Lenguaje Y Territorio Language and Territory
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The Genus Anadenanthera in Amerindian Cultures
THE GENUS ANADENANTHERA IN AMERINDIAN CULTURES BY SIRI VON REIS ALTSCHUL, PH .D. RESEARCH FELLOW BOTANICAL MUSEUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 1972 This monograph is dedicated in affectionate memory to the late DANIEL HERBERT EFRON, PH.D., M.D. 1913-1972 cherished friend of the author and of the Botanical Museum, a true scientist devoted to the interdisciplinary approach in the advancement of knowledge. A/""'f""'<J liz {i>U<// t~ },~u 0<<J4 ~ If;. r:J~ ~ //"'~uI ~ ()< d~ ~ !dtd't;:..1 "./.u.L .A Vdl0 If;;: ~ '" OU'''-k4 :/" tu-d ''''''"-''t2.. ?,,".jd,~ jft I;ft'- ?_rl; A~~ ~r'4tft,t -5 " q,.,<,4 ~~ l' #- /""/) -/~ "1'Ii;. ,1""", "/'/1'1",, I X C"'-r'fttt. #) (../..d ~;, . W,( ~ ~ f;r"'" y it;.,,J 11/" Y 4J.. %~~ l{jr~ t> ~~ ~txh '1'ix r 4 6~" c/<'T'''(''-;{' rn« ?.d ~;;1';;/ a-.d txZ-~ ~ ;o/~ <A.H-iz "" ~".,/( 1-/X< "..< ,:" -.... ~ ~ . JJlr-0? on . .it-(,0.1' r 4 -11<.1.- aw./{') -:JL. P7t;;"j~;1 S .d-At ;0~/lAQ<..t ,ti~?,f,.... vj "7rU<-'- ~I""" =iiR-I1;M~ a....k«<-l, ¢- f!!) d..;.:~ M ~ ~y£/1 ~/.u..-... It'--, "" # :Z:-,k. "i ~ "d/~ efL<.<~/ ,w 1'#,') /';~~;d-t a;.. tlArl-<7'" I .Ii;'~.1 (1(-;.,} >Lc -(l"7C),.,..,;.. :.... ,,:/ ~ /-V,~ , ,1" # (i F'"' l' fJ~~A- (.tG- ~/~ Z:--7Co- ,,:. ,L7r= f,-, , ~t) ahd-p;: fJ~ / tr>d .4 ~f- $. b".,,1 ~/. ~ pd. 1'7'-· X ~-t;;;;.,~;z jM ~0Y:tJ;; ~ """.,4? br;K,' ./.n.u" ~ 7r .".,.~,j~ ;;f;tT ~ ..4'./ ;pf,., tJd~ M_~ (./I<'/~.'. IU. et. c./,. ~L.y !f-t.<H>:t;.tu ~ ~,:,-,p., .....:. -
Reflexivity and Reciprocity in Tehuelche and Selknam (Chon Family)
REFLEXIVITY AND RECIPROCITY IN TEHUELCHE AND SELKNAM (CHON FAMILY) Ana Fernández Garay 1. Introduction In this contribution, we examine reflexive and reciprocal events in the Tehuelche or Aonek’o БaБjen and the Ona or Selknam languages; the first of these languages is practically extinct, and the second disap- peared in the mid-20th century. Both were spoken in the Patagonia Region of Argentina. In section 2, the two indigenous groups and their sociolinguistic characteristics are presented; section 3 deals with the theoretical-methodological aspects; section 4 describes how both lan- guages are characterized in typological terms; in section 5, reflexive and reciprocal constructions in Tehuelche are described, while the same constructions in Selknam are described in section 6. Section 7 reconstructs the reflexive and reciprocal markers in Proto-Chon and offers some conclusions. 2. Tehuelches or Aonek’enk and Onas or Selknam The Tehuelches or Aonek'enk, also called Patagones, Chewelches or Chewelchos, inhabited the region between the Río Santa Cruz and the Strait of Magellan. The language was described when it was already nearing extinction. The linguistic material used for the analysis was gathered during fieldwork done between 1983 and 1995. The corpus consists of 50 hours of tape-recorded Tehuelche language data.1 The Onas or Selknam inhabited most of the Isla Grande in Tierra del Fuego. When Najlis described the language of this group, only two Onas who spoke with certain fluency remained; they were the investi- 1. The consultants were the late Rosa Vargas, Luis Cuaterno, Luisa Pascual, Andrés Saynol and Ramón Manchao, and María and Dora Manchao, who currently live in Río Gallegos, the capital city of Santa Cruz. -
Languages of the Middle Andes in Areal-Typological Perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran
Languages of the Middle Andes in areal-typological perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran Willem F.H. Adelaar 1. Introduction1 Among the indigenous languages of the Andean region of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile and northern Argentina, Quechuan and Aymaran have traditionally occupied a dominant position. Both Quechuan and Aymaran are language families of several million speakers each. Quechuan consists of a conglomerate of geo- graphically defined varieties, traditionally referred to as Quechua “dialects”, not- withstanding the fact that mutual intelligibility is often lacking. Present-day Ayma- ran consists of two distinct languages that are not normally referred to as “dialects”. The absence of a demonstrable genetic relationship between the Quechuan and Aymaran language families, accompanied by a lack of recognizable external gen- etic connections, suggests a long period of independent development, which may hark back to a period of incipient subsistence agriculture roughly dated between 8000 and 5000 BP (Torero 2002: 123–124), long before the Andean civilization at- tained its highest stages of complexity. Quechuan and Aymaran feature a great amount of detailed structural, phono- logical and lexical similarities and thus exemplify one of the most intriguing and intense cases of language contact to be found in the entire world. Often treated as a product of long-term convergence, the similarities between the Quechuan and Ay- maran families can best be understood as the result of an intense period of social and cultural intertwinement, which must have pre-dated the stage of the proto-lan- guages and was in turn followed by a protracted process of incidental and locally confined diffusion. -
Languages of the World--Native America
REPOR TRESUMES ED 010 352 46 LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD-NATIVE AMERICA FASCICLE ONE. BY- VOEGELIN, C. F. VOEGELIN, FLORENCE N. INDIANA UNIV., BLOOMINGTON REPORT NUMBER NDEA-VI-63-5 PUB DATE JUN64 CONTRACT MC-SAE-9486 EDRS PRICENF-$0.27 HC-C6.20 155P. ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS, 6(6)/1-149, JUNE 1964 DESCRIPTORS- *AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES, *LANGUAGES, BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA, ARCHIVES OF LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD THE NATIVE LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS OF THE NEW WORLD"ARE DISCUSSED.PROVIDED ARE COMPREHENSIVE LISTINGS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LANGUAGES OF AMERICAN INDIANSNORTH OF MEXICO ANDOF THOSE ABORIGINAL TO LATIN AMERICA..(THIS REPOR4 IS PART OF A SEkIES, ED 010 350 TO ED 010 367.)(JK) $. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION nib Office ofEduc.442n MD WELNicitt weenment Lasbeenreproduced a l l e a l O exactly r o n o odianeting es receivromed f the Sabi donot rfrocestarity it. Pondsof viewor position raimentofficial opinions or pritcy. Offkce ofEducation rithrppologicalLinguistics Volume 6 Number 6 ,Tune 1964 LANGUAGES OF TEM'WORLD: NATIVE AMER/CAFASCICLEN. A Publication of this ARC IVES OF LANGUAGESor 111-E w oRLD Anthropology Doparignont Indiana, University ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS is designed primarily, butnot exclusively, for the immediate publication of data-oriented papers for which attestation is available in the form oftape recordings on deposit in the Archives of Languages of the World. This does not imply that contributors will bere- stricted to scholars working in the Archives at Indiana University; in fact,one motivation for the publication -
The Linguistic Debate in Chile: Ideologies and Representations of Languages and Multilingual Practices in the National Online News
The linguistic debate in Chile: ideologies and representations of languages and multilingual practices in the national online news HANNA SLIASHYNSKAYA Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Newcastle University School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences July 2019 ii Abstract Linguistic ideologies, or beliefs about languages and their use, are key to dynamics and changes in language choice, language minorisation and death. Linguistic ideologies, especially those of monolingualism, have long been part of nation-states’ policies (Shohamy, 2006; Fairclough, 2015) despite the prevalence of multilingualism in social domains (Meyerhoff, 2008). Chile, the context of this research project, is a multilingual country with a surprisingly limited amount of language legislation (Leclerc, 2015) most of which focuses on governmental plans to make Chile bilingual by 2030 (Minsegpres, Mineduc and Minec, 2014) and the foreign language education in schools, namely, the teaching of English, the only foreign language taught in public schools since 2010. At the same time, the use of indigenous languages is not regulated, and Spanish is the de facto official language. In view of such laissez-faire regulations of Chile’s linguistic setting, it is crucial to explore public domains beyond language policy to explain the ongoing minoritisation of indigenous languages and the growth of the dominant languages. Thus, this thesis examines how dominant and minoritised languages are represented in popular national online newspapers. The collected data includes 8877 news articles published in ten most widely-read Chilean online newspapers between 2010 and 2016 and containing references to Chile’s local (Mapudungún, Rapa Nui, Aimara, Quechua, Yámana, Huilliche, Qawasqar, Kunza and Spanish) and foreign languages (English), as well as variously labelled multilingual practices, such as bilingualism and multilingualism. -
Revisión Del Genero De Avipas Sudamericanas Alophophion Cushman, 1947 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae)
Revista peruana de biología 21(1): 003 - 060 (2014) ISSN-L 1561-0837 Revision of the South American wasp genus ALOPHOPHION doi: http://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v21i1.8245 FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS UNMSM TRABAJOS ORIGINALES Revision of the South American wasp genus Alophophion Cushman, 1947 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) Revisión del genero de avipas sudamericanas Alophophion Cushman, 1947 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) Mabel Alvarado1,2 1 Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Abstract and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 1501 Crestline Drive – Suite 140, University of The species of the strictly Neotropical ophionine wasp genus Alophophion Cushman, 1947 are Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA revised. New descriptions of all previously named species are provided, except Alophophion 2 Departamento de Entomología, Museo de holosericeus (Taschenberg, 1875) for which the type series is lost and the name is herein Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor considered a nomen dubium. The female of A. flavorufus(Brullé, 1846) is described for the first de San Marcos. Av. Arenales 1256 Jesús María, time. Four informal species groups are proposed based on the morphology of the mandibles, Lima 14, Perú development of the malar space, and general proportions of the head (i.e., development of the face and gena). Whereas the genus previously included only seven named species, it is Email Mabel Alvarado: [email protected] here expanded to include 49 species (not including the aforementioned nomen dubium), 43 of which are newly discovered and described and thereby increasing the diversity by over eight times. A key to the four species groups and their included taxa is provided. -
[.35 **Natural Language Processing Class Here Computational Linguistics See Manual at 006.35 Vs
006 006 006 DeweyiDecimaliClassification006 006 [.35 **Natural language processing Class here computational linguistics See Manual at 006.35 vs. 410.285 *Use notation 019 from Table 1 as modified at 004.019 400 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 400 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 [400 [400 *‡Language Class here interdisciplinary works on language and literature For literature, see 800; for rhetoric, see 808. For the language of a specific discipline or subject, see the discipline or subject, plus notation 014 from Table 1, e.g., language of science 501.4 (Option A: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, class in 410, where full instructions appear (Option B: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, place before 420 through use of a letter or other symbol. Full instructions appear under 420–490) 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 SUMMARY [401–409 Standard subdivisions and bilingualism [410 Linguistics [420 English and Old English (Anglo-Saxon) [430 German and related languages [440 French and related Romance languages [450 Italian, Dalmatian, Romanian, Rhaetian, Sardinian, Corsican [460 Spanish, Portuguese, Galician [470 Latin and related Italic languages [480 Classical Greek and related Hellenic languages [490 Other languages 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [401 *‡Philosophy and theory See Manual at 401 vs. 121.68, 149.94, 410.1 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [.3 *‡International languages Class here universal languages; general -
La Gramática Tehuelche De Theophilus Schmid (Siglo XIX) “The Tehuelche Grammar of Theophilus Schmid (19Th Century)”
Revista argentina de historiografía lingüística, VII, 2, 127-139, 2015 La gramática tehuelche de Theophilus Schmid (siglo XIX) “The Tehuelche Grammar of Theophilus Schmid (19th century)” Ana Fernández Garay UNLPam, CONICET Abstract This paper highlights the significance that acquires Theophilus Schmid‟s work about the Tehuelche (1860), being the first existing grammar of this language designated Aonek’o ajen („southern language‟) by the ethnic group that speaks it. The linguistic studies about the Tehuelche, initiated around the sixties by Jorge Suárez and Ema Gregores, exhibited some changes in the structure of the Tehuelche in relation to Schmid‟s description. We will attempt to succinctly show those changes in order to prove the need of taking into account and analyze the linguistic data provided by this specialist to investigate the diachronic research of this language of the Chon family. Key words: Tehuelche, Theophilus Schmid, diachronic change, quantitative, non-finite form. Resumen El artículo destaca la importancia que adquiere el trabajo de Theophilus Schmid sobre el tehuelche (1860) al ser la primera gramática existente de esta lengua, denominada aonek’o ajen („lengua sureña‟) por el grupo étnico que la habla. Los estudios lingüísticos sobre el tehuelche, iniciados hacia los años ‟60 por Jorge Suárez y Emma Gregores, exhiben algunos cambios en la estructura del tehuelche en relación a lo que describe Schmid, que intentaremos mostrar en parte para confirmar la necesidad de tener en cuenta y analizar los datos lingüísticos aportados por este especialista, a fin de profundizar en el estudio diacrónico de esta lengua de la familia Chon. Palabras clave: Tehuelche, Theophilus Schmid, cambio diacrónico, cuantitativo, forma no finita. -
Munduko Hizkuntzen Izenak Euskaraz
HIZKUNTZALARITZA Munduko hizkuntzen izenak euskaraz Belen Uranga, Patxi Juaristi, Itziar Idiazabal, Andoni Barreña eta Estibalitz Amorrortu UNESCOko Munduko hizkuntzei buruzko txosteneko batzorde teknikoko kideak Lan honek munduko hizkuntza-izenak euskaraz emateko proposamen bat biltzen du. Proposamen hau premiak eragindako lanaren ondorio da. Izan ere, UNESCOren aginduz egindako Munduko hizkuntzei buruzko txostenean (Barreña eta beste, 2003a, 2003b; Amorrortu eta beste, 2004) aipatzen diren hizkuntza-izenen euskal ordainak ematerakoan, gai honen inguruan dagoen hutsuneari aurre egin behar izan zaio, txostenean agertzen diren hizkuntza- izen gehienak ez baititu Euskaltzaindiak arautu. Lan honetan, beraz, txos- tenean aipatzen diren hizkuntza-izenak euskaraz emateko egin den aukeraren berri emango da, eta hartarako erabilitako irizpide-proposamena aurkeztuko da. Ez dira munduko hizkuntza guztien euskal izenak bideratzen, aipatutako txostenean ageri direnenak baino. Lanak guztira 1.000tik gora euskal izen biltzen ditu. This article proposes a way to name in Basque the languages of the world. The proposal has been done as a consequence of the communicative need: when trying to give Basque names to the language names mentioned in the Review of the World’s Languages that UNESCO asked us to do, we had to come up with names we did not have, since most of the language names mentioned in the review have not been codified yet by the Basque Language Academy. Thus, in this article we explain the decisions taken and the criteria used to name the languages mentioned in the review. We do not propose Basque names for all the languages of the world, but just for the languages mentioned in the review. The list we provide contains more than 1,000 Basque names. -
Descriptive and Comparative Research on South American Indian Languages
Historical overview: Descriptive and comparative research on South American Indian languages Willem F. H. Adelaar 1. Introduction The extreme language diversity that was characteristic for South America must have been a challenge to native groups throughout the subcontinent, struggling to maintain commercial and political relations with each other. Due to the absence of phonetically based writing systems in pre-European times there is hardly any documentation about the way cross-linguistic communication was achieved. How- ever, the outlines of a conscious linguistic policy can be assumed from the Incas’ success in imposing their language upon a millenary multilingual society. Second- language learning, often by users of typologically widely different languages, must have been an everyday concern to the subjects of the Inca empire. Sixteenth-cen- tury chroniclers often report in a matter-of-fact way on the ease and rapidity with which native Americans mastered the language of their conquerors, be it Quechua, Spanish or any other language. Apart from such cases of political necessity, there are indications that language played an essential role in many South American native societies and that it could be manipulated and modified in a deliberate way. The use of stylistic speech levels among the Cuna (Sherzer 1983) and of ceremo- nial discourse among the Mbyá (Cadogan 1959; Clastres 1974), the Shuar (Gnerre 1986) and the Trio (Carlin 2004), the appreciation of rhetorical skill as a requisite for leadership among the Mapuche, the distinction of female and masculine speech among the Karajá (Rodrigues 2004) and the Chiquitano (Galeote 1993), the associ- ation of language choice and family lineage among the peoples of the Vaupés region (Sorensen 1967; Aikhenvald 2002), and the association of language choice and professional occupation in highland Bolivia (Howard 1995) appear to indicate an awareness of linguistic functionality not limited to daily communication alone. -
Mongeleluchi Zungu
Mongeleluchi zungu : los textos araucanos documentados por Roberto Titulo Lehmann-Nitsche Malvestitti, Marisa - Autor/a; Autor(es) Berlín Lugar Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Editorial/Editor Gerbr. Mann Verlag 2012 Fecha Estudios Indiana no. 4 Colección Vida cotidiana; Comunidades indígenas; Mapuches; Indígenas; Lehmann-Nitsche, Temas Robert; Libro Tipo de documento "http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar/Alemania/iai/20161115043053/pdf_1085.pdf" URL Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Derivadas CC BY-NC-ND Licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/deed.es Segui buscando en la Red de Bibliotecas Virtuales de CLACSO http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) Conselho Latino-americano de Ciências Sociais (CLACSO) Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) www.clacso.edu.ar 4 MONGELELUCHI A U ZUNGU UNG ESTUDIOS INDIANA - MONGELELUCHI ZUNGU Z Los textos araucanos I Entre 1899 y 1926 Roberto Lehmann-Nitsche, antropólogo alemán H que desarrolló su actividad profesional en el Museo de La Plata, reco- documentados por UC piló distintos tipos de textos que le fueron transmitidos, de modo oral L E o escrito, por veintiséis interlocutores mapuche. El archivo reunido, L Roberto Lehmann-Nitsche inédito en su mayor parte hasta el presente, comprende relatos, cuen- E tos, canciones y cartas en mapuzungun, además de fotografías y otros NG textos que considerados en conjunto, permiten recobrar aspectos de MO ESTUDIOS INDIAN la práctica etnográfica del recopilador, así como de las historias de vida personal y comunitaria de que quienes con él interactuaron. A La publicación de este volumen tiende a dos propósitos centrales. IAN En primer lugar, acercar a los lectores versiones bilingües de un con- D junto de textos que circulaban en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, IN desde las voces de quienes habían vivido las contingencias de la cam- paña militar que tuvo su epicentro entre 1879 y 1885. -
TEHUELTXEERA TEHUELCHE, TEHUELCHE, TEHUELCHE Language Family: Chonan, Chon Proper, Continental Chon, Tehuelche. Language Codes
TEHUELTXEERA TEHUELCHE, TEHUELCHE, TEHUELCHE Language family: Chonan, Chon proper, Continental Chon, Tehuelche. Language codes: ISO 639-1 - ISO 639-2 - ISO 639-3 teh Glottolog: tehu1242. Beste izen batzuk (autoglotonimoa: patagon): aoniken alt tehuelche [THE]. gunua-kena alt tehuelche [THE]. gununa-kena alt tehuelche [THE]. inaquen alt tehuelche [THE]. tehuelche [TEH] hizk. Argentina. ARGENTINA tehuelche (aoniken, gunua-kena, gununa-kena, inaquen) [TEH] 30 hiztun (1983, Casamiquela, in Clairis). Patagonia. Chon. Herria Txiletik etorria da. Iraungitzear. Hizkuntza / lengua: tehueltxeera / tehuelche / tehuelche / tehuelche. Hiztunak / hablantes (2002): 30 (Ethnologue). Herrialdea / país: Txile, Argentina (Patagonia). oOo HISTORIA. Tehueltxeak, “patagoiak” bezala ere ezagunak, herri transumantea izan zen eta hainbat izen ematen zioten beren buruari, dialekto eta lurraldearen arabera: genaken, aonikén o aonikenk, selknam eta manneken. Komunitate hauek tsonek, tsonk edo chon izenez ezagutzen ziren. Maputxeek deitu zieten tehueltxeak (“gizon suharra” adierazi nahi duen hitzez mapudungun hizkuntzan), maputxeak Comahue eta Patagonian hedatzeari txit gogor oldartu zitzaizkielako. 1980ko hamarkadan pertsona gutxik zuen tehueltxeeraren oroitzapenik. Ikuspuntu honekin kontsideratuta, deskribapen hau hizkuntz arkeologia da, non hizkuntzaren erresen bidez lortu den funtsezko bere egiturak aurkitzea maila fonologiko, gramatikal eta lexikoan. Gainera nahitaezko katebegia da linguistika konparatuan ikerketak areagotzeko eta iberoamerikar hizkuntzak sailkatzeko.