On the Genus Thaumatoconcha Kornicker and Sohn (Halocyprida) with Description of Two New Species from Southern Ocean Deep Sea
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Helgol Mar Res (2012) 66:275–294 DOI 10.1007/s10152-011-0269-9 ORIGINAL ARTICLE On the genus Thaumatoconcha Kornicker and Sohn (Halocyprida) with description of two new species from Southern Ocean deep sea Ivana Karanovic • Simone Nunes Branda˜o Received: 27 April 2010 / Revised: 3 July 2011 / Accepted: 27 July 2011 / Published online: 11 August 2011 Ó Springer-Verlag and AWI 2011 Abstract Two new Thaumatoconcha Kornicker and Introduction Sohn, 1976a species, T. dandani n. sp. and T. quasiporosa n. sp., have been described in the present paper. Both Thaumatoconcha Kornicker and Sohn, 1976a (In Kornicker species have been collected during two expeditions to the and Sohn 1976b the name appease as nomen nudum) is the Southern Ocean and are found in the deep sea. The first largest genus of the family Thaumatocyprididae. It contains species is most closely related to T. caraionae Kornicker 10 described recent species and three species left in the and Sohn, 1976a, but it has a very specific appearance of open nomenclature (Kornicker and Sohn 1976a; Kornicker copulatory organ, anterior part being covered in small 1985). It is followed by Danielopolina Kornicker and spines. The second species is most closely related to Sohn, 1976a, which, so far, has 13 species. The family T. porosa Kornicker, 1985, and they differ in the carapace Thaumatocyprididae has three more genera, Thaumatomma shape and morphology, while they have almost identical Kornicker and Sohn, 1976a; Pokornyopsis Kozur, 1974; appearance of the male copulatory organ. A list of Thau- and Thaumatocypris Mu¨ller, 1906. Pokornyopsis and matocyprididae species and a key to the species of Thau- Thaumatomma are fossil genera (from Jurassic and Perm- matoconcha are also presented in this paper. ian), while Thaumatocypris is a bathyal pelagic genus, with two species so far: one living southwest of Sumatra and in Keywords Ostracoda Á Thaumatocyprididae Á Indonesian area from 1,000 to 2,000 m (Kornicker and New species Á Southern Ocean Á Deep sea Sohn 1976a) and the other found in the west coast of Madagascar. Fossil genera inhabited waters not more than 200 m deep (Triebel 1941; Kornicker and Sohn 1976a), and majority of Danielopolina species are found in an- chialine caves and blue holes (Kornicker et al. 2007). Communicated by Peter Funch. Danielopolina carolynae Kornicker and Sohn, 1976a is the only exception, and it is found at the depth of 3,459 m in I. Karanovic South Atlantic (Kornicker and Sohn 1976a). All Thau- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, matoconcha species were mostly collected from bathyal Seoul 133-791, South Korea (2,000–3,000 m) to abyssal (3,000–6,000 m) depths. I. Karanovic (&) Geographical distribution of the recent Thaumatocyp- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, rididae goes from below 40° north to below the Antarctic University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Circle (Fig. 1). Thaumatoconcha is mostly restricted to the Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia e-mail: [email protected] South Atlantic and South Pacific, with exception of T. po- rosa Kornicker, 1985 found in Indian Ocean (Kornicker S. N. Branda˜o 1985) and T. polythrix found in the North Atlantic Ocean Zoologisches Museum und Zoologisches Institute, (Kornicker and Sohn 1976a). Danielopolina and Thau- Universita¨t Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany matocypris, on the other hand, are found in the tropical or e-mail: [email protected] subtropical regions. 123 276 Helgol Mar Res (2012) 66:275–294 Fig. 1 Distribution of the representatives of the family Thaumatocyprididae Morphology of Thaumatoconcha is quite conserva- Bairdiidae (Branda˜o 2008a), Cytherellidae (Branda˜o tive, and very little differences can be found in the 2008b), and Macrocyprididae (Branda˜o 2010). The last anatomy of soft parts between species, with the excep- family is especially diverse in the Southern Ocean, more tion of the male copulatory organ, which is unique for than it was predicted and so far 30 species have been each species. Therefore, taxonomy of Thaumatoconcha reported. is based on male characteristics and partly on the car- apace shape. This is the reason why three species are still in the open nomenclature (Kornicker et al. 2007). In the present study, we describe two new species whose Materials and methods differential diagnosis is based on the male copulatory organ morphology and only partially on the carapace The samples were collected using epibenthic sledge, mesh shape. On the other hand, males of Danielopolina are rare size 500 lm. Specimens were fixed and stored in 96% and described only for a few species. They all have very ethanol. Detailed methods of sampling can be found in similar copulatory organ morphology. The third species Brandt et al. (2004b). Species were dissected with the aid dealtwithinthispaperisThaumatoconcha radiata of Leica MS5 dissecting microscope, and soft parts were Kornicker and Sohn, 1976a. This species has the broadest examined and drown using Leica Wetzlar microscope with distribution of all Thaumatoconcha (Fig. 1). It was a drawing tube attachment. For scanning, electron micro- recorded in different localities from 72°290Sto36°050S graphs microscope LEO 1525 was used, while for micro- and from 27°410Wto61°140W. It has the greatest vari- scope photographs, Zeiss MC200 was used. Drawings have abilityinthelength/heightratioinbothmalesandfemales been prepared with the computer program Adobe Illustra- and also showing variability in the morphology of the tor CS and methods proposed by Coleman (2003). All antennula. Some additional variable morphological char- material is deposited in the Zoologisches Museum, acters are reported here. For an easier discrimination Hamburg (ZMH). Some material from the same sampling between the species of Thaumatoconcha, akeyispro- localities containing Thaumatoconcha Kornicker and Sohn, vided. All the species were collected during two cruises in 1976a species was left undissected and will be used for the Southern Ocean, ANDEEP and EASIZ II. Information further DNA sequencing. on these expeditions could be found in Brandt et al. (2004a) and Brandt et al. (2007a, b). Ostracods collected Systematic part during these cruises have only been partially published, and they concerned Myodocopina family Cypridinidae Order Halocyprida Dana, 1853. (Chavtur et al. 2010) and different Podocopid families: Family Thaumatocyprididae Mu¨ller, 1906. 123 Helgol Mar Res (2012) 66:275–294 277 Fig. 2 Thaumatoconcha radiata Kornicker and Sohn, 1976a: a, d, e female; b, c male: a right valve, external view; b right valve, internal view; c left valve, external view; d left valve, internal view; e frontal part of left valve, internal view Thaumatoconcha Kornicker and Sohn, 1976a. Thaumatoconcha radiata Kornicker and Sohn, 1976a – Kornicker, 1992: Fig. 3g, h. Thaumatoconcha radiata Kornicker and Sohn, 1976a: p. 40, Figs. 3–8; 10b; 11l; 12j; 18d–f; 19–23; 24a–i; 25–34 (Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Material examined 1. EASIZ II, PS48/ANT XV-3, Station 114, 10/02/98, begin Synonymy 74°36.130S27°16.130W, end 74°36.300S27°15.500W, depth 1,574 m: 1$,2# (on slides, ZMH K42204, 42185, Thaumatoconcha radiata n. sp. – Kornicker and Sohn, 42186), 3#,2$ (on SEM stubs, ZMH K42187). 1976a: p. 40, Figs. 3–8; 10b; 11l; 12j; 18d–f; 19–23; 24a–i; 2. ANDEEP II, PS61/ANT XIX-4, Station 121, 23/03/02, 25–34. begin 58°25.550S25°0.220W, end 58°24.630S 123 278 Helgol Mar Res (2012) 66:275–294 C A 3 3 8 50 7 4 6 4 B 5 5 5 6 7 50 50 4 D 100 3 2 F 3 50 50 3 2 2 Lateral bristle E 30 G 1 Fig. 3 Thaumatoconcha radiata Kornicker and Sohn, 1976a: a, d, e, incomplete); d antenna (incomplete); e endopod of antenna showing g female; b, c, f male: a antennula, segments 3–8 (setae incomplete); only two distal segments; f endopod of antenna; g Bellonci Organ. b antennula segments 3–5 (detail); c antennula segments 3–8 (setae Scales in lm 25°0.740W, depth 2,369 m: 1# (on slide, ZMH Description K42188), 1# (on SEM stub, ZMH K42189). 3. ANDEEP III, PS67/ANT XXII-3, Station 141, 15/03/ Female—Left valve: 1.8 mm long, 1.6 mm high (Fig. 2d), 05, begin 63°38.290S50°37.170W, end 63°37.320S right valve: 1.77 mm long, 1.5 mm high (Fig. 2a). Surface 50°38.080W, depth 2,666 m: 1# (on slide, ZMH smooth with 3–4 anteroventral ridges and straight antero- K42190), 1# (on SEM stub, ZMH K42191). ventral margin (Fig. 2a). Valves subround. Greatest height 123 Helgol Mar Res (2012) 66:275–294 279 A D 1 1 2 50 50 ventral bristles 2 3 B lateral bristles 50 C E 100 100 F 50 Fig. 4 Thaumatoconcha radiata Kornicker and Sohn, 1976a: a–e female; f, male: a mandible coxa and part of endopod; b terminal segment of mandible; c basis and endopod of fifth leg; d exopod of fifth leg; e, f seventh leg. Scales in lm lying frontally. Anterodorsal margin broadly convex; pos- bristle, reaching beyond fifth segment. Fifth segment with terior margin evenly rounded; ventral margin curving 2/3 bristles. Sixth segment without bristles. Seventh seg- gently forward. Both upper and lower protuberances con- ment with 2 long ventral bristles and 1 short dorsal bristle ical in shape (Fig. 2e). (twice as long as ventral margin of seventh segment). Antennula (Fig. 3a): Eight-segmented, second segment Terminal segment with 1 short and 2 long bristles. with one long bristle reaching beyond the eighth segment. Second antenna (Fig. 3d, e): Exopod 9-segmented. Dorsal margin of third segment only slightly longer than Joints from 2 to 8 each with one long bristle, joint 9 with dorsal margin of fourth segment.