Genetic Cloning and Testing
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Welfare Issues with Genetic Engineering and Cloning of Farm Animals
WellBeing International WBI Studies Repository 2006 Welfare Issues with Genetic Engineering and Cloning of Farm Animals The Humane Society of the United States Follow this and additional works at: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/ hsus_reps_impacts_on_animals Part of the Animal Studies Commons, Bioethics and Medical Ethics Commons, and the Other Genetics and Genomics Commons Recommended Citation The Humane Society of the United States, "Welfare Issues with Genetic Engineering and Cloning of Farm Animals" (2006). IMPACTS ON FARM ANIMALS. 21. https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/hsus_reps_impacts_on_animals/21 This material is brought to you for free and open access by WellBeing International. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Farm Animal Welfare • The HSUS 2100 L St., N.W. • Washington, DC 20037 • HSUS.org 202-452-1100 • F: 301-258-3081 • FarmAnimalWelfare.org An HSUS Report: Welfare Issues with Genetic Engineering and Cloning of Farm Animals Abstract Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. These animals suffer from unusually high rates of birth defects, disabili- ties, and premature death. Genetically engineering farm animals for greater bone strength or reduced pain reception, for example, may result in improved well-being, yet the broad use of this technology often causes increased suffering. The limited success of gene insertion techniques can result in genes failing to reach target cells and finishing in cells of unintended organs, and abnormally developed embryos may die in utero, be infertile, or born with development defects, attributable in part to insertional problems. -
Cloning: Adult Vs. Embryonic Cells and Techniques Employed
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Supervised Undergraduate Student Research Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects and Creative Work Spring 5-2001 Cloning: Adult vs. Embryonic Cells and Techniques Employed Rebecca Ruth Frazor University of Tennessee-Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj Recommended Citation Frazor, Rebecca Ruth, "Cloning: Adult vs. Embryonic Cells and Techniques Employed" (2001). Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj/459 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Supervised Undergraduate Student Research and Creative Work at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY HONORS PROGRAM SENIOR PROJECT - APPROVAL Name: Getec eCA f?- f(CAZOr College: AQn eMi:hA rv Department: A1 (met I SCi!A1w -J Faculty Mentor: F. N-S ChV\C ¥: PROJECT TITLE: C10l/1\(}q : Adult \[) ' fmmrVVl l0 C l, (( ~ ~rd the. ~ Qr\L\A<; Icchn \ quc ~ Emplo\( f d I have reviewed this completed senior honors thesis with this student and certify that it is a project commens rate with rs level undergraduate research in this field. Signed: ;. ./-1 Faculty Mentor Date: _-+-'""-+----L-___ Comments (Optional): Cloning: Adult vs. Embryonic Cells and Various Techniques Employed Rebecca R. Frazor Mentor: F. Neal Schrick Senior Honors Project May 2001 Abstract The cloning of amphibians and mainly mammals is discussed focusing on somatic cell usage. Significant progress has been made in recent years and this is outlined with an emphasis on techniques and their differences. -
Observation and a Numerical Study of Gravity Waves During Tropical Cyclone Ivan (2008)
Open Access Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 641–658, 2014 Atmospheric www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/641/2014/ doi:10.5194/acp-14-641-2014 Chemistry © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. and Physics Observation and a numerical study of gravity waves during tropical cyclone Ivan (2008) F. Chane Ming1, C. Ibrahim1, C. Barthe1, S. Jolivet2, P. Keckhut3, Y.-A. Liou4, and Y. Kuleshov5,6 1Université de la Réunion, Laboratoire de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones, UMR8105, CNRS-Météo France-Université, La Réunion, France 2Singapore Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 3Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, UMR8190, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Versailles-Saint Quentin, Guyancourt, France 4Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Chung-Li 3200, Taiwan 5National Climate Centre, Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia 6School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, Australia Correspondence to: F. Chane Ming ([email protected]) Received: 3 December 2012 – Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 24 April 2013 Revised: 21 November 2013 – Accepted: 2 December 2013 – Published: 22 January 2014 Abstract. Gravity waves (GWs) with horizontal wavelengths ber 1 vortex Rossby wave is suggested as a source of domi- of 32–2000 km are investigated during tropical cyclone (TC) nant inertia GW with horizontal wavelengths of 400–800 km, Ivan (2008) in the southwest Indian Ocean in the upper tropo- while shorter scale modes (100–200 km) located at northeast sphere (UT) and the lower stratosphere (LS) using observa- and southeast of the TC could be attributed to strong local- tional data sets, radiosonde and GPS radio occultation data, ized convection in spiral bands resulting from wave number 2 ECMWF analyses and simulations of the French numerical vortex Rossby waves. -
Direct Cloning and Refactoring of a Silent Lipopeptide Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Yields the Antibiotic Taromycin A
Direct cloning and refactoring of a silent lipopeptide biosynthetic gene cluster yields the antibiotic taromycin A Kazuya Yamanakaa,b, Kirk A. Reynoldsa,c, Roland D. Kerstena, Katherine S. Ryana,d, David J. Gonzaleze, Victor Nizete,f, Pieter C. Dorresteina,c,f, and Bradley S. Moorea,f,1 aScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; bYokohama Research Center, JNC Corporation, Yokohama 236-8605, Japan; cDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; dDepartment of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V62 1Z4; and Departments of ePediatrics and fSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 Edited by Jerrold Meinwald, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and approved December 23, 2013 (received for review October 23, 2013) Recent developments in next-generation sequencing technologies genes (9, 10). Synthetic biology approaches also can be used to have brought recognition of microbial genomes as a rich resource refactor orphan gene clusters by optimizing promoters, tran- for novel natural product discovery. However, owing to the scar- scriptional regulation, ribosome-binding sites, and even codon city of efficient procedures to connect genes to molecules, only use (11). Examples of successful regulatory gene manipulation to a small fraction of secondary metabolomes have been investigated elicit the production of new natural products from silent bio- to date. Transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning synthetic gene clusters in WT strains have been reported in takes advantage of the natural in vivo homologous recombination bacteria and fungi (12, 13); however, this approach requires the of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to directly capture large genomic loci. -
Dolly the Sheep – the First Cloned Adult Animal
DOLLY THE SHEEP – THE FIRST CLONED ADULT ANIMAL NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVING LIVESTOCK From Squidonius via Wikimedia Commons In 1996, University of Edinburgh scientists celebrated the birth of Dolly the Sheep, the first mammal to be cloned using SCNT cloning is the only technology adult somatic cells. The Edinburgh team’s success followed available that enables generation of 99.8% its improvements to the single cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) genetically identical offspring from selected technique used in the cloning process. individuals of adult animals (including sterilized animals). As such, it is being Dolly became a scientific icon recognised worldwide and exploited as an efficient multiplication tool SCNT technology has spread around the world and has been to support specific breeding strategies of used to clone multiple farm animals. farm animals with exceptionally high genetic The cloning of livestock enables growing large quantities of value. the most productive, disease resistant animals, thus providing more food and other animal products. Sir Ian Wilmut (Inaugural Director of MRC Centre for Regeneration and Professor at CMVM, UoE) and colleagues worked on methods to create genetically improved livestock by manipulation of stem cells using nuclear transfer. Their research optimised interactions between the donor nucleus and the recipient cytoplasm at the time of fusion and during the first cell cycle. Nuclear donor cells were held in mitosis before being released and used as they were expected to be passing through G1 phase. CLONING IN COMMERCE, CONSERVATION OF AGRICULTURE AND PRESERVATION ANIMAL BREEDS OF LIVESTOCK DIVERSITY Cloning has been used to conserve several animal breeds in the recent past. -
How They Cloned a Sheep
How They Cloned A Sheep How They Cloned A Sheep This text is provided courtesy of the American Museum of Natural History. How they cloned a sheep 1. Scientists took udder cells from Dolly's DNA mother. They let the cells multiply and then they stopped the process when they had divided enough. 2. They took an egg cell from a different sheep and removed the nucleus. 3. They put one udder cell next to the egg cell without a nucleus and joined them using electricity. The egg cell now contained all the udder cell's DNA. 4.The egg cell divided until it developed into an embryo. An embryo is the early stage of an animal before it has been born or hatched. This embryo was placed inside a third sheep. Five months later, this sheep gave birth to Dolly. ReadWorks.org · © 2015 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved. How They Cloned A Sheep - Comprehension Questions Answer Key 1. What did scientists remove from the egg cell of a sheep? A. the nucleus B. the embryo C. DNA D. udder cells 2. This passage describes the sequence of events involved in cloning a sheep. What happened after the scientists took udder cells and an egg cell from different sheep? A. The egg cell was joined to an udder cell using electricity. B. The embryo was placed inside another sheep. C. Scientists took udder cells from Dolly's DNA mother. D. The egg cell divided until it formed an embryo. 3. As part of the process of cloning a sheep, scientists placed the embryo inside a sheep, which eventually gave birth to Dolly. -
Human Cloning: Fact Or Fiction
LRN: 05D1721 745. 6239 - i/3 Human Cloning: Fact or Fiction An Interactive Qualifying Project Report submitted to the Faculty of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor's Degree by Krisha S. Murthy Christopher Tereshko Daniel J. Caloia Amy Borges Date: May 3, 2005 Professor Thomas A. Shannon, Major Advisor 1 Abstract Human Cloning: Fact or Fiction is an evaluation of the portrayal of cloning in the media. Cloning technology has not only made a huge impact in the scientific community, but it has also affected the general community. Cloning is often misrepresented in literature and films, however, giving the public only a partial picture of the different aspects of cloning, such as religion, ethics, and government. Informing them of the facts of cloning technology will form better educated opinions. 2 Section 1 - Introduction In 1997, Dolly was created and cloning became a household word. Before this event, cloning was just a possibility, a fictional thread to weave together tales of science fiction. Once Dolly was born, however, there could be serious talk of cloning and these stories that once seemed like fiction could be considered reality. However, can stories like this really be considered reality? In most fictional books and movies, cloning starts as an amazing scientific breakthrough. However, one or more characters take advantage of the technology and attempt to create, for instance, the perfect army, or a Hitler for the current generation. It could even be as innocent as creating clones to help do a particular tedious task, but even then they get out of hand. -
Cloning of Gene Coding Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Using Puc18 Vector
Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2015, 5(3):52-57 ISSN: 2248 –9215 CODEN (USA): EJEBAU Cloning of gene coding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase using puc18 vector Manoj Kumar Dooda, Akhilesh Kushwaha *, Aquib Hasan and Manish Kushwaha Institute of Transgene Life Sciences, Lucknow (U.P), India _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The term recombinant DNA technology, DNA cloning, molecular cloning, or gene cloning all refers to the same process. Gene cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology and useful in many areas of research and for biomedical applications. It is the production of exact copies (clones) of a particular gene or DNA sequence using genetic engineering techniques. cDNA is synthesized by using template RNA isolated from blood sample (human). GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) is one of the most commonly used housekeeping genes used in comparisons of gene expression data. Amplify the gene (GAPDH) using primer forward and reverse with the sequence of 5’-TGATGACATCAAGAAGGTGGTGAA-3’ and 5’-TCCTTGGAGGCCATGTGGGCCAT- 3’.pUC18 high copy cloning vector for replication in E. coli, suitable for “blue-white screening” technique and cleaved with the help of SmaI restriction enzyme. Modern cloning vectors include selectable markers (most frequently antibiotic resistant marker) that allow only cells in which the vector but necessarily the insert has been transfected to grow. Additionally the cloning vectors may contain color selection markers which provide blue/white screening (i.e. alpha complementation) on X- Gal and IPTG containing medium. Keywords: RNA isolation; TRIzol method; Gene cloning; Blue/white screening; Agarose gel electrophoresis. -
The Bio Revolution: Innovations Transforming and Our Societies, Economies, Lives
The Bio Revolution: Innovations transforming economies, societies, and our lives economies, societies, our and transforming Innovations Revolution: Bio The Executive summary The Bio Revolution Innovations transforming economies, societies, and our lives May 2020 McKinsey Global Institute Since its founding in 1990, the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) has sought to develop a deeper understanding of the evolving global economy. As the business and economics research arm of McKinsey & Company, MGI aims to help leaders in the commercial, public, and social sectors understand trends and forces shaping the global economy. MGI research combines the disciplines of economics and management, employing the analytical tools of economics with the insights of business leaders. Our “micro-to-macro” methodology examines microeconomic industry trends to better understand the broad macroeconomic forces affecting business strategy and public policy. MGI’s in-depth reports have covered more than 20 countries and 30 industries. Current research focuses on six themes: productivity and growth, natural resources, labor markets, the evolution of global financial markets, the economic impact of technology and innovation, and urbanization. Recent reports have assessed the digital economy, the impact of AI and automation on employment, physical climate risk, income inequal ity, the productivity puzzle, the economic benefits of tackling gender inequality, a new era of global competition, Chinese innovation, and digital and financial globalization. MGI is led by three McKinsey & Company senior partners: co-chairs James Manyika and Sven Smit, and director Jonathan Woetzel. Michael Chui, Susan Lund, Anu Madgavkar, Jan Mischke, Sree Ramaswamy, Jaana Remes, Jeongmin Seong, and Tilman Tacke are MGI partners, and Mekala Krishnan is an MGI senior fellow. -
Genome As a Tool of Genetic Engineering: Application in Plant and Plant Derived Medicine
International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT) – Volume 8 Issue 1- Jan - March 2018 Genome as a Tool of Genetic Engineering: Application in Plant and Plant Derived Medicine A.B.M. Sharif Hossain1,2 Musamma M. Uddin2 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hail University, Hail, KSA 2Biotechnology Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia introduce point mutations. Genetically modified Abstract organism (GMO) is considered as an organism that The study was conducted from different is generated through genetic engineering. The first modern research data to review the innovative GMOs were bacteria in 1973, GM mice were generated in 1974 [4]. Insulin-producing bacteria latest technology in the genomics and its were commercialized in 1982 and genetically application in Agriculture, biomedicinae and modified food has been sold since 1994. Glofish, the plant derived medicine. Application of genome first GMO designed as a pet, was first sold in the in genetic engineering and molecular United States December in 2003 [4]. Genetic biotechnology have been exhibited well. engineering biotechnology has been applied in Genetically Modified Organism (GMO), numerous fields including agriculture, industrial Agrobacterium mediated recombination (T- biotechnology, and medicine. Enzymes used in DNA) and genetic engineering using molecular laundry detergent and medicines such as insulin and Biotechnology in plant, medicine and human growth hormone are now manufactured in biomedicine have been highlighted from GM cells, experimental GM cell lines and GM animals such as mice or zebra fish are being used for technology based different research data. research purposes, and genetically modified Moreover, molecular biotechnology in crops have been commercialized [4]. -
Review on Applications of Genetic Engineering and Cloning in Farm Animals
Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 2573-2196 Review Article Dairy and Vet Sci J Volume 4 Issue 1 - October 2017 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Ayalew Negash DOI: 10.19080/JDVS.2017.04.555629 Review on Applications of Genetic Engineering And Cloning in Farm animals Eyachew Ayana1, Gizachew Fentahun2, Ayalew Negash3*, Fentahun Mitku1, Mebrie Zemene3 and Fikre Zeru4 1Candidate of Veterinary medicine, University of Gondar, Ethiopia 2Candidate of Veterinary medicine, Samara University, Ethiopia 3Lecturer at University of Gondar, University of Gondar, Ethiopia 4Samara University, Ethiopia Submission: July 10, 2017; Published: October 02, 2017 *Corresponding author: Ayalew Negash, Lecturer at University of Gondar, College of Veterinary Medicine and science, University of Gondar, P.O. 196, Gondar, Ethiopia, Email: Abstract Genetic engineering involves producing transgenic animal’s models by using different techniques such as exogenous pronuclear DNA highly applicable and crucial technology which involves increasing animal production and productivity, increases animal disease resistance andmicroinjection biomedical in application. zygotes, injection Cloning ofinvolves genetically the production modified embryonicof animals thatstem are cells genetically into blastocysts identical and to theretrovirus donor nucleus.mediated The gene most transfer. commonly It is applied and recent technique is somatic cell nuclear transfer in which the nucleus from body cell is transferred to an egg cell to create an embryo that is virtually identical to the donor nucleus. There are different applications of cloning which includes: rapid multiplication of desired livestock, and post-natal viabilities. Beside to this Food safety, animal welfare, public and social acceptance and religious institutions are the most common animal conservation and research model. -
Review of the Current State of Genetic Testing - a Living Resource
Review of the Current State of Genetic Testing - A Living Resource Prepared by Liza Gershony, DVM, PhD and Anita Oberbauer, PhD of the University of California, Davis Editorial input by Leigh Anne Clark, PhD of Clemson University July, 2020 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 I. The Basics ......................................................................................................................................... 2 II. Modes of Inheritance ....................................................................................................................... 7 a. Mendelian Inheritance and Punnett Squares ................................................................................. 7 b. Non-Mendelian Inheritance ........................................................................................................... 10 III. Genetic Selection and Populations ................................................................................................ 13 IV. Dog Breeds as Populations ............................................................................................................. 15 V. Canine Genetic Tests ...................................................................................................................... 16 a. Direct and Indirect Tests ................................................................................................................ 17 b. Single