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Reintegration of Ex-Combatants and Peace Building in Uganda: a Case Study of the Uganda National Rescue Front I 1981 – 2008

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Reintegration of Ex-Combatants and Peace Building in Uganda: a Case Study of the Uganda National Rescue Front I 1981 – 2008 REINTEGRATION OF EX-COMBATANTS AND PEACE BUILDING IN UGANDA: A CASE STUDY OF THE UGANDA NATIONAL RESCUE FRONT I 1981 – 2008 BY MWESIGYE FRED (BBA – MAK) REG: 2007/HD03/8582U A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE AWARD OF A DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITY SEPTEMBER 2010 DECLARATION I, MWESIGYE FRED, do hereby declare that this is my original work and that it has not been submitted to any other University/Institution of higher learning for the award of any academic qualification. Signed:…………………………………….. MWESIGYE FRED Date: ……………………………….. This research dissertation has been submitted with my approval as supervisor. Signed:……………………………… DR. P. MUSANA Date:……………………………….. ii DEDICATION This piece of work is dedicated to everybody reading this work. Before you were born, God planned this moment in your life. This work is further dedicated to Enid – the love of my life who believes in me and inspires me to greater things. To Ernest for being an incredible son who amazes me with wisdom and talent. To my daughters; Rhona, Hope, Frida, Faith and Patience who are not only beautiful on the outside but are beautiful inside. To Samantha my little jewel and prayer warrior. You have such a tender heart, filled with kindness and compassion. When you pray, we feel God’s love. Finally, to God who gave me the gift of life and who has sustained and protected me. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Without the knowledge and inspirations accorded to me by the Almighty God, this book could not have been written. I further owe special gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Musana Paddy for accepting to supervise this study. My indebtedness further goes to my dear friends, Board members and members of staff of National Enterprise Corporation (NEC) without whose invaluable support, both materially and morally, my endeavors would have been fruitless. My thanks also go to my Lecturers, the Master of Arts in Peace and Conflict Studies class and members of the Faculty of Arts in general for providing an enabling atmosphere to complete the course. I am grateful to the hundreds of writers and teachers, lecturers and professors who have shaped my life and helped me to learn the truth that conflicts damage relationship, tarnish reputation, eat up large sums of money, waste time and talent. Sincere gratitude and appreciation go to my dear wife and children who tolerated the inconveniences I have caused in one way or another. They contributed enormously to my academic success. May God reward them abundantly. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration ...................................................................................................................................... ii Dedication ...................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ ix List of Plates .................................................................................................................................... x Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................. xi Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background to the study ........................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Scope of the study ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Definition of Key Terms ........................................................................................................... 9 1.5 Objective of the study ............................................................................................................. 11 1.6 Research Questions ................................................................................................................. 11 1.7 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................................ 12 1.8 Conceptual model.................................................................................................................... 13 1.9 Limitations and delimitations of the Study…………………………………………………..15 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ......................................................................... 17 2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 17 2.1 Peace Agreement between the Government and UNRF 1 ...................................................... 17 2.2 Causes of failure to deliver on Commitments in the UNRF Peace Agreement ...................... 20 2.3 Consequences of failure to deliver on Commitments in the peace Agreement ...................... 21 2.4 Causes of Emergence of Rebel Movements............................................................................ 25 2.5 Reintegration of Ex-combatants in Uganda, the DDR approach and Peace building ............. 28 v 2.6 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 37 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY................................................................ 38 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 38 3.2 Research Design ...................................................................................................................... 38 3.3 Area of the Study .................................................................................................................... 38 3.4 Target population .................................................................................................................... 39 3.5 Sample size ............................................................................................................................. 39 3.6 Sample selection ..................................................................................................................... 39 3.7 Methods of Data Collection .................................................................................................... 41 3.8 Validity of Instruments ........................................................................................................... 43 3.9 Reliability ................................................................................................................................ 43 3.10 Data analysis ......................................................................................................................... 44 3.11 Ethical issues ......................................................................................................................... 44 CHAPTER FOUR: RESEARCH FINDINGS, PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS ................ 45 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 45 4.2 Background Characteristics of Respondents ........................................................................... 45 4.2 Understanding between UNRF I and NRM (1981 and 1986) ................................................ 50 4.3 Failure to deliver on Commitments in the Peace Agreement between UNRF 1 and NRM .... 61 4.4 The Emergence of new Rebel Movements in West Nile ........................................................ 78 4.5 The Process of Reintegration of UNRF 1 ex-combatants ....................................................... 82 CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................. 99 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 99 5.2 Discussion of findings ............................................................................................................. 99 5.3 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 114 5.4 Recommendations ................................................................................................................. 116 5.5 Areas for Further Research ................................................................................................... 118 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 121 vi Appendix I: List of Key Informants ...............................................................................................
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