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A Matter of Comparison: the Holocaust, Genocides and Crimes Against Humanity an Analysis and Overview of Comparative Literature and Programs
O C A U H O L S T L E A C N O N I T A A I N R L E T L N I A R E E M C E M B R A N A Matter Of Comparison: The Holocaust, Genocides and Crimes Against Humanity An Analysis And Overview Of Comparative Literature and Programs Koen Kluessien & Carse Ramos December 2018 International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance A Matter of Comparison About the IHRA The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) is an intergovernmental body whose purpose is to place political and social leaders’ support behind the need for Holocaust education, remembrance and research both nationally and internationally. The IHRA (formerly the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research, or ITF) was initiated in 1998 by former Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson. Persson decided to establish an international organisation that would expand Holocaust education worldwide, and asked former president Bill Clinton and former British prime minister Tony Blair to join him in this effort. Persson also developed the idea of an international forum of governments interested in discussing Holocaust education, which took place in Stockholm between 27–29 January 2000. The Forum was attended by the representatives of 46 governments including; 23 Heads of State or Prime Ministers and 14 Deputy Prime Ministers or Ministers. The Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust was the outcome of the Forum’s deliberations and is the foundation of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. The IHRA currently has 31 Member Countries, 10 Observer Countries and seven Permanent International Partners. -
Bosnia-Herzegovina Social Briefing: Bosnian Genocide Denial Ivica Bakota
ISSN: 2560-1601 Vol. 17, No. 3 (BH) April 2019 Bosnia-Herzegovina social briefing: Bosnian genocide denial Ivica Bakota 1052 Budapest Petőfi Sándor utca 11. +36 1 5858 690 Kiadó: Kína-KKE Intézet Nonprofit Kft. [email protected] Szerkesztésért felelős személy: Chen Xin Kiadásért felelős személy: Huang Ping china-cee.eu 2017/01 Bosnian genocide denial Bosnian Genocide denial is believed to be intentional act of Republika Srpska and (to a certain extent) Serbian authorities of denying the planned systematic genocide of 6000 to 7000 Bosniaks from Eastern Bosnia following the siege and capture of Srebrenica by the Srpska Army in July 1995. Serb politicians generally deny the genocide perpetrated against Bosniaks during the Bosnian war, refute claims that Srebrenica massacre constitutes a genocide, revise a number of soldiers and civilians killed during and in the aftermath of the 1995 Srebrenica siege (arguing that the total number of killed did not exceed a half of the number claimed by Bosniak side) and even claim that the genocide is perpetrated against the Serbs during the course of the Bosnian war. As a form of denialism, it can be compared to similar non-mainstream historical revisionisms such as Armenian Genocide denial and Holocaust denial. In generally accepted view shared among foreign experts and historians, however, the Srebrenica massacre is considered as the biggest genocide that occurred in Europe after WWII. A fact exacerbating the controversy of the Bosnian genocide is that it happened relatively soon, only 24 years ago, hence is not (yet) unanimously acknowledged as a historical fact by historians and genocide scholars alike. -
Penalizing Holocaust Denial: a View from Europe
Penalizing Holocaust Denial: A View from Europe Aleksandra Gliszczyńska-Grabias* The visual evidence and the verbal testimony of starvation, cruelty and bestiality were so overpowering as to leave me a bit sick. In one room, where [there] were piled up twenty or thirty naked men, killed by starvation, George Patton would not even enter. He said that he would get sick if he did so. I made the visit deliberately, in or- der to be in a position to give first-hand evidence of these things if ever, in the future, there develops a tendency to charge these allegations merely to “propaganda.” 1 General Dwight D. Eisenhower. The alleged Hitlerian gas chambers and the alleged genocide of the Jews form one and the same historical lie, which permitted a gigantic financial swindle whose chief beneficiaries have been the State of Israel and international Zionism, and whose main victims have been the German people and the Palestinian people as a whole. 2 Robert Faurisson. I. INTRODUCTION Incorporating Holocaust denial into the catalogue of issues governed by legal provi- sions, and in particular by the provisions of criminal law, raises a number of under- standable doubts. Aside from the controversies related to the indisputable interference with freedom of speech, there are problems concerning the form of legal provisions that would ban the dissemination of the negationists’ theories, as well as difficulties in guaranteeing the effectiveness and consistency of their proper enforcement.3 * Research Assistant, Poznań Human Rights Centre, Institute of Legal Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Graduate Fellow, Yale Initiative for the Interdisciplinary Study of Anti- semitism (YIISA), Yale University. -
The Holodomor National Awareness Tour: a Reflection on Teaching
The Councilor: A Journal of the Social Studies Volume 0 Number 1 Article 5 The Holodomor National Awareness Tour: A Reflection on Teaching Alexandra Marchel Canada-Ukraine Foundation, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/the_councilor Part of the Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Educational Methods Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Marchel, Alexandra () "The Holodomor National Awareness Tour: A Reflection on eaching,T " The Councilor: A Journal of the Social Studies: Vol. 0 : No. 1 , Article 5. Available at: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/the_councilor/vol0/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Councilor: A Journal of the Social Studies by an authorized editor of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Marchel: The Holodomor National Awareness Tour: A Reflection on Teaching The Councilor: A Journal of the Social Studies Volume 0, Number 1 REFLECTION The Holodomor National Awareness Tour: A Reflection on Teaching about Genocide Alexandra Marchel, PhD The Holodomor National Awareness Tour (Canada-Ukraine Foundation)1 “Does anyone have any questions?” I asked after finishing my introduction to the lesson. Several students put their heads down and promptly looked at their phones. My eyes must have revealed some concern. Their teacher explained: “They are using Google Translate to help with their English. They recently moved to Canada from Syria.” One student waved me down to show what she had written: “I understand this history. My government is trying to starve our population into submission.” Since 2018, I have been working as program manager and lead educator for the Holodomor National Awareness Tour on their Holodomor Mobile Classroom (HMC). -
Renewed Circassian Mobilization in the North Caucasus 20-Years After the Fall of the Soviet Union
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe Vol 11, No 2, 2012, 103-135 Copyright © ECMI 21 December 2012 This article is located at: http://www.ecmi.de/publications/detail/issue-22012-vol-11-254/ Renewed Circassian Mobilization in the North Caucasus 20-years after the Fall of the Soviet Union Lars Funch Hansen* University of Copenhagen The renewed ethnic mobilization among Circassians in the North Caucasus region in Russia that has unfolded since the latter half of the 2000s is illustrated by the establishment of new civil society organizations and a substantially increased number of internet-based initiatives. All of this reflects a new and increased form of agency and unity among the Circassians in which youth activism has played key role. It also illustrates how Circassian civil society actors and cyber-activists have not only been able to establish a counter-public sphere or develop a new space for action, but also increasingly have been able to move key issues from Circassian spheres into the wider public sphere of mainstream Russian media and politics. The upcoming 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, in particular, has functioned as a lever in this process, which has also resulted in increasing support among Circassians for calls for recognition of the nineteenth century forced expulsion of the majority of the Circassians from the Caucasus as an act of genocide. In this manner, a mega-event such as the Sochi Olympics has contributed to generating a more radical or politicized understanding or framing of the Caucasian exodus that, since the fall of the Soviet Union, has generally been known as “our national tragedy”. -
The Gendering and Racialization of Power in Genocide
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2012 Establishing Difference: The Gendering And Racialization Of Power In Genocide Erin E. Welsh University of Central Florida Part of the International Relations Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Welsh, Erin E., "Establishing Difference: The Gendering And Racialization Of Power In Genocide" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 2171. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2171 ESTABLISHING DIFFERENCE: THE GENDERING AND RACIALIZATION OF POWER IN GENOCIDE by ERIN E. WELSH B.A. Randolph-Macon College, 1999 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science in the College of College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2012 © 2012 Erin E. Welsh ii ABSTRACT This thesis is designed to delve deeper into perceptions of identity, specifically gender and racial identity, the power relationship that emerges as each of these switches is reached in the progression towards genocide, and the effects of these perceptions during and after the genocide takes place. The primary question addressed is whether the power relationship that emerges as a result of these pre-genocidal stages becomes gendered and racialized due to perceptions rooted in a male-dominated hierarchy and a belief in the superiority of one ethnicity over another. -
Genocide Awareness Month Announcements Scripts Genocide Awareness Month Is Commemorated in April
Genocide Awareness Month Announcements Scripts Genocide Awareness Month is commemorated in April. The month was chosen because April contains many significant dates in the history of genocide. These include the beginnings of the Genocide Against the Tutsi in Rwanda, the Armenian Genocide, and the Anfal campaign against Iraqi Kurds. The goal of Genocide Awareness Month is to share knowledge about what genocide is, about genocides that have happened in the past, and about the continuing scourge of genocide today. These announcement scripts are a good way to commemorate Genocide Awareness Month throughout your school. We recommend these announcements for high school. We do not recommend talking about genocide with students younger than ninth grade. Holocaust Museum Houston also offers virtual tours and opportunities to bring a museum educator to your school virtually (for free): https://hmh.org/education/programs-and- curriculum/educator-in-motion/. Whenever you talk about genocide, keep in mind the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum’s guidelines for teaching about genocide: https://thgc.texas.gov/learning/best-practices/guidelines-for-teaching-about-genocides. Announcement 1 April is Genocide Awareness Month, so this month during announcements we are going to provide some information about what genocide is. Each time we talk about Genocide Awareness Month during the announcements we will end the section with a question that will be answered next time. Think about the questions and see if your classmates have the same answers. Genocide means trying to destroy a group of people because of who they are. The word genocide is a neologism, which means it is still pretty new. -
Denying Genocide Or Denying Free Speech? a Case Study of the Application of Rwanda’S Genocide Denial Laws Yakaré-Oulé (Nani) Jansen
Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights Volume 12 | Issue 2 Article 3 Spring 2014 Denying Genocide or Denying Free Speech? A Case Study of the Application of Rwanda’s Genocide Denial Laws Yakaré-Oulé (Nani) Jansen Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njihr Part of the Human Rights Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Yakaré-Oulé (Nani) Jansen, Denying Genocide or Denying Free Speech? A Case Study of the Application of Rwanda’s Genocide Denial Laws, 12 Nw. J. Int'l Hum. Rts. 191 (2014). http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njihr/vol12/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights by an authorized administrator of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Vol. 12:2] Yakaré-Oulé Jansen Denying Genocide or Denying Free Speech? A Case Study of the Application of Rwanda’s Genocide Denial Laws Yakaré-Oulé (Nani) Jansen * I. INTRODUCTION ¶1 Rwanda is widely considered a poster child for post conflict development. Since the 1994 genocide, in which an estimated 800,000 people lost their lives, 1 the country has gone through a rapid process of socio-economic development. In the last 10 years, Rwanda’s GDP growth has averaged 7.4 %, nearly double the regional average. 2 Rwanda is the only country in Sub-Saharan Africa that is on track to meet its health related millennium development goals 3 and the only country in the world where women hold a majority of seats in the national legislature. -
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FOUNDATION)FOR)ENDANGERED)LANGUAGES) ) ! ! OGMIOS ! ! ! ! ) Some!of!the!priceless!holdings!of!the!archive!recordings!in!the!sound!archive!of!Pushkinskiy! Dom,!St.!Petersburg,!Russia.!More!about!the!television!film!exploring!this!archive!in!this! issue.!!! ! OGMIOS)Newsletter)47:)—)30)April)2012) ISSN)1471L0382))))))Editor:)Christopher)Moseley) ) Published!by:! Foundation)for)Endangered)Languages,) 172)Bailbrook)Lane,)) Bath)BA1)7AA,)England! OGMIOS)Newsletter)47) )30)April)2012! )Contact!the!Editor!at:! Assistant)Editor:) ))))))Adriano)Truscott)) Christopher)Moseley,)<[email protected]>) Contributing)Editors:) Roger)Blench,)Joseph)Blythe),) 9)Westdene)Crescent,)Caversham)Heights,) Serena)D’Agostino,)Christopher)Hadfield,)Francis)M) Hult,)Nicholas)Ostler,)Andrea)Ritter.) Reading)RG4)7HD,)England) ! International3Centre3for3Language3 1.! Editorial ...............................................................3! Revitalisation:3New3York3Symposium ................ 16! 2.! Development3of3the3Foundation..................3! ICLASP:3Extended3deadline..................................... 16! FEL3XVI3Conference:3Language3Endangerment3in3 Lyon3Summer3School:3documentation3and3 the321st3Century:3Globalisation,.3Technology3and3 revitalization ............................................................... 17! New3Media .......................................................................3! FEL3Manifesto..........................................................20! 3.! Endangered3Languages3in3the3News ..........4! 3 Australia:3HighLtech3bid3to3save3ancient3Top3End3 -
The Case Study of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire (1915/16) and Genocide Research in Comparison
Annihilation, Impunity, Denial: The Case Study of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire (1915/16) and Genocide Research in Comparison Annihilation, Impunity, Denial: The Case Study of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire (1915/16) and Genocide Research in Comparison Tessa Hofmann A definition of genocide “By ‘genocide’ we mean the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group. [...] Generally speaking, genocide does not necessarily mean the immediate destruction of a nation, except when accomplished by mass killings of all members of a nation. It is intended rather to signify a co-ordinated plan of different actions aiming at the destruction of essential foundations of the life of national groups, with the aim of annihilating the groups themselves. The objectives of such a plan would be disintegration of the political and social institutions, of culture, language, national feelings, religion, and the economic existence of national groups, and the destruction of the personal security, liberty, health, dignity, and even the lives of the individuals belonging to such groups. Genocide is directed against the national group as an entity, and the actions involved are directed against individuals, not in their individual capacity, but as members of the national group. [...] Genocide has two phases: one, destruction of the national pattern of the oppressed group; the other, the imposition of the national pattern of the oppressor. This imposition, in turn, may be made upon the oppressed population which is allowed to remain, or upon the territory alone, after removal of the population and the colonisation of the area by the oppressor’s own nationals.” Raphael Lemkin: Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. -
Bosnian Genocide Denial and Triumphalism: Origins
BOSNIAN GENOCIDE DENIAL AND TRIUMPHALISM: ORIGINS, IMPACT AND PREVENTION IMPACT ORIGINS, DENIAL ANDTRIUMPHALISM: BOSNIAN GENOCIDE BOSNIAN GENOCIDE DENIAL AND TRIUMPHALISM: ORIGINS, IMPACT AND PREVENTION Illustration © cins Edited by Sead Turčalo – Hikmet Karčić BOSNIAN GENOCIDE DENIAL AND TRIUMPHALISM: ORIGINS, IMPACT AND PREVENTION PUBLISHER Faculty of Political Science University of Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina IN COOPERATION WITH Srebrenica Memorial Center Institute for Islamic Tradition of Bosniaks ON BEHALF OF THE PUBLISHER Sead Turčalo EDITORS Hikmet Karčić Sead Turčalo DTP & LAYOUT Mahir Sokolija COVER IMAGE Illustration produced by Cins (https://www.instagram.com/ cins3000/) for Adnan Delalić’s article Wings of Denial published by Mangal Media on December 2, 2019. (https://www.mangalmedia.net/english//wings-of-denial) DISCLAIMER: The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the opinions of Publishers or its Editors. Copyright © 2021 Printed in Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian Genocide Denial and Triumphalism: Origins, Impact and Prevention Editors: Sead Turčalo – Hikmet Karčić Sarajevo, 2021. Table of Contents Preface ..............................................................................7 Opening Statement by Ambassador Samantha Power .....9 PETER MAASS: The Second War: Journalism and the Protection of the Memory of Genocide From the Forces of Denial ..........................................15 MARKO ATTILA HOARE: Left-Wing Denial of the Bosnian Genocide ................................20 SAMUEL TOTTEN: To Deny the Facts of the Horrors of Srebrenica Is Contemptible and Dangerous: Concrete Recommendations to Counter Such Denial ...27 NeNad dimitrijević: Life After Death: A View From Serbia ....................................................36 ediNa Bećirević: 25 Years After Srebrenica, Genocide Denial Is Pervasive. It Can No Longer Go Unchallenged .........................42 Hamza Karčić: The Four Stages of Bosnian Genocide Denial .........................................................47 DAVID J. -
Integrated Genocide History
Integrated Genocide History George N. Shirinian, ed., Genocide in the Ottoman Empire: Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks, 1913–1923, New York & Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2017. Pp 433, hardcover, $69.95 US. Reviewed by Matthias Bjørnlund, Danish Institute for Study Abroad The Context Genocide studies—in short, analyzing one or more cases of organized mass destruc- tion—is by now a somewhat established academic discipline. While it is still young, it is, after ‘‘having remained marginal to academic discourse’’ for decades, no longer a mere toddler in the field of humanities and social sciences thanks to a host of factors, from individual achievements to geopolitical shifts.1 Genocide, of course, is not young, not even as a concept. For instance, long before Nazi atrocities were famously dubbed ‘‘a crime without a name’’ by Winston Churchill in 1941, neologisms exactly similar to Raphael Lemkin’s 1943/44 invention of the Greek-Latin hybrid word ‘‘genocide,’’ (ge´nos +-cide, i.e., the murder of a people/nation/race/tribe) were used by Scandinavian and German politicians, diplomats, reporters, and intellectuals from 1915, alongside ‘‘crimes against humanity,’’ ‘‘extermination,’’ and ‘‘race murder’’ to define or encapsulate the ongoing destruction of the Ottoman Armenians and Greeks. These neologisms were, for instance, folkemord, folkmord, and Vo¨lkermord, all combining the words ‘‘people’’ and ‘‘murder.’’ Both before and after that, the Greek genoktonia, the Armenian tseghas- panutiun, and several similar words synonymous with genocide were used