uydpd¾h cS' ví,sõ' bkaødKs wNskkaok Ydia;S%h ix.%yh ISBN 978-955-4563-72-8 ulaisï f.da¾ls fyj;a fmIafld*a wf,lafiahs ulaisfudúÉ ^1868-1936& f,alLfhla" kdgH rplfhla" mqj;am;a l,dfõÈfhla fyauka; isßfiak kQ;k NdId wOHhk wxYh' le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h ulaisï f.da¾ls 1868 ud¾;= ui 16 jeks Èk reishdfõ kSIaks fkdõf.daroa k.rfha§ ulaisï ijf;aúÉ fmIafld*ag iy j¾jdrd jis,sfhõkdg odj Wm; ,nd we;' mshd ulaisï ijf;aúÉ fmIafld*a OQu fk!ld iud.ï ld¾hd, mßmd,lfhl= jQ w;r" uj tu k.rfha u fj<| jHdmdßlfhl=f.a Èh‚hl jQjdh' fmdfydi;a fj<| jHdmdßlfhl= iy kd.ßl mska;dre lïy,l jev uQ,slfhl= jQ f.da¾lsf.a iShd jis,sha lIsßka kSIaks fkdõf.daroa k.r iNdfõ ksfhdð;fhl= f,i iEu Pkaohl§ u f;aÍ m;ajQ wfhls' f.da¾lsg jhi wjqreÿ ;=fka§ muK fld,rd frda.h je<£ we;' tu wjia:dfõ§ Tyqg Wjegka l< mshdg o tu frda.h fnda ù urKhg m;a ù we;' mshdf.a urKhg jrolre l=vd f.da¾ls hehs Tyqf.a uj j¾jdrd jis,sfhõkd is;=jdh' tfia is;+ weh l=vd f.da¾ls yodjvd.ekSug ;u mshdf.a Ndrhg hejqjdh' wkd.; f,alLhd yodjvd.ekSug Tyqf.a iShd iy ckl;dka;rj,g uy;a we,aula ±lajQ wdÉÑ ndrf.k we;' iShd f.da¾lsg jhi wjqreÿ yh ;rï úfha§ ia,dúhdkq m,a,sfha wOHdmkh ,nd§u wdrïN fldg we;' 1877 isg 1879 olajd j¾Ij, f.da¾ls kSIaks fkdõf.daroa k.rfha l=kdúkaiala mdif,a udi lSmhla uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,nd we;' 1879 j¾Ifha§ f.da¾lsf.a uj widOH frda.hlska ñh hEfuka miq mjqf,a yg.;a .egqï iy l,yldÍ ;;a;ajhka ksid iShd Wkau;a;lfhla njg m;aù we;' fïksid f.da¾lsg bf.kSu kj;d oud Ôj;aùug yßyïnlr.kakg isÿúh' Ôú;h .eg.id.ekSu i|ydu wOHdmkh fjkqjg 1879 isg 1884 olajd ld,h;=, ;ekska ;ekg f.dia ia:dk .kkdjlu fiajh fldg wñysß w;a±lSï rdYshla ,oafoah' jhi wjqreÿ yf;a§ m%:ufhkau ;u uõ md¾Yjfha ×;sfhl= ,`. im;a;= w`M;ajeähd lsÍug mqyqKqjkafkl= f,io miqj flgqïm;alsÍu draftman mqyqKqjkafkl= f,io bka wk;=rej m%;sud mska;drelrkafkl= f,io /lshdjla lrkakg W;aidylr we;' wjidkfha§ fjd,a.d kÈfha Odjkh l< OQu fk!ldjl fiajh l< wrlaleñfhl=f.a w;jeisfhla f,io fiajfhys fhÿ‚' bka bj;aù kej;;a flgqïm;alsÍu draftman mqyqKqùug meñK flá l,lska tho kej; w;yer f.dia m%;sud úl=Kkkafkl= f,io bka miqj ÿïßh Odjkm: wdrlaIlfhl= f,i" fílß lïlrefjl= f,io hkd§ tlsfkl /lshdj, fhfoïka b;d lgql Ôjk w;a±lSïj,ska msß uqvqlal=jl Ôj;a úh' fufia jqjo bf.kSug hula ±klshd.ekSug Tyq ;=<jq msmdih kï fkdis£ ;snqKs' wrlaleñfhl=f.a w;jeisfhl= f,i fiajh lroa§ t;rï W.f;la fkdjQjo Tyq tl;=lrf.k ;snqKq fkdfhla fmd;m; l=vd f.da¾lsg ,nd § lshùug we;sl< fm<Uùu f.da¾ls wkd.; f,alLfhla njg m;alsÍug uy;a wdf,dalhla jQ nj ;u Ôjk igykaj, i|ykafldg we;' Tyqg wrlaleñhdf.ka lshùug ,enqKq úúO lD;sj,ska f,dal idys;Hh y÷kd.ekSug wjia:djla ,en.;a w;r w;g m;a ish`Mu fmd; m; lshjñka ;ksju iajhx wOHdmkhl ksr; ù we;' fufia l=vd ld,fhau f.da¾lsg *ardkala ufidafkd*a" wef,laiekav¾ vQud" iy mqIalskaf.a lú lshùug wjia:dj ie,iqfkah' fu;rï l=vd ld,fhau mjd f.da¾ls ;u ffoksl f;dr;=re jd¾;d.;lsÍfï mqreoaola we;slrf.k wd .sh ish¨;ekaysu f;dr;=re Èkfmd;l igyka lr;eîuo lr ;snqKq ksid Tyqf.a Ôjk j;f.d; fidhd.ekSu myiq ù we;' 77 uydpd¾h cS' ví,sõ' bkaødKs wNskkaok Ydia;S%h ix.%yh ISBN 978-955-4563-72-8 1884 j¾Ifha§ lidka k.rhg meñfKk f.da¾lsf.a Ôú;hg kj ld, mßÉfþohla Wodfjhs' tys§ wOHdmkh ,eîug úYajúoHd,hlg we;=,;aùug ±rE W;aidyh uqo,a w.ys.lï ksid w;yerek o úma,ùh ryia mdi, Tyqg újD; úh' úma,jldÍ kfrdaoakslajreka iu. iïnkaO;d we;slr.;a f.da¾ls kSIaks fkdõf.daroa m%foaYfha tu woyia jHdma; lrñka isáh§ fmd,sia w;awvx.=jg m;a úh' tjlg úma,ùh woyia .ek idlÉPd l< úYajúoHd, iy mdi,a YsIH ixúOdkj,g iyNd.s ùu iy wod, f;dr;=rej,g ±lajQ Wkkaÿj ksid fmd,Sish iu. .egqïj,g o meg,S we;' fï w;r Ôj;aùu i|yd kS;súfrdaë jevlrñka ;u todfõ,o ißlr.;af;ah' 1887 j¾Ifha§ Ôú;fha wid¾:l;ajh ms<sn| we;sjQ l,lsÍu ksid ishÈú ydkslr.ekSfï W;aidyhla ord we;' bkamiq /lshdjla fidhñka 1888-¡1891 § reishdfõ fjd,a.d iy fodka .x.dY%s; m%foaY" l%sñhdkq w¾Ooaùmh" ol=kq ìirdìh iy l*aldia yryd hqlaf¾khg meñK we;' fïld,fha§ fcda¾ðhdfõ ;s*s,sia k.rfha ÿïßh ud¾. wdY%s; fiajhl fh§ Ôjfkdamdh i,idf.k Tyq ;u m%:u flá l;dj "uld¾ pqÞ" rpkd l< w;r 1892 § —l*aldia˜ kï mqj;a mf;ys m< lrwe;' ;s*s,sia k.rfha .; l< ld,fha§ ud¾laiajd§ foaYmd,ksl u;jdoh m%pdrh lsÍu i|yd ÿïßh fiajl msßiaj,ska lKavdhula o ixúOdkh lf<ah' fuu ld,jljdkqfõ§ f.da¾lsf.a ±kqu iy nqoaêh iS.%fhka uqyql=rd hhs' reishdkq iy úYaj idys;Hh" o¾Ykh iy úma,ùh m%cd;ka;%jd§ u;jdofha odhdoh f.da¾lsg y÷kd.ekSug ,efnhs' fïksid 1890 oYlh jkúg f.da¾ls úYaj ixialD;sfha úúO lafIa;%hka ms<sn| fndfyda weiQ msrE ;eke;af;la njg m;aúh' reishdj mqrd l< uyd ixpdrfhaoS ;u wkd.; rpkdj,g fhdod .;yels ùrpß;j, uQ,dlD;s tla/ia lr.kakg Tyqg yelsWkd' f.da¾lsf.a oakd «дна» The Lower Depths" kdgHfha tk fndfyduhla pß;j,g mokïlrf.k we;af;a tf,i Tyq tla/ia lr.;a f;dr;=re u; neõ lshefõ' f.da¾ls 1889 § rpkd l< fmaiaka ia;drj ÿnd «Песнь старого дуба» ldjHh úfõpkhg ,laù wid¾:l tlla jQ fyhska th úkdY l< o —ish,a,g tfrysjkakhs ud fuf,djg meñ‚fhaa ˜ hk uQ,sl w¾:h /÷kq —m%;slafIamh˜ hk moh Tyqf.a u;lfhka fkduel=fKah' —úfrdaOh˜ hk Ndjd¾:h 1890 oYlfha f.da¾ls w;ska ,shejqKq lD;sj, úksúo hkq olakg ,efnkafka tod iuld,Sk iudc wd¾Ól foaYmd,ksl l%ufhka" ixialD;sfhka Tyqf.a brKug t,a,jQ widOdrKh fy<sorõ lsÍuh' 1890 § lr,a,Hkafld kï f,alLhd f.da¾ls kj f,alLfhl= f,i m%ldYlhkag y÷kajd§ Tyqf.a w;amsgm;a ksfodialr foñka f,alLfhl= f,i iudchg l,t,s neiaiùu isÿ lf<ah' lr,a,Hkafld iy f.da¾ls 1895§ iud¾ialhd mqj;am;g bfh.=§,a ya,ñod «Иегудиил Хламида» kñka Wmydid;aul ;Sre ,smshla «Между прочим» by the by hk YS¾I mdGh hgf;a Èkm;d m< lf<ah' fï m;a;rfh jevl< ld,fhÈ ixialdrljßhl f,i fiajh l< fhlf;ßkd mõf,dõkd fjd,aIskd ye¢k.ekSfuka miqj 1896§ Tjqka fofok újdm;a fjhs' bkamiq f.da¾ls Wmka kSIaks fkdõf.daroa k.rfha «Нижегородский листок» mqj;amf;ys 1896 iy 1897 j¾Ij, È.gu fiajh lrñka isáh§ laIh frda.h je<£fuka miq Nd¾hdj iu. l%sñhdkq w¾Ooaùmhg;a t;ekska m,a;djd m,df;a ulaid;syd k.rhg;a f.dia m%;sldr.ekSu wdrïN lrhs' 1897 j¾Ifha§ f.da¾lsg m<uq ore iïm; f,i mq;= ulaisï mõ,g ìysfjhs' m%;sldr .ekSfuka miq f.da¾ls 1898 § kSIaks fkdõf.daroa Нижний Новгород k.rhg fmr,d meñfKhs' f.da¾lsf.a rpkd fï ld,h jkúg w.kqjr mqj;am;a iy i`.rdj,;a fjd,a.d m%foaYj, iud¾ialhd" kSIH.roaialsha ,Sia;la" fjda,aialsha jHia;aksla hk mqj;am;aj,;a m<jkakg úh' 1898 j¾Ifha§ rpkd iy l;dka;r we;=<;a fj¿ï folla uqøKoajdrfhka msgùu;a iu. f.da¾ls úYaj m%Kduhg m;a f,aLlfhl= njg m;aúh' ta iu. Tyqf.a lD;s hqfrdamSh NdIdj,g 78 uydpd¾h cS' ví,sõ' bkaødKs wNskkaok Ydia;S%h ix.%yh ISBN 978-955-4563-72-8 mßj¾;kh lsÍu iy úfõpkh lsÍu wdrïN úh' fï iu.ska weúf,k .skakla fuka úúO idys;H úpdr u;jdo igkla f.da¾lsf.a lD;s wdY%s;j mekke.=‚' 1893¡1895 j¾Ij,§ f.da¾lsf.a l;dka;r rpkd fjd,a.d m%dfoaYSh uqøKj,ska ks;r uqøKh jkakg úh' fï ld,fha§ rpkd l< «Челкаш» Chelkash, «Месть» Mest, «Старуха Изергиль» Old Izergil , «Емельян Пиляй» Emelyan Pilai, «Вывод»Conclusion , «Песня о соколе» The Song of the Falcon l;dka;r j,ska Ôú;j, ms<sl=, fy,d olsk f,aLlhd Tyqf.a l,ams; iudcfha ñksiqkaf.a iodpdrd;aul iy iudÔh iïnkaO;d ixikaokh lrhs' ;reK f,aLlhskaf.a lD;sj,ska bÈßm;aflfrk idys;Hh ls%hdldÍ fjkakehs w`v.id lshk — lihla˜ iy —ߧ iSkqjla˜ úh hq;= hehs f.da¾ls jrla ;u ,smshl igykalr we;' fï wiudk ld¾hNdr fol 1890 oYlfha f.d¾lsf.a lD;sj,gu wdfõksl kejqï ffY,shla" pß; iy pu;aldr fõYhla" mqoa., ksY%s; úNdjkhl wdrïNhla hk ,laIK my< ùug fya;=ldrl ù we;' f.d¾ls ;u lD;s úúO wkaj¾: kduj,ska m< lsÍu ksid ksYaph lr .ekSfï wmyiq;djg ,lajQ kï 30 lg wdikak m%udKhla ù we;' tajdhska jvd;a m%p,s; tAjd jQfha: «А.П.», «М.Г.», «А-а!», «Один из недоумевающих», wÈka bia kHoWñjdhqYsya «Иегудиил Хламида» bfh.=§,a ya,ñod, «Тарас Опарин» ;rdia Tmdßka и др.