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Annual Report 2004 Foreword 5 the Year in Review 7 the Activities Annual Report 2004 Foreword 5 The Year in Review 7 The Activities Science 10 Earth Observation 20 Telecommunications 30 Navigation 34 Launchers 36 Human Spaceflight, Microgravity & Exploration 44 Technical & Quality Management 53 Technology 65 Operations & Infrastructure 70 International Relations 77 Communications 81 Education 91 History Project 94 The Means ESTEC 96 ESOC & the Stations 99 ESRIN 102 EAC 104 The Resources Management Finance 108 Human Resources 115 Procurement 118 Annexes Council & Delegate Bodies 124 Agreements Signed 126 Patents 128 esa Annual Report 2004 3 Foreword An Annual Report for an organisation with as many long- term programmes and projects as ESA will always be a snapshot, and can in no way mirror the entire scope of the Agency’s activities during the year. Looking back over the events of the past year, 2004 was another great year for space science. The success of the Huygens probe and its exploration of the atmosphere and surface of Saturn’s largest moon Titan is a mag- nificent achievement for European science and technology. The Rosetta spacecraft launched on 2 March by an Ariane-5 from Kourou is now well into its 10-year flight to the comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Smart-1, Europe’s first lunar mission arrived in orbit around the Moon after its thirteen-month journey. Mars Express, which has been in polar orbit around Mars since 2003, delivered stunning pictures of the planet’s surface. Europe, the Agency and all of its Member States can be proud of these great achievements. also approved a far-reaching ranging agreement I would also like to highlight the enormous amount of between the Agency and Russia on long-term work that has been put into the Ariane flight recovery cooperation and partnership in the field of launchers, programme during 2004. With the subsequent which sets the stage for a reinforced role for Russia in the successful flight of Ariane-5 ECA on 12 February 2005, we European space programme, and perhaps the joint now know that all of the effort that industry and the development of future launchers. agencies put into the preparation of this critical launch for Europe’s space ambitions has paid off. With this ESA is also looking to reinforce cooperation with the success, a weight has been lifted from the shoulders of new Eastern European members of the European Union. Europe’s space community. In addition, the Agency is about to sign a new space- cooperation agreement with China, which is intended to December’s tsunami in the Indian ocean highlighted the broaden scientific and industrial ties between China and need for setting up a global warning system for this the European countries that are part of ESA. and other kinds of natural disasters, in which data from Earth-observation satellites can make an important Next year will be a special one for the Agency as it will be contribution. celebrating its 30th Anniversary. But there are many challenges ahead. A Council Meeting at Ministerial Level Another important issue for the Agency’s future is its is planned in Berlin on 5-6 December 2005, at which the relationship with the European Union. The ‘Space Ministers responsible for space activities in ESA’s 17 Council’, bringing together representatives from 27 Member States and Canada will be charting the course European Union members and ESA, met in Brussels on for Europe’s space programme for the years ahead. It will 25 November for the first time. This meeting represented be a very important moment not only for the an important political milestone and provided the first development of ESA, but for Europe’s space community opportunity to discuss the definition of an integrated as a whole. European space programme, which should serve as a common framework for ESA and the EU, and on the basis of which future space activities and programmes will be undertaken. Among the many issues that Council had do deal with, one of the most crucial was the approval in December of Per Tegnér the Agency’s budgets for 2005. The December Council Chairman of Council esa Annual Report 2004 Foreword 5 The Year in Review The meeting in December 2004 was equally crucial with the discussion, and submission for Member States’ approval, of the Agency’s budgets for 2005. At that last meeting of the year, Council adopted, almost all unanimously, the proposed Science budget, the General budget, the budgets for the Optional Programmes (52 in all, including that for the new Aurora Exploration Programme), and the budget for the Guiana Space Centre (CSG). Another important at decision at the December Council was its approval of an agreement, again with unanimity, between ESA and Russia on long- term cooperation and partnership in the development and use of launchers. This endorsement, together with a bank loan to Arianespace guaranteed by the French Government, gave the green light for the associated industrial activities, with the first launch of Soyuz from Kourou now foreseen to take place at the end of 2007. As noted by the ESA Council Chairman in his Foreword to this Report, there was also the historic first meeting of the ‘Space Council’ in Brussels on 25 November. As the When I look back on 2004, it was a year that began with first joint meeting of the European Union’s Council and a certain degree of uncertainty in terms of unfinished the ESA Council at Ministerial Level, it brought 28 business from the previous December’s Council, which Ministers together around the table to discuss ‘space’. was reconvened on 4 February to address a number of unresolved issues concerning the Launcher Programme. If the December Council brought to an end a very busy At that meeting, however, the long-term future of year in terms of political decision-making regarding Europe’s guaranteed access to space was put on firm future programmes, it was no less busy or eventful as far ground, with the approval of the Ariane-5 EGAS as the Agency’s on-going programmes were concerned. Programme and the Future Launcher Preparatory It began with the launch of Rosetta by Ariane-5 on 2 Programme. The launching of Soyuz vehicles from March, followed by the flight of André Kuipers to the Kourou was also given the go-ahead at that same International Space Station in April, the arrival of Cassini- meeting. Huygens in orbit around Saturn in June, the launch of the second Double Star satellite in July, and the opening The fact that the December 2003 Council was only of the Columbus Control Centre in Oberpfaffenhofen in completed in February meant that, exceptionally, the October. In November, we put our first satellite into orbit Council met five times in 2004, and there were important around the Moon, SMART-1, which also established a decisions to be taken on every occasion. In March, the new world record in terms of fuel consumption with its Council approved the accession of two new Member electric-propulsion system consuming just 1 litre of States, Greece and Luxembourg, to the ESA Convention, xenon per 2 million kilometres. as well as appointing the new team of Directors who will manage the Agency for the next four years. In June, it The year also saw the entry into force of the Framework unanimously voted to unblock the remaining funds for Agreement between ESA and the European Community, the International Space Station Exploitation Programme. and the Czech Republic became the second ESA It also voted a Resolution providing guidelines for the European Cooperating State after Hungary. important reform of the ESA financial and budgetary system as well as of the industrial procurement process, During the second half of the year, due to the Dutch preparing the ground for the more efficient Presidency of the European Union, ESA’s political profile implementation of ESA programmes. was raised considerably, with many important visitors to esa Annual Report 2004 The Year in Review 7 ESTEC, including the Prime Ministers of Russia and China, and the Ambassadors of many European countries. So it was definitely a very busy year, but I would certainly see it as a very successful one, due in no small part the dedication of the staff and their unstinting efforts, often under very challenging circumstances, on behalf of the organisation.This success is also a testimony to the virtue of the collective international endeavour that is ESA. Our continued success is also founded on an intense and regular dialogue with the Member State Delegations, with our counterparts in the European Union, and with the industrial, scientific and technological communities with whom we work throughout Europe. We look forward to working closely and constructively with all of them again in 2005 and for many years to come. Jean-Jacques Dordain Director General, ESA 8 The Year in Review esa Annual Report 2004 Science The winning image from the In the last two years, ESA’s planetary exploration Programme had fifteen spacecraft operating, SOHO Top Ten Images activities to the Moon, Mars, Titan and Comet more than ever before. Competition Churyumov-Gerasimenko have attracted unprecedented public attention and the Every decade, the Programme gathers the astronomical observatories, Integral and space-science community and maps the mid- Newton, have gone from strength to strength. term path of research. This exercise was done At the same time, because of a very low for the first time in 1984-85, and produced the commercial market, the ESA Science plan Horizon 2000, which changed the way of Programme has kept a larger fraction of doing space research in Europe. The exercise Europe's spacecraft-building capacity working was repeated in 1993-94, and Horizon 2000 Plus than for years.
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