DOCSLIB.ORG

A Study of Three Translations of Luotuo Xiangzi in the USA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Study of Three Translations of Luotuo Xiangzi in the USA Lingnan University Digital Commons @ Lingnan University Theses & Dissertations Department of Translation 2007 Context, translator and history : a study of three translations of Luotuo Xiangzi in the USA Ying Jun LI Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.ln.edu.hk/tran_etd Part of the Applied Linguistics Commons, and the Translation Studies Commons Recommended Citation Li, Y. J. (2007). Context, translator and history: A study of three translations of Luotuo Xiangzi in the USA (Master's thesis, Lingnan University, Hong Kong). Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.14793/tran_etd.3 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Translation at Digital Commons @ Lingnan University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Lingnan University. Terms of Use The copyright of this thesis is owned by its author. Any reproduction, adaptation, distribution or dissemination of this thesis without express authorization is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved. CONTEXT, TRANSLATOR AND HISTORY: A STUDY OF THREE TRANSLATIONS OF LUOTUO XIANGZI IN THE USA LI YING JUN MPHIL LINGNAN UNIVERSITY 2007 CONTEXT, TRANSLATOR AND HISTORY: A STUDY OF THREE TRANSLATIONS OF LUOTUO XIANGZI IN THE USA by LI Ying Jun A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in Translation Lingnan University 2007 ABSTRACT Context, Translator and History: A Study of Three Translations of Luotuo Xiangzi in the USA By Li Yingjun Master of Philosophy Three different English translations of Lao She’s (老舍) Luotuo Xiangzi (骆驼祥子) were marketed in the USA from 1945 to 2005. What are the major historical occurrences and trends from the late 19th to the early 21st century that define the contexts of these translations? Beginning with an analysis of the stylistic features of each translation, the present study explores how each of the three translators and the corresponding historical context impacted on the production of the translated text, its marketing orientation and its reception in the USA. With a comparison of the three translated texts and their meta-textual features, the study seeks to reveal the attitude of each translator and their translation strategies, which are, to a large extent, decreed by their historical times. The first translation Rickshaw Boy (1945) was a market success because it met the requirement of popular fiction and echoed the prevailing preconception about China immediately after the WWII. The second translation Rickshaw (1979) was an academic production associated with the revival of Sino-US diplomacy in the 1970s. The third translation Camel Xiangzi (1981), which was produced in China but published in both China and the USA, originated from China’s wish to be better known by the world; while the reprint of Camel Xiangzi in 2005 by a Hong Kong publisher represented a new era when Chinese cultural products were turned into profitable commodities in the global cultural market. The production and circulation of the three translations can be studied as historical texts themselves. The three translations, which are connected to all the great events since WWII, show the change of the Chinese image in the American media. They also shed light on the evolution of Chinese literary studies in American academia, which has gradually become an independent discipline during the same period. DECLARATION I declare that this is an original work based primarily on my own research, and I warrant that all citations of previous research, published or unpublished, have been duly acknowledged. Signature of Student ( ) Date CONTENTS LISTS OF TABLES AND ILLUSTRATIONS………………………………………….ii ACKOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………...……………......iii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION…….………………………………………………………….1 1.1 “Context” and Others……………………………………………………...2 1.2 Lao She and Luotuo Xiangzi………………………………………………6 2. STYLE, TRANSLATOR AND HISTORY………………...…………………..13 2.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………13 2.2 Lao She’s Style………………………………………………………........14 2.3 A Comparison of the Translators’ Styles.…………………………………15 2.4 Stylistic Features of Each Translation……………………………………27 2.5 Translators and History…………………………………………………..33 3. EVAN KING’S TRANSLATION: AN INVENTED SUCCESS……………....37 3.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………....37 3.2 Rickshaw Boy: Evan King’s Translation of Luotuo Xiangzi………….....37 3.3 Factors contributing to the shaping of Rickshaw Boy…………………...48 3.4 Conclusion………………………………………………………..……...59 4. JEAN M. JAMES’S TRANSLATION: AN ACADEMIC TEXTBOOK……. 61 4.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………….61 4.2 Translations of Lao She in Relation to Modern Chinese Literary Studies…………………………………………………...……………..62 4.3 James’ Translation and Studies of Lao She in the USA………………….72 4.4 Conclusion………………………………………………………………..81 5. SHI XIAOJING’S TRANSLATION: A MARKETABLE COMMODITY…...83 5.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………… 83 5.2 Camel Xiangzi of 1981…………………………………………………85 5.3 Translation of Luotuo Xiangzi in the New Millennium…………………..93 5.4 Conclusion………………………………………………………..…….109 6. CONCLUSIONS…...………...…….…………………..………………….……..112 Appendix…………………………………………………………………………….116 1 THE DILEMMA OF THE TRANSLATOR…………………………….116 2 DESCRIPTIONS OF NATURAL SETTINGS…..……………………...118 3 DIALOGUES…..………….……………………………………………..119 4 CULTURE-RELATED ITEMS..…………………………………………121 5 ILLUSTRATIONS IN CAMEL XIANGZI (1981)…..…………………..123 References………………………………………………….…………………………..125 i Lists of Tables and Illustrations Tables Table 1 Comparison of Translation Styles Table 2 Comparison of Culture-related Items Table 3 Character Names in King’s Translation Table 4 Major Translations of Lao She’s Novels in the USA Table 5 Publishers and Intended Readers of the Three Editions of Camel Xiangzi Table 6 Major Historical Events Related to the Three Translations Illustrations Illustration 1 A Sketch of Xiangzi by Cyrus LeRay Baldridge on the Cover of Rickshaw Boy (second edition) Illustration 2 A Photograph of Rickshaw Pullers in Beijing Taken by a Westerner in the 1920s Illustration 3 The Route of Xiangzi’s Escape from a Military Camp Illustration 4 Xiangzi’s Beijing Illustration 5 An Illustration of Xiangzi in Camel Xiangzi (1981) ii Acknowledgement Two and a half years ago, I underestimated the challenge of studying for a Master of Philosophy degree under the supervision of Prof. Leo Chan and Dr. Julie Chiu. But now I am grateful for their demand for high standards which have pushed me to a higher level, and I have progressed further than anticipated in terms of academic responsibility, or excellence, if I may say so. Since my supervisors and I had different expectations toward this Master’s thesis, the process of writing it was harsher than I had been prepared for. I would like to thank Prof. Chan, among other things, for his suggestions and encouragement, which supported me all the way, particularly in the last few months. And I am grateful for Dr. Chiu, my co-supervisor, who went through each version of my thesis, especially for her efforts in polishing the version submitted for the oral examination. Finally, I want to thank all the faculty members of Translation Department, for their suggestions on my thesis, provided on various occasions. My thanks also extend to all the graduate students of the department, who share a lot of pleasant memories with me. iii Chapter One Introduction My interests in Luotuo Xiangzi and its translations began with my encounter of Rickshaw Boy, which was the first translation of Luotuo Xiangzi. This translation was a huge success in the American market and later found to be unfaithful. The stories surrounding the translations of Luotuo Xiangzi are interesting cases for study in several other ways. The Chinese original boasts of three versions of English translations available in the US market in different times, spanning a period of some sixty years. Each was rendered in a distinctive social, political, and economic environment, and the translators incorporated their own interpretations into their works. These interpretations of the translators, the environment that each translation found itself in, and the very fact that this novel was repeatedly translated all seem to call for attention. By contextualizing the three versions of English translations in their specific social contexts, this study explores the impact of history on the production and shaping of translation, as reflected in the specifics of the translation, publication and reception associated with each of the three versions. It also examines the role played by the translators, which again reflect the impulses of their historical periods. It would be found that these translations are helpful tools with which to delve into American perception of China and its culture, and the evolution of the image of China from 1945 to 2005. Translation studies in China have traditionally focused on translated literatures of western origins, with an emphasis on the impact of these literatures on Chinese modernization during the first half of the 20th century. There are few studies that attempt to analyze the impact of translated Chinese literature on their target languages and cultures. Among these works about translated Chinese literature, some are bibliographical 1 in nature, providing statistics and titles about works published (e.g. Ma Zuyi 1997), others emphasize the spread of classical Chinese literature (e.g. Huang Mingfen 1997), which seem to be still designated with a higher prestige in western
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Comparative Study of Style Reproduction of the Two English Versions of Luo Tuo Xiang Zi from the Perspective of Literary Stylistics
    2019 International Conference on Humanities, Cultures, Arts and Design (ICHCAD 2019) A Comparative Study of Style Reproduction of the Two English Versions of Luo Tuo Xiang Zi from the Perspective of Literary Stylistics Hua Zhao Shenzhen Longgang Kangyi School, Shenzhen 518118, China Zhaohua198709@163. com Corresponding Author Keywords: Literary Stylistics, Comparative Studies, Aesthetic Value, Style Reproduction, Fiction Translation Abstract: Literary Stylistics, an Interdisciplinary Field among Linguistics and Literary Criticism, Focuses on the Form of Literary Works and the Inseparable Relation between Content and Form. It Provides Not Only a Theoretical Foundation for the Investigation of Style Reproduction, But Also a Feasible Approach for Actual Text Analyzing and Studying. This Present Paper Employs Literary Stylistics as the Theoretical Foundation and Refers to the Analysis Model Put Forward by the Renowned Scholar-Shen Dan. Two Distinctive English Versions of Luo Tuo Xiang Are Selected as Examples of the Study, Which Are Shi Xiaojing’s Version (Referred to as Shi’s Version in the Following) and Howard Goldblatt’s Version (Referred to as Goldblatt’s Version in the Following). the Paper Adopts Comparative Research Method. Merits and Demerits Will Be Both Explored in Each Version and the Reproduction and Loss of the Original Thematic Meaning and Aesthetic Effects Will Be Revealed. According to the Distinctive Features of Lao She’s Work, the Present Paper Chooses to Select the Most Extruding Two Aspects to Analyze, Namely the Lexical Categories and the Syntactic Categories. the Present Paper Selects Two New English Versions, One is from Shi Xiaojing Who is a Chinese and the Other is from Howard Goldblatt Who is from America.
    [Show full text]
  • Rickshaw Boy Free
    FREE RICKSHAW BOY PDF Lao She | 300 pages | 07 Sep 2010 | HarperCollins Publishers Inc | 9780061436925 | English | New York, NY, United States Rickshaw driver's son beats odds to join famed UK ballet school | UK news | The Guardian Kamal Singh did not even know what ballet was when he turned up nervously at the Imperial Fernando Ballet School, in Delhi, during the summer of Rickshaw Boy But the year-old, known as Noddy, whose father was a rickshaw driver in the west of the city, had been transfixed by ballet dancers in a Bollywood film, and wanted to try it for himself. Four years on Singh is now one of the first Indian students Rickshaw Boy be admitted to the English National Ballet school. He started this week. I am the first in my family to come to London. He had a Rickshaw Boy that was ready-made for ballet by god Rickshaw Boy he just needed to be taught how to use it. He studied at the school for 10 to 12 hours every day. I Rickshaw Boy him for four years, and he Rickshaw Boy asked for a break, he never missed a single day. He also made Singh and his family realise that there was a future in ballet. After that my father allowed me to study full-time. He had been granted a scholarship to return this year but the Covid pandemic happened and everything was cancelled. Just as it seemed as if the opportunities were disappearing, an advert on Instagram said that English National Ballet in London was looking for male dancers.
    [Show full text]
  • Laughter and the Cosmopolitan Aesthetic in Lao She's 二马 (Mr. Ma
    CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture ISSN 1481-4374 Purdue University Press ©Purdue University Volume 16 (2014) Issue 1 Article 6 Laughter and the Cosmopolitan Aesthetic in Lao She's ?? (Mr. Ma and Son) Jeffrey Mather City University of Hong Kong Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, and the East Asian Languages and Societies Commons Dedicated to the dissemination of scholarly and professional information, Purdue University Press selects, develops, and distributes quality resources in several key subject areas for which its parent university is famous, including business, technology, health, veterinary medicine, and other selected disciplines in the humanities and sciences. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, the peer-reviewed, full-text, and open-access learned journal in the humanities and social sciences, publishes new scholarship following tenets of the discipline of comparative literature and the field of cultural studies designated as "comparative cultural studies." Publications in the journal are indexed in the Annual Bibliography of English Language and Literature (Chadwyck-Healey), the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (Thomson Reuters ISI), the Humanities Index (Wilson), Humanities International Complete (EBSCO), the International Bibliography of the Modern Language Association of America, and Scopus (Elsevier). The journal is affiliated with the Purdue University Press monograph series of Books in Comparative Cultural Studies. Contact: <[email protected]> Recommended Citation Mather, Jeffrey. "Laughter and the Cosmopolitan Aesthetic in Lao She's ?? (Mr. Ma and Son)." CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 16.1 (2014): <https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.2115> This text has been double-blind peer reviewed by 2+1 experts in the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Representations of Cities in Republican-Era Chinese Literature
    Representations of Cities in Republican-era Chinese Literature Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Hao Zhou, B.A. Graduate Program in East Asian Languages and Literatures The Ohio State University 2010 Thesis Committee: Kirk A. Denton, Advisor Heather Inwood Copyright by Hao Zhou 2010 Abstract The present study serves to explore the relationships between cities and literature by addressing the issues of space, time, and modernity in four works of fiction, Lao She’s Luotuo xiangzi (Camel Xiangzi, aka Rickshaw Boy), Mao Dun’s Ziye (Midnight), Ba Jin’s Han ye (Cold nights), and Zhang Ailing’s Qingcheng zhi lian (Love in a fallen city), and the four cities they depict, namely Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, and Hong Kong, respectively. In this thesis I analyze the depictions of the cities in the four works, and situate them in their historical and geographical contexts to examine the characteristics of each city as represented in the novels. In studying urban space in the literary texts, I try to address issues of the “imaginablity” of cities to question how physical urban space intertwines with the characters’ perception and imagination about the cities and their own psychological activities. These works are about the characters, the plots, or war in the first half of the twentieth century; they are also about cities, the human experience in urban space, and their understanding or reaction about the urban space. The experience of cities in Republican era fiction is a novel one, one associated with a new modern historical consciousness.
    [Show full text]
  • “Estudios Artísticos, Literarios Y De La Cultura” Tesis Doctoral
    UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LINGÜÍSTICA GENERAL, LENGUAS MODERNAS, LÓGICA Y FILOSOFÍA DE LA CIENCIA, TEORÍA DE LA LITERATURA Y LITERATURA COMPARADA ÁREA DE TEORÍA DE LA LITERATURA Y LITERATURA COMPARADA PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO en “Estudios Artísticos, Literarios y de la Cultura” Tesis Doctoral “ESPEJO CURVO: DISEÑO DE CUBIERTAS DE LIBROS DE LITERATURA CONTEMPORÁNEA CHINA EN ESPAÑA” Doctorando: Cheng Li Directores: Dr. Juan Carlos Gómez Alonso Dr. David Amezcua Gómez Madrid, octubre de 2018 Tesis que, para la obtención del Título de Doctor, dentro del programa de Programa de doctorado del RD 99/2011 en “Estudios Artísticos, Literarios y de la Cultura”, presenta el Licenciado Cheng Li bajo la dirección del Doctor Juan Carlos Gómez Alonso, Profesor Titular de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, y del Doctor David Amezcua Gómez, profesor ayudante doctor de Lengua y Literatura Inglesa en la Universidad CEU San Pablo en Madrid. Vº Bº de los directores 3 ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN .......................................................................................................... 9 CAPÍTULO I: LA CUBIERTA DE LOS LIBROS: MARKETING, DISEÑO Y RETÓRICA ............................................................................................... 15 1.1 El carácter mercantil del libro y la competencia en el mercado editorial .......... 15 1.2 La cubierta de los libros: evolución histórica .................................................... 20 1.3 El
    [Show full text]
  • Images of Women in Chinese Literature. Volume 1. REPORT NO ISBN-1-880938-008 PUB DATE 94 NOTE 240P
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 385 489 SO 025 360 AUTHOR Yu-ning, Li, Ed. TITLE Images of Women in Chinese Literature. Volume 1. REPORT NO ISBN-1-880938-008 PUB DATE 94 NOTE 240p. AVAILABLE FROM Johnson & Associates, 257 East South St., Franklin, IN 46131-2422 (paperback: $25; clothbound: ISBN-1-880938-008, $39; shipping: $3 first copy, $0.50 each additional copy). PUB TYPE Books (010) Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Chinese Culture; *Cultural Images; Females; Folk Culture; Foreign Countries; Legends; Mythology; Role Perception; Sexism in Language; Sex Role; *Sex Stereotypes; Sexual Identity; *Womens Studies; World History; *World Literature IDENTIFIERS *Asian Culture; China; '`Chinese Literature ABSTRACT This book examines the ways in which Chinese literature offers a vast array of prospects, new interpretations, new fields of study, and new themes for the study of women. As a result of the global movement toward greater recognition of gender equality and human dignity, the study of women as portrayed in Chinese literature has a long and rich history. A single volume cannot cover the enormous field but offers volume is a starting point for further research. Several renowned Chinese writers and researchers contributed to the book. The volume includes the following: (1) Introduction (Li Yu- Wing);(2) Concepts of Redemption and Fall through Woman as Reflected in Chinese Literature (Tsung Su);(3) The Poems of Li Qingzhao (1084-1141) (Kai-yu Hsu); (4) Images of Women in Yuan Drama (Fan Pen Chen);(5) The Vanguards--The Truncated Stage (The Women of Lu Yin, Bing Xin, and Ding Ling) (Liu Nienling); (6) New Woman vs.
    [Show full text]
  • University of California Riverside
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Uncertain Satire in Modern Chinese Fiction and Drama: 1930-1949 A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature by Xi Tian August 2014 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Perry Link, Chairperson Dr. Paul Pickowicz Dr. Yenna Wu Copyright by Xi Tian 2014 The Dissertation of Xi Tian is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Uncertain Satire in Modern Chinese Fiction and Drama: 1930-1949 by Xi Tian Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Program in Comparative Literature University of California, Riverside, August 2014 Dr. Perry Link, Chairperson My dissertation rethinks satire and redefines our understanding of it through the examination of works from the 1930s and 1940s. I argue that the fluidity of satiric writing in the 1930s and 1940s undermines the certainties of the “satiric triangle” and gives rise to what I call, variously, self-satire, self-counteractive satire, empathetic satire and ambiguous satire. It has been standard in the study of satire to assume fixed and fairly stable relations among satirist, reader, and satirized object. This “satiric triangle” highlights the opposition of satirist and satirized object and has generally assumed an alignment by the reader with the satirist and the satirist’s judgments of the satirized object. Literary critics and theorists have usually shared these assumptions about the basis of satire. I argue, however, that beginning with late-Qing exposé fiction, satire in modern Chinese literature has shown an unprecedented uncertainty and fluidity in the relations among satirist, reader and satirized object.
    [Show full text]
  • LAO She Lǎo Shě ​老 舍 1899–1966 Author and Playwright
    ◀ Lansing-Ishii Agreement Comprehensive index starts in volume 5, page 2667. LAO She Lǎo Shě ​老 舍 1899–1966 Author and playwright Lao She was the penname of Shu Qingchun, a School of Oriental and African Studies, and was inspired writer of humorous novels, short stories, and by reading the novels of British writer Charles Dickens. plays that praise the Communist Chinese When Lao returned to China in 1930, he had already regime. written three novels and had achieved a reputation as a humorous writer, and he continued to write while teach- ing. During the War of Resistance against Japan (known outside China as the Second Sino- Japanese War, 1937– hu Qingchun, who wrote under the pen name Lao 1945) he was head of the All- China Anti- Japanese Writers She, was one of modern China’s most celebrated Federation, and in 1946 accepted a cultural grant from humorists; his satirical novels, short stories, the U.S. Department of State. He stayed in the United and plays are highly appreciated. He is also known for States for three years, returning to China in 1949 after his sympathy for the underprivileged. After graduating the founding of the People’s Republic. He participated in from Beijing Teacher’s College in 1924 he went to Eng- a number state- and party- sponsored cultural and organi- land, where he taught Mandarin Chinese, studied at the zations. But at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution Drawing of a man being transported in a rickshaw, from the ancient painting manual The Book of Jen Wu. One of Lao She’s best known novels, Rickshaw Boy, portrays the tragic life of a Beijing rickshaw puller.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Ceramic Hub Set for Boost
    18 | Monday, October 28, 2019 LIFE CHINA DAILY HONG KONG EDITION A tough act to follow After the success of plays like Divorce and Cat Country, Fang Xu’s latest adaptation of another Lao She novel is ready to take center stage, Chen Nan reports. hen a couple with no heirs found an aban­ doned child on their doorstep, they decid­ ed to adopt him and give him the W name Niu Tianci — which means “gift from heaven”. That’s how Lao She’s 1934 novel A foreign ceramic craftsman interacts with a Chinese peer at a The Story of Niu Tianci begins. fall fair that gathered more than 200 artists from over 60 coun­ Unlike Lao She’s other novels, tries in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, on Oct 17. ZHOU MI / XINHUA such as Rickshaw Boy and Four Generations Under One Roof, The Story of Niu Tianci is less well­ known and has never been adapted into a movie, TV series or theatrical Ancient ceramic production. However, when Chinese actor­di­ rector Fang Xu read the novel a few years ago, he was intrigued by how hub set for boost the protagonist as a young man found out that he wasn’t particular­ ly good at anything, yet still had to NANCHANG — Porcelain crafts­ difficult to achieve in their own obey the numerous rules and regu­ men from home and abroad say countries. lations set down by his parents and the plan of turning Jingdezhen, a “Jingdezhen is a spectacle. You society. Chinese city renowned for its have new discoveries here every Last year, when Lao She’s eldest 1,700­year history of manufactur­ year.
    [Show full text]
  • Joubin MLQ Lao
    Modern Language Quarterly Volume 69 Number 1 March 2008 Special Issue Editor WangNing A JOURNAL OF LITERARY HISTORY Cosmopolitanism and Its Discontents: The Dialectic between the Global and the Local in Lao She’s Fiction Alexa Alice Joubin Mélange, hotchpotch, . is the great possibility that mass migration gives the world, and I have tried to embrace it. I was already a mongrel self, history’s bastard. — Salman Rushdie would like to take Rushdie’s staunch affirmation of cosmopolitan- Iism as a point of departure to examine the global-local dialectic of otherness in modern Chinese literary imaginations, with particular ref- erence to a “history’s bastard” created by one of China’s most impor- tant humorists and satirists, Lao She (pseudonym of Shu Qingchun, 1899 – 1966). This article first examines the theoretical basis of cosmo- politanism and the implications of cultural hybridization — a mode of “modernization” that was much contested in early-twentieth-century China and is a cause no less contested in the twenty-first century. The notion of cosmopolitanism has been used to refer to a number of cross- cultural identities, including that of a migrant (Salman Rushdie), a refugee (Jean-Jacques Rousseau), a flaneur, a globe-trotter in a late capitalist society,1 a member of the elite class who can shape and con- sume global cultural capital, a person celebrating the perceived superi- 1 Jeremy Waldron, “Minority Cultures and the Cosmopolitan Alternative,” in The Rights of Minority Cultures, ed. Will Kymlicka (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 95. I am indebted to Marshall Brown, Wilt Idema, Leo Ou-fan Lee, David Palumbo-Liu, and Wang Ning for their insightful comments on different versions of this article.
    [Show full text]
  • Rendering the Regional
    Rendering the Regional Rendering the Regional LOCAL LANGUAGE IN CONTEMPORARY CHINESE MEDIA Edward M.Gunn University of Hawai`i Press Honolulu Publication of this book was aided by the Hull Memorial Publication Fund of Cornell University. ( 2006 University of Hawai`i Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 111009080706654321 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gunn, Edward M. Rendering the regional : local language in contemporary Chinese media / Edward M. Gunn. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8248-2883-6 (alk. paper) 1. Language and cultureÐChina. 2. Language and cultureÐTaiwan. 3. Popular cultureÐChina. 4. Popular cultureÐTaiwan. I. Title. P35.5.C6G86 2005 306.4400951Ðdc22 2005004866 University of Hawai`i Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources. Designed by University of Hawai`i Press Production Staff Printed by The Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group Contents List of Maps and Illustrations /vi Acknowledgments / vii A Note on Romanizations /ix Introduction / 1 1 (Im)pure Culture in Hong Kong / 17 2 Polyglot Pluralism and Taiwan / 60 3 Guilty Pleasures on the Mainland Stage and in Broadcast Media / 108 4 Inadequacies Explored: Fiction and Film in Mainland China / 157 Conclusion: The Rhetoric of Local Languages / 204 Notes / 211 Sources Cited / 231 Index / 251 ±v± List of Maps and Illustrations Figure 1. Map showing distribution of Sinitic (Han) Languages / 2 Figure 2. Map of locations cited in the text / 6 Figure 3. The Hong Kong ®lm Cageman /42 Figure 4. Illustrated romance and pornography in Hong Kong / 46 Figure 5.
    [Show full text]
  • •Š a Century of Olympic Consciousness and National Anxiety in China
    “How Could Anyone Respect Us?” A Century of Olympic Consciousness and National Anxiety in China Andrew Morris Associate Professor of History California Polytechnic State University, San Louis Obispo “China has never produced an earthshaking scientist or author or explorer ... not even a talentedathletefortheOlympics! Whenyouthinkaboutit,howcouldanyonerespectus?” – Novelist Lao She, Ma and Son (1935)1 Much of the history of China’s modern sports and physical culture program (tiyu) has been phrased, experienced, understood, and remembered as a gesture of national defense. Enemies have come, gone, and come again—the Western and Japanese im­ perialists, the Communists, the Nationalists, the footbound and weak, the ignorant and unhygienic, the decadent and materialistic, Taiwan, Falun Gong, and (again) U.S. and Japanese imperialists. All have served as forces that threatened China’s national body and had to be defeated with the rhythms, motions, disciplines, and ideologies of modern sport. Thus, over the last century, sport in China has served as a marker of political and social power, but it has also represented a profound national anxiety. This article investigates this realm and the tension between power and anxiety, and strength and fear, that has characterized so many of China’s political movements over its many governmental transitions since the fall of the Qing Dynasty. SPORT AND NATIONAL HUMILIATION From the earliest moments of the Republic of China period (1912–1949), all types of physical culture exhibited an affinity with a defensive nationalism. The first high-profile example of anti-imperialism and nationalism through Chinese sport came in the 1915 Andrew Morris is an associate professor of history at California Polytechnic State University, San Louis Obispo.
    [Show full text]