Searchable PDF Format
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Yundong: Mass Movements in Chinese Communist Leadership a Publication of the Center for Chinese Studies University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
Yundong: Mass Movements in Chinese Communist Leadership A publication of the Center for Chinese Studies University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Cover Colophon by Shih-hsiang Chen Although the Center for Chinese Studies is responsible for the selection and acceptance of monographs in this series, respon sibility for the opinions expressed in them and for the accuracy of statements contained in them rests with their authors. @1976 by the Regents of the University of California ISBN 0-912966-15-7 Library of Congress Catalog Number 75-620060 Printed in the United States of America $4.50 Center for Chinese Studies • CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY NUMBER TWELVE YUNDONG: MASS CAMPAIGNS IN CHINESE COMMUNIST LEADERSHIP GORDON BENNETT 4 Contents List of Abbreviations 8 Foreword 9 Preface 11 Piny in Romanization of Familiar Names 14 INTRODUCTION 15 I. ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT 19 Background Factors 19 Immediate Factors 28 Development after 1949 32 II. HOW TO RUN A MOVEMENT: THE GENERAL PATTERN 38 Organizing a Campaign 39 Running a Compaign in a Single Unit 41 Summing Up 44 III. YUNDONG IN ACTION: A TYPOLOGY 46 Implementing Existing Policy 47 Emulating Advanced Experience 49 Introducing and Popularizing a New Policy 55 Correcting Deviations from Important Public Norms 58 Rectifying Leadership Malpractices among Responsible Cadres and Organizations 60 Purging from Office Individuals Whose Political Opposition Is Excessive 63 Effecting Enduring Changes in Individual Attitudes and Social Institutions that Will Contribute to the Growth of a Collective Spirit and Support the Construction of Socialism 66 IV. DEBATES OVER THE CONTINUING VALUE OF YUNDONG 75 Rebutting the Critics: Arguments in Support of Campaign Leadership 80 V. -
The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history. -
LECTURE III: Identifying Bias
LECTURE III: Identifying Bias Kelley Swanberg October 14, 2009 Peking University Paper Format “That” vs. “which” Citations “etc.” American vs. British English • Commas • Footnotes Tense Dating Systems Concerns? Correct: The Kingdom of Wei was the Three Kingdoms- era region that was managed by Cao Cao. Incorrect: The Kingdom of Wei was the Three Kingdoms-era region, which was managed by Cao Cao. Incorrect: The Kingdom of Wei was the Three Kingdoms-era region. Incorrect: One example of such a region was the Kingdom of Wei that was managed by Cao Cao. Correct: One example of such a region was the Kingdom of Wei, which was managed by Cao Cao. Correct: One example of such a region was the Kingdom of Wei. Require footnotes and bibliography Chicago Manual of Style FULL citations required Can say “Ibid., x-y” for serial citations from same source (in footnotes only) Do NOT necessarily follow citation format of sources! Book Footnote: John Hope Franklin, George Washington Williams: A Biography (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985), 54. Bibliography: Franklin, John Hope. George Washington Williams: A Biography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985. Article in a scholarly journal Footnote: Richard Jackson, "Running Down the Up-Escalator: Regional Inequality in Papua New Guinea," Australian Geographer 14 (May 1979): 180. Bibliography: Jackson, Richard. "Running Down the Up-Escalator: Regional Inequality in Papua New Guinea," Australian Geographer 14 (May 1979): 180. Lecture: Footnote: Stacy D’Erasmo, “The Craft and Career of Writing” (lecture, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, April 26, 2000). Bibliography: D’Erasmo, Stacy. “The Craft and Career of Writing.” Lecture, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, April 26, 2000. -
Distribution Agreement
Distribution Agreement In presenting this thesis or dissertation as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Emory University, I hereby grant to Emory University and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive, make accessible, and display my thesis or dissertation in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known, including display on the world wide web. I understand that I may select some access restrictions as part of the online submission of this thesis or dissertation. I retain all ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis or dissertation. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. Signature: _____________________________ ______________ Haipeng Zhou Date “Expressions of the Life that is within Us” Epistolary Practice of American Women in Republican China By Haipeng Zhou Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Institute of the Liberal Arts _________________________________________ [Advisor’s signature] Catherine Ross Nickerson Advisor _________________________________________ [Advisor’s signature] Kimberly Wallace-Sanders Advisor _________________________________________ [Member’s signature] Rong Cai Committee Member Accepted: _________________________________________ Lisa A. Tedesco, Ph.D. Dean of the James T. Laney School of Graduate Studies ___________________ Date “Expressions of the Life that is within Us” Epistolary Practice of American Women in Republican China By Haipeng Zhou M.A., Beijing Foreign Studies -
Han Dynasty Definition by Cristian Violatti Published on 27 May 2013
Han Dynasty Definition by Cristian Violatti published on 27 May 2013 The Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) was one of the longest of China’s major dynasties. In terms of power and prestige, the Han Dynasty in the East rivaled its almost contemporary Roman Empire in the West. With only minor interruptions it lasted a span of over four centuries and was considered a golden age in Chinese history especially in arts, politics and technology. All subsequent Chinese dynasties looked back to the Han period as an inspiring model of a united empire and self-perpetuating government. The Origins of the Han Dynasty In 202 BCE, Emperor Gaozu, whose given name was Liu Bang, became the first Han emperor after defeating the last rebellion against him. He had already been king of Han since 206 BCE (the formal beginning of the Han dynasty). During the previous dynasty, the Qin, Liu Bang had been a minor official. The Qin dynasty (221-206 BCE) was very short and cruel; by the time it collapsed, Liu Bang had raised an army and claimed the vacant throne. He was not the only one in the quest for power, and one of his most important opponents was a general named Xiang Yu (also known as Xiang Ji). We are told that Xiang Yu captured Liu Bang’s father and sent a final warning to Liu Bang, assuring that his father would be boiled alive unless Liu Bang surrendered. Liu Bang’s answer suggests that he did not get along very well with his father: “Send me a cup of the soup”, he replied. -
The Helen Foster Snow Collection in the Brigham Young University Harold B
Journal of East Asian Libraries Volume 2010 Number 150 Article 4 2-1-2010 The Helen Foster Snow Collection in the Brigham Young University Harold B. Lee Library L. Tom Perry Special Collections Gail King Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jeal BYU ScholarsArchive Citation King, Gail (2010) "The Helen Foster Snow Collection in the Brigham Young University Harold B. Lee Library L. Tom Perry Special Collections," Journal of East Asian Libraries: Vol. 2010 : No. 150 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jeal/vol2010/iss150/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of East Asian Libraries by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of East Asian Libraries, No. 150, February 2010 THE HELEN FOSTER SNOW COLLECTION IN THE BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY HAROLD B. LEE LIBRARY L. TOM PERRY SPECIAL COLLECTIONS1 Gail King Brigham Young University Helen Foster Snow (September 21, 1907- January 11, 1997) was born in Cedar City, Utah. She was the oldest child, and her parents moved frequently in the early years of their marriage, first to Chicago, then to Idaho, and then back to Cedar City in 1917, when her father set up a law practice. Helen attended high school in Salt Lake City and after graduation studied for a time at the University of Utah. She then worked as a secretary in Salt Lake City before, drawn by the lure of adventure and distant places, she went to China in 1931. -
The Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BCE–220 CE), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 CE). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BCE – 9 CE) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 CE). The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. The Han dynasty was an age of economic prosperity and saw a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty(c. 1050–256 BCE). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty(618–907 CE). The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BCE and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. -
A History of China 1 a History of China
A History of China 1 A History of China The Project Gutenberg EBook of A History of China, by Wolfram Eberhard This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: A History of China Author: Wolfram Eberhard Release Date: February 28, 2004 [EBook #11367] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF CHINA *** Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Gene Smethers and PG Distributed Proofreaders [Transcriber's Note: The following text contains numerous non-English words containing diacritical marks not contained in the ASCII character set. Characters accented by those marks, and the corresponding text representations are as follows (where x represents the character being accented). All such symbols in this text above the character being accented: breve (u-shaped symbol): [)x] caron (v-shaped symbol): [vx] macron (straight line): [=x] acute (égu) accent: ['x] Additionally, the author has spelled certain words inconsistently. Those have been adjusted to be consistent where possible. Examples of such Chapter I 2 adjustments are as follows: From To Northwestern North-western Southwards Southward Programme Program re-introduced reintroduced practise practice Lotos Lotus Ju-Chên Juchên cooperate co-operate life-time lifetime man-power manpower favor favour etc. In general such changes are made to be consistent with the predominate usage in the text, or if there was not a predominate spelling, to the more modern.] A HISTORY OF CHINA by WOLFRAM EBERHARD CONTENTS INTRODUCTION THE EARLIEST TIMES Chapter I : PREHISTORY 1 Sources for the earliest history 2 The Peking Man 3 The Palaeolithic Age 4 The Neolithic Age 5 The eight principal prehistoric cultures 6 The Yang-shao culture 7 The Lung-shan culture 8 The first petty States in Shansi Chapter II 3 Chapter II : THE SHANG DYNASTY (c. -
Han Dynasty Classicism and the Making of Early Medieval Literati Culture
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 In Pursuit of the Great Peace: Han Dynasty Classicism and the Making of Early Medieval Literati Culture Lu Zhao University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Asian History Commons Recommended Citation Zhao, Lu, "In Pursuit of the Great Peace: Han Dynasty Classicism and the Making of Early Medieval Literati Culture" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 826. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/826 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/826 For more information, please contact [email protected]. In Pursuit of the Great Peace: Han Dynasty Classicism and the Making of Early Medieval Literati Culture Abstract This dissertation is focused on communities of people in the Han dynasty (205 B.C.-A.D. 220) who possessed the knowledge of a corpus of texts: the Five Classics. Previously scholars have understood the popularity of this corpus in the Han society as a result of stiff ideology and imperial propaganda. However, this approach fails to explain why the imperial government considered them effective to convey propaganda in the first place. It does not capture the diverse range of ideas in classicism. This dissertation concentrates on Han classicists and treats them as scholars who constantly competed for attention in intellectual communities and solved problems with innovative solutions that were plausible to their contemporaries. This approach explains the nature of the apocryphal texts, which scholars have previously referred to as shallow and pseudo-scientific. -
The Han Dynasty the Short-Lived Qin Dynasty Was Succeeded by One Of
The Han Dynasty The short-lived Qin Dynasty was succeeded by one of the most important and long-lasting dynasties in all of Chinese history: the Han Dynasty. The Han ruled China from 206 BC–220 AD, roughly the same time as the Roman Empire ruled the entire Mediterranean world, and like the Romans, the Han Dynasty ushered in a period of peace and prosperity during which progress and cultural development took place. The Birth of a New Dynasty The Qin Dynasty did not last four years after the death of its founder, Qin Shi Huang. After the first emperor’s death, intrigue at the court and incompetent leadership gave rise to rebellion, which led to the collapse of the dynasty, followed by more rebellion throughout China. One of the rebels was Liu Bang. A man from a peasant background, he achieved a minor provincial rank and was escorting prisoners to work on the tomb of Qin Shi Huang when some of the prisoners escaped. Knowing that his failure to prevent the escapes meant he would be executed by the merciless Qin rulers, Liu Bang became a fugitive and leader of one of the many bands of rebels fighting the Qin. Through luck and victories over Qin soldiers, Liu Bang eventually acquired control over lands; he defeated the last Qin king in battle, and became king of the old state of Han. Though eighteen separate kingdoms had declared their independence from the Qin, after the fall of the dynasty the states of Han and Chu were the two most powerful, and all the other states formed coalitions around one or the other. -
Helen Foster Snow Prison
ASIAN GOVERNMENTS RESOURCES AND LEGAL SYSTEMS BOOK REVIEWS Still, China is the world leader in journalists and netizens in Helen Foster Snow prison. Goldman’s reliable and illuminating essay clarifies how many Chinese of conscience are not cowed by the repressive Beijing An American Woman in Revolutionary China regime. This wonderful pamphlet is about how these people struggle to advance the cause of “Political Rights in Post-Mao China.” n BY KELLY ANN LONG UNIVERSITY PRESS OF COLORADO, 2006 EDWARD FRIEDMAN, a specialist in Chinese politics who teaches courses on democratization, is a professor in the Department of Political Science at the 237 PAGES, ISBN: 978-0870818479, HARDBACK University of Wisconsin, Madison. Yale University Press has just published a paperback version of his book Revolution, Resistance, and Reform in Village REVIEWED BY DIANA MARSTON WOOD China. New Booklet Series from the AAS or those who entered the Asian Studies field in the Introducing F 1970s, the names Edgar Snow and Helen Snow (Helen wrote under Key Issues in Asian Studies the pseudonym Nym Wales) “loomed large.” These two individu- ublished by the Association for Asian Studies (AAS), Key als, along with Agnes Smedley, Israel Issues in Asian Studies is a new series of booklets designed Epstein, and Rewi Alley, wrote P for use in undergraduate humanities and social science cours- extensively about the Chinese Com- es, as well as by advanced high school students and their teachers. munist Party and became advocates Key Issues booklets are designed to complement Education About for understanding and supporting its Asia, and serve as vital educational materials that are both accessible policies during the late 1930s and and affordable for classroom use. -
Foreigners in Areas of China Under Communist Jurisdiction Before 1949
Foreigners in Areas of China Under Communist Jurisdiction Before 1949 Biographical Notes and a Comprehensive Bibliography of the Yenan Hui by Margaret Stanley with an introduction by Helen Foster Snow edited by Daniel H. Bays Reference Series, Number Three The Center for East Asian Studies The University of Kansas 1987 FOREIGNERS IN AREAS OF CHINA UNDER COMMUNIST JURISDICTION BEFORE 1949 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES AND A COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE YENAN HUI by Margaret Stanley with an introduction by Helen Foster Snow edited by Daniel H. Bays Reference Series, Number Three The Center for East Asian Studies The University of Kansas 1987 Copyright 1987 Margaret Stanley All rights reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction by Helen Foster Snow. II. Foreword III. Foreigners who were in Pao-an, Yenan, or other areas under Communist jurisdiction between 1935 and 1949. A. Before December, 1941. B. After December, 1941. C. Appendix to list. IV. Footnotes to list of names. V. Books written by foreigners who went to Yenan or other areas under Communist jurisdiction before 1949. VI. Selected articles and pamphlets by foreigners in Communist China before 1949. VII. Selected books about foreigners in Communist China before 1949. VIII. Index of personal names. Editor's Introduction This work is both a labor of love by Margaret Stanley and a very practical research guide to a fascinating group of historical characters-- those foreigners who visited or lived in Communist-controlled areas of China before 1949. The nearly two hundred individuals included here were quite diverse, in nationality and motivations alike. Their importance can be seen by the familiarity of many of their names to scholars in the China field, and by their impressive bibliography as a group (Parts V and VI).