Laser Interferometer Space Antenna What Is LISA?

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Laser Interferometer Space Antenna What Is LISA? Volume 11 number 4 2003 FALL Quarter A FLIGHT PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS DIRECTORATE QUARTERLY PUBLICATION A Newsletter Published for Code 400 Employees INSIDE Laser Interferometer Space Antenna THIS What is LISA? ISSUE: How did the Universe begin? Does time have a beginning and an end? Does What is LISA? Page 1 space have edges? These are the questions we've struggled to answer for cen- Solar Dynamic Observatory Page 1 turies. Science and technology have now reached the point where answers to these questions are finally within our grasp. The Laser Interferometer Space Message From The Director Of Page 2 Antenna (LISA) may supply some of these answers as the mission studies Peer Award Ceremony & Picnic Page 2 the mergers of supermassive black holes, tests Einstein's Theory of General Tintypes Page 3 Relativity, probes the early Universe, and searches for gravitational waves—— its primary objective. Feedback Page 3 As the first dedicated space-based gravitational wave observatory, LISA will Technology Corner Page 6 detect waves generated by binaries within our Galaxy (the Milky Way) and Quotes of the Quarter Page 7 by massive black holes in distant galaxies. LISA will use an advanced system of laser interferometry for directly detecting and measuring them. This OBPR Free-Flyer Page 10 Best of the Best Page 12 (LISA Continued on page 4) The English Language Page 13 Peer Awards Page 14 Living with a Star Program – NASA Honor Awards Page 16 Solar Dynamics Observatory TCP Social News Page 19 Developing an understanding of the Sun took on a renewed sense of ur- Cultural Tidbits Page 19 gency during late October/early November. An unprecedented series of bright solar flares and large coronal mass ejections (CMEs) caused radio Things You Should Know About Page 20 blackouts, disabled 2 Japanese satellites, and knocked out electrical power Obituaries Page 21 to the southern Swedish city of Malmö. Just knowing that the flares and Preparing for WebTADS Page 22 CMEs had occurred prevented the problems on Earth from being more widespread or serious. IFMP Budget Formulation Page 23 (SDO Continued on page 8) A Thanksgiving Poem Page 23 Future Launches Page 24 2003 Fall Quarter Page 2 The Critical Path Message from the Director Of By the time The Critical Path reaches your desk, we will have completed NASA's Safety and Mission Success week with a wealth of activities and conversations built around safety, mission success, and the lessons to us all brought out in the Columbia Accident Investigation Board report. I reiterate here that these topics are not something that are confined to a week, or a month, or even a year. Rather, they are with us for our lifetimes at NASA. And while they are global issues, they are something that we implement on a daily basis, in our local environment. Every day, every one of us must think about and act to achieve safety and mission success. There are three things that I have asked you to do, and reiterate here, to build and reinforce a safety culture at GSFC. The first was to read the CAIB report. I hope by now you have done this. My request to you is that you read it again, especially chapters 7 and 8 where it discusses organizational and cultural findings. Look back at incidents you have witnessed, even if they were successfully resolved without ultimate mission impact. Find the connections to CAIB. If they are something that would be of general interest to the God- dard or NASA population, please submit a case study to http://gsfccasestudies.gsfc.nasa.gov. Second, in light of these findings, look at your own situation and find at least three things that could be changed to improve safety, whether they be processes, activities, issue and risk meetings, contractor interac- tions, or the like. Work with your team and your project or program manager to make these happen. Third, remind yourself every day that you are accountable for safety and mission success, and that you can make it happen. This is true for every individual working on a NASA program. Watch what is going on around you. Act when something does not seem right, or when you can envision improvements. Talk with your colleagues and your team. Make a difference. Dolly Peer Award Ceremony and Picnic September 3 marked the day for Code 400's annual picnic and award ceremony. A full house turned out at the Recreation Center to enjoy a bountiful lunch and to witness the presentation of Peer Awards to Flight Programs and Projects Civil Servants, contractors, and matrixed employees. The Awards Committee, comprised of last years's winners, had to carefully review nearly 100 submittals before deciding upon the winners. Please turn to pages 14 and 15 to see who won awards in the various categories and to read the ac- companying citations. 2003 Fall Quarter Page 3 The Critical Path PERSONALITY TINTYPES Mark Walther Haydee Maldonado GSFC Resident Office at KSC In May 2003, I was appointed the Chief of the • GSFC payload teams, SWIFT and GLAST, have Integrated Financial Management Projects Office, Since 2000, and until very recently, I was the STE- attended Mission Integration Working Group Code 405. Contrary to popular opinion, “IFMP” REO Project Manager. This was the most chal- (MIWG) and Ground Operations Working Group does not stand for I Forgot lenging job I (GOWG) meetings at Kennedy Space Center My Password. The Inte- have ever had. (KSC) and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station grated Financial Manage- Currently, I am (CCAFS). SWIFT payload is scheduled to arrive ment Program represents the study lead for at Hanger AE in March 2004, and launch is NASA’s implementation the ST9 Solar scheduled on a Delta rocket in late April 2004. strategy for establishing a Sail. The Solar • Columbia debris has been transferred to the standard business architec- Sail is a strategic Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) for permanent th ture for the Agency so in technology for storage on the 16 floor of Tower A. Display areas feature the memorial banners, posters, Sun Earth Con- that capacity I serve as the cards and other memorabilia shown in the han- nection (SEC) roadmap missions and GSFC. NASA Business Architect gar during reconstruction efforts. There are no Representative. I have plans to make the debris available for public been with NASA and GSFC since 1981, initially BORN: San Juan, Puerto Rico viewing. Requests for the use of the Columbia as a President Management Intern, and with the debris for research and education will be sent to NASA Headquarters for approval. Flight Programs and Projects Directorate since EDUCATION: In 1986 I received a Bachelor’s May 2002. It took 20+ years, but I finally saw the degree in Electrical Engineering from the Univer- • Due to the Columbia Accident Investigation, the Orbiters have been grounded to comply with the light! sity of Puerto Rico. I completed my Master’s de- recommendations of the Columbia Accident In- gree in Electrical Engineering from the Johns Hop- BORN: West Point, NY, and raised nearby in vestigation Board (CAIB). KSC stands ready to kins University in 1992. the hamlet of Wallkill, Ulster County. meet the challenge ahead by complying with and implementing the Board’s 29 recommendations EDUCATION: BA in Political Science at Cen- LIFE BEFORE CODE 463: I spent a couple of in their 248 page report, including 15 return-to- tral College, Pella, Iowa, and Master’s in Public years in Riverside, California working on radar flight recommendations. The first orbiter to return to flight will be STS-104 (Atlantis) with a Administration from Iowa State University, systems for the Navy, transferred to Goddard in projected launch date to be determined, no Ames. 1988 and have been here ever since (15 years). I earlier than September 2004 (after all of the started my career at Goddard in the old Micro- tasks have been met.) FAMILY: My wife Kim and I reside in Gambrills, wave Technology Branch, Code 730, where I was MD. Kim is a reading tutor and substitute • Atlantis was moved to the Orbiter Processing the Radio Frequency lead engineer for PEGSAT, Facility (OPF) early in March, shortly after the teacher in Anne Arundel County. We have two SAMPEX, FAST, and XTE, among others. Subse- Columbia accident. All 44 Reinforced Carbon- children and both are in college. Emily is a sen- quently, I transferred to STAAC (Code 700) Carbon (RCC) panels and support structure from ior at Salisbury University majoring in nursing. where I supported the Transition Region and Cor- both wings were removed for inspection. Tests We are very excited for Emily as she prepares to onal Explorer (TRACE) mission as instrument were run to determine impact effects using all flight assets in the area in question. All of the enter the workforce in the medical field and systems engineer and instrument manager. After panels, except RCC panel 8, were sent to the proud of her hard work to successfully complete a TRACE was launched in 1998, I began supporting challenging major. Andrew is a freshman at Co- original manufacturing company, Vought in the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory Texas, for non-destructive testing and verifica- lumbia University planning to major in computer (STEREO) Project under the Solar Terrestrial tion of structural integrity. A new RCC panel 8 is science, with various minors, including Ivy Probes (STP) Program Office. I served on STE- being manufactured and will be sent to KSC for League Baseball, Greek Life, and New York City. REO in multiple roles, from instrument manager, installation. The entire orbiter, inside and out, is to systems engineer, and finally project manager being inspected with parts removed and re- IFMP: Working in Code 400 has been a great paired, then reinstalled according to specifica- for the last three years.
Recommended publications
  • Observation and a Numerical Study of Gravity Waves During Tropical Cyclone Ivan (2008)
    Open Access Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 641–658, 2014 Atmospheric www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/641/2014/ doi:10.5194/acp-14-641-2014 Chemistry © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. and Physics Observation and a numerical study of gravity waves during tropical cyclone Ivan (2008) F. Chane Ming1, C. Ibrahim1, C. Barthe1, S. Jolivet2, P. Keckhut3, Y.-A. Liou4, and Y. Kuleshov5,6 1Université de la Réunion, Laboratoire de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones, UMR8105, CNRS-Météo France-Université, La Réunion, France 2Singapore Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 3Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, UMR8190, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Versailles-Saint Quentin, Guyancourt, France 4Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Chung-Li 3200, Taiwan 5National Climate Centre, Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia 6School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, Australia Correspondence to: F. Chane Ming ([email protected]) Received: 3 December 2012 – Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 24 April 2013 Revised: 21 November 2013 – Accepted: 2 December 2013 – Published: 22 January 2014 Abstract. Gravity waves (GWs) with horizontal wavelengths ber 1 vortex Rossby wave is suggested as a source of domi- of 32–2000 km are investigated during tropical cyclone (TC) nant inertia GW with horizontal wavelengths of 400–800 km, Ivan (2008) in the southwest Indian Ocean in the upper tropo- while shorter scale modes (100–200 km) located at northeast sphere (UT) and the lower stratosphere (LS) using observa- and southeast of the TC could be attributed to strong local- tional data sets, radiosonde and GPS radio occultation data, ized convection in spiral bands resulting from wave number 2 ECMWF analyses and simulations of the French numerical vortex Rossby waves.
    [Show full text]
  • Dolly the Sheep – the First Cloned Adult Animal
    DOLLY THE SHEEP – THE FIRST CLONED ADULT ANIMAL NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVING LIVESTOCK From Squidonius via Wikimedia Commons In 1996, University of Edinburgh scientists celebrated the birth of Dolly the Sheep, the first mammal to be cloned using SCNT cloning is the only technology adult somatic cells. The Edinburgh team’s success followed available that enables generation of 99.8% its improvements to the single cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) genetically identical offspring from selected technique used in the cloning process. individuals of adult animals (including sterilized animals). As such, it is being Dolly became a scientific icon recognised worldwide and exploited as an efficient multiplication tool SCNT technology has spread around the world and has been to support specific breeding strategies of used to clone multiple farm animals. farm animals with exceptionally high genetic The cloning of livestock enables growing large quantities of value. the most productive, disease resistant animals, thus providing more food and other animal products. Sir Ian Wilmut (Inaugural Director of MRC Centre for Regeneration and Professor at CMVM, UoE) and colleagues worked on methods to create genetically improved livestock by manipulation of stem cells using nuclear transfer. Their research optimised interactions between the donor nucleus and the recipient cytoplasm at the time of fusion and during the first cell cycle. Nuclear donor cells were held in mitosis before being released and used as they were expected to be passing through G1 phase. CLONING IN COMMERCE, CONSERVATION OF AGRICULTURE AND PRESERVATION ANIMAL BREEDS OF LIVESTOCK DIVERSITY Cloning has been used to conserve several animal breeds in the recent past.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Biotechnology 2008
    guide to biotechnology 2008 research & development health bioethics innovate industrial & environmental food & agriculture biodefense Biotechnology Industry Organization 1201 Maryland Avenue, SW imagine Suite 900 Washington, DC 20024 intellectual property 202.962.9200 (phone) 202.488.6301 (fax) bio.org inform bio.org The Guide to Biotechnology is compiled by the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) Editors Roxanna Guilford-Blake Debbie Strickland Contributors BIO Staff table of Contents Biotechnology: A Collection of Technologies 1 Regenerative Medicine ................................................. 36 What Is Biotechnology? .................................................. 1 Vaccines ....................................................................... 37 Cells and Biological Molecules ........................................ 1 Plant-Made Pharmaceuticals ........................................ 37 Therapeutic Development Overview .............................. 38 Biotechnology Industry Facts 2 Market Capitalization, 1994–2006 .................................. 3 Agricultural Production Applications 41 U.S. Biotech Industry Statistics: 1995–2006 ................... 3 Crop Biotechnology ...................................................... 41 U.S. Public Companies by Region, 2006 ........................ 4 Forest Biotechnology .................................................... 44 Total Financing, 1998–2007 (in billions of U.S. dollars) .... 4 Animal Biotechnology ................................................... 45 Biotech
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Multiscale Vortices in the Development of Hurricane Dolly (2008)
    JANUARY 2011 F A N G A N D Z H A N G 103 Evolution of Multiscale Vortices in the Development of Hurricane Dolly (2008) JUAN FANG Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather (MOE), Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China FUQING ZHANG Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania (Manuscript received 6 April 2010, in final form 6 July 2010) ABSTRACT As a follow-up to a previously published article on the initial development and genesis of Hurricane Dolly (2008), this study further examines the evolution of, and interactions among, multiscale vortices ranging from the system-scale main vortex (L . 150 km) to the intermediate-scale cloud clusters (50 km , L , 150 km) and individual vorticity-rich convective cells (L , 50 km). It is found that there are apparent self-similarities among these vortices at different scales, each of which may undergo several cycles of alternating accumulation and release of convective available potential energy. Enhanced surface fluxes below individual cyclonic vortices at each scale contribute to the sustainment and reinvigoration of moist convection that in turn contributes to the maintenance and upscale growth of these vortices. Spectral analysis of horizontal divergence and relative vorticity further suggests that the cloud-cluster-scale and system-scale vortices are predominantly balanced while the individual convective vortices are largely unbalanced. The vorticity and energy produced by these individual vorticity-rich convective cells first saturate at convective scales that are subsequently transferred to larger scales. The sum of the diabatic heating released from these convective cells may be regarded as a persistent forcing on the quasi-balanced system-scale vortex.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Transgenic Livestock with Reduced Myostatin
    DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSGENIC LIVESTOCK WITH REDUCED MYOSTATIN EXPRESSION USING RNA INTERFERENCE A Dissertation by KIMBERLY JEAN TESSANNE Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2009 Major Subject: Veterinary Physiology DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSGENIC LIVESTOCK WITH REDUCED MYOSTATIN EXPRESSION USING RNA INTERFERENCE A Dissertation by KIMBERLY JEAN TESSANNE Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Mark Westhusin Committee Members, Charles Long Thomas Spencer Nancy Ing Head of Department, Glen Laine December 2009 Major Subject: Veterinary Physiology iii ABSTRACT Development of Transgenic Livestock with Reduced Myostatin Expression Using RNA Interference. (December 2009) Kimberly Jean Tessanne, B.S., The Ohio State University; M.S., University of Wisconsin-Madison Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Mark Westhusin RNA interference (RNAi) is a means of regulating gene expression by targeting mRNA in a sequence-specific manner for degradation or translational inhibition. Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been extensively employed for manipulating gene expression in a wide range of species. The goal for this research was to produce transgenic livestock in which myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth, has been targeted for silencing by RNAi. This would demonstrate the utility of RNAi for reducing gene expression in large animal species. To successfully target the myostatin gene for reduction, siRNAs were designed to target the both the bovine and caprine myostatin mRNA sequence.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rotary Club of Richmond
    TABLE OF CONTENTS RI President Kalyan Banerjee Bio ..................................4 INTERNATIONAL SERVICE RI President Kalyan Banerjee Letter ..............................5 2008 Refilwe Project .....................................................50 Letter from PM Stephen Harper .....................................6 Disaster Relief ...............................................................51 Letter from MP Alice Wong ...........................................7 2007 Joint Wheelchair Project .....................................52 Letter from Premier Christy Clark ..................................8 Aid for Children in Trinidad .........................................52 Letter from MLA Linda Reid ..........................................9 Korle-Bu Neuroscience .................................................53 Letter from Mayor Malcolm Brodie ..............................10 2009 Shoes for Sri Lanka ..............................................53 Letter from District Governor Hans Doge ...................11 The Rotary Foundation.................................................54 Rotary Club President Ken Whitney Bio ......................12 PolioPlus ........................................................................54 About Rotary & Paul P. Harris ......................................13 Paul Harris Fellows ........................................................55 Guiding Principles .........................................................14 Ambulance Projects ......................................................56
    [Show full text]
  • Cloning After Dolly
    Cloning after Dolly Professor Derek Burke 'Cloning' is a loose term used to describe everything from a new super race of identical near- robots (remember 'The Boys from Brazil'?) to propagating your roses. It actually means a twig, so it starts from the horticultural end, but is used much more widely. Dolly was the first cloned mammal and must be the most famous sheep in the world. Two things made her famous: first that she is an artificially induced clone, genetically identical to a previously existing sheep, for Dolly can be thought of as a vertical twin with identical genes, in this case to the parent. Second is the way in which it was done. The scientists took the nucleus from a cell from the udder of an adult sheep and implanted it in an egg cell whose original nucleus had been removed. Very surprisingly, the adult cell DNA was able to give rise to a complete individual, not just more udder cells. This was surprising because, although at the earliest stage of development the DNA is still pluripotent, capable of generating the growth of the whole animal, later in development, specialization sets in, and cells become differentiated into heart cells, liver cells etc. The whole of the genetic material is still there, but most of it is switched off and only the genes relevant to that particular cell are active. It had been thought that this process of differentiation in mammals was irreversible, so that an udder cell could only give rise to more udder cells. But we now know that differentiation can be reversed.
    [Show full text]
  • Cessation of Anadromy in a Long-Lived Fish
    Ecology, 96(7), 2015, pp. 1899–1910 Ó 2015 by the Ecological Society of America Beyond dichotomous life histories in partially migrating populations: cessation of anadromy in a long-lived fish 1,3 2 1 MORGAN H. BOND, JESSICA A. MILLER, AND THOMAS P. QUINN 1School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, Washington 98195 USA 2Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 2030 SE Marine Science Drive, Newport, Oregon 97365 USA Abstract. Across animal taxa, migration allows individuals to exploit habitats and resources that predictably vary seasonally in suitability. Theory predicts that the ‘‘decision’’ to migrate or not is shaped by the relative fitness costs and benefits of exhibiting a given life history. Adoption of a migratory strategy is widely thought to reflect a dichotomous outcome; individuals are either resident or migratory, and continue to exhibit this life history until death. In fishes, anadromy and freshwater residency represents a well-studied life history dichotomy. Resident individuals may adopt a migratory life history later in life, but migratory individuals are not known to abandon this pattern. Here, we investigated the fitness benefits, as measured by body size, of residency and anadromy in a salmonid fish, Dolly Varden, Salvelinus malma, in Alaska, and reveal a novel life history: cessation of migration by older, larger individuals. Otolith microchemical analysis of Dolly Varden showed that while most fish migrated to sea at least once in their lives, lifelong resident fish exist in streams with close proximity to the ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Cloning and Testing
    Genetic Cloning and Testing BACKGROUND Genetic Cloning or years, humans successfully have used myriad genetic techniques—from GLOSSARY Fselective breeding to genetic manipulation—to create plants and animals Chromosome with desirable characteristics. Corn has been genetically engineered to improve Units in the nucleus of a cell, resistance to fungus and viral infections, rot, and drought, and calves have been composed of DNA, that contain genes; normal human somatic cells genetically altered to accelerate the growth process, to cite two examples. contain 46 chromosomes (23 pair). Clone Genetic cloning is a comparatively new process that uses the DNA contained in Duplicate. cells to “clone,” or duplicate, strands of DNA, cells, or organisms to achieve DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid; the material exact copies of the original. These genetic clones are analogous to identical inside the nucleus of a cell that human twins—two genetically identical individuals whose development can be carries genetic information. traced to the division of a single embryo. For some time, scientists have known Embryo The prefetal product of conception that multiple animals could be created in the same way that human twins are from implantation through the 12th created: by dividing a single embryo into multiple embryos shortly after fertiliza- week of development. An embryo conceived through sexual tion. This creates offspring that are genetically identical to each other and have reproduction receives half its genetic received their genetic information from each sexual parent (half from the male, information from each sexual parent—that is, half comes from half from the female). the sperm and half from the egg.
    [Show full text]
  • Cloning a Plasmid
    Dolly, herself http://oracleformsinfo.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/clone.jpg Dolly the sheep, who became famous as the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell, has died. The news was confirmed on Friday by the Roslin Institute, the Scottish research centre which created her. A decision was taken to "euthanize" six-year-old Dolly after a veterinary examination showed that she had a progressive lung disease, the institute said in a statement. Dolly became the first mammal clone when she was born on 5 July 1996. She was revealed to the public the following year. http://martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/roslin_dolly.html What is a clone? A clone is a • Pieces of DNA group of • Plasmids genetically • Bacteria identical … ummm….. • Eukaryotic cells in vivo • Eukaryotic cells Thingies? • Organisms • Other examples? http://media.moddb.com/images/downloads/1/25/24418/Star_wars_the_clone_wars.jpg To DNA (& etc) http://anglelakesc.blogspot.com/2011/10/road-construction-detours.html Cloning a plasmid http://wiki.biomine.skelleftea.se/wiki/images/9/93/Cloning_with_the_help_of_LacZ_.png Do clones occur in nature? • Identical twins • Lymphocytes • An embryo … http://cadencemag.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/twins.gif YOU are a clone of your original fertilized egg! Are cloned cells identical? -- genetically? -- functionally? How? Why? Why not? Dolly & her baby – so Dolly was fertile Fertility is a common measure of whether a genome is really complete http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2764039.stm First Cloned Mouse Dies Of Old Age: Technique Believed More Reliable Than That Used For Dolly The Sheephttp://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/05/10/tech/main193799.shtml • Why clone? • Clone what ? • Humans – Whole? • Financial benefit – Parts? • Convenience • Animals • Uniformity – Agricultural • Personal emotion – Environmental restoration • Medical intervention – Fun – e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • BSCI410-Liu/SP09 Midterm Exam #2/Apr. 14 Your Name
    BSCI410-Liu/SP09 Midterm Exam #2/Apr. 14 Your Name: 1. (28 points total) Scientists are trying to unlock the molecular basis of a mysterious hereditary disease named DEAN SYMDROM (DS). ds mutant mice show a lack of memory and ds/ds mutant mice, when crossed with wild type (+/+) mice, produces progeny that also show memory loss. (a) (4 points) Is the ds mutation recessive or dominant? dominant (b) (4 points) Using molecular markers such as SNPs, scientists have mapped the putative DS gene to a small chromosomal region. This region contains three genes: X, Y, and Z. Design an experiment to test the expression of X, Y, and Z genes. Which tissue do you expect the candidate DS gene to be expressed in? Northern blot, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization to see which gene is expressed in brain tissue (c) (8 points) Through the above experiments, scientists identified gene Y that is expressed in the expected tissue. List two additional experiments that will definitely prove that gene Y is the DS gene. 1) sequence mutant mice DNA and compare with WT. If one detects a mutation in Y in the mutant mice, it would prove it. 2) Transgenic study - Introduce the mutant gene into the WT mouse to see if it causes memory loss (cannot introduce WT into mutant mouse to rescue because the mutation is dominant) I also took other reasonable answers. NOTE: Testing RNA expression will not definitely prove that gene Y is the DS gene. (d) (8 points) After identifying the mouse DS gene, you now have the DNA sequence of the mouse DS gene.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Equality, HIV, and AIDS: Challenges for the Education Sector
    Gender Equality and HIV and AIDS A Challenge for the Education Sector Edited by Sheila Aikman, Elaine Unterhalter and Tania Boler Gender Equality, HIV, and AIDS A Challenge for the Education Sector Oxfam GB Oxfam GB, founded in 1942, is a development, humanitarian, and campaigning agency dedicated to finding lasting solutions to poverty and suffering around the world. Oxfam believes that every human being is entitled to a life of dignity and opportunity, and it works with others worldwide to make this become a reality. From its base in Oxford in the United Kingdom, Oxfam GB publishes and distributes a wide range of resource materials for development and relief workers, researchers and campaigners, schools and colleges, and the general public, as part of its programme of advocacy, education, and communications. Oxfam GB is a member of Oxfam International, a confederation of 13 agencies of diverse cultures and languages, which share a commitment to working for an end to injustice and poverty – both in long-term development work and at times of crisis. For further information about Oxfam’s publishing, and online ordering, visit www.oxfam.org.uk/publications For information about Oxfam’s development, advocacy, and humanitarian relief work around the world, visit www.oxfam.org.uk Gender Equality, HIV, and AIDS A Challenge for the Education Sector Edited by Sheila Aikman, Elaine Unterhalter, and Tania Boler Front cover: Children at play on their way home from school in Kitwe, Zambia. (Annie Bungeroth/Oxfam) The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the publishers. First published by Oxfam GB and ActionAid in 2008 © Oxfam GB 2008 ISBN 978-085598-586-8 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library.
    [Show full text]