 75% compared to 1993. This is the result of usage of emission control devices for sulphur dioxide, and the restructuring of the economy. The main source of dust pollution in Poland and Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is the processing of fuels. The plants particularly onerous for air pollution located in the voivodeship emitted into the atmosphere in 2008 jointly 5,1 thousands of tons of dust pollutants. Sulphur dioxide emissions amounted to 22000 tonnes, carbon dioxide - 9 392 200 tons, and nitrogen oxides - 15600 tons (in the case of each of these compounds gives the voivodeship the 9th place in the country). The relatively higher concentrations of pollutants are recorded in the western part of the voivodeship, which is connected to their issue from Germany. In built-up urban areas, especially in the agglomeration of Szczecin, air quality risks arise associated with the fine dust (PM10), whose source is primarily the home heating equipment. Because of its concentration exceeded the annual air quality assessments for 2005 and 2006, Szczecin received C W class. In connection in February 2009, the Parliament of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship prepared the "Programme for Air Protection of Szczecin Agglomeration Zone”. The programme points the appropriate corrective actions, necessary to restore acceptable level of PM10 suspended dust, together with the timing of implementation, costs and funding sources. The level of electromagnetic radiation in the province is low, with no significant differences in intensity in recent years; however its sources are increasing in number. The mobile phone base stations and, consequently, their area of influence increased. This causes more and more opposition of local communities

2.15.3. Waste About 85% of waste is produced in industrialized, western part of the voivodeship, namely in the districts: Gryfi ński, Stargardzki, and the city of Szczecin. Their largest sources are the Zakłady Chemiczne "Police" S.A. and PGE “Dolna Odra” Power Plant S.A.. In 2007, the province of Zachodniopomorskie produced a total of 7.2 million tonnes of waste, of which 6.7 million tonnes from the industrial sector. Nearly 2% of total are the hazardous waste, which were produced in 2007 in an amount of 113 thousands of tonnes. A specific problem in the region is the pesticide burial sites, or tanks, which store obsolete plant protection products (remnant of the state farms). During the inventory in 2001 there were 39 pesticide burial sites discovered. In 2001-2002 and in 2009 13 objects posing the greatest threat to the environment were eliminated, but there still remain 26 more to eliminate.

Challenges: A significant improvement in water quality is expected in the estuary section of the Odra and Szczecin Reservoir and Pomeranian Bay, following the run of sewage treatment plant in Szczecin. The reduction of pollution load discharged into the waters will also slow down the process of eutrophication of those reservoirs. Visible effects of water quality

Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 15. Environmental condition and protection improvement will also follow the implementation of two large water and wastewater management programmes, implemented in the basin of Pars ęta and the basin of Miedwie Lake. Significant improvement of environmental quality in Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship and the whole Poland does not mean, however, an offset of the neglect of earlier periods. In addition, the EU consistently tightens the requirements for environmental standards, which will lead to substantially improved quality of life for its residents. The consistent implementation of the tasks specified in the "Program of Environmental Protection of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for 2008-2011, taking into account the perspective of 2012-2015" will certainly help to meet those requirements. In the coming years should focus on minimizing the environmental impact of large investment and linear infrastructure projects (roads, wind farms, etc.). Decisions regarding the location and manner of their implementation have to be based on honest assessment of their environmental impact. Natura 2000 areas are mostly attractive tourism and recreation areas. Their development should be done in a sustainable way, based on such activities that do not affect the equilibrium of protected areas. Local governments should see an opportunity here for economic growth in these areas. It is permissible to perform an investment that would significantly adversely affect the Natura 2000 area, but only under specific conditions: if the investment is of paramount importance for the public interest and has no alternatives. In such cases, it is necessary to apply loss balancing measures, due to the investment's impact on the natural habitats of plants and animals.

Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 16. Municipal economy 2.16. Municipal economy

2.16.1. Water supply The basis of the water supply for municipal purposes in the province are the groundwater intakes. The exception is the city of Szczecin, which is supplied with water mostly from Miedwie Lake. In 2008, water withdrawal for water supply networks in the voivodeship amounted to 103.0 hm 3 (9th place in Poland), of which 23.8 hm 3 of water came from surface water intakes, and 79.2 hm 3 of the underground water intakes. Demand for water for industrial purposes is mostly met from own intakes, mainly surface ones. The voivodeship has one of the shortest water supply networks in Poland (14th place), its total length is 8 707 km (in 2008). Compared with 1999 there has been growth in the length of the network by 25.5%, while the national average for the corresponding period is 29.1%. Waterworks saturation index, measured by the length of it on the 100 km 2 of region surface, according to data for 2008 is the lowest in Poland and is 38 km per 100 km 2, with the national average 84 km per 100 km 2. But this is due to the low population density and does not adversely affect the proportion of the population using the water supply, which is in the region higher than the national average. Ensuring adequate quantity and quality of water is the biggest problem in the field of public utilities of the region. Supply difficulties occur in the western part of the coastal area. Most of the rural population is supplied with water by means of small local water supply systems, using the fragmented underground intakes. Their technical condition and the condition of water treatment are unsatisfactory.

Tightening requirements for drinking water quality and rising exploration costs force the resignation of several intakes and creation of large group water systems. Expansion of water supply must be accompanied by the development of sewerage systems for the discharge of the supplied water to households. A project of "Integrated waste management in the basin Pars ęta" is implemented. Its purpose is to provide in the investment area, one of the most attractive natural and tourist regions in Poland, with bulk sewage systems meeting the EU requirements and to ensure proper management of sediment and to provide water of appropriate quality for the residents. In the entire project area live 250 294 of people. After the project's implementation, the part of people using the water supply network will grow to 98.3%, the collecting system and sewage treatment plants users will grow to 88.40% of the population in the project area - a 100% of urban population located in the project area, so about 221 thousands of people.

2.16.2. Sewage Since 1999, the length of the sewerage network in the region increased from 2,753.5 km to 4,992.3 km (about 81.3%), which gives the region the ninth place in Poland. Network saturation index is 21.8 km/100 km 2 and with the national average of 30.3 km/100 km 2 is one of the lowest in Poland (12th place). In spite of systematic investment, the ratio of the length of the sewage and the water supply networks is still negative and amounts to 57.3%. This value, however, gives the voivodeship second position in the country, for which the average is only 36.1%. There are 384 sewage treatment works in the region, of which 284 are community establishments. 60.1% of the population benefited from the sewage treatment plants in 2008, including the various sub-regions: Stargard - 72,2%, Koszalin - 77,1%, Szczecin - 71,8% and

82 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 16. Municipal economy in the Szczecin city sub-region - 14,9% of residents. The amount of treatment requiring discharged wastewater in 2008 amounted to 238 hm 3, and the majority (93.6%) was purified in varying degree. The treatment plants are used by 60% of the total population in the region, which places the region at the 11th place in Poland. The percentage of rural population using treatment plants amounts 40.7% ranks the region at 2nd place, at the national average of 25.7%. Since 2000, the amount of treatment requiring wastewater is gradually decreasing, while the number of wastewater treated with purification processes increases. The largest amounts of wastewater come from large urban and industrial centers - Szczecin, Police, Gryfino, Stargard and Koszalin. In some districts a large part of the wastewater is still discharged without treatment. Sewage treatment plant construction in Szczecin caused a significant improvement.

2.16.3. Waste management Despite the systematic improvement, the status of municipal solid waste management as well as those from the economic sector in the Zachodniopomorskie province is still unsatisfactory. Among the methods of municipal waste management the collection in landfills still dominates. Most of the waste goes there without segregation, only a few objects perform the recovery of recyclable materials. Separate collection of waste at source is covered by most municipalities, but it is limited primarily to the packaging waste. Proportion of waste collected separately in the total weight of municipal waste is negligible, but in recent years has increased from the 1.5% in 2002 to 4.8% in 2007. The system of separate collection of biodegradable, bulky, and hazardous waste generated in households and electronic and electrical equipment functions poorly. There are gaps in the number of installations for the collection, recovery and disposal of municipal waste that meet the requirements of best available technology. In the years 2001-2007, 35 landfills were excluded from the operation, and there was 8 new facilities created. The Accession Treaty required the voivodeship to close a dozen subsequent landfills by 2009. At the end of 2007 there were 114 landfills in the region, of which 47 were exploited. Two objects have separate accommodation for the storage of asbestos waste (Dalsze-My ślibórz and Sianów). In five landfills degassing installations operate, using biogas to produce electricity (Sianów, Sierakowo, Szczecin-Klucz, Świnouj ście-Przytór-Ognica and Smol ęcin near Kołbaskowo). Amount of municipal waste land filled was reduced by half. This may mean the one hand, a de facto restriction of their production, on the other, an illegal disposal of them by incineration or the so-called illegal dumping. This problem may deepen in the next few years, when the cost of waste disposal will rise significantly. There is a need to educate the public on waste management and cooperation with local environmental control services. The situation will change significantly in connection with the construction of waste incineration plants in Szczecin and Koszalin. The pre-accession funds - ISPA, PHARE, SAPARD - played an important role in the development of municipal infrastructure. Investments mainly focused on improving water supply and sewage collection and treatment. During this period, however, there was a little investment taken in waste management. Under the Regional Operational Programme for the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for the period 2007-2013 activities in the field of water and sewage infrastructure are financially supported, consisting of the construction or reconstruction of sewer collecting, pumping stations, reservoirs and water treatment plants, which result from the National Program for Municipal Wastewater Treatment. With the help of ROP also complex projects involving waste management are financed, among others the

83 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 16. Municipal economy selective waste collection, sorting, recycling facilities and recycling, bio-mechanical waste disposal and land reclamation projects for existing inactive landfills. To co-finance the improvement of environmental infrastructure in the period 2007-2013, the ROP assigned € 61.3 million, representing 7.3% of the total allocation of EU funds in the ROP. In 2008, the investment in long-term environmental protection means based on 1 inhabitant in the province amounted to PLN 87, including PLN 62 in Szczecin sub-region, PLN 45 in Koszalin, PLN 37 in Stargard, and PLN 212 in the Szczecin city sub-region.

Figure 39. The inhabitants access to the municipal infrastructure, including a comparison with other regions in 2008 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516

access to water 96,9% mains in cities 3

access to water 85,2% main in villages 3

using treatment 40,7% plants in villages 3

using treatment 60,1% plants in total 3

using gas mains in 79,8% cities 3

using gas mains in 11,5% villages 3

Position in the voivodeship ranking

source: own work based on BDR CSO data.

Challenges: In order to reduce adverse impact of the municipal management on the quality of the environment, especially on water quality, it is necessary to implement best practices in the development of urban infrastructure. Construction of a modern treatment plants will provide assistance in water quality standards meeting, while the construction of modern sewage treatment plant will improve the quality of the discharged wastewater. The aim should be to organize the municipal economy in urban areas through: upgrading water and sewage networks, improving drinking water quality, reducing the pollutants discharged into the environment and limiting the amount of waste going to landfill. The way to achieve this objective may be shaping the spatial order to increase the economic rationality of water and sanitation investments and to increase the functional efficiency of water supply, sewerage and waste systems. Further benefits can also be achieved by stimulating the cooperation of municipalities and local governments in environmental area and municipal infrastructure, which would increase the profitability of investment undertaken and limit their social costs.

84 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 17. Spatial planning and urban development

2.17. Spatial planning and urban development The current spatial planning plan was passed by the Parliament of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship on 26 June 2002. Its primary function is the spatial implementation of the objectives of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy. Spatial planning is a continuous process, and therefore the plan will be periodically updated. In 2006 the provincial government began to change the zoning plan for the voivodeship. It takes into account such issues as the Metropolitan Area of Szczecin. Areas of municipalities are almost completely covered with studies of conditions and directions of spatial planning. The area of the voivodeship coverage with local land use plans amounts to few percent. The lack of such plans significantly hinders local governments to control the shaping of spatial order, and also limits the interest in a given area on the part of investors. This constitutes a barrier for development in urban areas. Local authorities carry out their part of the tasks by decisions of localization for a public purpose and the decisions to establish development conditions. The region is diverse in terms of natural predispositions, and historical economic structure. Good illustration of this differentiation is made in the existing Spatial Development Plan, the division into 6 large-spatial and 28 functional areas:

Map 8. Large-spatial and functional areas of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship

source: Local Spatial Plan of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship.

85 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 17. Spatial planning and urban development

I. the coastal zone - the intensive selective development, II. the zone of farming and multi-functional business activation, III. the agro-forestry economic zone of selective activation of business, including tourism development, IV. intensive agriculture zone, V. the zone of urbanization concentration - the Metropolitan Area of Szczecin of multifunctional development, VI. the zone of intensive multi-development and urbanization - the nodal area of Koszalin.

Community of the region inhabits 63 cities and 3 062 rural localities grouped in 1 635 sołectwa. The urban population consists of 1 164 058 people, representing 68% of the population of the region. The urbanization rate is higher than the national average of 61.2% and places the region on the 3rd position in Poland. In comparison with the year 2000 the urban population has declined by 18 921 people, despite the fact that the province gain two new cities - Dziwnów since 2004 and Tychowo from 2010. In the years 2000 - 2009 the population of rural and semi-urban areas increased by 13 090 people. This is due to settling of town residents in suburbs. Rural areas in the area around Szczecin in 2000-2009 recorded a positive net migration of 11 000 people, half of which falls on the Dobra municipality. The spatial distribution of cities is quite uniform, however, large and medium-sized cities are located acentric, focusing on the borders of the voivodeship, mainly in the west and north. In the southeast there are two medium-sized cities (Szczecinek and Wałcz), in central and southern region are only small cities located. Szczecin is by far the dominant metropolitan center in terms of size and importance, focusing on the scale of the region's largest economic potential. 24% of the population of the region lives there, only 3 voivodeships in Poland have a higher percentage of concentration in the largest city. This is one of the major poles of development of the national economy, the center of European significance, and the administrative center of the voivodeship. Koszalin is the second largest center for the voivodeship. It is a complementary to Szczecin centre of service of voivodeship, distinguished in terms of economic potential, size and significance. Over 43% of the total area of the voivodeship is arable grounds (965 481 ha), of which 75.7% include arable land (730 681 ha). Overall, the country's arable grounds occupy 51.7% of total area. The Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is dominated by forested areas, which account for 36.7% of the region.

Challenges: Regardless of the need for local plans to cover all urban and investment areas, the performance of planning studies for the functional areas is also desirable, covering the Metropolitan Area of Szczecin, the agglomeration of Koszalin and the area of intensive farming. They should be created with the participation of all interested governments and institutions. The phenomenon of chaotic housing in suburban areas should be prevented, and the land reserves for future commercial investment should be created. The lack of major urban centre in the central part of the voivodeship should be compensated by creating a development area based on the group smaller cities: , Złocieniec, , Połczyn Zdrój, Świdwin and Łobez. In rural areas, new investments should be made in a range of local development centres, providing an access to the routes, which will strengthen the settlements and increase the return on investments. This ensures proper access to public services. Cost-effective, balanced

86 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 17. Spatial planning and urban development management of construction sites prevents the loss of landscape features and minimizes the negative impact on the environment. A major challenge is to use the available local capacity to reconcile environmental priorities and the investment needs. Protected areas should not be only a limiting factor, in accordance with sustainable development policy; their development should be encouraged for the benefit of the region's economy. For this purpose the ecophisiography of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship was developed during the study of landscape adjustment.

87 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 18. Housing

2.18. Housing The housing stock of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship by the basic forms of ownership includes the housing owned by: housing cooperatives (37.9%), housing communities (39.5%), municipalities - council housing (17,2%). Furthermore, the owners of realities in the province are the Treasury (1.7%), companies (1.3%) and building societies (2.4%). In the Zachodniopomorskie the proportion of housing belonging to the building societies is the highest in Poland. In years 2004-2008 the province reported steady and stable increase in the number of dwellings. In this period the number of dwellings increased by 21.6 thousands, and compared to the year 2004 increased by 3.8%. In 2008, 6 969 dwellings were given to use, 7.2% more than in the previous year. This represented 4.2% of newly given to use venues in the country. As per 1 000 inhabitants in the whole region there were 4.1 flats opened, while for the individual sub-regions: Stargard sub-region - 2.1, Koszalin - 3.4, the sub-city of Szczecin - 4.7, and 7.0 in the Szczecin city sub-region. The housing stock of voivodeship included at the end of December 2008 about 592 000 of premises. 46.9% of dwellings built were intended for sale or rent, the constructions carried out by individual investors is 39.0%, while social housing is 6.9% of the investments realized. In the period of 2004-2008, the number of rooms in dwellings of the region increased from 2 101 600 to 2 184 900, an increase of 4.0%. Their size is increased by 5.6%, from 37.3 million to 39.4 million m². All sanitary engineering facilities are available in the voivodeship in more houses than the national average suggests. The availability of these systems, high on the national background, occurs in the case of home furnishings in the water supply in rural areas (1st place in the country), cities (3rd), the presence of bathrooms in the villages (3rd).

Table 2. Houses furnished with the sanitary-technical installations in Poland and the region in 2008

water mains bathroom central heating city village city village city village Zachodniopomorskie 99,7 (3) 96,4 (1) 93,3 (8) 85,2 (2) 87,3 (7) 67,6 (5) Poland 98,5 88,7 92,0 75,5 84,5 64,0 source: own study based on BDR GUS data (in brackets the voivodeship's place on the background of the country). In 2008, most homes were transferred to use in Szczecin (1 911), Police District (861), Kołobrzeg District(710) and in Świnouj ście (658). In per 10 000 inhabitants in 2008, most homes were completed in Świnouj ście (167.5), Police District (128.2) and in the Kołobrzeg District (92.7) at an average of voivodeship amounting 41,2. The index of the completed dwellings number per 10 000 inhabitants gives voivodeship the 9th place in Poland. A very strong imbalance in the development of the housing is noticeable between the coastal belt and the largest cities in the region and the eastern and southern parts of the voivodeship. In the coastal districts it's primarily a luxury apartment building, characterized by high finishing standards and small areas of flats, that affects the situation. The high level of dwellings number and their usable floor space growth in urban in units is particularly noticeable in the neighbouring to Szczecin District of Police, where the community of Dobra and Kołbaskowo begin to play the role of the metropolis housing backup.

88 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 18. Housing

Figure 40. New buildings completed by division of sub-regions in the years 2005 - 2008

Koszalin sub-region Stargard sub-region City of Szczecin sub-region Szczecin sub-region

1 179 654 2008 810 1 561

902 521 2007 737 1 404

948 348 2006 569 1 180

1 254 426 2005 671 1 404

0 200 400 600 800 1 000 1 200 1 400 1 600 1 800 source: own study based on BDR GUS data. In Koszalin and Stargard sub-regions and the Szczecin city sub-region the number of newly developed buildings exceeded the value from 2005. In the Koszalin sub-region the amount is significantly higher than in other sub-regions. However, counting the sub-region of Szczecin and the Szczecin city sub-region together, the amount is about 272 units higher and amounts to 1 833 in 2008. Despite the large number of dwellings given for use in the region in recent years, the voivodeship still loses in terms of size of dwellings, as well as their surface area per capita. Both in terms of the average dwelling space (the voivodeship - 69.8 m², the country - 70.2 m²) and the average dwelling space for one person (the voivodeship - 23.3 m², the country - 24.2 m²), the voivodeship takes 13th place in Poland. The largest areas of dwellings in 2008 were reported in of Koszalin (82.3 m²), Sławie ński (78.1 m²), Police (77.8 m²). The smallest average usable floor area of dwellings in 2008 was recorded in counties townships: Świnouj ście (59.8 m²), Szczecin (60.7 m²) and Koszalin (60,8 m²).

89 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 18. Housing

Figure 41. Dwellings completed per 10 000 inhabitants in the districts of the voivodeship in 2008 [pieces]

180 160 140 120 100 80 167,5 Zachodniopomorskie 60 128,2 41,2

numbers of units numbers 92,7 40 48,6 20 46,9 43,4 40,6 37,8 34,7 22,4 22,2 21,3 20,9 19,5 16,8 15,4 14,5 13,1 8,9 6,5 4,8 0

i n i i i i i i i i i k in li k k k k k k k cie s ski c ski zk ic ck s s zki rs s s ski j ś ń za ń rd ń ń ycki d o ń ń ze ie ze li yf ne ie rz be policki br c a raws ło nou m rga gr wałecki d lib .Sz .Kos a gryfi ław py ś wi ka m kosz s widwi Ś koło m st goleniowski białogar my ś szczeci choszcze m.

source: own study based on BDR GUS data. Figure 1. Average usable floor space per capita in the districts of the voivodeship in 2008 [m²]

30

28

26 Zachodniopomorskie 24 28 23,3 26,8 square meters square 26 25,4 24,6 22 24,2 23,8 23,4 23,2 22,8 22,4 22,3 22,2 22,1 22,1 21,9 21,7 21,4 21 20,9 20,8 20

i i ki n in i ki ski cie s ski i l ki ck cki sk sk ski ski ski ń ś ń ń e e dzki ń es ń e i e n ł w w r b ń policki uj al i czec sza ryfic a ra o a o mi o z w o g ci w d g idwi ł liborski ryfi in a Sz K ło ś g argardzki pyrzycki ka w sł . ia w t kołobrzeski Ś kos m m. zcze goleni b ś my s s choszcze m. source: own study based on BDR GUS data. An average of 23.9 sq meters of living space falls for one person in the region. In 2008, the largest surface was attributed to the inhabitants of different districts: Kołobrzeg, Kamie ń and the Police. The smallest surface was attributed to the inhabitants of Pyrzycki, Stargardzki and Choszcze ński districts. Noticeable improvement of housing indicators can be expected in the municipalities making up the largest conurbations in the voivodeship. This will be particularly apparent in setting up the agglomeration of Szczecin, Police District and exhibit increasingly higher levels of economic development Goleniów District. Strong housing development in the agglomeration of Szczecin will also be noticeable in the western part of the Stargard District and the northern part of Gryfino District. Probably the further development of construction carried out by building societies shall take place. It should be emphasized that the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship has the highest in Poland percentage of homes owned and managed by societies. The scale of investments made by the municipal building societies of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship on the previously set aside land may help to revive the housing market.

90 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 18. Housing

The characteristic feature Szczecin surroundings are the phenomenon of Polish citizens settled in the bordering districts of the of Eastern Germany. Although it is not massive, but with facilitated movement of persons it may have an impact on change in the nature of demand for housing and increasing quality demands of the Szczecin agglomeration residents in this area.

Challenges: In recent years the urban centres have become unattractive for residents. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve the quality of life in downtown areas, mainly due to the revitalization programs, raising the quality of the residential fabric, its surrounding infrastructure and the creation of attractive public spaces. Individual housing sector is growing the most in rural areas around large cities. Due to the land costs, the localization of the new, especially single-family buildings goes out of the cities into the suburban areas. This phenomenon is supported by the widespread use of a car. The implementation of housing projects outside of urban areas causes transfer of the urban population to suburban areas, mostly without any change of employment. This causes changes in the daily cycle of population mobility, and ultimately generates increased transportation needs of commuting to work and services. Maintaining the trend of urban sprawl should be regarded as a negative phenomenon. Many people have no opportunity to acquire housing on the open market. Therefore, it is important for the local governments and government to conduct an appropriate housing policy. In this situation the social housing and public building societies will become an important segment of the housing industry (BS).

91 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 19. Regional balance and the wealth of inhabitants

2.19. Regional balance and the wealth of inhabitants In the first years of the XXI century the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship was the slowest developing region in Poland. The GDP growth dynamics in 1997 – 2007 was 57.4% in the voivodeship (76.8% for the whole of Poland). In 2007 the national GDP from the voivodeship was 46 904 million PLN, which placed the region in 9 th position in the country. In 1999 – 2007 each of the Zachodniopomorskie sub-regions was growing slower than the average growth rate in the country. Amongst 66 Polish sub-regions, the Koszalin sub- region was in 37 th place with a GDP growth of 71.0%, Stargard in 60 th place (60.9%), Szczecin in 61 st place (60/7%) and the subregion city of Szczecin in second from last, 65 th place with a GDP growth of 43.9% in 1999-2007. Particularly low growth rate was noted in the voivodeship during 2001 – 2003. The reason behind 40-50% of this decrease was the collapse of Stocznia Szczeci ńska. The growth dynamics of GDP in 2004 – 2007 placed the voivodeship in 13 th place in the country. Low growth rate of the voivodeship influenced the share of the Zachodniopomorskie in the national GDP. In 1999 – 2007 this share decreased from 4.51% to 3.99%.

Figure 43. Share of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship GDP in the national GDP in 1999 - 2007

4,6%

4,4%

4,2%

4,0%

3,8%

3,6% 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

source: Reports on the impact of global recession on the socio-economic situation in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship and its consequences for the tasks of the voivodeship local government. Szczecin 2009.

Even in 2000, the per capita GDP in the voivodeship was at 101.7% of the national GDP. In 2007 it decreased to 89.8%. During 2000-2001 GDP per capita in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship was higher than the most similar voivodeship, Pomorskie. In 2007 it was already lower by 8.7 percentage points.

92 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 19. Regional balance and the wealth of inhabitants

Figure 44. GDP per capita (current prices), Poland=100;2000-2007 Polish voivodeships and sub-regions of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship

160 mazowieckie 159,1 m.Szczecin 150,0 150 dolno śląskie 150,2 śląskie 140 138,6 wielkopolskie 134,1 Polska 132,0 130 pomorskie 129,3 128,1 łódzkie 120 zachodniopomorskie

lubuskie

110 reg. szczeci ński

101,7 kujawsko-pomorskie 99,4 100 małopolskie 95,7 98,1 94,7 92,7 92,8 opolskie 95,2 91,1 94,7 89,8 92,8 90,1 reg. koszali ński 90 91,5 83,8 84,5 85,2 87,5 świ ętokrzy skie

82,7 82,7 84,1 83,2 warmi ńsko-mazurskie 80 82,4 80,8 podlaskie 71,3 70,1 70 68,1 lubelskie 67,3 66,5 64,1 66,9 podkarpackie 63,8 60 reg. stargardzki 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 source: own work based on BDR GUS data.

Figure 45. Change dynamics in the national GDP Figure 46. GDP in total, Zachodniopomorskie as share during 1999-2007 compared to Poland, year 1999 = 1 MAZOWIECKIE 7,40% 1,90 mazowieckie DOLNO ŚLĄSKIE 2,54% 1,77 dolno śląskie 1,80 WIELKOPOLSKIE 1,98% wielkopolskie MAŁOPOLSKIE 1,62% 1,70 małopolskie -0,52% PODLASKIE 1,59 Polska -0,56% POMORSKIE 1,60 podlaskie ŁÓDZKIE -0,78% 1,48 pomorskie KUJAWSKO- 1,57 -1,59% 1,50 POMORSKIE łódzkie -2,09% 1,39 LUBUSKIE kuj awsko-pomorskie 1,40 ŚWI ĘTOKRZYSKIE -2,63% 1,44 lubuskie

ŚLĄSKIE -3,43% 1,27 świ ętokrzyskie 1,30 1,36 OPOLSKIE -3,84% 1,21 śląskie WARMI ŃSKO- 1,17 -5,78% 1,28 opolskie MAZURSKIE 1,20 1,12 PODKARPACKIE -6,13% warmi ńsko-mazurskie 1,18 1,19 LUBELSKIE -6,21% 1,10 1,15 podkarpackie 1,13 ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIE -10,98% lubelskie 1,00 zachodniopomorskie -12% -9% -6% -3% 0% 3% 6% 9% 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 source: own work based on BDR GUS data . source: own work based on BDR GUS data.

In 2007 the national GDP per capita in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship was 27 708 PLN (30 873 PLN in Poland). The distribution of the gross domestic product produced

93 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 19. Regional balance and the wealth of inhabitants in the voivodeship indicates that there are significant differences with regards to wealth of individual sub-regions. The highest GDP was observed in the city of Szczecin sub-region (39 558 PLN) in the other sub-regions the gross domestic product was as follows: Szczecin sub-region 27 000 PLN, Koszalin sub-region 24 939 PLN, Stargard sub-region 19 780 PLN. The level of GDP per capita as a percentage of the European Union value (EU=100) varied in West Pomerania between 23% and 28% and was displaying a slightly upward trend. The region was developing significantly slower than most of the country’s regions, which joined the EU in 2004. The Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship was showing a weaker convergence and thus was the slowest to be approaching the average European Union level. Map 9. Level of economic growth in communes in 2002 and 2007

source: Reports on the impact of global recession on the socio-economic situation in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship and its consequences for the tasks of the voivodeship local government. Szczecin 2009. Based on the synthetic growth indicator, taking on values in the range <0, 1> scientists at the University of Szczecin estimated that the highest level of development in 2002 – 2007 was exhibited by all of the municipal districts of the voivodeship, other words cities: Szczecin, Koszalin i Świnouj ście and districts of Kołobrzeg, Police and Goleniów. Compared to 2002 all of the districts experienced economic growth. The highest value of the indicator was noted in the following districts: Kołobrzeski, 0,25, city of Świnouj ście, 0,25, Goleniowski, 0.24 and Sławno, Białogard and Police, 0,22. The lowest growth of the indicator was noted in the districts of: Stargard, 0.11, Pyrzyce 0.12 and Choszczno 0.14. The average monthly gross income in the voivodeship in 2007 and 2008 was 2 615,83 PLN and 2 881,00 PLN respectively 13 . The highest earnings were achieved by people working in the financial agency industry, whose average gross monthly income was 4 059,39 PLN. High incomes were also achieved by people employed in public administration, transport and some sectors of industry such as energy and mining. In 2006 the average gross monthly income in the region was equal to 2 406,98 PLN, in 2005 - 2 307,99 PLN and in 2004 - 2 221,63 PLN. In 2008 a disproportion appeared in favour of the western parts of the voivodeship in terms of the average monthly gross income. In the summary of income levels in the voivodeship, it is in 6 th place in Poland, with the national average of 3 158,48 PLN.. In the

13 Data does not include economic entities with 9 or less employees.

94 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 19. Regional balance and the wealth of inhabitants region, the social exclusion sphere is growing faster than in other voivodeships and the growth rate of household wealth is slower than elsewhere.

Figure 47. The average monthly gross income in voivodeships as compared to the national average in 2004 - 2008

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 140%

120%

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

e ie e ie e ie e ie ie e e ki k k ki k ki s s sk skie ieckie lą laski as zysk ś ś r łódzkie rpackie ow no opols opol lubels lubuski z pomor k podl tok małopol iel i ę o-mazurs ma dol w w ko-pomorskie podka ś s sk i ń m zachodniopomorski kujaw war source: own work based on BDR GUS data. In 2008 in domestic dwellings on a per inhabitant basis within the voivodeship there was the largest proportion, of up to 26.8% of expenditures spent on food and non-alcoholic drinks (fort the whole country this average was 25.6%), 19.7% was spent on housing and energy carriers (18,9%), and 7,7% on transport (10,1%). The lowest average monthly expenses were recorded for education, where 1.1% was spent (1,2% average in the whole country) and restaurant and hotel visits - 2,2% (2,0%). 3,1% of household expenditure was on alcoholic drinks and tobacco products (2,6%), and 4,0% on health (4,8%).

95 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 20.Horizontal perspectives

2.20. Horizontal perspectives

The socio-economic situation of Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is of multidimensional and dynamic character. It is impossible to present all of its aspects using the division into diagnostic areas determined for Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship Development Strategy. There are horizontal issues which require a separate approach. These are: the cross- border dimension, international cooperation, metropolitan dimension and the role of conurbation, the rural areas and public space, and revitalization. The conclusions of the assessment with regard to the horizontal dimensions are expressed in activities and indexes formulated for particular objectives.

2.20.1. The Cross-border Dimension

Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is specific due to its location near the border of two countries, between the sea and land, along the border river of Odra. Traditionally, the most intensive external relations of the region are with the border provinces of Germany: Mecklenburg and Brandenburg. The communication connections with Germany, including the condition of roads and the railway line, are systematically improved. This does not correspond with the unsatisfactory degree of logistic infrastructure, related to the cross-border transport, which so far has not been developed within Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship on the level that was achieved in other regions of similar specificity, E.G. in the borderland of Germany and Netherlands or in the border areas of eastern Poland. The development of harbours in and Police reduced the domination of the harbour complex of Szczecin- Świnouj ście. In the future, more intensive relations are planned in the energy sector, with regard to the expansion of transmission systems and networks in the borderland. The region’s location is significant for relations including the environment protection through the possibility of influencing, as part of the EU legislation, the emergence and impact of new factories on the both sides of the border. The prospects for economic and scholar cooperation still remain unsatisfied, including the projects such as BalticNet-PlasmaTec. The microeconomic significance of marketplaces is decreasing. However, the sales offer of Szczecin and other towns in the Polish border area is attractive for German citizens who are also customers of vacation centres, sanatoriums and specialist clinics as well as cultural institutions. Therefore, the particular towns in the region try to take advantage of their location near the border as their chief asset in the development of tourism. The surplus in the balance of cross-border exchange achieved by Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is systematically growing. This is the result of both the price differences as well as quality and versatility of the offer. It is typical for the region that its inhabitants settle in the nearby German districts. In 2009 about 700 families from Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship, mostly from Szczecin and areas around the city, settled in Mecklenburg – Western Pomerania, about 500 moved to Brandenburg. The intensification of the mentioned processes will result in the increasing quality of life as the effect of the cross-border exchange of goods and services, reducing its costs by common development and exploitation of the infrastructure. The growth in the economic and social relations with the nearby regions of Scandinavia is also insufficient. The trade exchange between Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship and the area is lower than this achieved by Wielkopolskie and Dolno śląskie voivodeship. The sales offer of the cities in Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship, as well as the availability of places for golf playing and hunting, is relatively attractive for Swedish and Danish citizens. The language barrier is vanishing as the general knowledge of English is being improved.

96 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 20.Horizontal perspectives

The voivodeship boasts favourable development in terms of the cross-border cooperation between local governments which is visible in cultural projects, youth exchange, as well as the development of the infrastructural links (E.G. road connections, the ferry crossing in ). It is based on legal and financial tools of cooperation, particularly functioning of Pomerania Euro region, and the funds available within the European Territorial Cooperation, including the South Baltic Programme and the Interregional Cooperation Programme Interreg IV. Further strengthening of the cooperation will be possible as part of the Odra Partnership. It is predicted that, as the country borders are losing in significance, the number of inhabitants in Mecklenburg – Western Pomerania is falling, and the economic and social integration of the borderland is progressing, Szczecin will gradually achieve the status of cross-border development centre, affecting also Germany. The border river of Odra, Lagoon of Szczecin, and Uznam Island being under the administration of both countries, constitute the natural space for the planning initiatives and their implementation. During the next years, the significance of Berlin as a leading European Metropolis will grow, actually influencing the functioning of the surrounding areas, including Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship and particularly Szczecin which is a large city and economic centre. The construction of the new intercontinental airport of Berlin Brandenburg International (BBI) within the of the former Schönefeld airport is of key importance in this process. In development of the Berlin conurbation it is necessary to undertake actions aimed at the formation of the desired communication links, distinctiveness of Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship, and the profile of its offer. In respect to the above, among other things, the role of the airport of Szczecin-Goleniów will change. An important sign of the voivodeship international activity are its attempts to expand the Central European Transport Corridor (CETC-ROUTE65). The technical secretariat of this initiative is based in the Marshal Office of Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship. The development of the economic and cultural links with the neighboring countries will significantly increase the voivodeship potential. It is recommended to develop them by improving the transport connections, coordinating the physical planning, creating the network of organizational and institutional links, as well as undertaking a variety of informative and promotional activities.

2.20.2. International Cooperation The measure of the voivodeship potential and its diversified economic, cultural, and social links is conducting active international cooperation. The cooperation is based on the tasks and trends in foreign policy of Poland, including these relating to the role of local and regional communities, at the same time retaining its own specificity and priorities. The voivodeship international cooperation is oriented at making full use of the development possibilities connected with the Polish membership in the European Union. The local governments, universities, scientific and research institutions, youth circles, education centers, non-governmental organizations, and artistic circles are involved in the cooperation. It takes a form of co-participation in educational programmes, exchange of information, common preparation of projects financed by the European Union, organizing mutual presentations, traineeships abroad, studio visits as well as activities that support learning foreign languages. The voivodeship location in Europe is the most important factor determining the trends in its international cooperation. The closest relations are with Mecklenburg – Western Pomerania and Brandenburg, as those are the neighboring provinces for the voivodeship. A

97 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 20.Horizontal perspectives relevant element of collaboration among the regions situated in the catchment area of Odra river is the cooperation within the scope of using the river for economic and tourist purposes, the cooperation between rescue services including the repair of damages resulting from catastrophes and natural disasters, cooperation in the field of physical planning and the environment protection, as well as creation of attractive communication infrastructure with Odra river as its axis. Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship attempts to involve other partners in the works relating to the implementation of the concept of the Central European Transport Corridor (CETC-ROUTE65). The region of the Baltic Sea, where the cooperation covers the region of Skåne in Sweden, the federal state of Mecklenburg – Western Pomerania in Germany, and the Exclave of Kaliningrad in Russia, constitutes the priority area for the voivodeship. The partnership has been established also with the regions of the Baltic Sea countries – the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein and the city of Hamburg (Germany), the region of Oulu (Finland), the region of Klaipeda (Russia), the region of Vilnius (), and the region of Pärnu (Estonia), as well as the district authority of the town of Niemenczyn. The subject of the cooperation with partners from Western Europe involves the common initiatives concerning the development of metropolitan functions of the cities, the development of rural areas, tourism, education, social communication, water management, renewable energy, creation of the information infrastructure and modern administration. The relations with the Exclave of Kaliningrad (The Russian ) and Mykolaiv () are characteristic due to the exchange of experience in the field of free-market changes and democratization, as well as cooperation in the field of economy and culture. The voivodeship established cooperation also with the province of Guangdong in China which mainly takes the form of economic missions, exchange of scholars and students, and is focused on the projects related to innovation and support for the economy based on knowledge. A relevant role in this cooperation is played by economic entities, higher education schools, and scientific and research centres. The international cooperation is also implemented by the local government units. The German cities constitute the largest group of their partners (65%) as well as the cities in Sweden, Russia, and Netherlands. Active participation in international institutions and organizations is the necessary instrument to conduct the international cooperation. Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is the member of Baltic Sea States Subregional Cooperation. This is a political organization which involves about 160 regions of the Baltic Sea states, acting to reinforce the cooperation between them, including the methods based on their own financial instruments, and establish contact between their inhabitants. Between 2011 and 2013 Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship will take the leadership in BSSSC. Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is also a member of the Polish and German Inter-governmental Committee for Regional and Cross-border Cooperation, Interregional Agreement for the Creation of a Central European Transport Corridor (CETC-ROUTE65), Baltic Development Forum, the Visegrad Group Countries’ Forum of Regions, and the Central-European Initiative. The voivodeship cooperates also with the Committee of the Regions, Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe (CLRAE), and European Regional Information Society Association (ERIS@). The international position of the voivodeship is largely the result of the fact that the seat of Pomerania authorities and the headquarters of NATO Multinational Corps are located within its territory. The initiative of international cooperation area called “Odra Partnership”, initiated in 2006, is developed. It is aimed at creation of the cooperation network in the region, including Zachodniopomorskie, Lubuskie, Dolno śląskie, Wielkopolskie voivodeship as well as Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg – Western Pomerania, and . It is to become an internationally competitive area of trade and economy. The main elements of cooperation in

98 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 20.Horizontal perspectives the area of Odra Partnership are: innovations, support for small and medium enterprises, transfer of technologies, renewable energy, transport and logistics, and tourism.

2.20.3. Metropolitan Dimension and the Role of Conurbation

At the scale of the whole voivodeship, the role of Szczecin and Koszalin, as the economic and cultural centers, is becoming more and more important. The process is driven by the constant movement of the demographic and economic potential towards large cities, but also by the legal requirements related to the development of conurbation and metropolitan areas. In further development of the city groups it is necessary to discard the barriers and restrictions in the field of physical planning, transport policy, waste management, or environment protection. The initial stage of the region secondary urbanization was characterized by the integration of the region’s human and economic resources within the conurbation, migration to towns and growing difference in the quality of life in relation to the peripheral areas. The idea of the sustainable development policy is visible in defining new role of small units. The metropolitan centers, retaining its dominant position, stimulate development of the peripheral areas by the transfer of ideas, knowledge, capital, and production measures, and by increasing their role as the service and raw material reserves for the city organisms. The changes occurring in this respect in the area of Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship and the lifestyle of its inhabitants are analogical to the processes occurring in other European countries. Two largest cities of the region constitute the source of the most important factors stimulating the development of the surrounding area. The Koszalin conurbation development reinforces its direct link with the coastal area influencing the service and tourist sector development in the region. Reinforcement of the metropolitan position of Szczecin is largely connected with undertaking the role of the centre providing services for the neighboring communes. At the same time, the city is an example of particularly strong suburbanization trends oriented at the West. The number of inhabitants in the western communes (Kołbaskowo, Dobra) is growing, while the number of people living in the city is falling. The city is becoming more and more important as the centre of cross-border influence on the Polish and German borderland. Establishing the city’s position as a significant centre of cooperation in the Baltic area, with numerous economic, scholar, and cultural links, may be another area of expansion and development in terms of relations. The formal framework for the development of metropolitan function of Szczecin will be the Act on Planning the Metropolitan Areas’ Development, the State Regional Development Strategy, the Concept of Physical Development of the Country, the updated Physical Development Plan of the voivodeship. The task of the Association of Szczecin Metropolitan Area is to make the cooperation among the communes of the metropolis more closely. The economic strength and development potential of the metropolis are increasingly determined by the degree of integration of functions and potentials within their area. In the case of Szczecin, the integration processes will be related to, above all, the transport, communication, and communal solutions, spatial management, administrative platforms, and social communication. The neighboring communes within the area of the metropolis may avoid overlapping some of the expensive investments, both infrastructural and social ones. A chance for development is the large-scale implementation of revitalization projects, aimed at the degradation prevention in relation to urbanized space and social structures, as well as stimulating the development, increasing the social and economic activity, improvement of the inhabitation environment, and national heritage protection.

99 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 20.Horizontal perspectives

It is necessary to raise the awareness of local governments’ members and inhabitants of the communes within the conurbation with respect to the requirements relating to the integration of city organisms. The peripheral and central areas shall be at last linked closely together to comprise a cooperation network and vibrant economic entities.

2.20.4. Rural Areas In 2008 the rural areas took 1,131.5 thousand ha, it constitutes 94% of the whole space of Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship, which is approximately the state average value. At the same time, the region is at one of the leading positions in the classification of Natura 2000 in terms of the number and space of the specified natural sanctuaries. The number of inhabitants living in the rural areas is significantly lower than in other parts of the country, taking into consideration the total number of inhabitants in the region. One of the lowest population densities in the rural areas, 24 people per km 2 on average, results from the high level of the region urbanization, high forestation rate, and fragmented rural settlement network. The region features one of the lowest populations of people living in the rural areas since they were born: it constitutes a little more than 50% in comparison to almost 80% in Podkarpackie and Małopolskie voivodeship. Only in four voivodeships (Zachodniopomorskie, Podlaskie, Pomorskie, and Warmi ńsko-Mazurskie) men constituted a majority in the population structure according to sex. The percentage of people making their living mainly from agriculture is very low. The balance of migration between city and village reveals that a majority of people move to the rural areas. This is mainly a result of educated and well-off people moving to the communes situated near large cities, retaining their relations with the city through work, trade, services. During the next decades, with the constantly falling number of the state population, the inhabitants of rural areas will be a relatively young community in comparison with the people living in cities. The intensity of the demographic process of the population getting older in the rural areas, also in Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship, will be much weaker than in cities. The pace and character of rural communes development in Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is still determined by, above all, its location and quality of human resources. The communes situated in the seaside zone specialize in tourist services generating high incomes. Thanks to the location the favorable development includes also the communes situated near large economic centers (Szczecin and Koszalin), functioning as housing reserves with the use of the conurbation potential of labour and service market. Then, a substantial number of peripheral communes in relation to large cities, which are of monofunctional nature and are still dominated by the agricultural production, are developing much slower. Farms with large and relatively dense crop space are dominating. Negative effects of the socio-economic changes that took place in the time of the Polish People’s Republic, and their consequences after 1989, are still visible in the economic situation and ownership in the rural areas. The fall of State Collective Farms was of economic significance – it referred to substantial areas of the voivodeship and influenced the entire economic situation of the communes – but it also affected the community which to some extent was unable to function in the reality of free-market economy. Relatively small changes took place in the area potential. Between 1989 and 2008 the recorded space of usable agricultural lands in Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship diminished by 29.5 thousand ha (2.7% of total space of usable agricultural lands), including 17.3 thousand ha of arable lands and orchards (2%), and the space of permanent grasslands diminished by 19.2 thousand ha (8.4%).

100 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 20.Horizontal perspectives

The loss of communal and social infrastructure reserves in the area of production farms – health centers, nurseries, kindergartens, cultural centers – was much more severe. Frequently, communes themselves are unable to deal with the constant socio- economic and spatial degradation of these lands as well as the unstable living situation of the population, which is visible in the weakness of labour market, constant dependence on the social assistance. The lack of human resources goes hand in hand with the lack of economic capital forming the basis for intensification of the economic changes. In Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship a little more than 70% of buildings and 48% of flats in residential buildings in rural areas belong to individuals, while in the region of Podkarpackie and in Świ ętokrzyskie voivodeship even 98% of residential buildings and 94% of flats are owned privately. Then, in Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship there is a high number of co-owned residential buildings (about 1/5 of the total number of residential buildings in rural areas), while in the south-eastern part of the country the percentage is just 0.5 – 1% of all the buildings. Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship is still tackled by the social infrastructure deficits, characteristic for rural areas across the country. Above all, they are visible in the insufficient development of cultural, tourist network of outposts, as well as schools, tutelary and health care outposts. The educational opportunities for children living in rural areas are limited due to the barriers related to functioning of the education system in village (E.G. limited access to kindergartens, lower qualifications of the teaching staff, poor educational offer after junior high school) and the financial situation of families living in village. Choosing the route of education, especially after junior high school, is determined by the educational offer available in the closest area, transport possibilities, the costs of transport to school or living away from home. The modernization and development of rural areas in the voivodeship should be based on, above all, the possessed resources and geographical and environmental factors. At the scale of the country, the region features a positive agrarian structure and high level of agriculture which results in relatively better utilization of the agricultural production potential (the soil, capital, and labour). Gradually, the farms undergo the diversification process towards a non-agricultural activity. The rural areas of the voivodeship boast favourable conditions for village tourism and farm tourism development due to low level of industrialization, and particularly the favourable natural and landscape and cultural conditions. In some parts of the voivodeship there are favourable conditions for the development of renewable energy production. .

2.20.5 Public spaces and revitalization Together with an increase in social capita, more and more attention is paid to the quality of life, as a result of which the management of public spaces and their organisation is on the increase. Public spaces influence the quality of life, tourist attractiveness, competitiveness and the image of the town and thus the whole region. For the quality of public spaces is influenced by its saturation and the standard of such urban – landscape elements as squares, streets in central areas of cities and villages, picturesque routes and village panoramas, parks, walking areas. In case of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship the quality of public spaces is to a large extent dependant on the level of social capital. After the destruction of WWII and the period of fundamental communal infrastructure modernisation, many cities, including Szczecin are only now regaining the urban setting based on the old assumptions or which is full and

101 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 20.Horizontal perspectives comprehensive. There are a few examples where this process is carried out taking into account the requirements of accessibility and multi-functionality of public spaces. During the last few tens of years, it was subject in cities to the requirements of vehicle communication, whereas since the turn of the XX and XXI centuries another important factor are the trading centres and their role in the urban landscape. To a larger extent activities undertaken to improve the quality of life for inhabitants are underway. Local governments try to improve the functionality of streets and sidewalks, in Szczecin, Szczecinek or Świnouj ście, as well as in other towns which have a tourist character, areas without vehicle traffic have been set aside. Amongst the local government investments, there are more and more projects regarding cultural and sports institutions or walking trails. A gradual revitalization of the non developed areas and those withdrawn from use such as in Śródodrze in Szczecin, north-east Świnouj ście or the old town of Kołobrzeg and Stargard Szczeci ński. A thorough modernisation was carried out in the central parts of smaller cities such as Barlinek, Czapliek, Połczyn, Darłowo. The scope of renovation works in relation to historic structures, including those aimed at the improvement of their safety and accessibility is still inadequate. The activities aimed at the revitalizing of historic town centres, including by reforming the housing stocks with the revitalised areas should be consequently followed through. In larger centres the development of residential housing on the outskirts is in progress with a lack of municipal infrastructure of public spaces, green areas, ecological route solution and roads with the necessary parameters. Significant areas (often attractively located) are still administered by the army, which influences the process of open space creation. In Szczecin, there is still a large area of garden allotments located based on the old urban-spatial conditions and occupying potentially attractive investment land. Together with the development of a reads network and their and the ensuing appearance of commercial, production structures around them with a unregulated layout which worsen the safety conditions of traffic, increasing the costs of developing and operation of the infrastructure and with a negative impact on the quality of landscape. The voivodeship has numerous areas of a recreational character located mainly in the costal belt and the lake districts, creating a public space which serves both the inhabitants and tourists. It encompasses the areas of holiday villages as well as tourist trails, basins, recreational structures and locations. Practically along the whole length of the Baltic coast a beach with many usable attributes is available, however only in the left bank Świnouj ście (Uznam Island) its natural widening is occurring. In the remaining parts the erosion of the coast line is progressing and the gradual regression of land, and the beach width in some places (e.g.: Dziwnów, Kawcza Góra, Kołobrzeg, Ustronie Morskie) can reduced to as little as a few meters. In the urban areas, the waterfront space is still underdeveloped, as an area which is at the meeting point of land and water with respect to implementing specific urban solutions. Projects aimed at increasing the accessibility and attractiveness of the port areas and shore lines are being implemented as important tourist attributes as well as areas for the integration and social activity of the local inhabitants (e.g.: in Szczecin, Gryfino, Wolin, Darłowo). In many cases the development of public spaces is an integral part of the change in use of structures. New projects are prepared and implemented, which aim to revitalize areas based on the natural location attributes and changing their old economic uses by developing the areas for housing, culture, recreation and trade. New character functionality is being added to ex army areas, ex port areas and soon probably ex ship yard areas. Amongst completed structures of destined to be implemented in the near future the following should be noted: tram depot in Szczecin at ul. Kolumba – currently an office building, tram depot Szczecin – Niemierzyn – Museum of Technology and Communication “Art Depot”, the manufacturer of office supplies Delfin in Szczecin – loft style flats, oil mill by ul. D ębogórska in Szczecin –

102 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 20.Horizontal perspectives ballet school of the Balet Foundation, ex army buildings in Szczecin at ul. śołnierska – a campus of a number of Szczecin’s higher education establishments, Zakłady Naprawy Taboru Kolejowego in Stargard Szczeci ński – Stargard Industrial park, transformer station in Szczecin at ul. Wojska Polskiego – office building, transformer station in Szczecin at ul. Świ ętego Ducha – Contemporary art centre –Art Trafostation” The only and unique example of renovation and revitalization is the city of Borne Sulinowo in the district of Szczecin – ex Soviet army barracks. Challenges in the scope of revitalization are certainly the two ex army airbases as well as the deserted town of Kłomino (Gródek) which used to be the bedroom of Soviet soldiers stationed in As part of the revitalization activities it is important to re-activate rural areas and assets. This entails the preservation and protection of the traditional rural landscape variety, care for the green areas, small country architecture and rural urban complexes, revitalization of townships cantered around old state farms as well as the prevention of the negative effects of dispersion of settlements. The renovation of mansions and estates from the pre-war era is a challenge, as most of them are devastated and not developed (e.g.: Swobnica, Rynowo, Lesi ęcin, Dre Ŝewo, Ło źnica, Otok, Miel ęcin). Revitalization processes should be treated as a factor supporting entrepreneurship and investment processes. Public spaces of a high quality are a significant factor influencing the interest of companies in the area based on the knowledge of qualified workforce. Local governments and communities should also, to a larger degree, develop the available space through civil and cultural reactivation as well as the return of natural function to water adjacent industrial and port areas as well as ex army areas which are subject to revitalization. At the stage of creating local revitalization plans and during their implementation the cooperation with commercial entities in the form of public – private partnerships is recommended.

103 Diagnosis of the socio-economic situation 21.Synthetic indicator of communes’ development

2.21 Synthetic indicator of communes’ development In order to compare the development stage of communes in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship a synthetic indicator has been created.

The indicator was calculated based on three variables in the formula:

x Y Z 3 ⋅ ⋅ X y z

Where: x – the level of incomes declared in tax returns CIT and PIT per one inhabitant (x – value for the commune, X – value for the voivodeship) y – the number of people using social benefits per 10 thousand inhabitants (y - value for the commune, Y - value for the voivodeship) z – number of people not working for more than one year as a proportion of the number of people in the working age group (z – value for the commune, Z – value for the voivodeship).

The choice of variables results from the need to illustrate as fully as possible all of the aspects of economic development as well as the availability and character of data. Each of the variables was normalised with reference to the average value in the voivodeship. Furthermore variables y/Y and z/Z will act as anti-stimulants of economic development, have been changed into stimulants through inversion. The value of the indicator in a synthetic way illustrates by what factor the level of development in a given commune is higher/lower from the average value in the voivodeship.

Map 10. Synthetic indicator values of the economic potential of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship communes in 2008

source: own work based on BDR GUS, WUP, National Treasury and Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Office.

104 Vision and mission of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship

The analysis of the indicator value for particular local government units indicates a grouping of communes with its lowest value in the central-eastern part of the region. The communes are as follows: Białogard, Tychowo, Grzmi ąca, , Sławoborze and Ostrowice, Biały Bór, Brze Ŝno, Brojce and Radowo Małe. In the West of the voivodeship significantly lower values are attained by the Kozielice, and communes. The lowest value in the whole voivodeship was attained by the Brzezno commune. The commune with the highest indicator value is Szczecin (2.2578), followed by Kołobrzeg and the city of Kołobrzeg. High values were observed in the other communes from the Szczecin municipal area: Gryfino, Kobylanka, Dobra Szczeci ńska, Police, Kołbaskowo, Stargard Szczeci ński. Communes outside of the metropolitan area with a high value are as follows: Koszalin, Świnouj ście and Wałcz. The indicator may constitute a basis for planning interventions as part of the requested by the voivodeship local government support instruments, e.g.: during the course of implementing the Regional Operational Programme and the implementation of the territorial contract.

3. Vision and mission of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship of 2020 is a region with modern and diverse economy concentrating on science and innovations. Thanks to its beneficial location and development of transport infrastructure, the voivodeship plays the role of important centre of economic, cultural and scientific exchange with good communication availability. In 2020 Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship will be a competitive region, creating broad possibilities of development, especially for enterprising, educated and creative individuals as well as small and medium business entities. Among characteristic features of the voivodeship (besides strong maritime economy) there are production of goods and services with high added value, which are competitive on national and international markets as well as up-to-date and effective sector of farms and highly developed sector of tourist services. It enables full use of potential of unique resources and economic branches functioning in the region. Development of new technologies supports efficient system of stimulating, transferring and promoting innovations and innovative attitudes. Including the region in the international network of information, knowledge as well as scientific, economic and cultural cooperation transfer makes the voivodeship attractive place for investors, tourists, students, scientists and present as well as potential inhabitants. Development of entrepreneurship is favoured by well organized, effective and transparent public administration, directed at constant social and economic development, by introducing, among other things, partnership with external entities. The region attracts new entrepreneurs thanks to easily available qualified, innovative human resources and local societies open for changes, thanks to which it becomes one of the most competitive areas in Poland. In Szczecin and Koszalin there are developing research and development centres, which cooperate with companies producing high quality products, thanks to staff constantly increasing their skills and ready for changes, with high technical and social competences. Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship takes full advantage of its location, near the border and the sea. All types of transport in the voivodeship are integrated. After creating the Central European Transport Corridor (CETC-ROUTE65), the region is included in the European logistic and transport chain. There is efficient public transport, which became an alternative for car transport. Thanks to diversification of energy sources and improvement of energy infrastructure, energy safety in the voivodeship is ensured. Society, companies and

105 Vision and mission of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship institutions use the Internet on a daily basis. Szczecin functions as a metropolitan area and Koszalin is an agglomeration with well developed functions in scope of education, science, culture, healthcare and administration. Economic development of the region has no negative influence on the environment thanks to up-to-date technologies and appliances. The voivodeship follows the EU standards in scope of water and air quality as well as waste management. The region is a national leader in production of renewable energy coming mainly from wind energy and biomass combustion. Areas under protection with vast environmental values, including NATURE 2000 areas, develop in a balanced way. Inhabitants of the voivodeship, being aware of natural values of their area, environmental quality and its significance for health, know how to take care of the resources. The region, with attractive nature and landscapes, attracts many tourists. It is also a perfect living place for its inhabitants. Tourism and environmentally friendly agriculture are important elements of the provincial economy, basing on rational use of natural resources. Emphasis is put on all levels of education in the whole region and on making young people interested in science and continuing education at technical and environmental departments of Zachodniopomorskie universities. Entrepreneurs have free access to qualified human resources, thanks to impact on educating adults and vocational education, including women, senior and disabled citizens in the work market as well as mobility of potential employees from groups and areas in danger of exclusion. Cultural offer of the region, which is adjusted in agglomerations to the needs of consumers with the highest purchasing power thanks to thriving art university, and in rural areas attracting youth and increasing aspirations of adults, increases life quality in the region and its attractiveness as a location for new, innovative enterprises. Local governmental, self-organizing and open local communities attract new inhabitants and are attractive places for life and self-actualization of individuals of every age. The Western Pomerania society uses new social services, which are adjusted to the needs of clients and which support professional as well as social roles of individuals professionally and socially inactive until now. A threat of addictions decreases, thanks to family support and cooperation between public institutions, non-public institutions and informal groups. Basic and specialized high quality healthcare is available not only in agglomerations, but also for increased population of elderly people and individuals living in areas and groups in danger of marginalization. Local communities actively join the process of taking key decisions and act through non-governmental organizations in favour of their area. The region is seen as an attractive place to live in friendly natural environment and among open local communities actively participating in local cultural and sport initiatives. Taking into consideration the potential of the regional situation as well as constant growth of its development possibilities, the following mission has been formed for Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship:

Creating conditions for stable and balanced development of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, based on competitive economy and entrepreneurship of inhabitants as well as social activity with optimal use of existing resources.

The accepted declaration makes it possible to achieve essential compromise between economic and social zones, which is compliant with assumptions of the social market economy model as well as rules of protecting and maintaining existing resources and heritage for next generations.

106 Key challenges

3.1. Key challenges When implementing a vision of development, the voivodeship has to face key civilization, economic and cultural challenges. Their sources are both global factors and regional conditions. Attitude towards occurring challenges and ability to cope with them will mark the pace and direction of regional growth within next several dozen years. New model of relations with environment Political and social pressure will shape a new attitude towards natural environment in the area of economy, spatial management and ways of spending free time. A voivodeship with lots of natural resources should consider this tendency as a factor of making its offer more attractive with simultaneous minimization of economy as well as urban development interfering in the environment. Demographic changes Constant and visible decrease of the number of inhabitants as well as ageing of the society requires shaping new, effective ways of acting in scope of forming work market and managing the infrastructure of healthcare and education. These should be directed at adjusting the existing infrastructure as well as methods of its exploitation to changing numbers of inhabitants as well as at increasing the attractiveness of the region as a place to work and live. Economic expansion of the Baltic Sea region The Baltic Sea region will be characterized by high dynamics of effectiveness, innovation and general economic growth. Including the voivodeship in this process and integrating its economic potential as well as offer with transfer of products and services on the local Baltic market has the key meaning. Secondary urbanization and development of cities The largest resources of entrepreneurship and purchasing power of society as well as development potential of local governments will be connected with multidirectional urban development. Cities will become a driving force of regions or they will function merely as mediating elements of more effective metropolises. Forming urban, economic and social shape of municipal organisms in a balanced way, so that they would reply to their own development needs and development needs of the whole region is a challenge. Technological and consumption advancement of society Economic and social advance of bigger and bigger number of inhabitants will be accompanied by growing role of technology in all areas of life. Methods of managing, infrastructure and mechanisms of levelling chances should be adjusted to the new life model. Creating the identity of the region The region has not achieved a sufficient level of cohesion and community identity integrating its inhabitants yet. Global changes go towards further weakening and instrumentalisation of bonds. Shaping cultural space which is attractive for present as well as future inhabitants, making wide development of the society is a challenge.

107 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

4. Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy includes six strategic objectives divided into 34 directional objectives . For particular directional objectives we have defined actions, which do not constitute the next level of strategy structure and do not have any indicators. Actions define ways of behaviour which are appropriate to achieve particular objectives . The whole society of the voivodeship (not only its local governmental institutions) forms a subject implementing such defined objectives and actions. Detailed information concerning competence in carrying out the strategy has been included in the table in chapter 5.5.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE NO 1 “IMPROVEMENT IN THE INNOVATIVENESS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT”

The adaptibility of the regional economy to changing economic conditions is a key element of its constant development. The strategy is used to increase this ability and in consequence to increase the economic meaning of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship on a national scale and internationally. The supported elements will include the increase of innovation and effectiveness of management, initiatives for intensification of cooperation between companies and their cooperation with the world of science as well as actions for export increase. Broad and balanced use of provincial resources will be carried out particularly by increasing competitiveness of tourist offer and reorganization of agricultural economy and fishing. Different economic relations of the region, connected with its location near the Baltic Sea and near the border, will be developed by implementing integrated maritime policy. Increasing innovation and effectiveness of management in the region will result in improvement of business situation as well as improvement of cohesion and economic situation of the whole voivodeship.

DIRECTIONAL OBJECTIVES

1.1. Improvement in the innovativeness of the economy 1.2. An increase in the competitiveness of the voivodeship on the national and foreign tourist markets 1.3. Support for enterprise cooperation and enterprise development 1.4. Support for increasing export 1.5. Integrated maritime policy 1.6. Restructurisation and development of agricultural and fishing production

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE NO. 2 “ENHANCING THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE REGION”

108 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

Experiences from the current implementation of the strategy confirm the investment attractiveness of the Western Pomerania. With unstable economic processes and possibilities to transfer capital and production means, the geographic location is not a decisive factor any more. It is essential to invest development potential in creating attractive offer persuading to invest capital and production power in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship. The strategy directs actions of the local government at increasing and strengthening investment attraction of the region in connection with development of tools to support business and creation as well as development of investment activity zones. The strategy to create and promote the brand of the region is used to maintain this process and modify it, depending on occurring circumstances. In the result Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship can actively participate in development of the Baltic Sea region, playing more and more important part in the EU economy.

DIRECTIONAL OBJECTIVES

2.1. Increasing the attractiveness and cohesion of the regional investment offer and investor support 2.2. Strengthening of business support instruments 2.3. Creation and development of investment activity zones 2.4. Regional brand building and promotion

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE NO. 3 “INCREASING THE SPATIAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REGION”

In the reality of the contemporary world, spatial competitiveness depends primarily on pace and character of local processes connected with forming cities. Broad development of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship requires creation of strong urban centres, efficient transport and infrastructural base. The key element of this process is to develop functions of Szczecin Metropolitan Area and increase the potential of Koszalin urban agglomeration. Cities will give impulse for the regional development and they will create its importance outside the region. It requires expansion of infrastructure in up-to-date economy, particularly transregional, multimodal transport networks, infrastructure of informative society as well as energy all over the voivodeship. Proper use of environmental values of the region will be possible thanks to the availability increase of tourist towns as well as other valuable environmental and recreational resources.

DIRECTIONAL OBJECTIVES

3.1. Development of metropolitan functions of Szczecin 3.2. Development of Koszalin municipal metropolitan area 3.3. Development of pan-regional, multimodal transport networks 3.4. Support for the development of information society infrastructure 3.5. The development of energy infrastructure

109 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

3.6. Improving accessibility to areas with tourist and spa values

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE NO. 4 “MAINTAINING AND PROTECTING ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES, RATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES”

Vast forests, basins, cultivated grounds, fauna and flora as well as other elements of environment and landscape of Western Pomerania form one of the most valuable national areas where nature and man coexist. In innovative and eco-minded attitude towards development of the region their role does not come down to limitations and development barriers. Natural environment interferes with urbanization zone; it should be its integral, often leading element. Economic changes, which result in slowing down agricultural production accompanied by intensification of tourist movement, are naturally connected with impact on the environment. The regional society, which is aware of the available resources as well as responsibility connected with it, will develop mechanisms allowing assimilation of economic projects with their environmental surrounding. In connection to that actions aimed at maintaining and protecting the environment as well as improving its condition will be connected with developing ways to use renewable sources of energy as well other innovative undertakings with economic importance. Development of infrastructure used for environmental protection and waste management will also be supported. Entrepreneurship and technological progress, which result from high ecological standards, will lead to competitiveness of the region and increased life quality of its inhabitants. Environmental technologies will be used to carry out contemporary ecological challenges. They emit less pollution to the environment. They also exploit natural resources in a way ensuring their longer availability, with simultaneous increase of economic growth and competitiveness.

DIRECTIONAL OBJECTIVES

4.1. An improvement in the quality of the environment and ecological safety 4.2. Environmental heritage protection and a rational utilisation of resources 4.3. Increase in the share of renewable energy sources 4.4. 4.4 Development of the environmental protection and waste management infrastructure 4.5. Increasing the ecological awareness of the society 4.6. Urban areas revitalization

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE NO. 5 “CREATING AN OPEN AND COMPETITIVE SOCIETY”

Ideas included in the strategy aim at creating openness and competitiveness of the regional society, which are understood as adjusting to needs and realities of contemporary markets of ideas, services and products. They will be followed by increase of skills and qualifications, preparation to handle requirements of contemporary work market and active

110 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions. participation in transfer of cultural and scientific goods as well as shaping personnel creating innovative potential of the region. In connection to the above, the strategy of provincial development includes actions oriented on strengthening professional activity and competence level of its inhabitants, availability and quality of education on every level and increased participation of the region’s inhabitants. They will be addressed to all social and age groups in the area of the whole voivodeship, people included in educational system, students as well as individuals who are interested in widening their general and directional knowledge. Implementation of the strategy will result in overcoming marginalization and exclusion on the educational offer access level. Real accomplishment of defined objectives is connected with implementing the idea of informative society by popularising the access to information and possibilities to use it. One of the conditions for competitive economy based on knowledge to function is access to human resources able to create high quality products as well as to consumers with the highest possible purchasing power. The implementation of actions connected with the creation of up-to-date, open society will help in shaping such environment. It will also allow us to define new objectives and tools for their accomplishment, as a mode of functioning in contemporary economy and culture.

DIRECTIONAL OBJECTIVES

5.1. Innovative economy workforce development 5.2. Increasing the professional activity of the population 5.3. Development of continuing education 5.4. Development of vocational education in accordance with the needs of the economy 5.5. Creation of an information society 5.6. Increase in the participation and availability of pre-school education

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE NO. 6 “AN INCREASE IN SOCIAL IDENTITY AND COHESION OF THE REGION”

One of the tasks of local governments serving an ancillary role towards the society of the voivodeship is creating the best possible living and working conditions of its inhabitants, accomplishment of life plans and broad self-actualization in personal and social life. Implementing the strategy of the provincial development in particular fields requires effective support of individuals and groups, living activity of which creates the region’s potential. In this perspective, supporting personal development of inhabitants, family functions and social cohesion of the whole region is a key task of the strategy. It is aimed at implementing the idea of fully civic society, consciously exercising the rights and duties for the common good. Actions of the local -government are based on supporting family as a basic social unit, ensuring the widest possible access to healthcare, education, cultural goods and other elements of shared heritage. Such universality is displayed by preventing all signs of exclusions and marginalization in any aspect. The strategy also concentrates on supporting local democracy and creating widely understood identity as cultural factors determining the feeling of bonds and mutual responsibility.

111 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

DIRECTIONAL OBJECTIVES

6.1. Supporting the function of the family 6.2. An improvement in the availability and quality of health care 6.3. Support for the development of local democracy and a civil society 6.4. Strengthening the identity and integration of local societies 6.5. Development of cultural heritage as the foundation for regional identity 6.6. 6.6 Prevention of poverty and social marginalisation processes

Strategic objectives of Terms of Reference and corresponding directional objectives have been written in the form of 34 charts of objectives . They also include information about modes of financing, implementing and monitoring the Strategy.

DIRECTIONAL OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION INDICATOR

INDICATOR NAME BASE VALUE SOURCES OF FINANCE

INDICATOR 1 VALUE 1 ENTITY 1 ENTITY 5

ENTITY 2 ENTITY 6 INDICATOR 2 VALUE 2

ENTITY 3 ENTITY 7

INDICATOR 3 VALUE 3 ENTITY 4 ENTITY 8 DEGREE OFINVOLVEMENT DEGREE OFINVOLVEMENT INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN THE ACTIVITIES TIME FRAMES IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITY A

ACTIVITY 8 ON NON NAT. NAT. DISTRICT COMMUNE INITIATIVES 2010-2015 2015-2020 PRIVATE AND

ACTIVITY C GOVERNMENT VOIVODESHIP GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATI

In the heading of each chart (red section) the following are defined: strategic and directional objectives that the chart refers to. For each of the directional objectives a set of indicators has been prepared (yellow section) which will be used to evaluate the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy. The blue part contains information about the degree of involvement of individual entities in the process of financing the implementation of directional objective to which the chart refers. The subject on the green card are activities aimed at implementing the given objective. The time frames of the implementation have been defined here, divided into 2010-2015 and 2015-2020, as well as the degree of involvement of entities and institutions into implementing the activities.

112 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

Explanations regarding the usage of measurements and classification can be found in subchapters: 5.4., 5.5, and 5.6.

113 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1. AN INCREASE IN INNOVATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF M ANAGEMENT Directional objective 1.1 Increase in innovative economy

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Bas value

Sold production of new/significantly improved goods in 8,12% Voivodeship budget Rural Areas Development Programme 1. industrial companies in total sold production 2 0

2. Expenditures on innovative activities in companies 4825 03 000 PLN District budget 1 OP Fish 0

Share of expenditures on innovative activities in c ompanies in 3. 0,24% Commune budget 1 OP Infrastructure and Environment GDP of voivodeship (2007) 0 Expenditures on innovative activities in companies per one 4. 772,00 PLN National budget 2 OP Innovative Economy active employee 2

5. Patents granted per 1 million inhabitants 19 pieces Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 0

Inventions submitted per 1 million inhabitants 56 pieces Regional Operational Programme Interreg IV B 6. 2 2

7. R&D Employment per 1 thousand active professionally 3,1 EPC* OP Human Capital Interreg IV C 2 1

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government increasing innovation awareness in companies and in stitutions and the creation of pro-innovation attit udes and A. solutions Y Y 2 0 0 1 1

B. development of the educational offer and availabili ty of higher education in the whole of the hip Y Y 0 0 0 2 1

development of R&D base and its ties with the econo my of the region together with a monitoring system and C. transfer of technologies Y Y 1 0 0 2 1

D. commercialisation and implementation of goods and t echnologies, promotion of inventions and patents Y Y 1 0 0 2 0

development of links between companies and institut ions with economic partners and scientific research centres E. with an innovation potential Y Y 2 0 0 1 0

F. usage of modern IT and communication technologies b y companies and the creation of autonomous and Y Y 2 1 0 1 0 systemic safe networks and IT systems * EPC – equivalent of full time work

114 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1. AN INCREASE IN INNOVATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF M ANAGEMENT Directional objective 1.2 Increase in competitiveness of the voivodeship in the national and foreign tourist trade

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Accommodation provided at multi guest facilities in total per 10 1. 59 268 pieces Voivodeship budget 2 Rural Areas Development Programme thousand inhabitants 1 Accommodation for domestic tourists provided at mul ti guest 2. 47 174 pieces District budget 1 OP Fish facilities in total per 10 thousand inhabitants 0 Accommodation provided to foreign tourists at multi guest Commune budget OP Infrastructure and Environment 3. facilities in total per 10 thousand inhabitants 12 094 pieces 1 1 4 and 5 star hotels/motels/guest houses in hotels/m otels/guest 10,48% National budget OP Innovative Economy 4. houses total 1 2 Employment in hotels and restaurants to total emplo yment 4,19% Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 2 5. 6. Mass accommodation units per 10 thousand inhabitan ts 49,6 pieces Regional Operational Programme Interreg IV B 1 2 Accommodation usage 47,59% OP Human Capital Interreg IV C 0 7. 1 Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government the creation of organisational and financial condit ions for the development of tourist infrastructure and its A. development and the extension of the tourist season Y Y 1 1 2 0 1

the development of economic links between tourism a nd agriculture, fishing, forestry, port economy and other B. sectors based on natural resource usage Y Y 2 1 1 1 1

C. development of branded tourist products Y Y 2 1 1 0 1

D. identification and promotion of traditional, local and regional goods Y Y 2 1 1 0 1

development of instruments for the servicing of the tourist trade, including a regional tourist inform ation E. system and advice Y Y 2 1 1 0 1

promotion of the tourist offer by preparing and dis tributing publications, participation in national a nd foreign F. trade shows and industry events Y Y 2 1 1 1 1

development of national and international network c ooperation of entities, organisations and instituti ons G. involved in tourism development Y Y 2 1 1 1 1

H. improvement of the state and usage of SPA base N Y 1 0 1 2 1

* Surveys

115 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1. AN INCREASE IN INNOVATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT Directional objective 1.4 Support of export growth

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 0

The share of exports in the incomes from sales of products, District budget 0 OP Fish 0 1. goods and services in large and medium companies in the 48,10% industrial processing sector Commune budget 0 OP Infrastructure and Environment 0

National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 2

Public-private partnership 0 Interreg IV A 1 Value of export of goods, services and commodities from 2. 9617,6 million PLN companies with foreign capital Regional Operational Programme 1 Interreg IV B 0

OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government creation and development of international economic cooperation through the monitoring and identification of A. economic trends, creation and development of exporters databases Y N 1 0 0 2 0 support of pro-export activities, including participation in events aimed at increasing knowledge and qualifications B. (courses, workshops) and the establishing of new contacts (trade shows, exhibitions), organising missions, preparing and Y Y 2 0 1 1 0 distributing publications

116 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1. AN INCREASE IN INNOVATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF M ANAGEMENT Directional objective 1.5 Integrated maritime policies

Objective implementation indicators

Indicator name Base value Sources of finance

1. Containers in international freight shipping 64 932 TEU Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 0

District budget 1 OP Fish 2 2. Cargo handling in sea ports total 18 789 100 tons Commune budget 0 OP Infrastructure and Environment 1

Rolling stock in international freight shipping as to nati onal value 42% 3. National budget 2 OP Innovative Economy 0

Share of maritime entities in the total number of enti ties in Public-private partnership 0 Interreg IV A 0 1,30% 4. voivodeship Regional Operational Programme 2 Interreg IV B 1 Domestic and international freight shipping by inland na vigation 5. 3 285 000 tons in voivodeship OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government integration of regional maritime policies with the economic policies of the country, European Union and the A. strengthening of its position and potential Y Y 2 0 0 1 0 development of port economy, through investments and changes or ganisational and legal the structure (including B. the development of an external port with a LNG terminal in Świnouj ście) together with an improvement in Y Y 0 0 0 2 0 transport accessibility to ports development of inland navigation and the significance of th is sector for the servicing of ports in the Odra estuary C. in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship N Y 1 0 0 2 0

D. restructuring of maritime companies Y N 1 0 1 2 0

development of land-sea transport chains, implementation of modern technological and technical solutions in cargo E. shipping and the shift of cargo streams from land to wate r Y Y 1 0 0 2 0

development of maritime education, research and developme nt and the reconstruction of the maritime heritage F. and identity of West Pomerania Y Y 2 1 1 1 0

117 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1. AN INCREASE IN INNOVATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT

Directional objective 1.6 Restructuring and development of agricultural production and fishing

Objective implementation indicators

Indicator name Base value Sources of finance

1. Global agricultural production per 1 ha of farm land 3 223 PLN Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 2

2. Average size of farm land at a farm 29,68 ha District budget 1 OP Fish 2

3. Number of producers’ groups 37 pieces Commune budget 0 OP Infrastructure and Environment 0

National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 0 4. Percentage share of the voivodeship in sea fishing 35,40% Public-private partnership 0 Interreg IV A 1 5. Artificial fertilisers usage per 1 ha of farm land 130,1 kg Regional Operational Programme 0 Interreg IV B 0

6. Farm land per 1 tractor 25,7 ha OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 1

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government

A. diversification of the job market in areas with dominant agricultural production(rural areas) Y Y 2 1 0 1 0

B. restructuring of agricultural and fishing activities through its widening by e.g.: tourism services Y Y 2 1 0 0 0

C. implementation of new agricultural production forms, modern technologies, non-consumption crops Y Y 1 0 0 2 1

joint undertakings of companies from the agricultural and fishing industries with scientific research units and D. institutions responsible for regional development N Y 2 1 0 1 0 development of producers groups, corporate solutions, logistical – distribution in the agricultural production E. sector and networking cooperation associated with agricultural production and fishing (e.g.: clusters, societies, Y N 2 1 0 1 2 associations, interest groups, local groups 118 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2. STRENGTHENING OF THE REGIONAL INVESTMENT ATTRACT IVENESS Directional objective 2.1 Increasing the attractiveness and cohesion of t he regional investment offer and investor support

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 2 Rural Areas Development Programme 0

Area of offered plots for investments in the local government’s District budget 1 OP Fish 0 4 264,913 ha 1. offer Commune budget 1 OP Infrastructure and Environment 0

National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 1

Public-private partnership 0 Interreg IV A 0 Share of foreign capital in basic capital in the to tal entities with 2. 94,53% foreign cap[ital Regional Operational Programme 1 Interreg IV B 1

OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 1

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government

A. development and improvement of regional instruments for promotion and investor’s support Y Y 2 1 1 0 1

B. preparation of spatial development plans taking int o account the attractive and cohesive investment of fer Y N 1 1 2 1 0

preparation, evaluation, constant updating and dist ribution of the comprehensive investment offer dedi cated to C. individual sectors, locations and investors Y Y 2 1 1 1 0

D. selection of pro-investment activities through link ing of potential investors with local governments Y Y 2 1 1 1 1

119 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2. STRENGTHENING OF THE REGIONAL INVESTMENT ATTRACT IVENESS Directional objective 2.2 Strengthening of business development instrumen ts

Objective implementation indicators

Indicator name Base value Sources of finance

Value of projects implemented in the scope of entre preneurship 1. - PLN support in PLN per voivodeship inhabitant * Voivodeship budget 2 Rural Areas Development Programme 0

Number of institutions of financial and non-financi al business District budget 1 OP Fish 0 - pieces 2. support Commune budget 1 OP Infrastructure and Environment 0 Number of trained beneficiaries in support institut ions in man- 3. - man-days days National budget 2 OP Innovative Economy 2

Employment in institutions of financial and non-financial business Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 0 4. - people/jobs support Regional Operational Programme 2 Interreg IV B 2 Value of loans made available to entrepreneurs by r egional loan 5. - PLN and guarantee funds * OP Human Capital 1 Interreg IV C 2

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government

A. adjusting the offer and activities of institutions surrounding business to the needs of entrepreneurs Y Y 2 0 1 2 1

development of pro-innovation mechanisms of financi al, legal and organisational support for enterprise s, including B. loan, guarantee and venture-capital funds, academic and technological incubators Y N 1 0 0 2 1

* Surveys ** To be completed

120 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2. STRENGTHENING OF THE REGIONAL INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS Directional objective 2.3 Development and creation of investment activity zones

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 0 1. Value of investments in investment activity zones ** - PLN District budget 1 OP Fish 0

Area of plots with utilities infrastructure in investment activity 2. - ha Commune budget 2 OP Infrastructure and Environment 0 zones **

National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 2

Employment in investment activity zones ** against 3. - people professionally active Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 1

Regional Operational Programme 1 Interreg IV B 2 4. Number of entities in investment activity zones ** - pieces OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government development of conditions for locating investments through the creation and development of infrastructure in A. investment activity zones, including access roads Y Y 2 0 0 1 0

B. promotion of investment activity zones and active seeking of investors Y Y 1 1 2 0 1

*Zone of investment activity is a segregated and purposefully developed area, the main function of which is making land or buildings available for companies to carry out business activities. Investment activity zones are for example: Industrial Parks, Science and Technology Parks, Special Economic Zones ** Surveys

121 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2. STRENGTHENING OF THE REGIONAL INVESTMENT ATTRACT IVENESS Directional objective 2.4 Development and promotion of the regional brand

Objective implementation indicators

Indicator name Base value Sources of finance

Expenditures on promotion by the voivodeship govern ment per Voivodeship budget 2 Rural Areas Development Programme 0 - PLN 1. resident District budget 1 OP Fish 0

Commune budget 1 OP Infrastructure and Environment 1

2. Recognisability of the regional brand – % National budget 0 OP Innovative Economy 1

Public-private partnership 0 Interreg IV A 1

Regional Operational Programme 1 Interreg IV B 0 3. Number of local/regional and traditional products - pieces

OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government building and implementation of the voivodeship bran d in individual aspects of public life – economy, c ulture, A. tourism, social interactions Y Y 2 0 0 0 0

B. cooperation of public, economic and social partners in the process of building and promoting the brand Y Y 2 1 1 0 1

* Surveys

122 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3. IMPROVING THE SPATIAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REG ION Directional objective 3.1 Development of metropolitan functions of Szczec in

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget Rural Areas Development Programme Working in the Szczecin Metropolitan Zone * against working 1 0 49,65% 1. total in the voivodeship District budget 2 OP Fish 0

2. Incomes declared on PIT and CIT per capita in SMZ 23 216,40 PLN Commune budget 2 OP Infrastructure and Environment 2

National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 0

Number of SMZ inhabitants per 1 cultural establishm ent 6 645,33 people 3. (libraries, cinemas, museums) Public-private partnership 0 Interreg IV A 2

Regional Operational Programme 2 Interreg IV B 2 SMZ demographic potential (share of SMZ inhabitants in the 39,59% 4. voivodeship inhabitants) OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government development of Szczecin Metropolitan Zone (SMZ) tak ing into consideration the potential, needs and rol es of A. individual communes and its trans-border, regional and pan-regional influence Y Y 2 1 1 1 0

B. undertaking common investment enterprises and netwo rks of local government cooperation within SMZ Y Y 2 1 1 1 0

development and widening of educational, scientific , cultural, health care, administrative and service s of higher C. order establishments in SMZ Y Y 1 2 1 1 1

inclusion of the metropolitan area in the internati onal network of cooperation with other European D. metropolises, in particular those of Baltic States Y Y 1 1 1 2 0

E. improvement of transport and communication solution s in SMZ including the construction of a Western Ri ng Y Y 2 1 1 1 0 Road for Szczecin * The Szczecin Metropolitan Area is understood to be the following communes: Szczecin, Świnouj ście, Kobylanka, Goleniów, Gryfino, Stare Czarnowo, Dobra (Szczeci ńska), Kołbaskowo, Nowe Warpno, Police, Miasto Stargard Szczeci ński, Stargard Szczeci ński

123 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3. IMPROVING THE SPATIAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REGION Directional objective 3.2 The development of the Koszalin municipal agglo meration

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 0 Working in the agglomeration * to those working in the 10,99% 1. voivodeship District budget 2 OP Fish 0

Incomes declared on PIT and CIT per capita in the 20 240,65 PLN Commune budget 2 OP Infrastructure and Environment 2 2. agglomeration

National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 0

Number of agglomeration inhabitants per 1 cultural 3 822,05 people 3. establishment (libraries, cinemas, museums) Public-private partnership 0 Interreg IV A 0

Regional Operational Programme 2 Interreg IV B 1 4. Demographic potential of the agglomeration 9,03% OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government spatial development of the Koszalin agglomeration a imed at making use of the attributes of the sea pro ximity A. and the development of tourist infrastructure Y Y 1 2 1 0 0

planning and programming of the scientific, cultura l development potential in the region and the creat ion of B. institutions and networks of cooperation of pan reg ional significance Y Y 1 2 1 1 0

C. the development of industry, entrepreneurship and t he socio-economic potential Y Y 1 2 1 0 1

modernisation and development of the communication system and linking network, and in particular the D. national roads 6 and 11 Y Y 1 1 1 2 0

* The municipal agglomeration Koszalin is understood to be the communes of: Bedzin, Biesiekierz, Manowo, Mielno, Sianów, Świeszyno

124 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3. IMPROVING THE SPATIAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REG ION Directional objective 3.3 The development of pan regional, multi-modal tr ansport networks

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 0 1. National roads and motorways 49,8 km District budget 0 OP Fish 0

National roads and motorways as a proportion of all public roads 0,28% Commune budget 0 OP Infrastructure and Environment 2 2. National budget 2 OP Innovative Economy 0

Passenger traffic in airports, total 298 917 people Public-private partnership 0 Interreg IV A 0 3. Regional Operational Programme 2 Interreg IV B 2 4. International passenger traffic in sea ports, tota l 970 512 people OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government development of the Central European Transport Corri dor CETC-ROUTE65 axis and the creation of multi-mod al A. logistical-transport chains in a European setting Y Y 2 1 1 1 1 improvement of the communication links between Szcz ecin and Koszalin, as well as those cities and the rest of the B. country Y N 1 1 0 2 0 C. intermodal transport development and nodal networks of regional links, logistics centres and container terminals Y Y 1 1 0 2 0 The building and modernisation of road infrastructu re of the more important national roads (road no 3. 6. 10. 11), D. construction of city ring roads including Szczecin, Koszalin, Wałcz, Szczecinek, Kołobrzeg, , Płotów, Y Y 1 0 0 2 0 Recz, , Mirosławiec development of ex army aviation structures and the integration of aviation infrastructure with the nat ional road E. and rail road network. N Y 1 1 2 1 0 modernisation of rail road infrastructure in the re gion and its integration with regional and national transport F. systems Y Y 2 0 0 1 0 modernisation and development of water transport an d the increase in the share of ports, water ways G. infrastructure and inland fleet in the regional and national logistical – transport market, improvemen t in the N Y 1 0 0 2 0 navigability of the Odra water Way

125 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

Indicator name Base value Sources of finance

Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 0 1. Total logical length * of fibre optic internet conn ection 11 356 km

District budget 1 OP Fish 0

Commune budget 1 OP Infrastructure and Environment 1

Dwellings with access to the internet 46,40% 2. National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 2

Public-private partnership 0 Interreg IV A 0

Companies employing in excess of 10 people with bro adband Regional Operational Programme Interreg IV B 2 57,40% 2 3. internet access OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 2

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government development of IT networks infrastructure, includin g fibre optic networks, areas of wireless internet access, A. intranet networks, broadband networks cooperating w ith regional and national backbone networks Y Y 2 1 1 1 1

B. computerisation of schools, health service, cultura l and local government institutions Y Y 2 1 1 1 1 creation and development of applications and IT sys tems supporting the work of local governments and t he C. servicing of customers (e.g. electronic documents s ubmissions, a monitoring system for regional develo pment, Y Y 2 1 0 1 1 digital data gathering and processing development of IT systems and public internet acces s points ensuring ease of access to information, in cluding job D. vacancies, public information, economic , tourist a nd cultural offer and the gaining of external partn ers for Y Y 1 1 2 0 1

implementation of IT monitoring systems for importa nt events and dangers, including public safety, roa r traffic, E. environmental condition Y Y 0 0 0 2 0

F. improvement in IT safety of individuals and institu tions Y Y 0 0 0 2 0

* Logiczna długo ść ł ącza oznacza długo ść odcinka prostego pomi ędzy poł ączonymi punktami A i B a nie rzeczywist ą długo ść topologii ł ącza

* The logical length means the distance in a straight line between two connected points A and A and not the actual topological length of the link

126 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3. IMPROVING THE SPATIAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REGION

Directional objective 3.5 Energy infrastructure development

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 0 Rural Areas Development Programme 0 1. Electricity consumption in total per 1 inhabitant 3 254,66 kWh

District budget 0 OP Fish 0

3 Commune budget OP Infrastructure and Environment 2. Gas from the grid consumption per 1 inhabitant 644,9 m 1 2

National budget 2 OP Innovative Economy 1

3. Electricity consumption in industry 1 438 GWh Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 0

Regional Operational Programme 2 Interreg IV B 0

4. Capacity of electricity and heat generation 2 529,2 MW OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 1

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government construction and development of energy generatingnits u with the use of high efficiency and low emission A. technologies, limiting the negative environmentalffects e for the cogeneration of electricity and heat Y Y 0 0 1 2 1

improvement of reliability and transport capacityf the o national grid in the region by modernisinge thexisting B. and construction of new networks, replacement ofansformers tr and integration with external markets Y Y 0 0 0 1 2

C. development of decentralised energy systems N Y 1 0 1 2 1

D. the construction of LNG terminal inŚwinouj ście and an increase in the transport capacity ofs ga systems Y N 0 0 0 2 1

127 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3. IMPROVING THE SPATIAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REGION Directional objective 3.6 Improving the accessibility of areas with tourist and SPA attributes

Objective implementation indicators

Indicator name Base value Sources of finance

Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 1 1. Public roads in total per 100 sq. km. of the voivodeship 78,4 km

District budget 2 OP Fish 0

Commune budget 2 OP Infrastructure and Environment 1

2. Rail roads in use per 100 sq. km. of voivodeship area 5,3 km National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 0

Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 1

Regional Operational Programme 2 Interreg IV B 2 3. Length of regular bus routes 83 500 km

OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government implementation of road investments and modernisation of existing road infrastructure significant for the A. improvement of communication with SPA and tourist areas and towns Y Y 1 2 1 1 0

development of rail road links including narrow gauge railways, improving accessibility to tourist and SPA B. areas Y Y 1 1 1 2 1

128 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

4. RETENTION AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, RAT IONAL RESOURCE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE MANAGEMENT Directional objective 4.1 Improvement of the quality of environment and e cological safety

Objective implementation indicators Indicator name Base value Sources of finance

Dust pollution emitted into the atmosphere per sq. km. of the 1. voivodeship 221,08 kg/sq. km. Voivodeship budget 2 Rural Areas Development Programme 2 Gas pollution emitted into the atmosphere per sq. k m. of the 2. voivodeship 412,15 ton/sq. km. District budget 2 OP Fish 0

3. Degraded and desolated soils requiring recultivatin g 2 993 ha Commune budget 1 OP Infrastructure and Environment 2

National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 0 4. Length of sewage network compared to the water netw ork 57,34% Public-private partnership 0 Interreg IV A 1 5. Inhabitants using sewage treatment 60,07% Regional Operational Programme 2 Interreg IV B 2

6. Environmental protection expenditure per 1 inhabita nt 264,71 PLN OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities Voivodeship District Commune National Private and 2010-2015 2015-2020 government government government government non admin. government achieving and maintaining a good quality of water t hrough the elimination of pollutants in surface wat ers like A. dangerous substances from industrial, communal and agricultural sources Y Y 1 2 1 1 0 B. protection of the coastline and belt of the Baltic Sea and Zalew Szczeci ński Y Y 0 0 0 2 0

C. limiting pollution, noise and greenhouse gas emissi ons from communal, communication and industrial sou rces Y Y 0 0 2 1 0

D. protection of soils against the negative impact of agriculture and other forms of business activity Y Y 1 1 2 1 0 comprehensive waste management including the elimin ation of pesticide burial sites and dangerous mater ials (e.g. E. asbestos, PCB) Y N 2 1 1 1 0

F. cooperation with German border lands as far as tran sborder polluting is concerned Y Y 2 0 1 1 0 development of research in the priority aspects for environmental technologies as defined by the Europ ean G. Commission (water protection, air protection and pr evention of climate changes, sustainable production and Y Y 1 0 0 2 0 consumption cooperation of scientific entities, research centre s and economic entities in the scope of creating an d implementing H. new environmental solutions including energy consum ption, waste recycling and utilisation, reducing en ergy Y Y 1 0 0 2 0 requirements of production

129 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

4. RETENTION AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, RATIONAL RESOURCE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE MANAGEMENT Directional objective 4.2 Protection of natural heritage and the rational usage of resources

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget Rural Areas Development Programme Area of the voivodeship with natural attributes, protected under 1 1 21,50% 1. the law District budget 2 OP Fish 1

2. Annual reforestation 5 393,6 ha Commune budget 1 OP Infrastructure and Environment 1

National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 0

3. Natural monuments in total 2 596 pieces Public-private partnership 0 Interreg IV A 0

Regional Operational Programme 2 Interreg IV B 1 Water consumption by the national economy and population in 996,2 m3 4. total per 1 inhabitant OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 2

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government

A. re-introduction of endangered plant and animal species Y Y 1 0 0 2 1

B. creation of cohesive forest complexes, in particular in ecological areas and watersheds Y Y 0 0 0 2 0

rational mineral resource management and water consumption, as well as ensuring sustainability with usage C. and replenishment of underground water Y Y 2 1 1 1 0

D. rational management of healing waters and the areas where they occur Y Y 0 1 1 2 1

130 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

4. RETENTION AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, RATIONAL RESOURCE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE MANAGEMENT Directional objective 4.3 Increase in the share of renewable energy sources

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 1

District budget 0 OP Fish 0

Commune budget 1 OP Infrastructure and Environment 2

Share of energy generation from renewable sources of total 6% National budget OP Innovative Economy 0 1. energy generation 1

Public-private partnership 2 Interreg IV A 0

Regional Operational Programme 2 Interreg IV B 2

OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 2

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government

A. information and promotional activities for the usage of renewable energy sources Y Y 1 1 1 2 1

B. spatial economy management taking into account renewable energy sources Y Y 1 1 2 1 0

development of economic entities for the usage of renewable energy sources and their cooperation with C. educational institutional and local governments Y Y 1 0 0 2 0

D. use of renewable energy sources id residential dwellings N Y 1 1 1 2 1

131 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

4. RETENTION AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, RATIONAL RESOURCE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE MANAGEMENT Directional objective 4.4 Environmental protection and waste management infrastructure development

Objective implementation indicators

Indicator name Base value Sources of finance

1. Industrial and communal treated sewage 93,63% Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 1

2. Dust air pollution retained in pollution cleaning systems 99,40% District budget 1 OP Fish 0

Commune budget 2 OP Infrastructure and Environment 2 3. Gas air pollution retained in pollution cleaning systems 43,80%

National budget OP Innovative Economy Industrial and communal sewage pumped to ground waters or 1 0 4. ground requiring treating per 1 inhabitant 140,57 m 3 Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 0 Collected communal waste deposed at land fill sites per 1 5. inhabitant 295,19 kg Regional Operational Programme 2 Interreg IV B 1

Capacity of sewage treatment plants with high bioplasm 3 6. reduction according to plans per 1 inhabitant 0,1727 m /24h OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 2

Time frames Institutions involved National Private and Voivodeship District Commune government non Activities 2010-2015 2015-2020 government government government admin. government

A. development and modernisation of sewage networks, treatment plants and water supply systems YY 1 1 2 0 1

development and modernisation of anti flood and anti draught infrastructure systems (retention structures, B. dykes) YY 1 1 1 2 0

implementation of segregated waste collection and waste recycling as well as hazardous waste utilisation, C. including medical and veterinary YY 1 1 2 1 1

D. construction of installations for communal waste heat treatment including in Szczecin and Koszalin YN 1 1 2 0 1

132 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

4. RETENTION AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, RATIONAL RESOURCE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE MANAGEMENT Directional objective 4.5 Increasing the environmental awareness of the society

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 1

District budget 1 OP Fish 1

Commune budget 1 OP Infrastructure and Environment 2

1. Share of segregated waste collected in total communal waste 6,65% National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 0

Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 0

Regional Operational Programme 0 Interreg IV B 1

OP Human Capital 1 Interreg IV C 1

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government

A. ecological education including that addressed to children and teenagers Y Y 1 1 2 1 1

B. development of systems providing information regarding the environment, including internet facilities Y Y 2 1 1 1 1

C. promotion of pro ecological social and consumer values Y Y 1 1 1 2 1

133 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

4. RETENTION AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, RAT IONAL RESOURCE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE MANAGEMENT Directional objective 4.6 Revitalization of urban areas

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 2 Rural Areas Development Programme 0

District budget 2 OP Fish 0

Commune budget 2 OP Infrastructure and Environment 1

The number of local government and private enterpri ses aimed 28 pieces (2004 – 1. National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy at revitalization of urban areas* 2008) 0

Public-private partnership 2 Interreg IV A 0

Regional Operational Programme 2 Interreg IV B 2

OP Human Capital 0 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government A. spatial planning taking into consideration revitali zation needs Y Y 1 0 2 0 0

B. locating new investment projects in the first place in urban areas and earmarked for revitalization Y Y 0 1 2 0 1

renovation, revaluation and adoption of post indust rial and ex military structures and their adaption for C. cultural, sport and recreational, educational, trad e and service, office and residential use Y Y 1 1 2 0 1

D. revitalization, reconstruction old town urban solut ions Y Y 1 0 2 0 1

E. improving the standard of dwellings in desolated ar eas Y Y 0 0 2 0 1

* Surveys

134 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 5. DEVELOPING AN OPEN AND COMPETITIVE SOCIETY Directional objective 5.1 Workforce development for an innovative economy

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 0 1. Employment in R&D 1 946,5 EPC* District budget 0 OP Fish 0

Scientific and technological faculties students per 10 thous and 119,31 people Commune budget OP Infrastructure and Environment 2. inhabitants 0 0

National budget OP Innovative Economy 1 2 Masters Degree graduates 3. 16 873 people Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 0

Regional Operational Programme 2 Interreg IV B 0 PhD students as a proportion of Masters students 5,56% 4. OP Human Capital Interreg IV C 2 1 Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government creation of instruments for the identification and selecti on of educational and professional paths starting at the A. gimnasium level Y N 2 1 1 0 1 improving the attractiveness and availability of schooling at all le vels and in particular of maths, natural B. sciences, and technical subjects including the support of on demand education, creation of grant schemes Y Y 1 1 2 1 1 strengthening of adaption potential of workforce in companies th rough the implementation of new solutions in C. work organisation and scope, promotion and raising the level of prof essional qualifications, social responsibility Y Y 1 2 0 0 0 of business improving the skill sets of R&D facilities workforce in th e scope of commercialisation of research work e.g.: D. grants for PhD students Y Y 1 0 0 2 1

E. promotion and the support of work placements and experience amongst companies and universities Y Y 1 0 0 2 1

F. establishing innovative companies by scientists (spin-offs) and university graduates Y Y 1 0 0 1 2 * EPC – equivalent of full time work

135 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 5. DEVELOPING AN OPEN AND COMPETITIVE SOCIETY Directional objective 5.2 Increasing professional activity of the populat ion

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 1 1. Employment indicator 45,60% District budget 2 OP Fish 0

2. Unemployment rate according to BAEL 9,60% Commune budget 1 OP Infrastructure and Environment 0

National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 0

3. Newly employed indicator * 27,30% Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 0

Regional Operational Programme 2 Interreg IV B 0 4. Professional activity of the population indicator 50,40% OP Human Capital 2 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government ensuring equal opportunities on the job market and increasing access to information about it (e.g.: co urses, advice, A. information campaigns, social economics institution s) Y Y 1 2 1 1 1 establishments and creation of dialogue and a coord inated system of cooperation and information exchan ge B. between public employment services, job market inst itutions, employers and other organisations on the regional Y Y 2 1 1 0 1 and local level distributions and promotion of alternative and flex ible forms of employment and organisational work me thods and C. its time frames, including tele-work, shift work, p ost sharing, child care Y Y 1 2 1 1 1

D. increasing the geographic mobility of unemployed Y Y 1 2 1 1 1

E. professional activation of people in the immobile a ge and extension of professional activity of elderl y people Y Y 1 2 1 1 1

F. development of voluntary work as a stage of prepara tion for employment Y Y 1 2 1 0 2

* The number of new employees decreased by those returning to work from parental and unpaid leave to the number of those in employment s of the 31st of December the previous year

136 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 5. DEVELOPING AN OPEN AND COMPETITIVE SOCIETY Directional objective 5.3 Development of continuing education

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 1

District budget 2 OP Fish 0 1. Indicator of continuing education 5,50%

Commune budget 1 OP Infrastructure and Environment 0

National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 0

Public-private partnership 0 Interreg IV A 0

2. Post graduate students to people professionally act ive 0,91% Regional Operational Programme 1 Interreg IV B 0

OP Human Capital 2 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government

A. increasing awareness of the need to improve qualifi cations Y Y 1 1 1 2 1

development of a system of courses and professions qualifications by specialist courses, training, adv ice, B. practical’s and supplementary studies, post graduat e and PhD’s as well as study tours Y Y 1 2 0 1 1 widening and adjusting the educational offer to the needs of the job market, activation of older peopl e, reducing C. exclusions by higher education institutions, school for adults, continuing education institutions and professional Y Y 2 1 0 1 0 training D. development of work force for continuing education Y Y 2 1 0 1 0

137 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 5. DEVELOPING AN OPEN AND COMPETITIVE SOCIETY Directional objective 5.4 Development of vocational education according t o the needs of the economy

Objective implementation indicators

Indicator name Base value Sources of finance

Indicator of employment according to level of educa tion (basic 58,70% 1. vocational) Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 1

Indicator of employment according to level of educa tion (college 2. and vocational) 56,50% District budget 1 OP Fish 0

Commune budget 0 OP Infrastructure and Environment 0 3. Enrolment in high and vocational schools 28,14%

National budget OP Innovative Economy 0 Enrolment in basic and vocational schools 2 4. 13,44% Public-private partnership 0 Interreg IV A 0 Degree of satiation of the needs of the job market in various 5. education directions – % Regional Operational Programme 2 Interreg IV B 0

6. Trader and master trader exams - pieces OP Human Capital 2 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government creation and implementation of an identification sy stem of the directions of vocations education in ac cordance A. with the needs of the regional economy Y N 2 1 0 0 1

adjustment of the educational offer to meet the nee ds of the regional job market through cooperation w ith B. employers and job market institutions, improving th e quality of work placements and experience Y Y 1 2 0 0 1

C. creation of strong, specialised vocational training centres Y N 2 1 1 0 0

development of additional after schools and non aca demic lessons aimed at developing skill sets neces sary with D. special attention to IT, foreign languages, entrepr eneurship, mathematics and natural sciences Y Y 0 2 1 1 1

E. implementation of informal qualification assurance programmes Y N 0 0 0 2 0

* Surveys

138 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 5. DEVELOPING AN OPEN AND COMPETITIVE SOCIETY Directional objective 5.5 Developing an information society

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 0 Number of pupils per one computer connected to the inter net 10,99 people 1. and for the use of pupils District budget 1 OP Fish 0

2. Companies with a web site 54,80% Commune budget 1 OP Infrastructure and Environment 0

National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 0

3. Companies using the internet in to contact public administ ration 60,70% Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 0

Regional Operational Programme 2 Interreg IV B 0 4. Number of mobile phones per 1 thousand inhabitants - pieces OP Human Capital 2 Interreg IV C 1

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government general IT and communication education at all levels of education and in relation to all population groups, A. breaking of stereotypes and habits in this aspect Y Y 1 2 1 0 1

implementing mechanism for electronic document transfer, common web sites of services and institutions and B. alternative procedures and solutions implemented by public, economic and social partners Y N 1 0 0 2 0

implementation of a system of general access to courses facilit ating obtaining basic knowledge in the sue of a C. computer and internet for those out of work Y N 1 2 1 0 1

D. development of e-services, e-trade and other activities usin g advanced It technologies Y Y 1 1 1 2 1

E. increase in the availability of IT in residential dwellings, particularly in rural areas Y Y 1 0 1 1 2

139 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 5. DEVELOPING AN OPEN AND COMPETITIVE SOCIETY Directional objective 5.6 Improving the availability and participation in preschool education

Objective implementation indicators

Indicator name Base value Sources of finance

Children at preschools per 1 thousand children between 3-5 Voivodeship budget 0 Rural Areas Development Programme 1 474 people 1. years old District budget 1 OP Fish 0

Commune budget 2 OP Infrastructure and Environment 0 Number of children between 3-5 years old per one preschool 2. 170,24 people establishment National budget 0 OP Innovative Economy 0

Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 0

Number of children between 3-5 years old per one preschool Regional Operational Programme 0 Interreg IV B 0 1.64 people 3. place OP Human Capital 2 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government

A. establishing preschools and the extension of preschool educational offer in particular in rural areas Y Y 0 1 2 0 1

B. cooperation of local government with social and economic partners in creation and development of preschools Y Y 0 1 2 0 1

C. improving the qualifications of preschool staff and increasing the staff numbers, in particular in rural areas Y Y 0 1 2 0 1

140 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 6. AN INCREASE IN THE IDENTITY AND SOCIAL COHESION OF THE REGION Directional objective 6.1 Support of the family unit

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 1 1. Family population receiving social benefits to whol e population 11,86% District budget 2 OP Fish 0

2. Children at nurseries per 1 thousand children up t o 3 years old 34 people Commune budget 2 OP Infrastructure and Environment 0

National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 0

3. Members of multi-children families receiving help 36 427 people Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 0

Regional Operational Programme 0 Interreg IV B 0 4. Foster families 2 450 families OP Human Capital 2 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government support for families in a difficult financial situa tion, marginalised, multi children families, foster , broken and A. endangered Y Y 0 1 2 0 1

support and the promotion of solutions facilitating the implementation of the family function together with B. having a job Y Y 2 1 1 1 1

C. education and promotion forming the family and pare ntal values and a positive image of the family Y Y 0 0 1 2 1

D. implementation of support programmes for pregnant w omen and those with small children Y Y 1 1 2 1 1

integration of activities regarding functioning of the family (social assistance, health care, educati on, culture) E. Y Y 2 1 1 0 1 with the cooperation of social partners

141 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 6. AN INCREASE IN THE IDENTITY AND SOCIAL COHESION OF THE REGION Directional objective 6.2 Improvement of quality and availability of heal th care

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 2 Rural Areas Development Programme 1 1. Infant mortality rate per 1 thousand live births 5,1 people District budget 2 OP Fish 0

2. Average life span of women who are 60 years old 22.8 years Commune budget 2 OP Infrastructure and Environment 0

National budget 2 OP Innovative Economy 0

3. Average life span of men who are 60 years old 17,4 years Public-private partnership 0 Interreg IV A 0

Regional Operational Programme 1 Interreg IV B 0 4. Beds in general hospitals per 10 000 inhabitants 47,1 pieces OP Human Capital 1 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government ensuring high quality and availability of health ca re (including improving the technical equipment) in the scope A. of basic health care specialist emergency health ca re and SPA’s Y Y 1 1 1 2 1

B. reorganisation of medical emergency teams Y N 2 1 0 1 0

C. transformation of ownership structure f health acre facilities Y N 1 1 0 2 1

improving the educational level of medical personne l and their education in prevention, promotion and health D. education Y Y 1 1 1 2 1

adjusting health care to the growing number of elde rly people, enriching the forms of assistance to el derly, E. development of long term treatments and psychiatric help Y Y 1 1 1 2 1

F. promotion of a healthy life style Y Y 1 1 1 2 1

142 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 6. AN INCREASE IN THE IDENTITY AND SOCIAL COHESION OF THE REGION Directional objective 6.3 The support of local democracy and a civil soci ety

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 1 Rural Areas Development Programme 1 1. Local government election frequency (round I) 46% (2006) District budget 1 OP Fish 0

Commune budget 2 OP Infrastructure and Environment 0 2. Number of NGO’s 3 117 pieces

National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 0

Risk indicator per 10 000 inhabitants according to 7 popular 156,41 crimes 3. crimes Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 1

Regional Operational Programme 0 Interreg IV B 0 Joint expenditure of districts and communes on publ ic safety and 91,83 PLN 4. fire protection per one inhabitants OP Human Capital 1 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government development of partnerships and agreements, activat ion of institutions and the regions society and the A. implementation of projects for the development of l ocal democracy and civil society and improvement of the Y Y 1 1 2 0 1 quality and security of inhabitants' lives strengthening of the share of society in the access ibility to public information, decision making of l ocal and B. regional importance, voting rights, participation i n NGO’s Y Y 1 1 2 1 1

C. support for NGO’s and other forms of public activit y Y Y 1 1 1 2 0

improvement in public safety and reduction of risks in particular in the public domain, including thro ugh the D. creation of safe Public spaces Y Y 1 1 1 2 0

E. developing of social responsibility in business Y Y 1 1 1 1 2

* Klon/Jawor Society data

143 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 6. AN INCREASE IN THE IDENTITY AND SOCIAL COHESION OF THE REGION Directional objective 6.4 Improvement of identity and integration of loca l community

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget 2 Rural Areas Development Programme 1 1. Local identity indicator – % District budget 1 OP Fish 0

2. Number of people per cultural institution in rural areas 1 671,98 people Commune budget 2 OP Infrastructure and Environment 0

National budget 0 OP Innovative Economy 0

3. Initiatives and events improving locate identity 346 pieces Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 0

Regional Operational Programme 0 Interreg IV B 0 4. Members of sports clubs - people OP Human Capital 1 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government

A. defining and cultivation of element and attributes of locate identity Y Y 2 1 1 0 1

B. promoting in external relations the elements of reg ional identity Y Y 2 1 1 0 1

implementation of undertakings of a cultural , educ ational, sport and tourist character and the stren gthening C. of social identity of the region with cooperation f rom social institutions and partners Y Y 2 1 1 0 1

D. development of neighbours self-help groups Y Y 0 1 1 0 2

overcoming of limitation in social integration asso ciated with multigenerational, cultural, birth plac e, disability E. and other differences Y Y 1 1 2 1 1

* Surveys

144 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 6. AN INCREASE IN THE IDENTITY AND SOCIAL COHESION OF THE REGION Directional objective 6.5 Development of cultural heritage as a basis for regional identity

Objective implementation indicators

Indicator name Base value Sources of finance

Spectators and listeners in theatres, musical insti tutional per 1. 282,1 people 1 000 inhabitants Voivodeship budget 2 Rural Areas Development Programme 1

District budget 2 OP Fish 2. Library users per 1 000 inhabitants 164 people 0

Commune budget 2 OP Infrastructure and Environment 0 Expenditure of local governments on art and culture in total per 3. 135,33 PLN 1 inhabitant National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 0

Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 1 4. Cinema goers per 1 000 inhabitants 819 people Regional Operational Programme 0 Interreg IV B 0

5. Cultural centres 427 pieces (2007) OP Human Capital 2 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government popularising of culture and promotion of active par ticipation in culture including the support of inst itutional, A. widening the cultural offer, event organising, educ ational activities Y Y 1 1 2 1 1

B. support of local arts Y Y 1 1 2 0 1

C. protection of historic places and places of remembr ance Y Y 1 1 1 2 0

D. development of cultural infrastructure Y Y 1 1 2 1 1

E. widening of archives, museum and library collection s Y Y 1 1 1 2 0

F. coordinating and integration of the regional cultur al offer Y Y 2 1 1 0 1

145 Strategic and directional objectives as well as types of actions.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 6. AN INCREASE IN THE IDENTITY AND SOCIAL COHESION OF THE REGION Directional objective 6.6 Prevention of poverty and the processes of soci al marginalisation

Objective implementation indicators Sources of finance Indicator name Base value

Voivodeship budget Rural Areas Development Programme Percentage of people in danger of relative poverty after 2 2 16% 1. adjustment in incomes of social transfers District budget 2 OP Fish 0

2. Using social benefits per 10 000 inhabitants 656,9 people Commune budget 2 OP Infrastructure and Environment 0

National budget 1 OP Innovative Economy 0

3. Employment of disabled people 13,60% Public-private partnership 1 Interreg IV A 0

Regional Operational Programme 0 Interreg IV B 0 Share of people in the 18-59 age group in dwellings without 15,40% working people 4. OP Human Capital 2 Interreg IV C 0

Time frames Institutions involved Activities National Private and Voivodeship District Commune 2010-2015 2015-2020 government non government government government admin. government A. prevention of the processes of social marginalisati on Y Y 2 1 1 1 1

B. bottom-up initiatives to prevent poverty Y Y 1 1 2 0 0

C. partnership activities to assist social integration Y Y 2 1 1 1 1

D. development of social economy instruments Y Y 1 0 0 2 1

E. development of assistance and social integration st aff Y Y 2 1 1 1 1

implementation of training and forms of dialogue ad dressed to people and institutions regarding domest ic F. violence and its associated occurrences Y Y 2 1 1 1 1

146 Implementing and monitoring the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy

5. Implementing and monitoring the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy

5.1. Instruments used to implement the Strategy In accordance with the Act of 5 June 1998 of the local government of the voivodeship, the strategy of the provincial development is carried out by voivodeship programmes and regional operational programme.

5.1.1. Strategies and voivodeship’s programmes The currently functioning programme documents of the voivodeship concern particular areas of social and economic life. They are generally mid-term with time limit of 2015: Social aid and social cooperation − Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Strategy in scope of social policy until 2015 − Regional programme of actions for disabled individuals in years 2007-2015 − Regional programme of counteracting addiction for years 2006-2015 − Programme of counteracting violence in family in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship since 2007 until updated Healthcare − Sector strategy in scope of healthcare in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2001-2015. − Healthcare strategy in scope of neonatology and paediatrics in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2007-2013 − Healthcare development directions in scope of obstetrics and gynaecology in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2008-2013 − Healthcare development directions in scope of general surgery in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2008-2013 − Healthcare development directions in scope of internal medicine in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2008-2013 − Tasks of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Local government in scope of prophylactics and health promotion to be carried out for years 2005-2015 Culture, education and sport − Directions of actions taken by Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in scope of culture and protection of its goods until the end of 2020 − Directions of actions taken by Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in scope of medical education and educating personnel for social services until 2010 − Continual education of teachers in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship until 2011 Environmental protection − Environmental Protection Programme for Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2008-2011 − Waste Management Plan for Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2003-2015

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− Strategy of Agriculture and Rural Areas Development for Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2002-2015 − Development strategy of maritime economy for Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship until 2015 Development of agriculture and rural areas − Strategy of Agriculture and Development of Rural Areas for Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2002-2015 − Sector Operational Programme “Reorganization and modernization of food sector and development of rural areas 2004-2006” − Rural Areas Development Programme for years 2007-2013 − National Strategic Plan for Rural Areas Development for years 2007-2013 Infrastructure and transport − Assumptions for Programme of renewable energy based on renewable resources of energy, water and wind for years 2008-2015 − Transport Sector Development Strategy of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship until 2015 − Priorities of social and economic policy of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2009-2010 − Area Development Plan of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship − Development Strategy of Maritime Economy for Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship until 2015 − Environmental Protection Programme for Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2008-2011 with 2012-2015 perspective taken into account − Strategy of agriculture and rural areas development of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2002-2015 Tourism, economy and promotion − Tourism Development Strategy in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship until 2015 − Programme of infrastructural development concerning ports and marinas of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in the region of the Oder River, and the Baltic Sea coast for years 2008-2013. The document was prepared in order to apply for funds from the Regional Operational Programme Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship 2007-2013 within axis 5 – Tourism, culture, revitalization

Innovation − Regional Strategy of Innovation for years 2006-2015

5.1.2. Regional Operational Programme of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship

The Regional Operational Programme of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2007-2013 is a tool for implementation of objectives included in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy until 2020 as well as National Strategic Reference Frames and Strategic Guidelines of the Communefor years 2007-2013. It is a mid-term strategic document defining priorities and areas of usage as well as a system of implementing EU funds

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– the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in years 2007-2013.

The main objective of the Regional Operational Programme of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship is developing the voivodeship by increasing economic competitiveness, spatial cohesion and life quality of its inhabitants.

This objective will be achieved after accomplishing the following specific objectives: 1. Increase of innovation and effectiveness of management; 2. Improvement of investment attractiveness and territorial cohesion of the voivodeship; 3. Improvement of life quality through maintenance and protection of natural environment as well as increase of social base of the voivodeship.

Priority areas of the Regional Operational Programme of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship define the following priority axes which have been created for the programme: - Priority axis 1. Economy – Innovations – Technologies ; - Priority axis 2. Development of transport and energy infrastructure; - Priority axis 3. Development of informative society; - Priority axis 4. Infrastructure of environmental protection; - Priority axis 5. Tourism, culture and revitalization; - Priority axis 6. Development of metropolitan functions; - Priority axis 7. Development of social infrastructure and healthcare; - Priority axis 8. Technical help.

The strategy will form the basis for creating a regional operational programme in a new programming period.

5.1.3. Long-term Investment Programme Long-term Investment Programme of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship for years 2007-2013 has been approved by the act of the Regional Council of the Voivodeship by virtue of the Statute of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship as well as the act of 5 June 1998 concerning the local government of the voivodeship. Long-term Investment Programme includes a list of the most important task projects as well as investment undertakings carried out in the area of the voivodeship, implementation time of which is longer than one year and which are financed fully or partially by the budget of the local government of the voivodeship, in accordance with the regulations of the public finance act. Tasks included in the programme can be divided into some basic groups. These are: − investments possible to be co-financed with EU funds – projects carried out with the support of funds of the European Regional Development Fund ( Regional Operational Programme for years 2007-2013 will be the basis of using ERDF funds) − investments possible to be co-financed with foreign funds other than EU funds – projects carried out with the use of funds from the Norwegian Financial Mechanism and the Financial Mechanism of the European Economic Area. − investments possible to be co-financed within private and public partnership − long-term investments, continued, delivery date of which results from long accomplishment cycle

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− own investments – projects in implementation phase and planned projects, resulting from strategic decisions of the Local government of the Voivodeship

5.1.4. Territorial contract

The territorial contract which will substitute current provincial contracts is an instrument of regional policy implementation designed within the National Regional Development Strategy. It includes undertakings, the implementation of which is essential from the point of view of regional policy conducted by the government as well as development policy conducted by the local government of the voivodeship. The contract is concluded between the government, represented by the appropriate regional development minister and the local government of the voivodeship for minimum 3 years. The appropriate regional development minister will present an offer of strategic intervention areas being a subject of support within guidance (two subject areas and two types of spatially defined areas). The offer will be consulted with departments competent in given subject areas as well as with local governments taking part in the guidance. Basing on the accepted strategic intervention area proposal, the guidance participants both on the governmental side and local governmental side will prepare a list of priority undertakings geared towards task accomplishment in certain spatially defined areas, e.g. urban areas in scope limited by selected subject areas, e.g. research and development as well as energy infrastructure. Priority undertakings negotiated and included in the territorial contract can be financed with funds from different sources and can remain at disposal of different administrators: national funds (state budget, budget of territorial local governmental units, target funds, private capital), foreign funds (EU budget, funds of international financial institutions). Transferring funds for the implementation of the Contract depends on achieving indicators assumed during implementation.

5.2. Cohesion of Development Strategy of Voivodeship with national strategic documents. When creating the Development Strategy of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship the criterion of compliance with strategic documents of higher order was used. They defined directions, trends, challenges and scenarios of social and economic development of the state, with rules of sustained development taken into consideration. The Strategy includes primarily the regulations of the National Development Strategy, National Regional Development Strategy 2010-2020: Regions, Cities, Rural Areas as well as National Strategic Reference Frameworks (National Cohesion Strategy).

5.2.1. National Development Strategy

The National Development Strategy is a basic strategic document defining objectives and priorities of social and economic development of Poland as well as conditions which should ensure such development. The strategy sets objectives and identifies areas treated as the most important from the point of view of achieving the objectives , on which the state will concentrate its actions. It also takes into consideration the most important development trends of global economy and objectives , placed by the European Union in the updated Lisbon Strategy. NDS gives priority to actions which will be undertaken in years 2007-2015 in order

150 Implementing and monitoring the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy

to carry out the vision of Poland. The National Development Strategy is a long-term strategic document of social and economic development of the state and it forms a reference to other governmental strategies and programmes as well as those prepared by territorial local governmental units. NDS is a basic assumption for the National Cohesion Strategy (of National Strategic Reference Frameworks), National Strategic Plan for Rural Areas and Fishing Development Strategy as well as operational programmes resulting from them. Time limit of the Strategy coincides with the period of a new EU financial perspective for years 2007- 2013 (together with using the n+2 rule of expending funds) The main objective of the National Development Strategy is to increase the quality of life for Polish inhabitants: particular citizens and their families. In order to achieve it, the following priorities will be used to define the most important directions and actions: 1. Increase of competitiveness and economic innovation 2. Improvement of condition of technical and social infrastructure 3. Increase of employment and its quality 4. Creation of integrated social community and its safety 5. Development of rural areas 6. Regional development and increase of territorial cohesion Referring objectives of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy to the priorities of the National Development Strategy has been included in appendix 2.

5.2.2. National Regional Development Strategy 2010-2020

The National Regional Development Strategy 2010-2020: Regions, Cities, Rural Areas defines objectives and ways of acting for public entities, particularly the government as well as local governments of the voivodeship, in order to achieve strategic objectives of the state development. The document sets objectives of regional policy for cities and rural areas. It also defines their relations in reference to other public policies with visible territorial direction. The strategic objective of the regional policy in the NRDS perspective is an effective use of specific regional and territorial development potentials to achieve objectives of state development –employment increase and cohesion in long-term perspective. NRDS defines three specific objectives: 1. Supporting the increase of regional competitiveness 2. Creating territorial cohesion and counteracting marginalization processes in problem areas 3. Creating conditions for effective and partnership accomplishment of development actions directed at .

The arrangement of NRDS objectives is compliant with basic areas of NRDS influence until 2020 and it creates a triad: competitiveness-cohesion-efficiency, based on assumptions of reshaping ways of thinking about the role of regional policy and its realization. Accomplishment of such specified objectives will allow concentration on potentials, and not development barriers, by strengthening regional competitiveness and their growth processes. Objectives aim at achieving positive changes which increase regional and state competitiveness as well as decrease disproportions in development possibilities inside regions and between them.

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Reference of objectives of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy to objectives of regional policy of the National Development Strategy has been included in appendix 3 .

5.2.3. National Strategic Reference Frameworks

The National Strategic Reference Frameworks (National Cohesion Strategy) is a governmental strategic document specifying priorities and areas of use as well as the EU funds implementation system for years 2007-2013: European Regional Development Fund, European Social Fund and Cohesion Fund. NSRF is a reference instrument used to prepare operational programmes with regulations of the National Development Strategy for years 2007-2015 taken into consideration. The strategic objective of the National Cohesion Strategy is: creating conditions for Polish economy competitiveness growth based on knowledge and entrepreneurship ensuring employment increase as well as higher social, economic and spatial cohesion. This objective has been formulated in reference to the European cohesion policy – funds expended within NSRF will ensure the increase of social and economic cohesion of Poland and its regions in respect of the EU average through structural reforms and concentration of expenses in areas with decisive importance for accelerating the economic growth and increasing employment. The strategic objective will be achieved after implementing these horizontal specified objectives:

1. Improvement of public institution functioning quality and expanding partnership mechanisms 2. Improvement of human capital quality and increase of social cohesion 3. Creation and modernization of technical and social infrastructure with basic importance for the competitiveness increase in Poland 4. Increase of competitiveness and innovation of entrepreneurships, particularly production sector with high added value and service sector development 5. Increase of Polish regional competitiveness and counteracting social, economic and spatial marginalization 6. Levelling development chances and supporting structural changes in rural areas

Such arrangement of horizontal objectives reflects main directions of cohesion policy concentration in order to achieve the strategic goal. Objectives of the National Cohesion Strategy will be achieved with the help of operational programmes managed by the Regional Development Ministry, regional operational programmes managed by voivodeships and project co-financed with structural instruments. Reference of objectives of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy to horizontal detailed objectives of the National Strategic Reference Frameworks (NSS) has been included in appendix 4.

5.3. Strategy and area development plan of the voivodeship

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The area development plan of the voivodeship is a second basic document, besides development strategy, passed by the Regional Council of the Voivodeship. It decides about the regional development. The area development plan forms a transfer of strategic regulations into the field of area development. It also creates conditions to carry out investment intentions outside the municipal territory. The area development plan of the voivodeship defines long-term rules of shaping spatial structure of the voivodeship. It is based on the rule of proper and rational spatial development and it contributes to achieving balanced provincial development, with the following needs taken into consideration in particular: − broad use of its location – near the sea and near the Oder river − protection of using unique resources and values of the natural environment and culture as well as landscape in social and economic development − improvement of civilization standard and life conditions of inhabitants − integration of the spatial structure of the voivodeship − defence and safety of the state as well as people and their possessions The plan defines rules of the spatial structure organization of the voivodeship: basic elements of settlement grid, locating communication, technical and social infrastructure and requirements in scope of safeguarding the natural environment and protecting cultural goods, with areas of particular protection taken into consideration. Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Area Development Plan eases coordination of strategies and various intentions as well as programmes with emphasis on time and place of their implementation. Reference of objectives of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy to functional areas defined in the Area Development Plan of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship has been included in appendix 5.

5.4. Financial sources of the Strategy Implementation of the Strategy will be primarily based on public funds. In order to conduct the effective regional policy they should be internal funds of the voivodeship. These include: • budgets of territorial local governments (communes, counties, voivodeship) • state budget (budget of the governor, funds of ministers directed to implementation of ministerial programmes) • budgets of target funds (e.g. Provincial Environmental Protection and Water Management Fund) • budgets of governmental agencies regional centres (e.g. Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture Besides internal funds of the voivodeship, the following external funds will be used to implement the Strategy: • State budget funds (directed within the state regional policy); • EU funds within conducted policies (particularly cohesion policy, Joint Agricultural Policy, Framework Programmes in scope of Technological Development) • funds of other states (e.g. Swiss and Polish Cooperation Programme) • bank loans as well as other loans (including those offered by international financial organisations, instruments of Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego etc.)

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Private funds will also be used to fulfil regulations of the Strategy. Their level of engagement (the so called financial lever effect) will indicate the correctness of actions selected for accomplishment. Directional objective charts include their financing matrix by particular financial streams, according to the following scale: • 2 recommended • 1 possible • 0 not applicable

5.5. Institutions responsible for accomplishment of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy

The society of the voivodeship is a subject of strategic programming on a regional level and the strategy of provincial development results from a social and institutional agreement. Therefore its accomplishment will include almost all institutions, governmental and local governmental administration offices of all levels, agencies and foundations, large, medium and small business entities, universities as well as science and research centres, educational, cultural, healthcare and welfare institutions and particular citizens. Responsibility frames have also been defined, similarly to financing sources. Here the responsibility has been shown in a more detailed way – on the action level. The main actors responsible for the implementation of the Strategy on this level have been ordered with separated functions and tasks into five groups: • governmental administration • voivodeship local government • district local government • commune local government • private and non-governmental initiatives (including public and private partnership) Directional objective charts include responsibility level of particular institutions for the implementation of actions of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy according to the following scale: • 2 leading • 1 partial • 0 none

5.6. Time frames of the Strategy accomplishment 2020 has been accepted as a time limit for the Voivodeship Development Strategy implementation. It will be compliant with the National Development Strategy validity period, which is a superior document over other strategies and governmental programmes as well as programmes prepared on a regional level. The provisions of acts concerning mid-term national development strategy show that the provincial development strategy should include the time limit of 2015.

Objective charts include information concerning tasks until 2015 as well as 2015- 2020 (Y=yes, N=no).

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5.7 Strategy monitoring Strategy monitoring is a process of systematic collection, processing, analysing and publication of reliable information, with the aim of ensuring conformity of implementation with the assumed operational objectives. Monitoring will be an element linking programming and implementation of regional development, will allow the overseeing and corrections to the activities undertaken and at the same time provides a possibility to rationally plan and particularise future activities. Effective monitoring systems allow also for a correct allocation of financial means assigned to particulate tasks. The voivodeship government is responsible for monitoring regional development. In the structures of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Marshalls Office, the Regional Policy Department is responsible for monitoring and in particular one of its sub departments Office of Analysis and Strategic Studies. This unit known as the Monitoring Unit has direct responsibility for the creation and day to day running of the monitoring system. Voivodeship Board oversees the functioning. The Voivodeship Board assumed that the Voivodeship Development Strategy monitoring will not be a separate issue, but will be an element of the socio-economic development monitoring system of the region which has 4 tasks:

No Task description Questions answered by the task Monitoring of the strategy and If and to what extent the implementation voivodeship programmes (including indicators for the strategy objectives were 1 Voivodeship Development Strategy) achieved? What is the further development in accordance with the rules and diagnosis? indicators defined in these documents) Forecasting the state of development What is the diagnosis of development trends of the region and trends, tendencies, 2 in a given area? What are the dangers in the need and dangers in individual areas region? What are the opportunities? with as small as possible a delay. How does the region compare to other Polish Benchmarking of the region with and EU regions? For which indicators does other national and EU regions both in the region attain good results and for which 3 individual areas and in a synthetic not so good? Does external convergence way. occur in the region (i.e.: in comparison to other regions)? What is the spatial variation for indicators? Highlighting of territorial variations Which locations (communes, districts, and (on the district and commune level) in 4 cities) require intervention? Is there the regional development in relation to convergence internal to the region? individual areas.

From the point of view of the Voivodeship Development Strategy monitoring, task 1 is the most important and it occurs on three levels: − monitoring of socio-economic changes in the voivodeship;

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− monitoring of the objectives implementation on the basis of indicators ensuing from quantifying of these objectives; − monitoring of the implementation of programmes in the Strategy

The main units of monitoring illustrating all of the aspects of the regional development are 20 monitoring areas. As a result of further, more detailed, division of the areas factors appear.

Table 3. Monitoring areas of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy

No Area Factors 1 Natural conditions area, geographical conditions, natural resources population density, migration, natural growth, life 2 Demography expectancy, economic activity social problems, development of local democracy, 3 Social capital public services budgets, local government activity, operational 4 Local government programmes, administration the state of health of the society, closed and open 5 Health care medical services 6 Culture according to forms of activity school, academic education, continuing education, 7 Education qualifications supply and demand, employment, professional 8 Job market activity, work abroad, employment in knowledge based sectors industry, services (inc. tourism), agriculture, 9 Economy construction, companies innovation awareness, patents, technology transfer, 10 Innovation clusters 11 Science no divisions infrastructure, computerisation, applications, digital 12 Information society exclusion road and railways infrastructure, public transport, 13 Transport road, rail road and sea carriage 14 Energy according to energy sources The state and protection 15 according to loads of the environment

16 Communal economy supply of utilities, waste management

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17 Spatial economy settler network, land usage, spatial planning

18 Housing no divisions 19 Population wealth no divisions 20 Regional balance GDP, added value, investments

The target structure ensuing from the created system will be a set of indicators which will constitute the basis of making evaluations, decisions, forecasting and comparisons with other regions – thus for the implementation of system tasks. The indicators will be created from variables of numerical values from measurements or research. Each indicator will be assigned to one area of monitoring and at the same time - in relation to task 1 - to one of the 34 directional objectives of the Voivodeship Development Strategy In the directional objectives charts, the names of indicators were given, corresponding to a given objective with the base values. It was assumed that in each directional objective one indicator (defined in the indicator summary in the objectives charts under item 1) is a so called lead indicator i.e.: the most representative for a given objective. The lead indicator will be used for the monitoring of the directional objective implementation dynamic (through the calculation of its variation over time) as well as – if possible – to compare with other regions. The whole of the information regarding each indicator will be collected on a so called Indicator Chart holding the sources of data, variables, formulas and indicator interpretation, neither base and target values the set of indicators collected so far is nor final. During the operation of the system verification will be carried out of the usefulness of indicators for the implementation of tasks. As possibilities appear of using two sources of data (e.g. digital geodesic data, satellite images) the system will incorporate new indicators. Synthetic indicators should also be worked out corresponding to each of the strategic objectives. The change in the indicators and change in lead indicators does not entail the necessity to update the Voivodeship Development Strategy.

In individual areas of monitoring, the Monitoring Unit should cooperate with the appropriate institutions like departments of the Marshalls Office and other organisational units of local governments (E.G.: ROSP, RBGP, Zachodniopomorskie Obserwatorium Rynku Pracy), institutions involved with collection and processing of data (e.g.: Statistical Office in Szczecin, Treasury Chamber in Szczecin), public administration units, educational institutions, regional development agencies. The permanent cooperation in the scope of providing data should also be initiated with the local government units in the region and units monitoring the regional and national operational programmes, including RPO, PROW, POKL, POIG, POI Ś, and EWT. The monitoring works will have a periodic character and will entail: 1. Defining the needs of individual cells of local government and other interested parties as to the type of information and scope of monitoring. 2. Establishment or verification of operations procedures in the scope of: content of Indicator Charts, cooperation rules with external units, rules for data processing, results publishing and time frame of the works with individual indicators. 3. Acquiring of data from primary sources (e.g. surveys) and secondary (e.g. from GUS, Eurosts, SIMIK system). 4. Collection and processing of data An electronic database will be created for the needs of the system, with both acquired data and processed according to the Indicator Charts.

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5. Publication of results. The main way of making information available will be an internet application e-Region described below. Furthermore, periodically in paper formats data and reports will be published 6. Analysis and evaluation The calculated indicator values for each of the four of the system Tasks will be analysed by the Monitoring Unit (in cooperation with external units). Such analysis will be made publish on the web site with a possibility of supplementing it by the opinions of interested parties. Periodically on the basis of the above information, a complete evaluation of the situation will be carried out in a given area together with proposals of possible tasks for the voivodeship government as changes in the monitoring system. 7. Decisions of the voivodeship government. The situation evaluations discussed above and the proposals will be given to the Voivodeship Board which will then present them for consultations with interested parties active in a given area. To this end, the Voivodeship Board will appoint a Monitoring Committee which will include: Voivodeship Marshall, representatives of communes and districts, economic, social and non-government organisations, representatives of entities undertaking tasks as part of voivodeship programmes. The local government may also use the existing bodies e.g.: Wojewódzka Rada Zatrudnienia, Regionalna Rada ds. Gospodarki, Nauki i Innowacji, Regionalna Rada ds. Społecze ństwa Informacyjnego, ZROT, Konwent Starostów, Konwent Wójtów, Burmistrzów i Prezydentów Miast. The consultations will yield recommendations on the basis of which Voivodeship Board will implementation priorities for the forthcoming planning period and define the implementation indicators of objectives for different levels of the strategy. This decision will be presented to the regional parliament for acceptance.

The main method for communicating for the monitoring system with its interested parties is a custom made internet application in the form of a web site (http://www.eregion.wzp.pl/). The main task of this application, named in previous document “eRegion” is making available to interested parties and institutions numerical data (main indicator values) and other documents created as a result of the system operation both in a states way (ready objects 0 databases, figures graphs, tables, reports) and an interactive way, with the ability to generate data summaries (in the form of databases, tables, maps or graphs) in an online mode. The site will also contain current forecasts of indicator values describing the predicted voivodeship development trends. The basis for the eRegion site is the division into the 20 monitoring areas, each of which will have its own page.

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Home page of eRegion site

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Data explorer of eRegion site

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STREAM OF DATA FLOWS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIAGNOSIS AND MONITORING OF THE ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

Zachodniopomorskie Statistical data published in Voivodeship reg. parliament annuals, bulletins and on Annual Szczecin’s GUS and US research internet sites. Zachodniopomorskie Other data and freely Executive Board available information, rankings, evaluations, External reports reports etc. Database Annual socio-economic diagnosis and ZVDS Local government surveys ZVDS monitoring report: 2008-2021 Bi-annual ZVDS research monitoring monitoring unit committee Interim and final ZVDS Surveys of selected economic performance report: entities and self regulating trade 2010, 2013, 2015 organization.

ZVDS monitoring unit ZVDS monitoring website, Surveys of selected associations available to the public and institutions own research

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STREAM OF DATA FLOWS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIAGNOSIS AND MONITORING OF THE ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY UP TO 2020

External reports which should be considered in making periodic evaluations of the implementation of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy come from different sources. Data from aforementioned sources will be collected for each period form 2009 – 2020, it will be placed in the database and the monitoring database (indicator sheets) and on this basis the appropriate indicator values will be calculated for the ZVDS. The analysis of results will be carried out once per annum starting in 2009, presented to the Monitoring Committee of ZVDS as an "Annual socio-economic diagnosis and monitoring ZVDS report" After acceptance by the Monitoring Committee a summary of the analysis will be made available to the public on the internet site. In the years 2010, 2014, 2016, 2021 more detailed reports will be prepared “Intermediate ZVDS implementation reports" and in 2021 a final report “Final ZVDS implementation report”. After acceptance by the Monitoring Committee a summary of the reports will be made available to the public on the internet site.

162 List of figures, tables and maps

List of figures

Figure 1. Gender and age structure of the voivodeship population in 2008 ...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 2. Summary of percentage share for selected demographic parameters of the voivodeship as compared to the national population totals and other voivodeships in 2008...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 3. Percentage of couples divorcing amongst the proffessionally active population in the country during 2004 - 2008...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 4. A summary of the selected parameters connected with self-destructive behaviours in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in the backdrop of other voivodeships in 2009.. 14 Figure 5. Voivodeship budget – actual 2008 expenses structure ...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 6. Voivodeship budget – actual 2008 expenses structure according to type of activityi ...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 7. Incomes and expenditures per capita in the districts’ and voivodeship budgets in 2008...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 8. Proportions of investment expenditures of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship tertiary government units kn 2000 and 2008 (as %) .... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 9. The results of gimnasium examinations in points in the voivodeships in the region in 2009...... 26 Figure 10. The number of upper secondary school students in 2005-2008 in the Voivodeship ...... 27 Figure 11. Pass rate of vocational examinations in districts of the Voivodeship in comparison to the region in 2008...... 28 Figure 12. The results in points of the maturity examination of humanities, mathematical and science subjects at the basic level in 2009...... 29 Figure 13. The student of high schools according to the type of studies per 10000 inhabitants in 2008 ...... 30 Figure 14. Higher education students per 10000 inhabitants in particular voivodeships during 2004-2008...... 31 Figure 15. Economic activity of the voivodeship inhabitants during 2004-2009 ...... 32 Figure 16. Economic activity of the inhabitants in particular voivodeships in 2008...... 32 Figure 17. Unemployment rate recorded in the subregions of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in 2000-2009 ...... 33 Figure 18. The percentage of the employed in particular economic sectors in the scope of the Voivodeship in 2008...... 34 Figure 19. The number of registered economic entities per 1 000 inhabitants in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in relation to analogous sizes in Poland and other voivodeships in 2008...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 20. National economy entities in total and per 10 000 inhabitants according to sub regions in 2008...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 21. Evaluation of investment attractiveness of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in 2009*...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 22. Sold production in total per 1 inhabitant of the voivodeship as a percentage of the national production in 2004 - 2008 ...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 23. Sold industrial production in total of the sub-regions in 2008 ...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.

163 List of figures, tables and maps

Figure 24. Sold industrial production value per 1 inhabitant of the voivodeship in 2008 .Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 25. Number of inhabitants per hypermarket in the voivodeship in 2007...... 42 Figure 26. Building and assembly production sales per one inhabitant in Poland and the voivodeship in 2004 - 2008...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 27. Building and assembly production in the voivodeship in 2004 - 2008 (absolute value in million PLN and share in the national production...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 28. Building permits issued in the voivodeship in 2005-2008 (floor space and share in the national permits)...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 29. Average size of arable lands at farms in Poland and the voivodeship in 2008.. Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 30. Accommodation provided at multi guest facilities according to voivodeship in 2008 (percentage data, Poland = 100%)...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 31. Accommodation provided to domestic and foreign tourists at multi guest facilities according to voivodeship in 2008 (percentage data, Poland = 100%)...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 32: Degree of usage of lodgings in Poland and the voivodeship in 2004-2008 Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 33. Cargo handling in chosen ports of the Pomorskie and Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeships according to cargo types in 2008...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 34. Structure of cargo handling according to sea ports in 2008...... 57 Figure 35. Total expenditure on research-development activity in the year 2008...... 60 Figure 36. Expenditure on research and development in the Polish zloty per capita and in the enterprise sector in millions of PLN in the year 2008...... 61 Figure 37. Selected characteristics of the informatization of schools* in the province, including the comparison with other voivodeships in the year 2008...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Figure 38. Selected characteristics of the informatization of voivodeship enterprises, including the comparison with other voivodeships on the year 2008...... 67 Figure 39. The inhabitants access to the municipal infrastructure, including a comparison with other regions in 2008...... 83 Figure 40. New buildings completed by division of sub-regions in the years 2005-2008..... 888 Figure 41. Dwellings completed per 10 000 inhabitants in the districts of the voivodeship in 2008[pieces] ...... 890 Figure 2. Average usable floor space per capita in the districts of the voivodeship in 2008 [m²] ...... 89 Figure 43. Share of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship GDP in the national GDP in 1999 - 2007...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. 1 Figure 44. GDP per capita (current prices), Poland=100;2000-2007 Polish viovodeships and subregions of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship...... 932 Figure 45. Change dynamics in the national GDP share during 1999-2007...... 932 Figure 46. GDP in total, Zachodniopomorskie as compared to Poland, year 1999 = 1...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. 2 Figure 47. The average mnthy gross income in voivodeships as compared to the national everage in 2004 - 2008...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki.

List of tables

164 List of figures, tables and maps

Table 1. Basic structural data for sectors in the voivodeship and Poland in 2007...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Table 2. Houses furnishing with the sanitary-technical installations in Poland and the region in 2008...... 887 Table 3. Monitoring areas of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy ...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. 4

List of maps

Map 1. Natura 2000 areas of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship.. Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Map 2. The share of children in preschool facilities as the total number of children of 3 – 5 years of age in 2008...... 25 Map 3. Areas with the highest and lowest levels of activity of last mile operators (number of active operators of access networks in the commune)...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Map 2. Time-related access to the Voivodeship capitals by roads in 2008 ...... 69 Map 5. Heat and electricity generation and the largest power stations in Poland in 2004. Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Map 6. Wind map of Polande...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. Map 7. Evaluation of Zachodniopomorskie rivers in 2008...... 78 Map 8. Large-spatial and functional areas of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship ...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. 4 Map 9. Level of ecenomic growth in communes in 2002 and 2007 .... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. 3 Map 10. Synthetic indicator values of the economic potential of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship communes in 2008...... Bł ąd! Nie zdefiniowano zakładki. 3

165 Appendices

Appendix 1. SWOT analysis

ECONOMY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES • Border and coastal location of the • High unemployment particularly in voivodeship rural areas • Multi-functionality of the Szczecin • Socio-economic development metropolitan area; attractive investment disproportions in a spatial arrangement plots • Competition between the regions with • Koszalin metropolitan area with respect to new investment locations attractive investment plots • Lack of a cohesive investment support • Existing higher education institutions system with a broad educational potential • Efficiency disproportions between • A large percentage of students in the different industries in the region scientific and engineering faculty • Low level of investments in R&D, • Existing investment activity zones particularly by companies • High density of micro-enterprises • Low level of cooperative agreements or • Favourable distribution of enterprises agreements between science and across the industries economy • Low labour costs • Weak investment culture • Developed maritime and fish processing • Educational offer not reflecting fully the industries needs of the job market • A large number of farms producing • Insufficiently promoted regional tourist organic food products. • High productivity of farms • Insufficiently developed tourist • Favourable agricultural structure information network in the region • Multiple tourist attractions • Limited effects of the Szczecin and • Health resorts attributes and the largest Koszalin metropolitan areas on the rest coastal health resorts in Poland of the region • Favourable conditions for active and • Poor economic image of the region specialist tourism • The regions potential for attracting • Developed accommodation base in the foreign investment poorly developed coastal belt • A small and decreasing number of food • Proximity of the Berlin metropolitan processing facilities area • Untapped potential of small ports and fishing marinas • Small number of high standard accommodation offered • Small number of events promoting the region’s image • Unstable planning of incomes from PIT and CIT taxes, which constitute about 20% of local government's incomes

OPPORTUNITIES DANGERS

166 Appendices

• Shift of production from old to new EU • Production stoppage and liquidation of countries the Szczecin shipyard • Increase in the political and economic • Economic marginalisation of north-west significance of the Baltic Sea Region in Poland the EU and Polish politics • Undervaluation of the R&D sector in • Dynamic development of water tourism Poland • Economic activity diversification in • Insufficient level of investment in rural areas modern IT technologies • An awakening of cluster awareness in • Poor availability of attractive sources of the region finance for companies • Further development of investment • Poor absorption of EU structural funds activity zones on the national and regional levels • Establishment of a technology park in • Outflow of qualified workforce Szczecin and Koszalin • More effective utilisation of EU funds • Utilisation of the scientific potential of academic centres with respect to innovation • Introduction of a tasks budget in tertiary local government units

INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES • Good communication links with • Poor technical condition of the roads Western and Northern Europe • Insufficient trunk roads • Developed road links, including trans- • Weak development of roads network in national rural areas • Sea ports (Szczecin – Świnouj ście, Police, • Insufficient development of ring roads for Kołobrzeg, Darłowo) as elements of multi- cities including Szczecin and Koszalin modal transport networks located along the main communication • Network of small sea ports routes • Odra Water Way • Lack of permanent road link between • Existence of an international regional the Uznam and Wolin islands in airport Szczecin - Goleniów Świnouj ście • Well developed railway network within the • Lack of an integrated communication Szczecin metropolitan area system for the Szczecin metropolitan area • A lot of potential for locating new • Poor accessibility of investment and tourist enterprises areas • Large amounts of geodesic and spatial • Poor water, road and rail accessibility of sea information (GIS) ports from shore side and the ensuing • A well developed air and surface water untapped potential of these ports quality monitoring systems • Unsuitability of the Oder water way to • Landscape variability and unique scenery communication objectives and international • Well preserved state of the environment, standards numerous environmental protection • Poor condition of the Szczecin – schemes, environmental richness. Świnouj ście water way (fairway) • Multiple geothermal assets • Poor utilisation of local rail links • A lot of potential for the development of • Poor condition of electricity grid

167 Appendices

renewable energy • Local Plans not covering the whole • European Union membership voivodeship • Slow progression of water management and retention processes • Insufficient state of network infrastructure for potable water treatment • Insufficient communal and hazardous waste utilisation and recycling infrastructure • Air and noise pollution in large cities originating from road traffic OPPORTUNITIES DANGERS • Road infrastructure development, • Delays in the realisation of the including trunk roads as well as local motorways and trunk roads network, and regional roads transport marginalisation • The creation, through joint actions on • Underinvestment of railway and rolling the national and EU levels, of stock infrastructure favourable communication and • Lack of a coordinated and systematic development conditions for the Central national maritime policy European Transport Corridor CETC- • Unequal treatment of North – South ROUTE65 links by the Polish government, • Implementation of motorway of the sea consequentially a weakening of (Świnouj ście – Scandinavia) as an territorial cohesion of the country extension of the land section of the • No AGN agreement ratification by the Central European Transport Corridor Polish government CETC-ROUTE65 • Economic and environmental impact of • Execution of the Świnouj ście – investments and undertakings in the Klaipeda motorway of the sea German border regions • Implementation and development of • Uncontrolled transport of waste from pan-regional and trans-border abroad and its dumping in the communication systems, including voivodeship improvement of Oder navigability, • Higher investment costs within construction of the Oder - Danube protected areas • Legal and infrastructural barriers for the • Construction of an external port in development of renewable energy Świnouj ście with an LNG terminal • Maladjustment of installations to the together with the modernisation of the new EU requirements in the scope of fairway environment protection • Development of ferry shipping and an • Lack of waste management improvement in the attractiveness of infrastructure Polish ports • Late implementation of new low • Utilisation of natural resources for the pollution technologies in manufacturing development of economy plants • Creation of a complete tourist • Shortage of potable water in the coastal infrastructure (yacht ports, cycling belt as a barrier to the development of trails, accommodation, information tourism, locally lack of water for points) agricultural needs • New energy sector investments • Construction of a nuclear power station • Possibilities of trans-border energy distribution

168 Appendices

• Construction of thermal waste utilisation facility in Szczecin and Koszalin • “Fast tram” for the Szczecin metropolitan area • Connection of the Goleniów airport to the railway network • Construction of an airport in Zgierz Pomorski • Development of air transport infrastructure • Introduction of a tasks budget in tertiary local government units

SOCIETY STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES • Strong educational and academic base • Poor educational results for teenagers, • Creation of a new higher education measured by exam results institution in Szczecin – Arts Academy • Insufficient medical workforce, including • High quality of educational institutions nursing for teachers • Uneven distribution of health care • High urbanisation indicator provision in the voivodeship with difficult access • Relatively young society and a low • Insufficient development of day and deaths indicator community care • Solid diagnostic and treatment as well • Insufficient psychiatric care as health resort base of a pan-regional • Insufficient infrastructure and equipment- character facilities base • An increase in the number of funds • Marginalisation of prevention and earmarked for hospital infrastructure promotion of health, lack of coordination investments of these activities • Dynamic activities to adjust health care • Collapse of medical colleges units to specialist and sanitary • Limited access to information society requirements infrastructure • An increasing number of accreditations • Numerous groups and communities and quality certificates received from endangered by marginalisation SP ZOZs. • Lack of non government organisations for • Varied cultural heritage the creation of fundamental civil attitudes, • Properly functioning non government integration • organisations supporting the disabled Collapse of cultural centres in villages • • Functioning non-government organisations Lack of funds for the construction of in the region of prevention, education and cultural centres in small townships reduction of damages caused by addictions • A small number of sports structures, and violence such as sports halls, football stadiums,

169 Appendices

• A developed social policy institutional swimming pools and their poor quality infrastructure, e.g.: intervention, care and • Lack of funds for the running of sports educational units. clubs • Omitting of Szczecin for the European Championships 2012 • Insufficient cooperation and information sharing between local government units, institutions, non- government organisations and educational establishments within the scope of addiction and violence prevention

OPPORTUNITIES DANGERS • Establishment of the global tendency • Deepening tendencies increasing the to develop the economy based on development disproportions between knowledge and an information society metropolitan and other areas • Increase in awareness with regards to • Numerical social exclusion, and in the need to further education and particular of people over the age of 50 improving professional qualifications and inhabitants of villages • Maintaining a good position of the • Limited access to education due to voivodeship with regards to continuing economic reasons and a permanently low education level of education of rural inhabitants • Large number of students • Outflow of educated people from the • New higher education institution in voivodeship (unfavourable demographic Koszalin changes, shift in the age distribution of • Szczecin’s application for European the society) cultural capital • Progressive marginalisation of • Intensification of cooperation with universities in the voivodeship Germany in the social and cultural • Insufficient availability of pre-school spheres facilities • Conclusion of the division of • Unstable financing of health services responsibilities reform by the National Health Fund • Introduction of a tasks budget in • Extending competition procedures tertiary local government units within the scope of projects • Appropriate use of European Union • Low efficiency of utilising European funds in order to develop companies’ Union funds, in particular when it comes staff to soft projects • Conscious and interdisciplinary • Scaling down of social dialogue and development of preventative measures information policy within the scope of based on the needs of local societies social pathologies • Development of a civil society • A degradation of family ties resulting including an increase in the importance in a decrease in the parents and carers' of non government organisations educational ability and efficiency • Introduction of modern diagnostic and therapeutic technologies source: own work

170 Appendices

Appendix 2. Cohesion of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy objectives with those of the National Development Strategy

National Development Strategy Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Priorities Development Strategy Directional objectives 1.1 Improvement in the innovativeness of the economy 1.3 Support for enterprise cooperation and enterprise development 1.4 Support for increasing export 1.6 Restructurisation and development of An improvement in the agricultural and fishing production 1 competitiveness and innovativeness of 2.2 Strengthening of business support the economy instruments 3.4 Support for the development of information society infrastructure 5.1 Innovative economy workforce development 5.5 Creation of an information society 1.2 An increase in the competitiveness of the voivodeship on the national and foreign tourist markets 3.3 Development of pan-regional, multimodal transport networks 3.4 Support for the development of information society infrastructure 3.5 The development of energy infrastructure 3.6 Improvement of accessibility to areas with tourist and health resort attributes 4.1 An improvement in the quality of the environment and ecological safety 4.3 Increase in the share of renewable energy Improvement in the state of technical sources 2 and social infrastructure 4.4 Development of the environmental protection and waste management infrastructure 5.3 Development of continuing education 5.4 Development of vocational education in accordance with the needs of the economy 5.5 Creation of an information society 5.6 Increase in the participation and availability of pre-school education 6.2 An improvement in the availability and quality of health care 6.3 Support for the development of local democracy and a civil society 6.5 Development of cultural heritage as the

171 Appendices

foundation for regional identity 1.3 Support for enterprise cooperation and enterprise development 5.2 Increasing the professional activity of the Increase in employment and its 3 population quality 5.3 Development of continuing education 5.4 Development of vocational education in accordance with the needs of the economy 6.1 Supporting the function of the family 6.3 Support for the development of local democracy and a civil society Creation of an integrated social 4 Strengthening the identity and integration of community and its security local societies 6.6 Prevention of poverty and social exclusion processes 1.6 Restructurisation and development of agricultural and fishing production 3.6 Improvement of accessibility to areas with tourist and health resort attributes 5.6 Increase in the participation and availability of pre-school education 5 Development of rural areas 6.2 An improvement in the availability and quality of health care 6.3 Support for the development of local democracy and a civil society 6.6 Prevention of poverty and social exclusion processes 1.3 Support for enterprise cooperation and enterprise development 1.5 Integrated maritime policy 2.1 Increasing the attractiveness and cohesion of the regional investment offer and investor support 2.3 Creation and development of investment Regional development and increasing 6 activity zones territorial cohesion 2.4 Regional brand building and promotion 3.1 Development of metropolitan functions of Szczecin 3.2 Development of Koszalin municipal metropolitan area 4.2 Environmental heritage protection and a rational utilisation of resources source: own work

172 Appendices

Appendix 3. Cohesion of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy objectives with those of the National Regional Development Strategy

National Regional Development Strategy Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Objectives of regional policy up to 2020 Development Strategy Directional objectives 1.1 Improvement in the innovativeness of the economy 1.2 An increase in the competitiveness of the voivodeship on the national and foreign tourist markets 1.3 Support for enterprise cooperation and enterprise development 1.6 Restructurisation and development of agricultural and fishing production 2.1 Increasing the attractiveness and cohesion of the regional investment offer and investor support 2.2 Strengthening of business support instruments Support for the development of 1 2.3 Creation and development of improving regional competitiveness investment activity zones 3.1 Development of metropolitan functions of Szczecin 3.2 Development of Koszalin municipal metropolitan area 3.3 Development of pan-regional, multimodal transport networks 3.4 Support for the development of information society infrastructure 3.5 The development of energy infrastructure 3.6 Improvement of accessibility to areas with tourist and health resort attributes Creation of territorial cohesion and 2.1 Increasing the attractiveness and 2 prevention of problem areas cohesion of the regional investment marginalisation offer and investor support 2.2 Strengthening of business support instruments 2.3 Creation and development of investment activity zones 3.1 Development of metropolitan functions of Szczecin 3.2 Development of Koszalin municipal metropolitan area 3.4. Support for the development of

173 Appendices

information society infrastructure 3.6 Improvement of accessibility to areas with tourist and health resort attributes 4.1 An improvement in the quality of the environment and ecological safety 4.4. Development of the environmental protection and waste management infrastructure 4.6 Urban areas revitalization 5.1 Innovative economy workforce development 5.3. Development of continuing education 5.4 Development of vocational education in accordance with the needs of the economy 5.5 Creation of an information society 5.6 Increase in the participation and availability of pre-school education 6.2 An improvement in the availability and quality of health care 6.5 Development of cultural heritage as the foundation for regional identity 6.6 Prevention of poverty and social exclusion processes The objective of the NRDS is directed towards the creation of institutional and legal conditions for the execution of pro-development activities in Poland through the strengthening of strategic dimension of regional policy, improvement in the management of social policies, ensuring appropriate cooperation and coordination The creation of legal and institutional mechanisms in a multi layer conditions for an effective, efficient and 3 management system as well as through partnership based execution of territorial the creation of cooperation networks development activities between various entities involved in the execution of the said policy, which is to serve the development of social capital and the strengthening of appropriate qualification and abilities for the management of development. The implementation of the objective is a statutory activity of tertiary local government units source: own work

174 Appendices

Appendix 4. Cohesion of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy objectives with the horizontal specific objectives of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NCS)

National Strategic Reference Framework Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship 2007-2013 Development Strategy Horizontal specific objectives Directional objectives Improvement in the quality of 3.4 Support for the development of public institutions' functioning and information society infrastructure 1. development of partnership 5.3 Development of continuing education mechanisms 5.5 Creation of an information society 1.1 Improvement in the innovativeness of the economy 1.3 Support for enterprise cooperation and enterprise development 2.2 Strengthening of business support instruments 5.1 Innovative economy workforce Improvement in the quality of development 2. human capital and an increase in 5.2 Increasing the professional activity of the social cohesion population 5.3 Development of continuing education 5.4 Development of vocational education in accordance with the needs of the economy 5.6 Increase in the participation and availability of pre-school education 6.4. Strengthening the identity and integration of local societies Development and modernisation of 1.1 Improvement in the innovativeness of the 3. technical and social infrastructure economy with fundamental significance for 1.2 An increase in the competitiveness of the the improvement in Polish voivodeship on the national and foreign competitiveness tourist markets 1.5 Integrated maritime policy 3.1 Development of metropolitan functions of Szczecin 3.2 Development of Koszalin municipal metropolitan area 3.3 Development of pan-regional, multimodal transport networks 3.5 The development of energy infrastructure 3.6 Improvement of accessibility to areas with tourist and health resort attributes 4.1 An improvement in the quality of the environment and ecological safety 4.3 Increase in the share of renewable energy sources 4.4 Development of the environmental

175 Appendices

protection and waste management infrastructure 5.1 Innovative economy workforce development 6.2 An improvement in the availability and quality of health care 6.4. Strengthening the identity and integration of local societies 1.1 Improvement in the innovativeness of the economy 1.3 Support for enterprise cooperation and Enhancement of competitiveness enterprise development and innovativeness of enterprises, in 2.2 Strengthening of business support particular those in the 4. instruments manufacturing sector with a high 3.4 Support for the development of added value and development of the information society infrastructure services sector 5.1 Innovative economy workforce development 5.5 Creation of an information society 1.2 An increase in the competitiveness of the voivodeship on the national and foreign tourist markets Improvement in the competitiveness 3.1 Development of metropolitan functions of Polish regions and the prevention of Szczecin 5. of their social, economic and spatial 3.2 Development of Koszalin municipal marginalisation metropolitan area 3.6 Improvement of accessibility to areas with tourist and health resort attributes 4.6 Urban areas revitalization 1.6 Restructurisation and development of agricultural and fishing production 2.1 Increasing the attractiveness and cohesion of the regional investment offer and investor support 3.6 Improvement of accessibility to areas with tourist and health resort attributes 5.2 Increasing the professional activity of the Equalisation of development population 6. opportunities and the support for 5.6 Increase in the participation and structural changes in rural areas availability of pre-school education 6.2 An improvement in the availability and quality of health care 6.3 Support for the development of local democracy and a civil society 6.4. Strengthening the identity and integration of local societies 6.6 Prevention of poverty and social exclusion processes source: own work.

176 Appendices

Appendix 5. Reference of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy to the functional areas defined in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship Spatial Development Plan

Large-scale areas I II III IV V VI Directional objectives Functional areas A/V A B C/VI D E A B C D E F A B C D E F G H I J K L IV A B C VI IMPROVEMENT IN THE INNOVATIVENESS AND 1 EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT 1.1 Improvement in the innovativeness of the economy 4 3 3 3 2 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5

1.2 An increase in the competitiveness of the voivodeship on the national 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 3 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 2 4 4 4 4 and foreign tourist markets 1.3 Support for enterprise cooperation and enterprise development 4 2 2 4 2 3 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 5 3 3 3 5 3 5 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 1.4 Support for increasing export 4 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 4 3 4 4 1.5 Integrated maritime policy 5 4 5 5 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 5 4 5 4 Restructurisation and development of agricultural and fishing 1.6 3 5 4 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 5 3 3 1 2 production

2 ENHANCING THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE REGION

2.1 Increasing the attractiveness and cohesion of the regional investment 2 3 4 3 1 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 3 3 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 offer and investor support 2.2 Strengthening of business support instruments 5 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 2.3 Creation and development of investment activity zones 5 1 5 1 3 1 4 4 5 3 2 4 2 3 4 3 3 2 2 5 5 1 3 2 3 5 4 5 4 2.4 Regional brand building and promotion 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 3 INCREASING THE SPATIAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REGION 3.1 Development of metropolitan functions of Szczecin 5 5 4 0 0 4 3 2 1 0 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 2 3 2 3 3 5 5 5 2 3.2 Development of Koszalin municipal metropolitan area 0 0 3 5 5 0 0 0 3 4 0 2 0 0 0 2 3 3 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 5 3.3 Development of pan-regional, multimodal transport networks 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 3.4 Support for the development of information society infrastructure 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3.5 The development of energy infrastructure 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Improvement of accessibility to areas with tourist and health resort 3.6 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 2 3 2 3 3 attributes

177 Appendices

I II III IV V VI Directional objectives A/V A B C/VI D E A B C D E F A B C D E F G H I J K L IV A B C VI MAINTENANCE AND PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL 4 VALUES, RATIONAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 4.1 An improvement in the quality of the environment and ecological safety 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 3 3 3

4.2 Environmental heritage protection and a rational utilisation of resources 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 3 3 3

4.3 Increase in the share of renewable energy sources 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 Development of the environmental protection and waste management 4.4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 infrastructure 4.5 Increasing the ecological awareness of the society 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.6 Urban areas revitalization 5 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5

5 CREATION OF AN OPEN AND COMPETITIVE SOCIETY

5.1 Innovative economy workforce development 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 5.2 Increasing the professional activity of the population 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5.3 Development of continuing education 4 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 Development of vocational education in accordance with the needs of 5.4 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 the economy 5.5 Creation of an information society 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5.6 Increase in the participation and availability of pre-school education 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 AN INCREASE IN SOCIAL IDENTITY AND COHESION OF THE 6 REGION 6.1 Supporting the function of the family 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6.2 An improvement in the availability and quality of health care 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6.3 Support for the development of local democracy and a civil society 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

6.4 Strengthening the identity and integration of local societies 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6.5 Development of cultural heritage as the foundation for regional identity 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

6.6 Prevention of poverty and social exclusion 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

source: own work.

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