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A 213, 257–9, 261–3, 266, 268, Abate, Carmine, 13 292, 295 . See also individual Abdolah, Kader, 5, 293 nations Abkhazia , 248 Africanism, 19 Abkhazian literature, 24 Aidoo, A.A., 6, 28, 129–40 Aboulela, Leila, 298 Aïtmatov, Chingiz, 24 Abrahams, Peter, 195 Akono, Susan, 5 Abu Omar . See Nasr, H.M.O. Aktionsgruppe Banat, 147, 154, 155 Achebe, Chinua, 16 Albahari, David, 32 acquis communautaire , 11 Albania, 3, 15, 18, 20, 27, 71, Act on Permanent Settlement of 101–12, 155, 194, 197, Nomadic People, 164 289, 295 Adamovich, Ales, 25 Albanian literature, 3, 27, 30, Prize, 273 101–12, 146 Adelson, Leslie, 282 Aldiss, Brian, 205 Adichie, C.N., 265 , 5, 25, 27, 32–4, Adler, H.G., 60 287–99 Adnan, Etel, 6, 10, 238 Al Hussein, Zeid Ra’ad, 63 Adorno, Theodor, 53, 54, 93, 179 Ali, Monica, 5, 293 Adoum, J.E. , 116, 117 Ali, Tariq, 34, 298 Aeschylus, 106 Allende, Isabel, 27 Aesop, 101, 103, 111 al-Mozany, Hussain, 5 Afghanistan, 248, 296 Al-Nahda , 298 Africa, 9, 16–18, 20, 33, 34, 53, 62, Al Qaeda, 291, 296 65, 87, 130, 131, 133, 135–9, Amadou, Jamila, 259

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 343 A. Hammond (ed.), The Novel and Europe, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-52627-4 344 INDEX

American literature, 6, 10, 25–7, 31, Australian literature, 31, 146 32, 129, 130, 146, 195, 238, Austria, 6, 13, 15, 18, 29, 72, 89, 95, 248, 253 164, 166, 170, 272 Americas, 9, 16 Austrian literature, 4, 5, 13, 15, 25–6, Amirejibi, Chabua, 247 32, 33, 85–96, 155, 156, 199 Amsterdam, 5, 33, 185, 232 Austro-Hungarian Empire, 18, 199 Anand, M.R., 195 Avars, 17 Andersch, Alfred, 195 Avdić , Selvedin, 31 Anderson, Benedict, 2, 85, 166 Aviano, 291 Anderson, Malcolm, 161, 162, 172 Azerbaijan, 18, 32, 53 Andorra, 35 , 30 Andrić , Ivo , 18 Aztec Empire, 116–18 Andrzeyevski, George, 25 Anhalter Railway Station, 278, 279 Ankara, 33 B Antunes, A.L., 28 Babnik, Gabriela, 28 Antwerp, 57, 58, 258, 261–6, 268 Baker, H.A. Jr., 132 Anyuru, Johannes, 213 Bakhtiari, Marjaneh, 213 Anzaldúa, Gloria, 167 Balahvariani, 244 Appadurai, Arjun, 281, 282 Balestrini, Nanni, 195 Apponyi, Géraldine, 105 Balibar, Étienne, 1, 17, 29, 143 Aragon, Louis, 195 Balkanism, 20, 228–30 Arctic Circle, 216 Balkans, 11, 13, 20, 22, 101, 103–5, Argentina, 6, 115 107–9, 178, 289 . See also Argentinian literature, 6 individual nations Arguedas, J.M., 119 Baltic States, 13, 18, 178, 181 . See also Armand, Louis, 146 individual nations , 18, 32, 35, 243 Banciu, Carmen-Francesca, 154 Ash, T.G. , 7, 21, 22 Barbadian literature, 16 Asia , 7, 9, 16–19, 87, 193, 280, 293 . Barcelona, 33, 230 See also individual nations Bardi, Abby, 164 Atahualpa, 116, 119–25 Bärfuss, Lukas, 28 Atatürk, M.K., 271 Barnard, Christian, 136 Athens , 33, 63 Baudrillard, Jean, 230, 231 Atlantic Europe, 10 Bauman, Zygmunt, 1 Atlantic Ocean, 13 Baycılı, Sevtap, 272 Atxaga, Bernardo, 28 Bazorkin, Idris, 24 Auezov, Mukhtar, 24 Becher, J.R., 195 Augé, Marc, 276, 279 Beckett, Samuel, 229, 230 Augustinians, 244 Bédé, Jean-Albert, 3 August Prize, 215 , 238 Auschwitz, 15, 23, 53 , 15, 18, 21, 155 INDEX 345

Belarusian literature, 25, 30 Bordeaux, 23 Belgian literature, 3, 26, 33, border fi ction , 28, 29, 143–56, 161–73 257–68, 272 Border Poetics, 28 Belgium, 3, 6, 16, 33, 58, 148, borders, 1, 2, 7, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 257–68, 272 28–30, 32, 55, 56, 72, 74, 76, Belushi, John, 292 77, 85, 95, 111, 143–56, Benali, Abdelkader, 5 161–73, 186, 238, 276, 282 Benedict, Pope, 272 Border Studies, 20, 145, 161 Benjamin, Walter, 55, 182, 198, 202 Bort, Eberhard, 172 Berger, John, 30, 196 Bosnia, 18, 20, 31, 32, 53, 62, 110, Bergroth, Kersti, 24 227–39 Beria, Lavrenti, 246 Bosnian literature, 7, 14, 18, 24, 28, Berlin, 5, 24, 33, 60, 71, 89, 91, 273, 29, 31, 32, 156, 227–39 274, 279, 293 Bosphorus, 276 Berlin Wall, 21 Bossert, Rolf, 147, 153 Berman, Russell, 179 Bouazza, Hafi d, 260 Bernal, Martin, 137 Boyle, Nicholas, 3 Bernhard, Thomas, 13 Bradbury, Malcolm, 30 Berra, (Lawrence Peter) Yogi, 238 Bratislava, 168 Bezmozgis, David, 25 Braun, Volker, 197 Bhabha, Homi, 126 Brecht, Bertolt, 3, 24, 195, 274 BH Dani , 232 Breendonk, 59 Białystok , 23 Breton, André, 195 Biermann, Wolf, 195 Brezhnev, Leonid, 72, 180 Bildungsroman , 265 Briand, Aristide, 9 Binebine, Mahi, 33 Briffault, Robert, 196 bin Laden, Osama, 291–6 Brinker-Gabler, Gisela, 6 Blaagaard, Bolette, 18 Britain . See (UK) Black Sea, 13, 243 British literature, 4–6, 10, 12, 21, Blaiberg, Philip, 136 24–6, 28–30, 32, 34, 129, 156, Blair, Kirstie, 164 193–205, 228, 230, 245–6, 248, Boa, Elizabeth, 280 253, 260, 293, 298 Bochum, 273 Broch, Hermann, 4, 5 Bohjalian, Chris, 32 Brouillette, Sarah, 260, 263 Bolivia, 117, 118 Brussels, 63 Bolivian literature, 27, 119–26 Brussels Pact, 71 Böll, Heinrich, 4 Brussig, Thomas, 30 Bologna, 289 Buchan, John, 24 Bolshevik Revolution, 15, 194 Büchner, K.G., 4 Bonnett, Alastair, 195, 202 Bughadze, Lasha, 24, 254 Booker, M.K. , 196 Bulgaria, 11, 15, 18, 71, 148, 172, Borchert, Wolfgang, 4 194, 197 346 INDEX

Bulgarian literature, 11, 21, 24, 28, censorship, 147 33, 156 , 8, 18 Bulgars, 17 ‘Central Europe’, 14, 18, 21, 75 Burchuladze, Zaza, 253, 254 Cercas, Javier, 32 Burgess, Anthony, 34 Césaire, Aimé, 131, 137 Busch, Frederick, 26 Chamberlain, Neville, 131 Butler, Judith, 231, 234 Charef, Mehdi, 32, 33 Bykov, Dmitry, 26 Charlemagne, 9, 14 Byzantium, 9, 58, 101, 106, 243, 244, Chatwin, Bruce, 25 247, 280 Chechen literature, 32 Chechnya, 32 Cherchesov, Alan, 31 C Chernivtsi, 154 Callinicos, Alex, 197, 204 Chiladze, Otar, 32, 247–55 Calvino, Italo, 24, 195 Chile, 213 Cameroonian literature, 5 Chilean literature, 27, 195, 213 Campbell, Beatrix, 197 China, 8, 148 Camus, Albert, 5, 205 , 72 Canada, 295 Chitnis, R.A., 23 Canadian literature, 25, 30, 32 Chraïbi, Driss, 298 Canetti, Elias, 24 Christendom, 9, 87 Cape Town, 136 Christianity, 9, 10, 13, 14, 19, 20, 87, capitalism, 10, 11, 14, 29, 59, 61–4, 102, 107, 123, 124, 136, 138, 75, 187, 199, 201, 202, 248, 219, 220, 243–5, 247, 289, 298 249, 251 Churchill, Winston, 71 Carlyle, Thomas, 130 Chwin, Stefan, 25 Caribbean, 11, 17 . See also individual CIA , 291 nations Çırak, Zehra, 282 Carrera Andrade, Jorge, 119 City Lights, 232 Că rtă rescu, Mircea, 13 Clinton, Bill, 62 cartography, 7, 8, 24, 29, 169, 212, Clemenceau, Georges, 252 219, 222 Cloostermans, Marc, 259 Casablanca, 20 Cohen, Anthony, 150 Casanova, Pascale, 2, 22 Colchis, 243, 247 Castle, Stephen, 17 Cold War , 2, 3, 8, 10, 13, 14, 16, 17, Catherine the Great, 9 20, 24–7, 29, 30, 34, 53, 71, Catholicism, 9, 244 75–7, 80, 81, 89, 90, 96, 101, Caucasus, 11, 13, 18, 32, 194, 245 145–6, 150, 153, 162, 163, 173, Ceauş escu, Nicolae, 147, 148, 150–2 194–6, 204, 205, 274 Celasin, Izzet, 25 Cologne , 23, 60 Celebes, 185 Columbus , 126 Celts , 13 Cominform, 71 INDEX 347

Comintern, 102, 193 Czechoslovakia, 14, 15, 71, 147, 149, communism, 10, 15, 27, 29–31, 76, 163, 164, 166, 172, 187, 194 91, 101, 103, 106, 150, 152, Czech Republic, 18, 54, 55, 59 163, 164, 168, 171, 172, 178, 180, 187, 193–205, 218–20, 247, 274, 275 D Communist Party of Great Britain Daeninckx, Didier, 28 (CPGB), 197, 198, 200–4 Dagestan, 18 Concert of Powers, 9 Dal, Güney, 273, 282 confl ict , 2, 7, 14, 17, 23, 25, 26, 32, Dalos, György, 34 53–65, 71–81, 181, 227–39, , 3, 8, 16, 24, 28 248, 249, 252–4, 262, 264, Dante, 3 280, 298 Davit IV, King, 253 Congress for Cultural Freedom, 195 de Balzac, Honoré, 3 Conrad, Joseph, 4, 129, 131 de Beauvoir, Simone, 196 Constantine the Great, 243 De Cataldo, Giancarlo, 34 Constantinople, 244, 280 de Cervantes, Miguel, 3 containment, 25, 29 decolonisation, 16, 88, 140 Copenhagen, 33 Defoe, Danile, 4 Coppola, Manuela, 290 de Gaulle, Charles, 249 Cornis-Pope, Marcel, 23 de la Gasca, Pedro, 120 Cortázar, Julio, 6 Delanty, Gerard, 1, 34, 88, 96 Cortés, Hernán, 116, 118 Deleuze, Gilles 143 Coudenhove-Kalergi, Richard, 9, 89 Delft , 5 Couperus, Louis, 5 de Maupassant, Guy, 246, 253 Couto, Mia, 28 de Mendelssohn, Peter, 89 Crawshaw, Robert, 111 Demircioğlu, Vedat , 274 Crimea, 19 de Montaigne, Michel, 3 Croatia, 18, 228, 232 Denmark, 3, 11, 16, 18, 60 , 5, 11, 24, 31, 154, de Ronsard, Pierre, 3 187, 232 de Rougemont, Denis, 16 Croce, Benedetto, 3 Derrida, Jacques, 22, 54–7, Croft, Andy, 195 59–61, 185 Crusades, 87, 244, 289 Der Spiegel , 63 Cuauhtémoc, 116–18 de Staël, Germaine, 13 Cuban literature, 195 D’haen, Theo, 4, 34 Cunningham, Hilary, 155 diasporic literature, 5, 6, 25, 26, 32, Curtius, E.R., 3 33, 85–96, 213, 261 Customs Union Agreement, 271, 272 Diderot, Denis, 5, 179 Cyprus, 18, 32 Dietrich, Marlene, 252 , 2, 4, 5, 14, 25, 30, Dimitrova, Blaga, 21 146, 147, 149, 187, 198 Diner, Dan, 56, 57, 60 348 INDEX

Dolenjashvili, Teona, 254 empire, 6, 7, 9, 16, 17, 23, 27, 28, Donchev, Anton, 28 115–26, 129–40, 179, 271 Donnan, Hastings, 145 Endo, Shusaku, 6 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 4 Engels, Friedrich, 193, 274 Dovlatov, Sergei, 25 Enlightenment, 9, 10, 14, 65, 130, Drakulić , Slavenka, 31, 154 177–88 Drancy, 15, 23 Enzensberger, H.M., 19 Duarte, João, 282 Equatorial Guinean literature, 5 Dubč ek, Alexander , 197 Eriksson, Madeleine, 215, 222 Dundy, Elaine, 26 espionage, 25, 291, 292 Dunin, Kinga, 154 Esterházy, Péter, 22 Durante, Erica, 73 Estonia, 15, 18, 30, 177–81, Duras, Marguerite, 28 184–8, 247 Dürrenmatt, Friedrich, 25, 34 , 11, 24, 30, 155, Dutch literature, 3, 5, 6, 21, 25, 26, 156, 177–88, 247 28, 272, 293 Ette, Ottmar, 6, 32, 88, 276, 279 Duttlinger, Carolin, 58 Eurasia, 8, 20 Dyer, Richard, 132 Eurimage, 12 dystopianism, 14, 26, 31, 197, 205 Euripides, 243 Eurocentrism, 6, 7, 18, 62, 86, 125, 130, 132, 133, 137–40, 275 E Eurocommunism, 194 eastern Europe, 3, 5, 6, 8–11, 14, 15, Europa, 17 18, 19, 21, 22, 26, 27, 30, 31, European Bank for Development and 71, 72, 75, 76, 80, 104, 145, Reconstruction , 186 146, 154, 161, 163, 172, 178, European citizenship, 12, 18, 173 180, 185–8, 195–7, 202, 205, European Coal and Steel 227, 228, 237, 295 Community , 26 Eastern Question, 22 European Commission, 12 East Germany, 23, 33, 71 European Council, 10, 212 Ebejer, Francis, 25 European Court of Justice, 10, 12 Ecuador, 116–19 European Economic Community, 10, Ecuadorian literature, 116–19 15, 20, 26, 271 Edgerton, William, 3 Europeaneity . See Europeanness Edinburgh Fringe Festival, 196 European Film Academy Award, 12 Egypt, 27, 137, 201, 290–2, European identity . See Europeanness 295, 297 Europeanisation, 8, 13, 17, 21, , 16, 27, 196 200, 275 Ehrenberg, Ilya, 195 Europeanism, 11–13, 22, 35, 205 Eisenstein, Sergei, 201 European literature, 2–6, 18, 19, 22, Ejersbo, Jakob, 28 24, 27–8, 32, 34, 86, 129–31, Eliot, T.S., 129, 130 138–40, 164, 211, 248, 258–61, Éluard, Paul, 195 268, 272 INDEX 349

European Monetary System, 10 Feraoun, Mouloud, 25 European Neighbourhood Policy, 11 Feuchtwanger, Lion, 24, 88 Europeanness, 1, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, Fielding, Henry, 246 12–14, 18, 26, 27, 33, 34, 62, , 18, 214, 216 85–96, 101–12, 162, 172, 178, , 24, 28, 33 193, 194, 212, 213, 230, 272, First International, 193 289, 298 First World War, 143, 245, 246, 271 European Parliament, 10, 12, 85 Fishta, Gjergj, 102, 103 European unifi cation, 4, 7, 9–15, 23, Flaiano, Ennio, 299 25, 26, 29–31, 85, 91, 92, Flaiano Prize, 287 177–88, 193–205 Flaubert, Gustave, 3, 4, 110 European Union, 2, 4, 10–17, 19–22, Fløgstad, Kjartan, 195 29–31, 33, 35, 53, 54, 62, 63, Floren, Kaido, 185 65, 72, 155, 162, 163, 171–3, , 5, 33, 289 177–9, 185–8, 193, 194, 196, ‘Fortress Europe’, 21, 28, 53, 155 . 197, 199, 204, 229, 248, 253, See also borders 254, 271, 272, 291, 295 Foucault, Michel, 144, 181, 185 European Union Prize for Literature, 12 France, 6, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 22, 29, Europe, divisions in, 2, 3, 9, 13, 14, 32, 33, 72, 95, 101, 102, 129, 21, 26, 29, 30, 33, 63, 71, 75, 148, 151, 166, 170, 180, 183, 77, 80, 87, 91, 96, 101, 143, 185–7, 194, 245–6, 249–51, 272 144, 164, 165, 169, 171–3, 194, Franco, General Francisco, 131, 274, 274, 280 280, 281 Europe, idea of, 1, 2, 4–14, 19, 20, Frankfurt, 92, 153 23, 26, 27, 85–96, 101–12 Franks, 9 Europism . See Europeanism , 2–6, 9, 10, 13, Euroscepticism, 13 23–5, 27, 28, 30, 32–4, 72, 87, Eurozone, 62 110, 183, 195, 196, 205, 217, Evdokimov, Aleksei, 11 229, 230, 246, 251, 253, 272, exophone literature, 6 293, 298 French Revolution, 13, 271 Freud, Sigmund, 56, 76, 135 F Friggieri, Oliver, 20 Fadeyev, Alexander, 24 Frykman, Jonas, 12 Fanon, Frantz, 132, 259, 262 Fuentes, Carlos, 118 Farah, Nuruddin, 17 Fuhrmann, Manfred, 7 fascism, 90, 95, 199, 203 Furet, François, 194 Fast, Howard, 195 Fatah, Sherko, 5 Favell, Adrian, 17 G Federal Bureau of Investigation Gamsakhurdia, Konstantine, 245 (FBI), 91 Gamsakhurdia, Zviad, 252, 253 Fenoglio, Beppe, 25 Gao Xingjian, 72 350 INDEX

Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 290 ‘Greater Europe’ project . See European Garros, Alexander, 11 unifi cation Gaskell, Philip, 3 Greece, 7–10, 14, 15, 18, 19, 29, 53, Gavelis, Rič ardas, 30 63, 87, 101–7, 111, 133, 151, Gdańsk , 154 155, 201, 243, 250, 289 Gelley, Alexander, 155 , 5, 25, 28, 146 Genet, Jean, 23 Greene, Graham, 29, 196 Genoa, 289 Grøndahl, J.C., 8, 16 genocide, 14, 31, 32, 60, 205, Gröndahl, Satu, 212 229, 238 Guardian, 81 Georgia, 18, 32, 53, 193, 243–55 Guène, Faïza, 33 Georgian literature, 24, 32, 243–55 Guillén, Nicolás, 195 , 2–5, 13, 24, 25, , 15, 246–7 28–31, 33, 53–65, 87–9, 143–56, Gupta, Sunetra, 5 195, 197, 246, 253, 271–82, 293 Gür, Halil, 272 Germany, 6, 9, 14–16, 18, 19, 22, 23, Gurs, 55 28, 33, 53–65, 73, 89, 90, 92, Gürster, Eugen, 93 106, 129, 132–4, 147, 151–4, Guthrie, Woody, 195 179, 184, 194, 203, 232, 245, 252, 272, 273 Germi, Pietro, 288 H Ghali, Waguih, 27 Haasse, Hella, 28 Ghana, 28, 129, 130 Habermas, Jürgen, 22, 56, 86 Ghanaian literature, 6, 28, 129–40 Habsburg Monarchy, 18, 28, 89 Gibbon, L.G. , 196 Hagerfors, Lennart, 28 Gibraltar, 18 Haliç Bridge, 279 Gide, André, 5 Hall, Stuart, 259 Gilroy, Paul, 198, 265 Hammond, Andrew, 172, 173 globalisation, 1, 21, 30, 88, 155, Hammonds, Elizabeth, 132 187, 212, 235, 238, 260, 275, Hamsun, Knut, 3 281, 282 Hansen, M.B., 182 Glucksmann, André, 229 Hansson, Carola, 32 Gmeyner, Anna, 89 Haupt, Clive, 136 Goerlandt, Iannis, 4 Hauptmann, Gerhart, 24 Gogol, Nikolai, 13 Havel, Václav, 14 Golden Horn, 279–81 Haviaras, Stratis, 25 Goody, Jack, 289, 298 Hegel, G.W.F., 213 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 13, 72, 249, 252 Heidegger, Martin, 183–5 Gorki, Maxim, 195, 274 Heinemann, Margot, 196 Goytisolo, Juan, 31 Summit, 14 Gramsci, Antonio, 197 Hemon, Aleksandar, 29, 156, 232 Grant, Rob , 205 Herder, J.G., 102 Grass, Günter, 25 Hesse, Hermann, 5 INDEX 351

Hewitt, Nicholas, 3 Iceland, 18 Heym, Stefan, 197 , 8, 26, 145, 195 Hikmet, Nâzım, 195 Illyria, 27, 102–5, 107 Hilbig, Wolfgang, 30 imperialism, 18, 19, 27, 28, 32, 35, Hirschman, Jack, 238 57, 58, 87, 101, 103, 107, Hitler, Adolf, 91, 92, 131, 134, 163 115–26, 129–40, 143, 166, 179, Hlinka, Andrej, 163 185, 205, 214–19, 221, 223, Hlinkas , 163 258, 259, 262, 290, 297 Hobsbawm, Eric, 7 Inca Empire, 116, 118–26 Hobson, J.M., 289 India , 6, 17, 130, 185 Hölderlin, Friedrich, 4 , 5, 16, 28, 195, Hollande, François, 172 228, 260 Holmqvist, Ninni, 26 Prize, 273 Holocaust, 14, 15, 23, 25, 53–65, Ingushetia, 18 91, 131 Ingush literature, 24 Holocaust Memorial Museum, 62 Innes, C.L., 262, 266 Holy Roman Empire, 9 integration . See European unifi cation Homer, 27, 28, 104–10, 129–31, Ioane, Crown-Prince, 245 133, 140 , 213, 248, 272 Honigmann, Barbara, 33 , 5, 213, 293 Horia, Vintilă , 6 Iraq , 22, 248 Horkheimer, Max, 179 , 5 Hosain, Attia, 5 Ireland, 19 Houellebecq, Michel, 34 Irigaray, Luce, 132, 133 Hoxha, Enver, 101, 102, 112 , 4, 5, 8, 24, 29, 30, Huggan, Graham, 260 161–73, 229, 230 Hughes, Langston, 195 Irish War of Independence, 32 Hugo, Victor, 9 Iron Curtain, 20, 25, 28, 30, 71, 74, Humbert, Fabrice, 30 75, 80, 101, 143, 145, 153, 162, , 4, 14, 22, 25, 167, 172 26, 30, 34, 71–81, 146, 195 Iskander, Fazil, 24 Hungary, 14, 15, 18, 29, 32, 71–4, Islam, 9, 14, 20, 33, 34, 87, 107, 213, 78, 79, 105, 147, 148, 164, 230, 244, 245, 247, 263, 271, 166–70, 194, 201 272, 274, 280, 288–99 Huns, 17 Islamophobia, 20, 34, 288–99 Huntington, Samuel, 14 Ismailov, Hamid, 24 Hussein, Aamer, 5 Israel, 298 Istanbul, 4, 238, 273–5, 279–82 , 3–5, 13, 24, 25, 29, I 30, 34, 146, 195, 287–99 Iberia, 243 , 6, 9, 15, 16, 18, 19, 22, 29, 34, Ibragimbekov, Rustam, 30 53, 89, 90, 95, 129, 155, 164, Ibsen, Henrik, 3, 24 194, 243, 287–99 352 INDEX

J Kazantzakis, Nikos, 28, 146 Jaanus, Maire, 188 Keller, Ursula, 4 Jakobson, August, 24 Kelman, James, 205 JanMohammed, Abdul, 145 Kenya, 257 Jannock, Sofi a, 214 , 5, 25, 195, 257 , 28 Kertész, Imre, 30 Japin, Arthur, 28 Keyman, Fuat, 3 Jara, Cronwell, 119 KGB , 248, 252 Jasenovac, 15 Kharms, Daniil, 253 Javakhishvili, Mikheil, 245, 246 Khasavov, Arslan, 31 Jeffrey, Alex, 228 Khemiri, J.H., 213 Jelinek, Elfriede, 25 Khintibidze, Elguja, 244 Jensen, Lars, 35 Khrushchev, Nikita, 71, 101, Jergović , Miljenko , 232–4 194, 249 Jerusalem, 253 Kierkegaard, Søren, 181 Jewish populations, 19, 54–65, 73, Kiernan, V.G., 16 87–91, 94, 213, 289 Kim, Anna, 32, 156 Jhabvala, R.P., 6 Kiš, Danilo , 4, 14, 23 John Paul III, Pope, 20 Klein, Naomi, 21 Joll, James, 7 Kleist Prize, 273 Jones, Lewis, 196 Klekh, Igor , 31, 152 Joyce, James, 4–5 Klíma, Ivan, 30, 146, 147, 149 Judaea, 9, 13, 87 Koestler, Arthur, 25, 195 Juel, Dagny, 254 Kohn, Margaret, 179 Juraga, Dubravka, 196 Kongoli, Fatos, 30 Koningsberger, Hans, 25, 26 Konrád, György, 14 K Kör, Mustafa, 272 Kadare, Ismail, 27, 101–112, 146 Koran, 297 Kafka, Franz, 2–4 Korpela movement, 219, 220 Kakmi, Dmetri, 31 Kosovan literature, 20 Kaliningrad, 155 Kosovo , 18, 32, 53, 104, 107, 109 Kant, Immanuel, 182 Kovač ević , Milomir , 231 Kapitáňová, Daniela, 30 Kovač ević , Nataša , 23, 187 Kaplan, Leslie, 195 Krasznahorkai, László, 26 Kara, Yadé, 293 Kristeva, Julia, 33, 131, 138, 188 Karahasan, Dževad, 14 Kristóf, Ágota, 25, 26, 71–81, 146 Kárason, Einar, 26 Kuhlman, Martha, 75, 76 Karlsrühr, 23 Kulenović , Tvrtko , 7, 24 Karumidze, Zurab, 254 Kundera, Milan, 3, 5, 14, 18, 21, 27, Kassabova, Kapka, 156 72, 146, 187 , 24 , 24, 247 , 18, 194 Kyrgyzstan, 18, 194, 247 INDEX 353

L Lönnrot, Elias, 103 Laanes, Eneken, 187 Lorca, F.G., 274, 280, 281 LaCapra, Dominick, 56 Lorchenkov, Vladimir, 29 Laestadianism, 220 Lord, A.B., 104 Lagos, 267 Loren, Sofi a, 297 La Guma, Alex, 195 Los Angeles, 90 Lake Ladoga, 8 Louis XIV, King, 244, 247 Lakhous, Amara, 34, 287–99 Lubonja, Fatos, 3 Lalita-vistara , 244 Lucca, 289 Lamming, George, 16 Luther King, Martin, 274 Lamrabet, Rachida, 260 Luik , Viivi, 30 Langer, Josef, 143 Lukács, György, 195 Lapavitsas, Costas, 62 Lutz, Helma, 295, 296 Latin America, 27, 115–26 . See also Luxembourg, 3, 197 individual nations Luxembourgish literature, 3 , 15, 18, 90, 178 Lviv, 154 , 11, 25 Lyotard, Jean-François, 56 Lavrin, Janko, 2 Laxness, Halldór, 8, 145, 195 Lebanese literature, 6, 10, 238, 298 M , 17, 298 Maastricht Treaty, 10, 12, 20, 54, 62, Leeds , 5 178, 197, 199 Lefteri, Christy, 32 Mabinogion , 103 Leibovitz, Annie, 233 Macaulay, Rose, 25 Lemon, Alaina, 166 Macaulay, T.B., 130 Lenin, V.I., 193, 274 MacClancy, Jeremy, 193 Leopold II, King, 58 Macedonia, 18, 155 Lessing, Doris, 195 , 30 Levy, Andrea, 25 Madrid , 33, 120 Lévy, Bernard-Henry, 229 Magyars, 17 Lewycka, Marina, 21 Mahgreb, 11 Libération , 56 Mahjoub, Jamal, 5 Liberia, 264, 265 Mahloujian, Azar, 5 Libya, 288 Mahmut II, Sultan, 271 Lichtenstein, 35 Mahmutović , Adnan, 232 Liège, 63 Majdanek, 15 Lindsay, Jack, 196 Makine, Andreï, 10, 72 Linnaeus, Carl, 215 Makis, Eve, 32 Lithuania, 15, 18, 178, 203, 289 Malmborg, Mikael af, 13 , 30 Malraux, André, 24 London , 5, 54, 89, 95, 96, 136, Malta , 18 253, 293 , 20, 25 Longo, Davide, 30 Man Booker Prize, 215 354 INDEX

Manea, Norman, 30 Middle East, 9, 16, 17, 20, 53, 62, 63, Mann, Klaus, 5 65, 130, 272, 289, 295–7 Mann, Thomas, 3, 6, 87, 90, 91, 246 Miéville, China, 156 Mantua, 23 migrant literature, 5, 6, 26, 27, 31–4, Marechera, Dambudzo, 5 71–81, 85–96, 177–88, 213, marginalisation, 4, 7, 15, 19–23, 257–68, 271–82, 287–99 31–3, 163, 211–23, 227–39, migration, 5, 7, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 243–55 26, 32, 33, 62, 73, 88–92, 95, Marouane, Leïla, 34, 298 149, 153–5, 163, 166, 167, 172, Marquand, David, 202 212, 228, 237, 239, 254, Marsala, 288 257–68, 271–82, 287–99 Marshall Plan, 26 Milan , 291 Martínez, J.L., 116, 117 Mill, J.S., 130 Martinican literature, 27 Miłosz, Czesław, 25, 146 Marxism, 10, 73, 117, 194, 197, 200, modernism, 4 202, 274 modernity, 1, 58, 59, 86, 101, 106, Marxism-Leninism, 3 109, 110, 134, 135, 164, 178, Marx, Karl, 181, 197 182, 217, 218, 271, 281 May, Sarah, 28 Moldova, 11, 18, 155 Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 195 Moldovan literature, 29 Mayall, David, 164 Molière, 3 Mazara de Vallo, 288 Monaco, 35 Mazzini, Miha, 30 Mongols, 17, 247, 289 McCann, Colum, 29, 162–73 Monoran, Ion, 155 McCarthyism, 90, 95 Montenegrin literature, 11, 24 McEwan, Ian, 26 Montenegro, 18, 110, 155 McGahern, John, 32 Moore, Brian, 30 McIlvanney, William, 196 Moore, D.C., 18 McLeod, John, 32 Moore-Gilbert, Bart, 262, 265 Mecca, 296 Moors, 9, 17, 58 Mediterranean Sea, 8, 13, 91, 288 Morandini, Giuliana, 29, 146 Mehmedinović , Semezdin, 31, 32, Morchiladze, Aka, 253 227–39 Moretti, Franco, 3 Melinescu, Gabriela, 154 , 5, 33, 259, Memmi, Albert, 27 260, 298 Mensheviks, 249 Morocco, 5, 259, 260, 289, 291, 298 Merkel, Angela, 63, 272 Morris, Jan, 24 Merolla, Daniela, 212 Moscow, 5, 23, 201, 249, 250 Mexican literature, 117, 118 Moscow State Circus, 201 Mexico , 6, 116–18 Mostar, 289 Michael, Livi, 205 Mosteghanemi, Ahlam, 27 Michnik, Adam, 14, 197 Motecuhzoma, 116 INDEX 355

Mourad, Kenizé, 272 Newman, David, 20 Mozambican literature, 28 New Statesman, 89 , 9 New York, 26, 86, 90, 93–6, 200, 229 Müller, Herta, 29, 143–56 Nexø, M.A., 24 Munich, 33, 60 Neziraj, Jeton, 20 Murdoch, Iris, 197 Ngũg ĩ wa Thiong’o, 5, 25, 195 Murmansk, 21 Niemi, Mikael, 31, 211–23 Musil, Robert, 199 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 181 Muzot , 5 Nigeria, 133, 136, 257, 259, 261, 263, 264, 266, 268 , 16, 33, 257–68 N Nikolaidis, Andrej, 11 Nabokov, Vladimir, 26, 146 Nikolova, E.A., 23 Naples, 294, 295 Nixon, Richard, 102 Napoleon, 91, 179 Nooteboom, Cees, 3, 5 Nasr, H.M.O, 291 Nord, Deborah, 164 Nassib, Sélim, 298 Normans, 101 nationalism, 2, 12, 13, 20, 27, 86, 88, Norstedts, 220, 221 89, 102–4, 108, 109, 111, 112, , 3, 13, 18, 214 115, 145–7, 152, 163, 211, 212, , 3, 13, 24, 25, 214, 218, 222 30, 195, 254 NATO , 9, 20, 71, 248, 254 Noto, 288 Natzweiler, 15 Notting Hill Carnival, 196 Nazism , 54–61, 90, 109, 147, 152, nuclearism, 25 203, 246 NDiaye, Marie, 33 Ndongo, Donato, 5 O negritude, 137–9 O’Dowd, Liam, 29 Nëntori , 104 Odrach, Theodore, 30 neoimperialism, 16, 17, 28, 131, OGPU , 246 133, 140 Ohnesorg, Benno, 274 neoliberalism, 31, 54, 62, 63, 194, Okely, Judith, 162 197, 205 Oksanen, Sofi , 33 Nepal, 216 Ollikainen, Aki, 28 Neruda, Pablo, 195 Õnnepalu, Tõnu, 11, 30, 155, 156, Netherlands, 3, 6, 11, 15, 16, 60, 232, 177–88 261, 272 Orbeliani, Sulkhan-Saba, 244 Neubauer, John, 23 Ören, Aras, 273, 282 Neuchâtel, 72, 78 orientalism, 19, 130, 263, 280 Neuengamme, 15 Ortega y Gasset, José, 5 Neue Rundschau, 93 Orthodox Christianity, 9, 14, 107, New Left, 194 243, 244, 248, 254 356 INDEX

Orwell, George, 5, 26, 196, 230 Peru , 27, 116–26 , 18 . See also Peruvian literature, 118, 119 , 31 Petrarch, 3 Ostalgie , 198 Petrovici, Duş an , 155 Ottoman Empire, 8, 9, 18, 28, 101–4, Petterson, Per, 30 106, 107, 111, 238, 245, 271, Phoenicia, 17 280, 289 Picasso, Pablo, 195 Ousmane, Sembène, 5, 195 Pieterse, J.N., 21 Oxford , 54 Pikulić , Mladen, 231 Özal, Turgut, 271 Pipa, Arshi, 111 Özdamar, E.S., 4, 33, 195, 271–82 Pirandello, Luigi, 3 Pirenne, Henri, 9 Pišt’anek, Peter, 30 P Pizarro, Francisco, 116, 119–25 Pacifi c Ocean, 11 Pizarro, Gonzalo, 120 Pajala, 216–18 Pizarro, Pedro, 123, 124 , 5 Plebanek, Graż yna , 33 Palavestra, Pedrag, 22 Pohjanen, Bengt, 214, 221 Palermo, 290, 292 , 6, 13–15, 18, 71, 148, 187, Pamuk, Orhan, 10, 34, 282 194, 243, 254, 289 pan-Africanism, 137, 138, 140 , 4, 25, 29, 30, 33, Pannonia, 4 154, 162, 187 Papusza, 29, 162 Pollen, Geir, 13 Paris, 3, 5, 7, 30, 33, 54, 55, 95, 164, Pomaks, 18 171, 172, 177, 178, 180, 185–7, Pompey, 243 246, 250, 251, 253 Ponzanesi, Sandra, 6, 18, 212 Parks, Tim, 10 Porrajmos, 29, 163 Parry, Milman, 104 , 8, 9, 11, 15, 16, 129, Parthian Empire, 243 155, 254 Passerini, Luisa, 1, 298 , 26, 28 Paz, Octavio, 117, 118 postcolonialism, 2, 5, 16–19, 27, 28, p’Bitek, Okot, 5 31, 35, 131, 133–40, 212, 216, Peja , 107 219–23, 258–62, 265 Pelevin, Victor, 30 postmodernism, 4, 24, 200 Pendelton, Eva, 263 Poznan , 5 Penkov, Miroslav, 11, 156 Prague, 60, 71, 274 Pennac, Daniel, 293 Pratt, M.L., 165, 170, 281, 282 perestroika , 250 Prescott, William, 125 Perišić , Robert , 11 ‘Project Europe’, 26, 29 . See also Perrault, Charles, 245 European unifi cation Persia, 8, 243–5, 247 propaganda, 25, 76, 147, 180, 250 , 245 Protestantism, 9, 90, 94 INDEX 357

Proust, Marcel, 3, 5, 6, 217 Rotterdam, 5 Prussia, 18 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 178, 179 Przybyszewski, Stanisław, 254 Roy, Arundhati, 260 Rushdie, Salman, 228, 260 Russia, 3, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, Q 22, 28, 32, 90, 129, 155, 165, Qosja, Rexhep, 106 193, 195, 204, 214, 244–8, 252–4, 274, 289 . See also Soviet Union R , 3, 4, 6, 13, 24–6, Rabelais, François, 251 30, 146, 154, 195, 244, 245, Rabinowich, Julya, 33 247, 248, 253 racism, 17, 20, 21, 88, 89, 95, 109, 132, 136, 137, 173, 213, 221, 222, 257, 263, 295, 299 S Rakusa, Ilma, 4, 14 Saadawi, Nawal, 297 Ran, N.H., 274 Saakashvili, Mikheil, 248, 253, 254 Rasputin, 246 Sadulaev, German, 32 Reagan, Ronald, 252 Sahgal, Nayantara, 16, 28 reconquista , 289 Sahl, Hans, 89 Red Army Band, 201 Said, Edward, 16, 130, 139, 153 Reed, John , 195 Said, Sami, 213 Rhodesia, 131 Saint Lucian literature 131 Rhys, Jean, 28 St Petersburg, 246 Rilindja , 102, 103 Salih, Tayeb, 5, 16 Rilke, R.M. , 5 Saloniki, 15 Rivera, Diego, 195 Saltykov-Shchedrin, Mikhail, 245 Robakidze, Grigol, 245 Sámi, 19, 213, 214, 221–3 Roberts, Andrew, 205 Samtredia, 246 Robeson, Paul, 195 San Francisco, 232 Robinson, Richard, 154 San Marino, 35 Rolland, Romain, 87, 195 Sarajevo, 227–39, 289 Roma, 19, 29, 162–73, 213, 293 Saramago, José, 26 Roman Empire, 8–10, 14, 58, 87, Sardinia, 295 101, 102, 106, 143, 243–5 Sarkozy, Nicolas, 172, 272 , 15, 18, 29, 71, 147–55, Sartre, Jean-Paul, 25, 195 194, 197, 295 Saudi Arabia, 296 , 4, 6, 13, 29–31, Scandinavia, 13, 19, 212, 214 . See also 33, 143–56, 195 individual nations Romanowicz, Zofi a, 187 , 2 romanticism, 4, 179 Scarborough, 254 Rome, 5, 34, 289–94, 296 Schengen Agreement, 30 358 INDEX

Schengen zone, 21, 28, 155, 171 Single Market Programme, 10 Schindel, Robert, 15, 25 Sjöwall, Maj, 195 Schippers, Thomas, 145 Skanderbeg, 102 Schneider, Peter, 29, 146–7, 152 Š kvorecký, Josef, 25 Schofi eld, Robert, 25 Slavs, 17, 103, 104 Schulze, Ingo, 30 Slovakia, 18, 29, 60, 162, 164, Schutzstaffel , 147, 152 166, 171 Schwarz-Bart, André, 23 Slovakian literature, 25, 30 Sciascia Prize, 287 Slovenia, 18, 81 Scott, Walter, 253 Slovenian literature, 28, 30 Scribner, Charity, 197, 198 Slovo, Gillian, 196 Scythia, 8 Smith, Horatio, 3 Sebald, W.G., 25, 26, 53–65 Smith, Sidonie, 6 Sebbar, Leïla, 5, 32 socialism, 3, 11, 15, 24, 30, 31, 75, Second International, 193 89, 91, 95, 101, 193–205, 248, Second World War, 1, 15, 25, 57, 61, 274, 275, 280, 281 71–3, 85, 88, 89, 96, 143, 147, , 3, 247 162, 194, 203, 278 Solé, Robert, 27 Securitate, 153 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 13 Seferis, Giorgos, 5 , 17 Seghers, Anna, 89, 195 Sontag, Susan, 229, 230, 232–4, Selim III, Sultan, 271 236, 237 Selimović , Meša , 28 Soueif, Ahdaf, 16 Selvon, Sam, 5 South Africa, 131, 136, 266 Senchin, Roman, 30 South , 195 , 5, 195 South , 32, 156 Ş enocak, Zafer , 274 South Ossetia, 248, 253 , 18, 21, 32, 105, 107, 109–11, Soviet Union, 8, 9, 14, 15, 18–21, 28, 147, 155 53, 71, 72, 74, 79, 101, 103, , 4, 14, 23, 32 161, 178, 180, 182, 187, 193–5, Serge, Victor, 6, 195 197, 203, 204, 247–53, 255, 274 Seville, 23 Spahić , Ognjen, 24 Shaw, G.B., 24 Spain, 6, 9, 11, 15, 16, 22, 27, Shevardnadze, Eduard, 247 116–26, 129, 131, 155, 194, Shkodra , 154 280, 289 Sholokov, Mikhail, 195 Spanish Civil War, 32, 230, 280, 281 Shostakovitch, Dmitri, 195 , 3, 5, 28, 31, 32, Shteyngart, Gary, 25 274, 280, 281 Sibiu , 154 Spiel, Hilde, 26, 85–96 Sicily, 288, 294, 295 Stability and Growth Pact, 10 Silone, Ignazio, 195 Stalin, Joseph, 71, 102, 147, 193, Single European Act, 155 194, 247, 249 INDEX 359

Starck, Kathleen, 23 Taliban, 296 Starova, Luan, 30 Taqaishvili, Ekvtime, 249 Stasiuk, Andrzej, 30 taqiyya , 291 State Institute for Race Biology, 221 Tashkent, 5 Stendhal , 5 Tatars, 8, 9, 17, 19 Stern, Richard, 26 Tbilisi , 246, 249–52, 254 Sterne, Lawrence, 245 Teimuraz 1, King, 244 Š tiks, Igor , 232 Terezín, 54, 57, 60, 61 Stockholm, 216, 220 Terrin, Peter, 26 Strasbourg, 177 terrorism, 17, 291, 292, 296 Stråth, Bo, 1, 13, 86 Thatcherism, 199 Strindberg, August, 5, 254 Theilen, Ines, 277 Š trpka, Ivan, 25 Thomas, D.M., 24 Strutthof, 15 Thomson, Iain, 183, 184 Stutthof, 15 Tibet, 217 Suceavă , Bogdan , 31 Tierra del Fuego, 185 Sudan , 264, 298 Tikhonov, Nikolai, 195 Sudanese literature, 5, 16, 298 Timiş oara, 147, 152, 154, 155 Sumatra, 185 Tirana, 5 Sundbyberg, 216 Titel, Sorin, 155 Svevo, Italo, 4 Tito, J.B., 112 Swales, Martin, 3 Todorović , Dragan, 32 Sweden, 13, 18, 31, 129, 211–23, Toíbin, Colm , 8 232, 272 Tokyo , 200 , 5, 26, 28, 31, Tolstaya, Tatiana, 154 211–23, 254 Tolstoy, Lev, 6, 13, 244 Swedish Social Democratic People’s Topol, Jáchym, 14, 30 Home , 213, 222, 223 Tornedalian populations, 31, 213–23 Swedish-Tornedalian literature, Torrington, Jeff, 205 213–23 totalitarianism, 15, 19, 26, 53–65, , 3, 25, 28, 32–34, 71, 71–81, 103, 147–56, 178, 195, 81, 146, 195 199, 202, 204, 247 , 3, 72, 91 Totok, William, 147 Syria, 289 Toynbee, Arnold, 7 Szyszkowitz, Gerald, 25, 155 transatlantic narrative, 26 Transcarpathia, 13 Transcaucasia . See Caucasus T transcontinental narrative, 23, 25 Taboada Terán, Néstor, 27, 119–26 Transnistria, 15 Taher, Bahaa, 16, 196 Trapani, 288 Tajikistan, 18, 32, 53, 194 trauma, 25, 32, 54–7, 62–4, 78, 170 , 32 Travers, Martin, 4 360 INDEX

Treaty of Rome, 62, 194 Unt, Mati , 24 5 Uppsala, 221 Trinidadian literature, 5 Ural Mountains, 8 Tripoli , 288 Ursu, Liliana, 154 Trotsky, Leon, 193, 197 utopianism, 9, 92, 196 Troyanov, Iliya, 28 Uzbekistan, 18, 194 Truman Doctrine, 71 Uzbek literature, 24 Trumpener, Katie, 164 Uzuner, Buket, 26 Tunis , 288 , 213, 288, 290, 294 , 27 V Turgenev, Ivan, 13, 245 Vachedin, Dmitry, 31 Turkey, 15, 20, 22, 33, 155, 238, Valkeapää, Nils-Aslak, 214 271–82 Valtchinova, Galia, 111 , 4, 10, 25, 26, 31, van Rompui, Herman, 212 33, 34, 195, 271–82, 293 Vatican, 291 Turkmenistan, 18, 194 Velič ković , Nenad , 31, 232 , 31 Velikić , Dragan, 4 Tzara, Tristan, 195 Venice, 5, 33, 244, 289 Verhulst, Dimitri, 21 Versailles Conference, 252 U Veteranyi, Aglaja, 33 Ugandan literature, 5 Vienna, 33, 60, 89 Ugrešić , Dubravka, 5, 6, 24, 154, 187, Vietnam , 229, 234 195 Vighi, Daniel, 155 Ukraine , 11, 18, 21, 22, 53, 155 Vilnius, 23 , 13, 21, 28, Visegrád nations, 13 31, 152 Vittula , 216 Ulitskaya, Ludmila, 26 Voinovich, Vladimir, 30 Unigwe, Chika, 33, 257–68 Volos, Andrei, 32 United Kingdom (UN), 6, 8, 11, 13, Voltaire, 3, 178, 245 16, 18, 22, 28, 31, 54–6, 95, 96, von Goethe, J.W., 3, 13 129, 133, 135, 136, 148, 151, von Hahn, J.G., 102 164, 194, 196, 203, 232, 254, Voznesenskaya, Julia, 25 293, 297 United Nations, 63, 264 United States of America (USA), 6, 9, W 16, 19, 22, 26, 33, 71, 87–96, Wachtel, A.B., 23, 146 115, 117, 132, 151, 177, 195, Wadia, Laila, 5 197–9, 203, 216, 227–9, 232, Wagner, Richard, 147, 154 234, 237, 238, 252, 253, 291, Wainaina, Binyavanga, 257 295 Wajs, Bronisława . See Papusza INDEX 361

Walcott, Derek, 131 Wright, Richard, 195 Wales, 18, 54, 103 Wu Ming , 25 Walker, R.B.J., 145 Wuolijoki, Hella, 24 Walkowitz, Rebecca, 261 Wallace, William, 13 Walters, William, 144 Y Warner, S.T., 196 Yamsk, 5 ‘war on terror’, 33, 34, 288–99 Yevtushenko, Yevgeny, 195 Warsaw, 23, 254 , 2 Warsaw Pact, 26 Yildiz, Yesemin, 277 Washington, DC, 62, 234, 235, 237 York, 23 Watteau, Jean-Antoine, 184 Young, Robert, 137 Weigand, H.J., 3 Yugoslavia, 53, 71, 101, 104, 112, Weil, Jiř í , 195 148, 178, 187, 194, 197, 228, Weil, Simone, 230 231, 232, 234 . See also secession Weldon, Fay, 12 nations Wenderoman, 30 Yugoslav literature, 4, 5, 14, 15, 23, Wenger, A.L., 213 187, 234 Westerbork, 15 western Europe, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 26–8, 32, 65, Z 72, 75, 76, 78, 80, 101, 102, 105, Zabuzhko, Oksana, 28 111, 145, 151, 167, 178–83, Zagarell, S.A., 265 185–8, 194, 195, 205, 213, 228, Zaghloul, Safi a, 297 229, 232, 238, 244–9, 252–4, 271 Zagreb, 232 West Germany, 23, 274 Zaimoğlu, Feridun, 282 White, Anne, 111 Ž alica, Antonije, 232 White, Hayden, 16, 64 Zeller, Florian, 34 White Sea, 8 Zhdanovism, 195 Willebroek, 59 Zhvania, Zurab, 253 Williams, David, 23, 30 Zinov’ev, Aleksandr, 13 Williams, Raymond, 196 Ž ižek, Slavoj, 81 Wilson, Elizabeth, 31, 197–205 Zobel, Joseph, 27 Wilson, T.M., 29, 145 Zog, King , 105, 106 Wintle, Michael, 14 Zola, Émile, 3 Wolf, Christa, 23, 28, 195, 197 Zweig, Stefan, 5, 89