uydpd¾h cS' ví,sõ' bkaødKs wNskkaok Ydia;S%h ix.%yh
ISBN 978-955-4563-72-8
ulaisï f.da¾ls fyj;a fmIafld*a wf,lafiahs ulaisfudúÉ ^1868-1936& f,alLfhla" kdgH rplfhla" mqj;am;a l,dfõÈfhla
fyauka; isßfiak kQ;k NdId wOHhk wxYh' le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h
ulaisï f.da¾ls 1868 ud¾;= ui 16 jeks Èk reishdfõ kSIaks fkdõf.daroa k.rfha§ ulaisï ijf;aúÉ fmIafld*ag iy j¾jdrd jis,sfhõkdg odj Wm; ,nd we;' mshd ulaisï ijf;aúÉ fmIafld*a OQu fk!ld iud.ï ld¾hd, mßmd,lfhl= jQ w;r" uj tu k.rfha u fj<| jHdmdßlfhl=f.a Èh‚hl jQjdh' fmdfydi;a fj<| jHdmdßlfhl= iy kd.ßl mska;dre lïy,l jev uQ,slfhl= jQ f.da¾lsf.a iShd jis,sha lIsßka kSIaks fkdõf.daroa k.r iNdfõ ksfhdð;fhl= f,i iEu Pkaohl§ u f;aÍ m;ajQ wfhls' f.da¾lsg jhi wjqreÿ ;=fka§ muK fld,rd frda.h je<£ we;' tu wjia:dfõ§ Tyqg Wjegka l< mshdg o tu frda.h fnda ù urKhg m;a ù we;' mshdf.a urKhg jrolre l=vd f.da¾ls hehs Tyqf.a uj j¾jdrd jis,sfhõkd is;=jdh' tfia is;+ weh l=vd f.da¾ls yodjvd.ekSug ;u mshdf.a Ndrhg hejqjdh' wkd.; f,alLhd yodjvd.ekSug Tyqf.a iShd iy ckl;dka;rj,g uy;a we,aula ±lajQ wdÉÑ ndrf.k we;' iShd f.da¾lsg jhi wjqreÿ yh ;rï úfha§ ia,dúhdkq m,a,sfha wOHdmkh ,nd§u wdrïN fldg we;' 1877 isg 1879 olajd j¾Ij, f.da¾ls kSIaks fkdõf.daroa k.rfha l=kdúkaiala mdif,a udi lSmhla uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,nd we;' 1879 j¾Ifha§ f.da¾lsf.a uj widOH frda.hlska ñh hEfuka miq mjqf,a yg.;a .egqï iy l,yldÍ ;;a;ajhka ksid iShd Wkau;a;lfhla njg m;aù we;' fïksid f.da¾lsg bf.kSu kj;d oud Ôj;aùug yßyïnlr.kakg isÿúh'
Ôú;h .eg.id.ekSu i|ydu wOHdmkh fjkqjg 1879 isg 1884 olajd ld,h;=, ;ekska ;ekg f.dia ia:dk .kkdjlu fiajh fldg wñysß w;a±lSï rdYshla ,oafoah' jhi wjqreÿ yf;a§ m%:ufhkau ;u uõ md¾Yjfha ×;sfhl= ,`. im;a;= w`M;ajeähd lsÍug mqyqKqjkafkl= f,io miqj flgqïm;alsÍu draftman mqyqKqjkafkl= f,io bka wk;=rej m%;sud mska;drelrkafkl= f,io /lshdjla lrkakg W;aidylr we;' wjidkfha§ fjd,a.d kÈfha Odjkh l< OQu fk!ldjl fiajh l< wrlaleñfhl=f.a w;jeisfhla f,io fiajfhys fhÿ‚' bka bj;aù kej;;a flgqïm;alsÍu draftman mqyqKqùug meñK flá l,lska tho kej; w;yer f.dia m%;sud úl=Kkkafkl= f,io bka miqj ÿïßh Odjkm: wdrlaIlfhl= f,i" fílß lïlrefjl= f,io hkd§ tlsfkl /lshdj, fhfoïka b;d lgql Ôjk w;a±lSïj,ska msß uqvqlal=jl Ôj;a úh' fufia jqjo bf.kSug hula ±klshd.ekSug Tyq ;= 77 uydpd¾h cS' ví,sõ' bkaødKs wNskkaok Ydia;S%h ix.%yh ISBN 978-955-4563-72-8 1884 j¾Ifha§ lidka k.rhg meñfKk f.da¾lsf.a Ôú;hg kj ld, mßÉfþohla Wodfjhs' tys§ wOHdmkh ,eîug úYajúoHd,hlg we;=,;aùug ±rE W;aidyh uqo,a w.ys.lï ksid w;yerek o úma,ùh ryia mdi, Tyqg újD; úh' úma,jldÍ kfrdaoakslajreka iu. iïnkaO;d we;slr.;a f.da¾ls kSIaks fkdõf.daroa m%foaYfha tu woyia jHdma; lrñka isáh§ fmd,sia w;awvx.=jg m;a úh' tjlg úma,ùh woyia .ek idlÉPd l< úYajúoHd, iy mdi,a YsIH ixúOdkj,g iyNd.s ùu iy wod, f;dr;=rej,g ±lajQ Wkkaÿj ksid fmd,Sish iu. .egqïj,g o meg,S we;' fï w;r Ôj;aùu i|yd kS;súfrdaë jevlrñka ;u todfõ,o ißlr.;af;ah' 1887 j¾Ifha§ Ôú;fha wid¾:l;ajh ms ;s*s,sia k.rfha .; l< ld,fha§ ud¾laiajd§ foaYmd,ksl u;jdoh m%pdrh lsÍu i|yd ÿïßh fiajl msßiaj,ska lKavdhula o ixúOdkh lf uydpd¾h cS' ví,sõ' bkaødKs wNskkaok Ydia;S%h ix.%yh ISBN 978-955-4563-72-8 mßj¾;kh lsÍu iy úfõpkh lsÍu wdrïN úh' fï iu.ska weúf,k .skakla fuka úúO idys;H úpdr u;jdo igkla f.da¾lsf.a lD;s wdY%s;j mekke.=‚' 1893¡1895 j¾Ij,§ f.da¾lsf.a l;dka;r rpkd fjd,a.d m%dfoaYSh uqøKj,ska ks;r uqøKh jkakg úh' fï ld,fha§ rpkd l< «Челкаш» Chelkash, «Месть» Mest, «Старуха Изергиль» Old Izergil , «Емельян Пиляй» Emelyan Pilai, «Вывод»Conclusion , «Песня о соколе» The Song of the Falcon l;dka;r j,ska Ôú;j, ms 1898 § f.d¾ls m< l< fj¿ï fol Bg miq rpkdl< rpkd iy l;dka;r o we;=<;a lrñka 1899 § fj¿ï ;=kla jYfhka m 1902 § ïyd;a k.rfha§ «На дне» my; uÜgu iy «Мещане» Smug Citizens, Philistines; kdgH fol fõÈld.; lsÍu isÿúh' fõÈld.; lsÍu fkdis;+úrE fm%alaIl m%;spdr yuqfõ buy;a we.ehSug ,lajQ nj lshefõ' fuu j¾Ifha§ u mj;ajk ,o f,alLhka we.hSfï jevigyklska f.!rj iïudks; idys;HOdßfhl= jYfhka f;dard.ekqK o fojeks ksfld,dhs rcqf.a wK mßÈ tu m%;sm, fjkia flß‚' óg olajk m%;spdrhla f,i fpfld*a iy lr,a,Hkafld hk f,aLlhka ;ukag ,enqKq f.!rj iïudk m%;slafIam lr we;' f.da¾ls úiska 1903 j¾Ifha§ ,shk ,o «Человек» ñksid kï ldjHh «кредо» úYajdih hk uehska kej; kï lf 1905 fikaÜmSg¾ian¾.aj,§ isÿjQ m%:u reishdkq úma,jfha§ iudcjd§ m%cd;ka;%jd§ka iu. ±ä iïnkaO;djla f.dvk.ñka f.da¾ls l%shdldÍ f,i iyNd.s jqjo f,a je.srjQ bßodg fmrÈk ikaOHdfõ§ ;j;a úh;=ka msßila iu. tia' hQ' ú;af; С.Ю. Витте yuqùug f.dia isÿùug hk uyd jHikh je 79 uydpd¾h cS' ví,sõ' bkaødKs wNskkaok Ydia;S%h ix.%yh ISBN 978-955-4563-72-8 wkd.; reishdkq úma,jh /l.ekSug wjYH wdOdr tl;=lr .ekSu i|yd 1906 j¾Ih wdrïNfha§ f.da¾ls wefußld tlai;a ckmohg hhs' f.da¾lsf.a úYajlS¾;shg md;%jQ zwïudZ kjl:dj wefußld tlai;a ckmofha§ 1907 j¾Ifha§ uqøKfhka msgfjhs' tfiau tu j¾Ifhau ,kavkfha§ mej;s reishdkq fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIfha miajeks iuq`Mfõ§ f.da¾lsg ù' B' f,kska y÷kd.ekSug ,eì‚' 1906 isg 1913 olajd jirj, f.da¾lsf.a ks;H jdiia:dkh njg m;ajkafka b;d,sfha lmaß ¥m;hs' tys isg ,shk ,o lD;s w;r(kdgH «Последние» The Last Ones, «Васса Железнова» Vassa Zheleznova, повести «Лето» Stories «Summer», «Городок Окуров» Akurof City, kjl:d «Жизнь Матвея Кожемякина» The Life of Matvei Kozhemyakin. b;d,sfha lmaß ¥mf;a isg f,kska iu. ,smsj,ska ;u foaYmd,ksl woyia ms 1917 úma,jhg miqj f.da¾lsg fowdldrhlg lghq;= lrkakg isÿ úh' tla wf;lska n,hg meñKs kj foaYmd,k ;ka;%hg mlaImd;S f,i l:dlsÍug;a wfklaa w;ska iajlSh m%;sm;a;sh yd u;jdofhysu t,an isáñka wOHhkh l< hq;af;a mka;s igk .ek fkdj ixialD;sh .ek nj;a i,ld ne,Suh' fï wkqj «Всемирная литература» Universal Literature m%ldYk iud.fuys fiajhg ne£ «Новая жизнь» New Life kï mqj;am; wdrïN lf 1920 .Kkaj,§ kj rdcHn,h iu. f.da¾lsf.a mej;s iïnkaO;d l%ufhka krl w;g yefrkakg mgka .;af;ah' ta ksid f.da¾ls m%;sldr .ekSfï wjYH;djla bÈßm;a lrñka kS;Hdkql+, wdldrhg c¾ukshg hEug ;SrKh lrkafka ieneúka u fnda,afIúlajrekaf.ka isÿúh yels wk;=rlska je 1921 isg 1922 olajd ld,iSudj ;=<§ f.da¾ls b;d l%shdYS,S f,i c¾uksfha§ ;u ,sms c¾uka i`.rdj, m< lf 1931 § f.da¾ls fudialõj,g meï‚fhah' fidaúhÜ foaYh mqrd l< ixpdrfha§ fnda,afIúla n,h iïmQ¾Kfhkau ish¨ u foaj,aj,g isÿ l< n,mEfuys m%;sM, ±lSfuka miq flfia fyda kj ixialD;shla f.dvke.Sfï wruqKla Tyq we;slr .;af;ah' Tyqf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka idys;H i`.rd" fmd;a m%ldYk iud.ï" uqøs; fmd;a iy jd¾Isl m%ldYk wdrïN úh' 1934 § uelaisï f.da¾ls iuia; fidaúhÜ f,aLl ix.ufha m%:u iïfï,kfha ixúOdhl f,i;a iNdm;s f,i;a m;aù lghq;= lrkakg mgka .;af;ah' 1934 j¾Ifha uehs udifha§ f.da¾lsf.a mq;a uelaisï >d;khg ,laúh' tla u;hlg wkqj tu >d;kh isÿj we;af;a People's 80 uydpd¾h cS' ví,sõ' bkaødKs wNskkaok Ydia;S%h ix.%yh ISBN 978-955-4563-72-8 Commissariat of Internal Affairs (НКВД) uQ,sl;ajfhka nj lshefõ' f.da¾ls wjika iqiqï fy¨fõ 1936 cQks ui 18jeks Èk f.da¾ls .ïudkfha§h' fudialõj, Tyqf.a foayh N+uodk fldg we;' fnd,afIúlajrekaf.a wjYH;djlg wkqj ji§ulska f.da¾ls iy Tyqf.a mq;d o urKhg m;a jQfha hehs u;hla o m%pdrhg m;aj we;' iudcjdohg keUqre W;alDIag idys;H l,djla w;S;fha ngysr rgj, mej;=Kd' Чернишевски fp¾kSfYõialsf.a Что делать l=ula lrkako kï kjl:dfjys m%;suQ¾;s.; fldg we;s iudcjd§ mrudo¾Yfhys we;af;a Wml,ams; igyka mu‚' wkd.; iudcjdoS iudch úma,ùh woyi;a iu. l%shd;aul jkafka kï iudc m%.ukfha ch.%yKh isÿúh yelafla úma,jhlska fkdj by 1848 meßia úma,jh iy meßia fldñhqkh .ek ,shQ lsújre ;u ks¾udkj, wka;¾.; lfSummerfolk (Vacationers; Дачники, 1904), Children of the Sun (Дети солнца, 1905), Barbarians (Варвары, 1905), Enemies (Враги, 1906) iy wurŒh wïud kï kjl:dfjysh' iudcjd§ h:d¾:h( —idys;Hfha iy l,dfõ jQ iudcjd§ h:d¾:fha idys;Huh úêl%uh f,dalh iy ukqIHhdf.a ifÉ;ksl iudcjd§ ixl,amkdfõ fi!kao¾hd;aul Ndj m%ldYkh fmkajQ w;r" th iudcjd§ iudchla f.dvke.Sug w;a;sjdru oeóh' iudcjdofha l,ams; ;= lïlremdka;sl ks¾udK¡ jevlrk ck;dj .ek lshefjk Tjqkg f;areï.; yels wkaoñka lrk ks¾udK m%%lD;s ks¾udK¡ ñksiqkaf.a tÈfkod Ôú;fhys isoaëka we;=<;a ks¾udK h:d¾:h ksrEms; ks¾udK¡ ksrEmd;aulj hï ye`.Sula bÈßm;a lrk ks¾udK mlaI.%dyS ks¾udK¡ rcfha iy mlaIfha wruqKq idlaId;a lr.ekSug Woõ fok ks¾udK iudcjd§ h:d¾:h .ek f.da¾ls woyia olajd we;af;a fufiah —wfma f,aLlhska h:d¾:jd§j iy ks¾udKd;aulj" by 81 uydpd¾h cS' ví,sõ' bkaødKs wNskkaok Ydia;S%h ix.%yh ISBN 978-955-4563-72-8 muKls Okjdofha udrdka;sl wruqKqj, wd;aud¾:ldñ;ajh o" mSä;mx;s wd{dodhl;ajfha il,úO úYsIag;ajh iy ùr;ajh o oelsh yelafla'ZZ f,aLlhd w;S;h ms 25. "Heartache" (1897) hort Stories 26. "An Adulterous Wife" (1897) 1. "A Woman and Death" (Девушка и 27. "An Incolent Man" (1897) смерть, 1892) 28. "Chums" (Дружки, 1898) 2. "Makar Chudra" (Макар Чудра, 1892) 29. "A Rolling Stone" (1898) 3. "Emelyan Pilai" (Емельян Пилай, 1893) 30. "Cain and Artyom" (Каин и Артём, 1898) 4. "The Siskin That Lied and the Woodpecker 31. "A Reader" (1898) That Loved the Truth" (О чиже, который 32. "Twenty-six Men and a Girl" (Двадцать лгал и о дятле - любителе истины, 1893) шесть и одна, 1899) 5. "Old Arkhip and Lyonka" (Дед Архип и 33. "Waiting for the Ferry" (1899) Лёнька, 1893) 34. "Red" (1899) 6. "My Fellow Traveller" (Мой спутник, 35. "Concerning the Devil" (1899) 1894) 36. "The Hungry Ones" (1899) 7. "The Song of the Falcon" (Песня о 37. "Commonplace People" (1903) Соколе, 1894) 38. "Soldiers" (1905) 8. "Once in Autumn" (Однажды осенью, 39. "Prison" (Тюрьма, 1905) 1895) 40. "Three Days" (1905) 9. "A Mistake" (Ошибка, 1895) 41. "Bukoyomov" (Букоёмов, Карл 10. "Conclusion" (Вывод, 1895) Иванович, 1905) 11. "Old Izergil" (Старуха Изергиль, 1895) 42. "The Story of Filipp Vasilyevich" (Рассказ 12. "Chelkash" (Челкаш, 1895) Филиппа Васильевича, 1905) 13. "The Affair of the Clasps" (Дело с 43. City of the Yellow Devil (Город Жёлтого застёжками, 1896) дьявола, 1906) 14. "On a Raft" (На плотах, 1896) 44. "The Kingdom of Tedium" (1906) 15. "The Khan and His Son" (Хан и его сын, 45. "Mob" (1906) 1896) 46. Tales of Italy (Сказки об Италии, 16. "Malva" (Мальва, 1897) collection; 1911–1913) 17. "Boles" ("Her Lover"; Болесь, 1897) 47. "An Incident From the Life of Makar" 18. "Comrades" (Товарищи, 1897) (1912) 19. "In the Steppe" (В степи, 1897) 48. "In Old Russia" (1913) 20. "The Green Kitten" (1897) 49. "The Master" (1913) 21. "Mischief-Maker" (1897) 50. Through Russia (collection; 1923) 22. "Goltva Fair" (Ярмарка в Голтве, 1897) 51. "First Love" (1923) 23. "Mischievous Lad" (1897) 52. "The Birth of a Man" (1923) 24. "Boredom" (Скуки ради, 1897) 53. "In a Mountain Defile" (1923) 82 uydpd¾h cS' ví,sõ' bkaødKs wNskkaok Ydia;S%h ix.%yh ISBN 978-955-4563-72-8 54. "Kalinin" (1923) 7. Okurov City (Городок Окуров, 1908) 55. "The Deadman" (1923) 8. The Life of Matvei Kozhemyakin (Жизнь 56. "Tale of Unrequited Love" (1923) Матвея Кожемякина, 1910) 57. "Hodgepodge" (1923) 9. The Artamonov Business (1925) 58. "An Evening at Shamov's" (1923) 10. Life of Klim Samgin 59. "An Evening at Panashkin's" (1923) a. The Bystander (1927) 60. "An Evening at Sukmomyatkin's" (1923) b. The Magnet (1928) 61. "Light-Grey and Light-Blue" (1923) c. Other Fires (1930) 62. "A Book" (1923) d. The Specter (1936) 63. "How They Composed a Song" (1923) 64. "Bird's Sin" (1923) Plays (17) 65. "A Silver Ten-Copeck Piece" (1923) 66. "Happiness" (1923) 1. Smug Citizens (Philistines; Мещане, 1901) 67. "A Hero" (1923) 2. The Lower the Deapths (На дне, 1902) 68. "A Clown" (1923) 3. Summerfolk (Vacationers; Дачники, 69. "Onlookers" (1923) 1904) 70. "Timka" (1923) 4. Children of the Sun (Дети солнца, 1905) 71. "A Light-Minded Man" (1923) 5. Barbarians (Варвары, 1905) 72. "Strasti-Mordasti" (1923) 6. Enemies (Враги, 1906) 73. "By Changul River" (1923) 7. The Last Ones «Последние», (1908) 74. "A Jolly Chap" (1923) 8. The Reception (1910) 75. "A Romantic" (1923) 9. Queer People (1910) 76. "A Little Girl" (1923) 10. Vassa Zheleznova«Васса Железнова», 77. "A Fire" (1923) (1910) 78. "A Theft" (1923) 11. The Zykovs (1913) 79. "Bandits" (1923) 12. Counterfeit Money (1913) 80. "Complaints" (1923) 13. The Old Man/The Judge/Starik (1915, 81. "The Hermit" (1925) revised 1922, 1924) 82. "Karamora" (1925) 14. Workaholic Slovotekov (1920) 83. "The Sky-Blue Life" (1925) 15. Somov and Others (1930) 84. "The Story of a Novel" (1925) 16. Yegor Bulychov and Others]/Egor 85. "An Incident" (1925) Bulychev (1932) 86. "A Story About the Unusual" (1925) 17. Dostigayev and Others (1933) 87. "The Rehearsel" (1925) 88. "Murderers" (1925) Poetry (3) Novellas (4) "A Maiden and Death" (Девушка и смерть, 1892 [fairytale in verse]) Konovalov (Коновалов, 1897) "The Song of the Stormy Petrel" (Песня о The Orlovs (Супруги Орловы, 1897) Буревестнике, 1901) Creatures That Once Were Men (Бывшие "A Ballad of Countess Helene de Corsi" люди, 1897) (1923) Varenka Olesova (Варенька Олесова, 1898) Autobiography(4) Novels-(10) My Childhood (Autobiography Part I, 1913–1914) 1. Orphan Paul (Luckless Pavel; Горемыка In the World (Autobiography Part II, 1916) Павел, 1894) My Universities (Autobiography Part III, 2. Foma Gordeyev (Фома Гордеев, 1899) 1923) 3. Three of Them (Трое, 1900) Fragments from My Diary (1923) 4. The Mother (1906) 5. The Life of a Useless Man/The Spy (1907) 6. A Confession (1908) 83 uydpd¾h cS' ví,sõ' bkaødKs wNskkaok Ydia;S%h ix.%yh ISBN 978-955-4563-72-8 Non-fiction (61) 33. "My Greetings" (1927) 34. "To Anonymous and Pseudonymous 1. "Russian Tsar" (1905) Writers" (1927) 2. "Magnificent France" (1905) 35. "Our Achievements" (1928) 3. "My Interviews" (1905) 36. "Culture" (1928) 4. "Fair France" (1905) 37. "To Mechanical Citizens of the Soviet 5. "One of the Kings of the Republic" (1906) Union" (1928) 6. "Pillar of Morality" (1906) 38. "The Red Army" (1928) 7. "The Masters of Life" (1906) 39. "Benefits of Literacy" (1928) 8. "A Priest of Morals" (1906) 40. "Literary Beginners" (1928) 9. "January 9th" (1907) 41. "Literature of the Peoples of the USSR" 10. "Cynicism" (1908) (1928) 11. Self-Taught Writers (1911) 42. On Guard for the Soviet Union (1930) 12. "The Karamazov Spirit" (1913) 43. "Women" (1930) 13. Untimely Thoughts (1918) 44. 14. My Recollections of Tolstoy (1919) 45. "Wise Folk" (1930) 15. "Leonid Andreyev" (1922) 46. "Humanists" (1930) 16. The Times of Korolenko (1923) 47. On Literature (1930) 17. "N. E. Karonin-Petropavlovsky" (1923) 48. "A Hurricane Destroying the Old World" 18. "A. P. Chekhov" (1923) (1931) 19. "Leo Tolstoy" (1923) 49. "Facts of Life" (1931) 20. "M. M. Kotsyubinsky" (1923) 50. "Under the Red Banner" (1931) 21. "N. A. Bugrov" (1924) 51. "To Participants in the Civil War" (1931) 22. About S. A. Tolstaya (1924) 52. Talks on the Craft (1931) 23. Days with Lenin (1924) 53. Literary Technique" (1932) 24. V. Lenin (1925) 54. Socialist Realism (1933) 25. "Sergei Yesenin" 55. "Prose" (1933) 26. "N. F. Annensky" (1924) 56. "On Plays" (1933) 27. "About Garin-Mikhailovsky" (1925) 57. Soviet Literature (1934) 28. "About Cockroaches" (1925) 58. "Proletarian Humanism" (1934) 29. "Notes of a Leader" (1925) 59. A History of Woman (1934) 30. "L. B. Krasin" 60. "Literary Curiosities" (1934) 31. "Ten Years" (1927) 61. Culture and the People (1935) 32. "New and Old" (1927) 62. "The New Man" (1935) 84