DOCSLIB.ORG

Myodocopid Mega-Assemblage Proxy for Hypoxic Events by Jean-Georges CASIER

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Myodocopid Mega-Assemblage Proxy for Hypoxic Events by Jean-Georges CASIER bulletin de l'institut royal des sciences naturelles de belgique sciences de la terre, 74-suppl.: 73-80, 2004 bulletin van het koninklijk belgisch instituut voor natuurwetenschappen aardwetenschappen, 74-suppl.: 73-80, 2004 The mode of life of Devonian entomozoacean ostracods and the Myodocopid Mega-Assemblage proxy for hypoxic events by Jean-Georges CASIER Casier, J.-G., 2004 - The mode of life of Devonian entomozoacean Introduction ostracods and the Myodocopid Mega-Assemblage proxy for hypoxic events. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 74 suppl.: 73-80, 2 text-figs., 1 Pl., Bruxelles- Ostracods are ecologically sensitive crustaceans, and Brussel, December 15, 2004 - ISSN 0374-6291. their study provides valuable information about environ- mental changes, particularly in the Palaeozoic. For ex¬ ample, studies of more than 40,000 ostracods across the Frasnian - Famennian (F/F) boundary front several sec¬ Abstract tions worldwide confirms that the upper Devonian event was one of the largest Phanerozoic extinctions for ostra¬ The mode of life of entomozoacean ostracods, which belong to the cods. Approximately 75 percent of all marine ostracod Myodocopida, is controversial. It is generally assumed that they are species went extinct close to the F/F boundary (Lethiers pelagic, more precisely planktonic or nektoplanktonic, and that their & Casier, 1999a; Casier & Lethiers, 2001), as a resuit presence is indicative of deep environments. However, a purely mor- phological study is not sufficiënt to determine their mode of life. Their of sea-level changes (Casier & Devleeschouwer, 1995) relationship with the substrata and other animais, and their response to and a hypoxic event (Casier, 1987a). The survival of major environmental changes must be taken into account. These data several species demonstrates that very shallow marine confirm a swimming mode of life for all the entomozoaceans, and environments and surface waters were not affected suggest that a nektobenthic lifestyle, in poorly oxygenated, but not during necessarily deep, environments is more probable than a planktonic the extinction (Casier, 2003). mode of life. The presence of a Myodocopid Mega-Assemblage proxy Entomozoacean ostracods played an important rôle for hypoxic events, seems more useful that the differentiation of an "Entomozoid ecotype". during the Late Devonian mass extinction. However, their mode of life is controversial. Entomozoaceans are usually Key-words: Ostracods - Entomozoacea - Devonian - Mode of - life regarded as pelagic, more precisely planktonic or nekto¬ Palaeoecology. planktonic. The goal of our paper is to demonstrate that a nektobenthic mode of life in poorly oxygenated environ¬ ments is more probable for this group of ostracods. The Super-family Entomozoacea Pribyl, 1951 belongs Résumé to the Order Myodocopida Sars, 1866. Entomozoaceans are characterized by relatively large carapaces with Les Entomozoacea constituent une super-famille d'ostracodes apparte¬ weakly calcified sub-equal valves (Fig. 1 and Pl. 1, Figs nant à l'ordre des Myodocopida. Ils ont en commun une taille relative¬ some ment grande, des valves égales peu calcifiées, et une ornementation 9, 10, 12-15 show species of entomozoaceans), the souvent comparée à des empreintes digitales. Elle leur confère une presence in some species of an adductorial sulcus (= nu- grande valeur biostratigraphique. La plupart des ostracodologistes chal furrow), and a ribbed ornamentation frequently com- estiment qu'ils étaient pélagiques et plus précisément planctoniques to a ou necto-planctoniques, et que leur abondance dans les sédiments pared fmgerprints (see Olempska, 1992, for detailed témoigne par conséquent d'une grande profondeur de dépôt. Mais study of their shell structure). Entomozoaceans were l'étude morphologique seule ne suffit pas pour déterminer leur mode abundant from the Silurian to the Upper Carboniferous. de vie. Leur relation avec le substrat et avec les autres organismes, ainsi que leur comportement lors des changements environnementaux ma¬ jeurs doivent aussi être pris en considération. Ils montrent que les Entomozoacea étaient plutôt necto-benthiques et opportunistes dans Previous statements concerning the mode of life of des milieux pauvres en oxygène dissous, mais pas nécessairement entomozoaceans profonds. Un Mega-Assemblage à Myodocopida caractérisé par la présence d'Entomozoacea et (ou) de Cypridinacea (- Assemblage V de Casier et al., 1985; Casier, 2003) peut servir d'indicateur pour les Matern (1929) considered the majority of entomozoa¬ événements hypoxiques dans le Dévonien. ceans to be active swimmers. Kummerow (1939) and Rabien Mots-clefs: Ostracodes - Entomozoacea - Dévonien - Mode de vie - (1954) compared entomozoaceans to modem Paléoécologie. Halocypridacea and surmised a nektonic or planktonic 74 Jean-Georges CASIER (1987a,b, 1988c) arrived to the conclusion that entomo¬ zoaceans were probably nektobcnthic, and adapted to survive in poorly oxygenated, but not necessary deep, environments. However this statement was not supported by Groos-Uffenorde & Schindler (1990), for whom a nektobenthic mode of life for entomozoaceans cannot be assumed because they have not been affected during global events, particularly the Upper Kellwasser Event in the Late Devonian. Their abundance in the Upper Kellwasser Horizon, which according to Groos-Uffe- norde & Schindler (1990) lacks benthos, and their rapid évolution are supplementary arguments against a nekto¬ benthic lifestyle. Conversely, and also in the Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Ostracoda, Wilkinson & Riley (1990) arrived at the conclusion that entomozoaceans present in five marine horizons in the Namurian of Northern England were nektobenthic com¬ Fig. 1 — Richterina (Volkina) zimmermanni (Volk, 1939). ponent of the dysaerobic community. The fauna asso- An example of streamlined entomozoacean in laté¬ ciated with the Namurian entomozoacean in northern ral, dorsal and anterior view. Matagne Formation. England represents low diversity high-abundance assem¬ Boussu-en-Fagne, Belgium. Collection IRScNB blages typical of a late Palaeozoic dysaerobic environ¬ n° a 1211. x50. ment, and conclusively Wilkinson & Riley {Ibid.) con¬ sidered the entomozoacean an intégral opportunistic va- grant nektobenthic component of the dysaerobic assem¬ blage, colonizing during brief spells when the oxygen life habit for this group. On the contrary. the discovery of level was suitably high. thick shelled silicified carapaces of entomozoaceans led Furthermore in the Proceedings of the same sympo¬ Blumenstengel (1965, 1973) to suggest that they were sium, Becker & Bless (1990) considered Casier heavily calcified and consequently that they were benthic (1987a,b)'s argument that entomozoaceans may have a organisms. Becker (1971) discovered a highly calcified nektobenthic, nearshore lifestyle to be inconclusive. They carapace of entomozoacean in the Belgian Frasnian, and did not observe mixed Eifelian and entomozoacean as¬ also concluded that sonre entomozoaceans displayed a semblages, and consider this to be evidence that the benthic mode of life. Kozur (1972) arrived to the con¬ entomozoaceans did not live in near-shore environments. clusion that they were benthic psychrosphaeric ostracods. Finally, Olempska ( 1992) suggested that the extremely Referring to Triebel (1941), Gründel, (1962, 1965) fragile thin ornamentation over the whole carapace of and Becker (1976), Gooday (1983) summarised the entomozoaceans is apparently inconsistent with a benthic morphological evidence for a planktonic life habit for mode of life, and that the extremely high Ranges may be entomozoaceans: 1. the presence of a thin, weakly calci¬ an adaptation to a planktonic life habit. However, for fied, often streamlined carapace; 2. a convex ventral several species with rather heavily calcified shells and margin, and 3. the tendency of the carapace to be rounded relatively short flanges, Olempska (1992) suggested that with a high surface-volume ratio. In addition, Gooday an epiplanktonic as well as a planktobenthic life habit is {Ibid.) suggested that the presence of flange-like ribs of conceivable. It is herein suggested that the presence of some species may increase the surface area of the shell longitudinal canals in the carapace of some entomozoa¬ and retard its sinking velocity, and that their worldwide ceans may have assisted in the exchange of respiratory distribution, together with their abundance in facies gases and such a function could have been important for which are often virtually devoid of other fossils, are entomozoaceans in stagnant and possibly dysaerobic supplementary arguments for a planktonic existence. waters. Flowever, Gooday (Ibid) noted that the carapace mor- phology of entomozoaceans provides no clear evidence for either a planktonic or benthic existence, and he con¬ No argument relevant for a benthic mode of life for cluded that both these life habits nray have been repre- the entomozoaceans sented within the group. He compared some species of entomozoaceans with modem species belonging to the No particular evidence points conclusively to a genuine Thaumatocyprididae and considered that there is no con- benthic mode of life for the entomozoaceans. Generally, vincing morphological basis for rejecting the hypothesis the principal argument for a benthic life habit is the that at least some entomozoaceans were benthic or nek- presence ofwell calcified and silicified carapaces
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anchialine Cave Biology in the Era of Speleogenomics Jorge L
    International Journal of Speleology 45 (2) 149-170 Tampa, FL (USA) May 2016 Available online at scholarcommons.usf.edu/ijs International Journal of Speleology Off icial Journal of Union Internationale de Spéléologie Life in the Underworld: Anchialine cave biology in the era of speleogenomics Jorge L. Pérez-Moreno1*, Thomas M. Iliffe2, and Heather D. Bracken-Grissom1 1Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami FL 33181, USA 2Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA Abstract: Anchialine caves contain haline bodies of water with underground connections to the ocean and limited exposure to open air. Despite being found on islands and peninsular coastlines around the world, the isolation of anchialine systems has facilitated the evolution of high levels of endemism among their inhabitants. The unique characteristics of anchialine caves and of their predominantly crustacean biodiversity nominate them as particularly interesting study subjects for evolutionary biology. However, there is presently a distinct scarcity of modern molecular methods being employed in the study of anchialine cave ecosystems. The use of current and emerging molecular techniques, e.g., next-generation sequencing (NGS), bestows an exceptional opportunity to answer a variety of long-standing questions pertaining to the realms of speciation, biogeography, population genetics, and evolution, as well as the emergence of extraordinary morphological and physiological adaptations to these unique environments. The integration of NGS methodologies with traditional taxonomic and ecological methods will help elucidate the unique characteristics and evolutionary history of anchialine cave fauna, and thus the significance of their conservation in face of current and future anthropogenic threats.
    [Show full text]
  • From an Anchialine Lava Tube in Lanzarote, Canary Islands
    Ostracoda (Halocypridina, Cladocopina) from an Anchialine Lava Tube in Lanzarote, Canary Islands LOUIS S. KORN1CKER and THOMAS M. ILIFFE SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 568 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review.
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions in BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY
    MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions In BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 51 November 29, 1982 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Families J. John Sepkoski, Jr. MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions in BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 51 November 29, 1982 A COMPENDIUM OF FOSSIL MARINE FAMILIES J. JOHN SEPKOSKI, JR. Department of the Geophysical Sciences University of Chicago REVIEWERS FOR THIS PUBLICATION: Robert Gernant, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee David M. Raup, Field Museum of Natural History Frederick R. Schram, San Diego Natural History Museum Peter M. Sheehan, Milwaukee Public Museum ISBN 0-893260-081-9 Milwaukee Public Museum Press Published by the Order of the Board of Trustees CONTENTS Abstract ---- ---------- -- - ----------------------- 2 Introduction -- --- -- ------ - - - ------- - ----------- - - - 2 Compendium ----------------------------- -- ------ 6 Protozoa ----- - ------- - - - -- -- - -------- - ------ - 6 Porifera------------- --- ---------------------- 9 Archaeocyatha -- - ------ - ------ - - -- ---------- - - - - 14 Coelenterata -- - -- --- -- - - -- - - - - -- - -- - -- - - -- -- - -- 17 Platyhelminthes - - -- - - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- -- --- - - - - - - 24 Rhynchocoela - ---- - - - - ---- --- ---- - - ----------- - 24 Priapulida ------ ---- - - - - -- - - -- - ------ - -- ------ 24 Nematoda - -- - --- --- -- - -- --- - -- --- ---- -- - - -- -- 24 Mollusca ------------- --- --------------- ------ 24 Sipunculida ---------- --- ------------ ---- -- --- - 46 Echiurida ------ - --- - - - - - --- --- - -- --- - -- - - ---
    [Show full text]
  • Sepkoski, J.J. 1992. Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Families
    MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions . In BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 83 March 1,1992 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Families 2nd edition J. John Sepkoski, Jr. MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions . In BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 83 March 1,1992 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Families 2nd edition J. John Sepkoski, Jr. Department of the Geophysical Sciences University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois 60637 Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology Rodney Watkins, Editor (Reviewer for this paper was P.M. Sheehan) This publication is priced at $25.00 and may be obtained by writing to the Museum Gift Shop, Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 West Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233. Orders must also include $3.00 for shipping and handling ($4.00 for foreign destinations) and must be accompanied by money order or check drawn on U.S. bank. Money orders or checks should be made payable to the Milwaukee Public Museum. Wisconsin residents please add 5% sales tax. In addition, a diskette in ASCII format (DOS) containing the data in this publication is priced at $25.00. Diskettes should be ordered from the Geology Section, Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 West Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233. Specify 3Y. inch or 5Y. inch diskette size when ordering. Checks or money orders for diskettes should be made payable to "GeologySection, Milwaukee Public Museum," and fees for shipping and handling included as stated above. Profits support the research effort of the GeologySection. ISBN 0-89326-168-8 ©1992Milwaukee Public Museum Sponsored by Milwaukee County Contents Abstract ....... 1 Introduction.. ... 2 Stratigraphic codes. 8 The Compendium 14 Actinopoda.
    [Show full text]
  • Secretion of Embryonic Envelopes and Embryonic Molting Cycles In
    Homology of Holocene ostracode biramous appendages with those of other crustaceans: the protopod, epipod, exopod and endopod ANNE C. COHEN, JOEL W. MARTIN AND LOUIS S. KORNICKER Cohen, A.C., Martin, J.W. & Kornicker, L.S. 1998 09 15: Homology of Holocene ostracode LETHAIA biramous appendages with those of other crustaceans: the protopod, epipod, exopod and endopod. Lethaia, Vol. 31, pp. 251-265. Oslo. ISSN 0024-1164. Unambiguously biramous appendages with a proximal precoxa, well-defined coxa and basis, setose plate-like epipod originating on the precoxa, and both an endopod and exopod attached to the terminal end of the basis are described from several living Ostracoda of the order Halo- cyprida (Myodocopa). These limbs are proposed as the best choice for comparison of ostracode limbs with those of other crustaceans and fossil arthropods with preserved limbs, such as the Cambrian superficially ostracode-like Kunmingella and Hesslandona. The 2nd maxilla of Metapolycope (Cladocopina) and 1st trunk limb oi Spelaeoecia, Deeveya and Thaumatoconcha (all Halocypridina) are illustrated, and clear homologies are shown between the parts of these limbs and those of some general crustacean models as well as some of the remarkable crusta­ cean 5.5. Orsten fossils. No living ostracodes exhibit only primitive morphology; all have at least some (usually many) derived characters. Few have the probably primitive attribute of trunk segmentation (two genera of halocyprid Myodocopa, one order plus one genus of Podocopa, and the problematic Manawa); unambiguously biramous limbs are limited to a few halo- cyprids. Homologies between podocopid limbs and those of the illustrated primitive myodo- copid limbs are tentatively suggested.
    [Show full text]
  • Anchialine Cave Biology in the Era of Speleogenomics Jorge L
    International Journal of Speleology 45 (2) 149-170 Tampa, FL (USA) May 2016 Available online at scholarcommons.usf.edu/ijs International Journal of Speleology Off icial Journal of Union Internationale de Spéléologie Life in the Underworld: Anchialine cave biology in the era of speleogenomics Jorge L. Pérez-Moreno1*, Thomas M. Iliffe2, and Heather D. Bracken-Grissom1 1Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami FL 33181, USA 2Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA Abstract: Anchialine caves contain haline bodies of water with underground connections to the ocean and limited exposure to open air. Despite being found on islands and peninsular coastlines around the world, the isolation of anchialine systems has facilitated the evolution of high levels of endemism among their inhabitants. The unique characteristics of anchialine caves and of their predominantly crustacean biodiversity nominate them as particularly interesting study subjects for evolutionary biology. However, there is presently a distinct scarcity of modern molecular methods being employed in the study of anchialine cave ecosystems. The use of current and emerging molecular techniques, e.g., next-generation sequencing (NGS), bestows an exceptional opportunity to answer a variety of long-standing questions pertaining to the realms of speciation, biogeography, population genetics, and evolution, as well as the emergence of extraordinary morphological and physiological adaptations to these unique environments. The integration of NGS methodologies with traditional taxonomic and ecological methods will help elucidate the unique characteristics and evolutionary history of anchialine cave fauna, and thus the significance of their conservation in face of current and future anthropogenic threats.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny, Ontogeny, and Morphology of Living and Fossil Thaumatocypridacea (Myodocopa: Ostracoda)
    Phylogeny, Ontogeny, and Morphology of Living and Fossil Thaumatocypridacea (Myodocopa: Ostracoda) LOUIS S. Kt)RNICKER and I. G. SOHN SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 219 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. These pub- lications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, and other interested institutions and specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smithsonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available.
    [Show full text]
  • Jan H. Stock Memorial Issue SOME of the DEEP-SEA FAUNA IS
    Jan H. Stock Memorial Issue SOME OF THE DEEP-SEA FAUNA IS ANCIENT BY GEORGE D. F. WILSON Centre for Evolutionary Research, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia ABSTRACT Decreasing deep-sea floor temperatures during the mid Cainozoic, and a presumed widespread disoxia in the deep sea prior to this era has lead many authors to suggest that the deep-sea fauna has accumulated during the last 30-40 mybp only. This hypothesis argues for extinction and replace­ ment of earlier faunas. Some taxa, such as the Ostracoda, show extensive taxonomic replacement during the Miocene that is correlated with declining sea floor temperatures. A recent evaluation of the deep Atlantic distribution of major isopod clades, however, demonstrated that two different historical patterns are present. One pattern ("Flabellifera") conforms to a relatively recent Caino­ zoic and ongoing colonization of the deep sea, with relative impoverishment of species with depth. The other pattern (Asellota) is one that is rich in deep-sea species, and has a high level of endemic morphological diversity, suggesting a long period of evolution in isolation. Glaciation during the late Palaeozoic and an early phylogenetic origination of the Asellota support the hypothesis that these isopods colonized the deep sea prior to the disoxia events during the Mesozoic and the early Cainozoic. The Mesozoic deep sea is unlikely to have become completely anoxic globally owing to vertical halothermal circulation at low latitudes, allowing the possibility of oxygenated refuges in deep water. Elements of the Palaeozoic fauna, therefore, may have persisted through the Mesozoic without representation in marine shallow waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Marine Biology Texas a & M Univer
    Thomas M. Iliffe Page 1 CURRICULUM VITAE of THOMAS MITCHELL ILIFFE ADDRESS: Department of Marine Biology Texas A & M University at Galveston Galveston, TX 77553-1675 Office Phone: (409) 740-4454 E-mail: [email protected] Web page: www.cavebiology.com QUALIFICATIONS: Broad background in evolutionary and marine biology, oceanography, ecology, conservation, invertebrate taxonomy, biochemistry, marine pollution studies and diving research. Eleven years full-time research experience in the marine sciences as a Research Associate at the Bermuda Biological Station. Independently developed investigations on the biodiversity, origins, evolution and biogeography of animals inhabiting marine caves. This habitat, accessible only through use of specialized cave diving technology, rivals that of the deep-sea thermal vents for numbers of new taxa and scientific importance. Led research expeditions for studies of the biology of marine and freshwater caves to the Bahamas, Belize, Mexico, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Canary Islands, Iceland, Mallorca, Italy, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Galapagos, Hawaii, Guam, Palau, Tahiti, Cook Islands, Niue, Tonga, Western Samoa, Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, New Zealand, Australia, Philippines, China, Thailand and Christmas Island; in addition to 9 years of studies on Bermuda's marine caves. Discovered 3 new orders (of Peracarida and Copepoda), 8 new families (of Isopoda, Ostracoda, Caridea, Remipedia and Calanoida), 55 new genera (of Caridea, Brachyura, Ostracoda, Remipedia, Amphipoda, Isopoda, Mysidacea, Tanaidacea, Thermosbaenacea, Leptostraca, Calanoida, Misophrioida and Polychaeta) and 168 new species of marine and freshwater cave-dwelling invertebrates. Published 243 scientific papers, most of which concern marine cave studies. First author on papers in Science and Nature, in addition to 10 invited book chapters on the anchialine cave fauna of the Bahamas, Bermuda, Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, Galapagos, Tonga, Niue and Western Samoa.
    [Show full text]
  • The Darkness Syndrome in Subsurface-Shallow and Deep-Sea Dwelling Ostracoda (Crustacea)
    Uiblein, F., Ott, J.,©Akademie Stachowitsch, d. Wissenschaften M. (Eds): Wien; downloadDeep-sea unter and www.biologiezentrum.at extreme shallow-water habitats: affinities and adaptations. - Biosystematics and Ecology Series 11:123-143. The darkness syndrome in subsurface-shallow and deep-sea dwelling Ostracoda (Crustacea) D. L. DANIELOPOL, A. BALTANÄS & G. BONADUCE Abstract: Animals that permanently live either within subsurface habitats in shallow marine environments of Consolidated and/or loosely packed sediments or on the bottom of the deep sea commonly display a complex of morphological and biological traits that is here termed the darkness syndrome. Classic examples are regressed ocular structures and body pigments, combined with the compensatory development of extra-optic sensorial traits. It is largely accepted that animals which adapt to the aphotic subsurface and deep-sea habitats become prisoners of their constraining environment. The Austrian zoologist Th. FUCHS, using examples from the Atlantic Ocean, was the first (1894) to propose a deep-sea origin for the shallow marine cave fauna. Modem biological literature offers additional arguments for this hypothesis. Here, evidence is presented for an alternative and/or additional scenario: shelf-dwelling animals, which are not strongly specialized for life in the photic environment, easily colonize deep-sea and/or shallow subsurface habitats. Examples from two major groups of ostracods, Podocopida and Halocyprida, are used in support of this latter evolutionary model. Introduction The high biological richness of our planet Earth is partly due to photosyn­ thesizing organisms, which efficiently capture and use solar energy. Much of the scientific effort in the past was dedicated to describing diversity of life, which evolved at the surface of the planet in well-illuminated habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of the Genus Vetulina Schmidt, 1879
    Mar Biodiv DOI 10.1007/s12526-017-0658-7 ORIGINAL PAPER First record of the genus Vetulina Schmidt, 1879 (Porifera: Demospongiae: Sphaerocladina) from the Indian Ocean with the description of two new species: biogeographic and evolutionary significance Andrzej Pisera1 & Magdalena Łukowiak1 & Jane Fromont2 & Astrid Schuster3 Received: 24 August 2016 /Revised: 23 October 2016 /Accepted: 10 February 2017 # The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Two new species of the genus Vetulina Schmidt, 1879 Keywords Lithistids . Vetulinidae . Vetulina indica sp. nov . (Demospongiae, Vetulinidae, Sphaerocladina) were found off the Vetulina rugosa sp. nov . Tethys Sea coast of Western Australia (Indian Ocean). This genus is charac- terized by acrepid polyaxial desmas (sphaeroclones) equipped with arborescent branched outgrowths with spine-like processes Introduction and isometric styles as microscleres. Vetulina indica sp. nov. is an irregular, laterally folded ear-shaped cup with smooth surfaces, Lithistid sponges are known from almost all temperate and and V. rugosa sp. nov. is similar in shape but with a distinctive tropical oceans but are generally restricted to deeper water of ribbed inner surface. Both species are very similar in spicule greater than 80 m depth (Kelly 2007). The best-described composition, but are distinguished by their gross morphology lithistid faunas occur in the tropical western Atlantic (see and pattern of canal openings on the surface. Despite the fact Pomponi et al. 2001 and references therein) and south-west that we could not distinguish the two specimens based on mo- Pacific (see Kelly 2007 and references therein). lecular (CO1) data, we consider them as two separate species Lithistids have rigid skeletons comprised of interlocking based on the morphological species concept.
    [Show full text]
  • Ostracoda from the Late Permian of Greece (Thaumatocyprididae and Polycopidae)
    SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY • NUMBER 87 Ostracoda from the Late Permian of Greece (Thaumatocyprididae and Polycopidae) I.G. Sohn and Louis S. Kornicker SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1998 ABSTRACT Sohn, I.G., and Louis S. Kornicker. Ostracoda from the Late Permian of Greece (Thaumatocyprididae and Polycopidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, number 87, 34 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables, 1 map, 1998.—The ornamentation of the outer surface of the carapace of both living and fossil thaumatocyprids is compared and discussed. Seven new species of Thaumatomma Kornicker and Sohn, 1976, one species of Thaumatomma in open nomenclature, and a new species ofPolycope from the Late Permian of the islands of Hydra and Salamis, Greece, are described and illustrated. A key to the species of Thaumatomma is presented. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of inital copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Annals of the Smithsonian Institution. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The trilobite Phacops rana Green. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sohn, I.G. (Israel Gregory), 1911- Ostracoda from the Late Permian of Greece (Thaumatocyprididae and Polycopidae) / I.G. Sohn and Louis S. Kornicker. p. cm.—(Smithsonian contributions to paleobiology ; no. 87) Includes bibliographical references. 1. Thaumatocyprididae, Fossil—Greece—Hydra Island. 2. Thaumatocyprididae, Fossil—Greece—Salamis Is­ land. 3. Polycopidae, Fossil—Greece—Hydra Island. 4. Polycopidae, Fossil—Greece—Salamis Island. 5. Paleontology—Permian. 6. Animals, Fossil—Greece—Hydra Island. 7. Animals, Fossil—Greece— Salamis Island. I. Kornicker, Louis S., 1919- II. Title. III. Series. QE701.S56 no. 87 [QE817.C8] 560 s—dc21 [565'.33] 98-6127 CIP ® The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984.
    [Show full text]