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Durham E-Theses Durham E-Theses The teaching of Chinese history in English schools in the twentieth century: a case study in world history teaching Jackson, Allan How to cite: Jackson, Allan (1983) The teaching of Chinese history in English schools in the twentieth century: a case study in world history teaching, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7872/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 THE TEACHING OF CHINESE HISTORY IN ENGLISH SCHOOLS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: A CASE STUDY IN WORLD HISTORY TEACHING REFERENCES, APPENDICES, BIBLIOGRAPHY Allan Jackson The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. A thesis submitted for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Durham School of Education, 1983 16 . .JMJ i984 CONTENTS VOLUME TWO PAGES 1. References Chapter 1 399 Chapter 2 404 Chapter 3 415 Chapter 4 424 Chapter 5 443 Chapter 6 446 Chapter 7 450 Chapter 8 466 Chapter 9 477 Chapter 10 495 2. Appendices 1: School text-books and topic-books used in quantitative analysis, Chapters 5 and 6. 524 2a: Content-analysis of articles in History. 571 2b: Content-analysis of articles in English Historical Review. 573 2c: Content-analysis of articles in History Today. 575 2d: Content-analysis of articles in Teaching History .... 576 2e: Content-analysis of theses presented to british universities and listed by Aslib. .•... 578 2f: References to China in Times Educational supplement. 580 3a(i): The teaching of chinese history (questionnaire). 581 3a(ii): History curriculum content (questionnaire). 585 3b: Chinese history (questionnaire}. 586 3c: Other people in the world (questionnaire). 587 3. Bibliography • • • . • • 593 4. Acknowledgments . • . • . • 74 7 REFERENCES Note (a) The following abbreviations are used. AHR American Historical Review DES Department of Education and Science EHR English Historical Review HA Historical Association HEJ Higher Education Journal HMI Her(His) Majesty's inspector(ate) HT History today JAOS Journal of American Oriental Society JCH Journal of Contemporary History JRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society JRAS(NCB) Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (North China Branch) LCC London County Council PRO Public Record Office SOAS School of Oriental and African Studies TES Times Educational Supplement TH Teaching History THES Times Higher Education Supplement TLS Times Literary Supplement Note (b) Definite and indefinite articles have been removed from titles unless ambiguity would result. CHAPTER ONE 1. Herodotus, ed. Selincourt, Histories,1954, 13. 2. qu. J.B. Lightfoot, Dissertations on the apostolic age, 1892, 306. 3. qu. ibid, 272, 291. 4. Paul,! Cor.12:13; Col. 3:11. (And R.G.Collingwood, Idea of history, 1946,49-50). 5. Pampaedia, qu. N.Hans, in G.F.Bereday and J.A. Lauwerys,eds., Yearbook of education,1964,24. 6. qu. J.B. Bury, Idea of progress, 1955 (1920) 166-7. 7. L. Pompa, Vico, 1975, 2, 120-1,35; H. Hughes, Spengler, 1979, 38. 8. J.H. Brumfitt, Voltaire, 1958, 1, 76. 9. Bury, op cit., 167-8 10. G.W.F. Hegel, Lectures on philosophy of world history, 1975 (1822) 21, 62, 23, 102, 136, 140, 144. 11. Ibid, 80, 82, 94, 97, 105, 82-9. 12. Ibid, 46, 51, 56, 64. 13. Ibid, 59, 60, 61, 63. (And 122-3, 148). 14. E. Cassirer, Essay on man, 1944, 189. H. Butterfield, Man on his past, 1945, 105. 399 15. qu. W.B. Ga1lie, Philosophy and historical understanding, 1964, 75. L. van Ranke (1830) in F. Stern,ed, Varieties of history, 1970, 59, 61. 16. Hans, op cit., 30, 31. 17. Ibid, 29, 26. Ranke,op. cit., 60. J.A. Lauwerys, History textbooks, 1953,75. 18. J. Pickering, in JAOS,1, 1, 1843, 6-40 (6-14) 40-46 (40-2, 42-3, 44-5). 19. Infra, pp. 68-83, 106-40. 20. J.D. Pearson, Oriental manuscripts, 1971,XXVI,XLIV,LVI. (And XIV,XXII,XXII-IV,XXX-XXXI,XXXV,XLI,XLVII). 21. J.B. du Halde, Description of the empire of China, 1738,vol.1,i. 22. qu. P. Sykes, Quest for Cathay, 1936,20. Sykes assumes these were the Chinese. (And see G.F. Hudson, Europe and China, 1931,125-6). 23. Infra, p. 6. 24~ Georgics, qu. Sykes, op.cit.,42. 25. Geographia, qu. ibid, 25. 26. qu. J. Needham, Science and Civilisation in China, 1954,vol.1,157. 27. qu. ibid, 158. 28. Sykes, op.cit., 61. 29. And see infra, pp. 7, 51. 30. Ssu-ma Ch'ien, ed. B. Watson, Records of the grand historian of China,vol.2,1961. 31. Sykes, op.cit., 200. 32. In G. Pereira et al, ed. C.R. Boxer, South China in 16th century,1953,17,6,7. (And 8,14-15) • 33. Ibid, 88 (and 89-90,93,103,96,99); 118,146,110. 34. See J.de Mendoza, ed. G. Staunton, History of the great and mighty kingdom of China, 1853-4, Liv-Lix. 35. In Pereira et al., op.cit., Lxxv-vi, and 260. 36. Ibid, 284-5,286. 37. Ibid, xvii. Sykes, op.cit.,256. Hudson, op.cit.,242. 38. Pereira et al, op.cit.,xc,xci. 39. R. Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, 1903,vol.6,348-77. 400 40. P. Mundy, ed. R.C. Temple, Travels, 1919, 162, 190, 259, 273-4, 289, 295, 306, 308, 312; 260; 301; 304-5. 41. Ibid, 303. 42. Needham, op.cit.,1954,1.,148. 43. M. Ricci, ed. L.J.Gallagher, China in the 16th century,1953. N.C. Buckley, in H.T., 27,Sept.1977,573-84. 44. Infra, pp. 14, 16, 376. 45. E.J. van Kley, in AHR, 76, 2, Ap.1971,385. (I am indebted to this article for details on Martini and other scholars of biblical chronology). 46. J.F. Lach, in J. Hist. of Ideas,6,4,0ct.1945,436-55 (esp.439-41). (And A. Reichwein, China and Europe, 1925,79-83). 47. W. Temple, in Works, 1814 (1690) vol.3, 313-405, 444-86; esp.325-45, 448-9, 451-7. 48. Ibid, 384. 49. B. Russell, New hopes for a changing world, 1951,11. 50. H.R. Trevor-Roper, in Listener, 28-11-63,871. 51. H.R. Isaacs, Scratches on our minds, 1958,94. 52. See Reichwein, op.cit. H.G. Creel, Confucius,1951. w.~J. RppletGI\ A c~e.lt of c"'tho.jj l'\51. 53. Appleton, op.cit.,39. (And Reichwein, op.cit., 20.75-98). 54. Appleton, op.cit.,37-52, gives a concise analysis. 55. Herder, Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menscheit, 1906 (1784). Diderot, Encyclopaedia, 1751, qu. Reichwein, op.cit.,92. Poivre, Travels of a philosopher, 1769, qu.ibid, 92. Quesnay, Despotisme de la Chine,1767,qu. L.S. Stavrianos, Readings in world history,1970,430. (And Reichwein, op.cit., 101-9). 56. Reichwein,op.cit.,84-7. 57. And see infra,p. 376. 58. E. Fourmant, R~flexions,1747,vol.2., 390-457,esp. 391,396,440-1. 59. Van Kley, op.cit.,380-3. 60. Voltaire, Essai sur les moeurs, 1963 (1756)vol.1., 66-71; 205-18,219-26; vol.2,394-9,esp.398-9;785-93,esp.786. (And vol.1.,604-16,803-9;vol.2.,400-1,910-11). (And Reichwein, op.cit.,89-94). 61. Brumfitt, op.cit.,76(79). 62. Voltaire, Fragment sur 1' histoire g~n~rale, 1773; Lettres chinoises,indiennes et tartares, 1776. 401 63. qu. Brumfitt,op.cit.,78. 64. J.Jackson, Chronological Antiquities,1752,vol.1.,xxxvi. 65. Van Kley,op.cit., 369. 66. Du Halde, op.cit.,vol.1., trans. dedication. 67. Anon, Chinese Traveller, 1775, 69-133, 134-84, 185-209, 210-48. 68. Ibid,20,20,31-68,21;21;24;21;21. 69. Ibid,1-13, and v; 68,69; vi. (My underlining) 70. J. Addison, The Spectator,1,1710-11, 1739,225;293. 71. The Gentleman's Magazine, July 1742,354-7,357. (And June 1742, 320-3, Sept.1742, 484-6). (Anonymous, but attributed to Johnson by Boswell, Life of Johnson, 1906 [1791] vol.1.,90). And see Johnson, Variety of human wishes,1749,line 1. 72. Appleton, op.cit.,124-5. 73. Detailed by Appleton, op.cit.,121-39. 74. Reichwein, op.cit.,25-72, 113-26. Appleton, op.cit. H. Honour, Chinoiserie, 1961. 75. Addison, op.cit.,270. 76. Van Kley, op.cit.,372-3,379. (My underlining). 77. F. Fen~lon, Dialogues des morts, 1697,qu.Reichwein, op.cit.,96-8. D. Defoe, Works,vol.3,1840,210-on. D. Defoe, Serious reflections of Robinson Crusoe, 1895(1720)116-17. R. Walter and B. Robins, A voyage round the world, 1974 (1748) 313, 320, 326, 328, 352, 357, 359, 367, 368, 369. C.L.
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