Genocide Awareness Month Announcements Scripts Genocide Awareness Month Is Commemorated in April
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Download Pre-Genocide
Pre- Genocide 180571_Humanity in Action_UK.indd 1 23/08/2018 11.51 © The contributors and Humanity In Action (Denmark) 2018 Editors: Anders Jerichow and Cecilie Felicia Stokholm Banke Printed by Tarm Bogtryk Design: Rie Jerichow Translations from Danish: Anders Michael Nielsen ISBN 978-87-996497-1-6 Contributors to this anthology are unaware of - and of course not liable for – contributions other than their own. Thus, there is no uniform interpretation of genocides, nor a common evaluation of the readiness to protect today. Humanity In Action and the editors do not necessarily share the authors' assessments. Humanity In Action (Denmark) Dronningensgade 14 1420 Copenhagen K Phone +45 3542 0051 180571_Humanity in Action_UK.indd 2 23/08/2018 11.51 Anders Jerichow and Cecilie Felicia Stokholm Banke (ed.) Pre-Genocide Warnings and Readiness to Protect Humanity In Action (Denmark) 180571_Humanity in Action_UK.indd 3 23/08/2018 11.51 Contents Judith Goldstein Preparing ourselves for the future .................................................................. 6 Anders Jerichow: Introduction: Never Again? ............................................................................ 8 I. Genocide Armenian Nation: Inclusion and Exclusion under Ottoman Dominance – Taner Akcam ........... 22 Germany: Omens, hopes, warnings, threats: – Antisemitism 1918-1938 - Ulrich Herbert ............................................................................................. 30 Poland: Living apart – Konstanty Gebert ................................................................... -
A Matter of Comparison: the Holocaust, Genocides and Crimes Against Humanity an Analysis and Overview of Comparative Literature and Programs
O C A U H O L S T L E A C N O N I T A A I N R L E T L N I A R E E M C E M B R A N A Matter Of Comparison: The Holocaust, Genocides and Crimes Against Humanity An Analysis And Overview Of Comparative Literature and Programs Koen Kluessien & Carse Ramos December 2018 International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance A Matter of Comparison About the IHRA The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) is an intergovernmental body whose purpose is to place political and social leaders’ support behind the need for Holocaust education, remembrance and research both nationally and internationally. The IHRA (formerly the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research, or ITF) was initiated in 1998 by former Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson. Persson decided to establish an international organisation that would expand Holocaust education worldwide, and asked former president Bill Clinton and former British prime minister Tony Blair to join him in this effort. Persson also developed the idea of an international forum of governments interested in discussing Holocaust education, which took place in Stockholm between 27–29 January 2000. The Forum was attended by the representatives of 46 governments including; 23 Heads of State or Prime Ministers and 14 Deputy Prime Ministers or Ministers. The Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust was the outcome of the Forum’s deliberations and is the foundation of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. The IHRA currently has 31 Member Countries, 10 Observer Countries and seven Permanent International Partners. -
Bosnia-Herzegovina Social Briefing: Bosnian Genocide Denial Ivica Bakota
ISSN: 2560-1601 Vol. 17, No. 3 (BH) April 2019 Bosnia-Herzegovina social briefing: Bosnian genocide denial Ivica Bakota 1052 Budapest Petőfi Sándor utca 11. +36 1 5858 690 Kiadó: Kína-KKE Intézet Nonprofit Kft. [email protected] Szerkesztésért felelős személy: Chen Xin Kiadásért felelős személy: Huang Ping china-cee.eu 2017/01 Bosnian genocide denial Bosnian Genocide denial is believed to be intentional act of Republika Srpska and (to a certain extent) Serbian authorities of denying the planned systematic genocide of 6000 to 7000 Bosniaks from Eastern Bosnia following the siege and capture of Srebrenica by the Srpska Army in July 1995. Serb politicians generally deny the genocide perpetrated against Bosniaks during the Bosnian war, refute claims that Srebrenica massacre constitutes a genocide, revise a number of soldiers and civilians killed during and in the aftermath of the 1995 Srebrenica siege (arguing that the total number of killed did not exceed a half of the number claimed by Bosniak side) and even claim that the genocide is perpetrated against the Serbs during the course of the Bosnian war. As a form of denialism, it can be compared to similar non-mainstream historical revisionisms such as Armenian Genocide denial and Holocaust denial. In generally accepted view shared among foreign experts and historians, however, the Srebrenica massacre is considered as the biggest genocide that occurred in Europe after WWII. A fact exacerbating the controversy of the Bosnian genocide is that it happened relatively soon, only 24 years ago, hence is not (yet) unanimously acknowledged as a historical fact by historians and genocide scholars alike. -
Conflict Profile
MODERN CONFLICTS: CONFLICT PROFILE Iraq (Kurds) (1961 - 1996) The Kurds are an ethnic group in northern Iraq and neighboring Turkey and Iran. There are longstanding conflicts between the Kurds and the governments of all three countries (see also Turkey-Kurds conflict profile). Sustained warfare between the Iraqi government and Kurdish fighters dates from 1961. In the first phase of the war, the Iraqi government controlled the cities and major towns, while Kurdish peshmerga fighters controlled the mountains. Iraq used aerial bombardment while the Kurds relied mainly on guerrilla tactics. An agreement that would have granted autonomy to the Kurds in was almost signed in >> MODERN CONFLICTS 1970, but the two parties could not agree to the division of oil rights and the fighting HOME PAGE resumed. With increased support from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency and the Iranian government, the Kurds escalated the war. In 1975, when the CIA and Iran cut off >> CONFLICTS MAP their support, the Kurdish forces were significantly weakened. This phase of the war was >> CONFLICTS TABLE characterized by mass displacements, summary executions, and other gross human rights >> PERI HOME PAGE violations. In 1979, when Saddam Hussein became president of Iraq, he intensified the repression against the Kurds. Though Kurds resisted, large-scale fighting did not resume until the mid-1980s when Iran, now fighting its own war with Iraq, renewed support for the peshmerga. In 1987, Saddam Hussein appointed his cousin, General Ali Hassan al-Majid, to subdue the Kurds. “Chemical Ali,” as he came to be known because of his use of chemical weapons, launched the Anfal campaign that resulted in the deaths of approximately 100,000 Kurds, the displacement of hundreds of thousands of others, and the destruction of more than 2,000 Kurdish villages. -
Genocides Andconflicts
0 1 Genocides and Conflicts in the 20th and 21st Centuries Preface This book provides summaries of some of the mass atrocities that have occurred in the last hundred years. We have intentionally included conflicts that often are not studied in courses about genocide. We encourage readers to learn about these events for two reasons: first, when knowledge of these atrocities is not part of our shared history and memory, those who suffered, and their once- vibrant cultures and communities, are made invisible yet again. Second, it is important for us to realize the breadth of genocides across time and place. ‘Never again’ has come to mean ‘over and over again.’ Perhaps if we can recognize that genocide is a wide-ranging and repetitive scourge on the planet, we can someday reach a world without genocide. Thanks go to Jacob Simpson, Research and Advocacy Associate, and Amalie Wilkinson, Research Intern, for their work on this book. 2 Table of Contents Native Americans, 1492-Present ............................................................................................ 3 Namibia, 1904-1907 ............................................................................................................... 5 The Armenian Genocide, 1915-1923 ....................................................................................... 7 The Ottoman Christian Genocide, 1915-23 ..............................................................................9 The Holodomor, 1932-1933................................................................................................. -
Genocide, Ethnocide, Ecocide, with Special Reference to Indigenous Peoples: a Bibliography
Genocide, Ethnocide, Ecocide, with Special Reference to Indigenous Peoples: A Bibliography Robert K. Hitchcock Department of Anthropology and Geography University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE 68588-0368 [email protected] Adalian, Rouben (1991) The Armenian Genocide: Context and Legacy. Social Education 55(2):99-104. Adalian, Rouben (1997) The Armenian Genocide. In Century of Genocide: Eyewitness Accounts and Critical Views, Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons and Israel W. Charny eds. Pp. 41-77. New York and London: Garland Publishing Inc. Adams, David Wallace (1995) Education for Extinction: American Indians and the Boarding School Experience 1875-1928. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. Africa Watch (1989) Zimbabwe, A Break with the Past? Human Rights and Political Unity. New York and Washington, D.C.: Africa Watch Committee. Africa Watch (1990) Somalia: A Government at War With Its Own People. Testimonies about the Killings and the Conflict in the North. New York, New York: Human Rights Watch. African Rights (1995a) Facing Genocide: The Nuba of Sudan. London: African Rights. African Rights (1995b) Rwanda: Death, Despair, and Defiance. London: African Rights. African Rights (1996) Rwanda: Killing the Evidence: Murders, Attacks, Arrests, and Intimidation of Survivors and Witnesses. London: African Rights. Albert, Bruce (1994) Gold Miners and Yanomami Indians in the Brazilian Amazon: The Hashimu Massacre. In Who Pays the Price? The Sociocultural Context of Environmental Crisis, Barbara Rose Johnston, ed. pp. 47-55. Washington D.C. and Covelo, California: Island Press. Allen, B. (1996) Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzogovina and Croatia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. American Anthropological Association (1991) Report of the Special Commission to Investigate the Situation of the Brazilian Yanomami, June, 1991. -
Human R Ights Studies Online
STUDIES ONLINE HUMAN RIGHTS learn more at alexanderstreet.com Human Rights Studies Online In the 20th century alone, more than 20 million people died as a result of genocide. Still millions of others endured violence, oppression, and violations of their basic human rights, yet survived to tell their stories. Genocide and atrocity crimes show humanity at its worst. They lead us to question our very nature—what it means to be human. Despite their horrors, they must be documented and they must be studied. In doing so, we hope to understand them. Human Rights Studies Online is the crimes and capture efforts at a research database providing “To deny people their human reconciliation. comprehensive, comparative • Reference material such as maps, documentation, analysis, and rights is to challenge their bibliographies, descriptions of the interpretation of major human rights very humanity.” violations and atrocity crimes worldwide events and document questions – Nelson Mandela from 1900 to 2010. Upon completion, created by experts that provide key the collection will include 75,000 pages overviews and analysis of events. of text and 150 hours of video that give many of which have never before been • Links to third-party Web content, voice to the countless victims of human available digitally. including resources local and rights crimes in the 20th and early 21st contemporaneous to the events. centuries. • Documentaries, interviews, monographs, essays, and articles These materials work together to The collection provides primary and help explore significant questions and secondary materials across multiple that help contextualize the primary sources and clarify the breadth of the themes, such as how these violations media formats and content types for could have been prevented, what events. -
Saddam Hussein's Use of Nerve Gas on Civilians at Halabja
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current Honors College Spring 2019 A war of frustration: Saddam Hussein’s use of nerve gas on civilians at Halabja (1988) and the American response Christopher Huber Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019 Part of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Huber, Christopher, "A war of frustration: Saddam Hussein’s use of nerve gas on civilians at Halabja (1988) and the American response" (2019). Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current. 683. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/683 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A War of Frustration: Saddam Hussein’s Use of Nerve Gas on Civilians at Halabja (1988) and the American Response _______________________ An Honors College Project Presented to the Faculty of the Undergraduate College of Arts and Letters James Madison University _______________________ by Christopher Brian Huber May 2019 Accepted by the faculty of the Department of History, James Madison University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors College FACULTY COMMITTEE: HONORS COLLEGE APPROVAL: Project Advisor: Raymond M. Hyser , PhD Bradley R. Newcomer, PhD., Professor, History Dean, Honors College Reader: Philip D. Dillard, PhD Professor, History Reader: John J. Butt, PhD Professor, History PUBLIC PRESENTATION This work is accepted for presentation, in part or in full, at MadRush on March 16, 2019. -
Penalizing Holocaust Denial: a View from Europe
Penalizing Holocaust Denial: A View from Europe Aleksandra Gliszczyńska-Grabias* The visual evidence and the verbal testimony of starvation, cruelty and bestiality were so overpowering as to leave me a bit sick. In one room, where [there] were piled up twenty or thirty naked men, killed by starvation, George Patton would not even enter. He said that he would get sick if he did so. I made the visit deliberately, in or- der to be in a position to give first-hand evidence of these things if ever, in the future, there develops a tendency to charge these allegations merely to “propaganda.” 1 General Dwight D. Eisenhower. The alleged Hitlerian gas chambers and the alleged genocide of the Jews form one and the same historical lie, which permitted a gigantic financial swindle whose chief beneficiaries have been the State of Israel and international Zionism, and whose main victims have been the German people and the Palestinian people as a whole. 2 Robert Faurisson. I. INTRODUCTION Incorporating Holocaust denial into the catalogue of issues governed by legal provi- sions, and in particular by the provisions of criminal law, raises a number of under- standable doubts. Aside from the controversies related to the indisputable interference with freedom of speech, there are problems concerning the form of legal provisions that would ban the dissemination of the negationists’ theories, as well as difficulties in guaranteeing the effectiveness and consistency of their proper enforcement.3 * Research Assistant, Poznań Human Rights Centre, Institute of Legal Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Graduate Fellow, Yale Initiative for the Interdisciplinary Study of Anti- semitism (YIISA), Yale University. -
The Holodomor National Awareness Tour: a Reflection on Teaching
The Councilor: A Journal of the Social Studies Volume 0 Number 1 Article 5 The Holodomor National Awareness Tour: A Reflection on Teaching Alexandra Marchel Canada-Ukraine Foundation, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/the_councilor Part of the Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Educational Methods Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Marchel, Alexandra () "The Holodomor National Awareness Tour: A Reflection on eaching,T " The Councilor: A Journal of the Social Studies: Vol. 0 : No. 1 , Article 5. Available at: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/the_councilor/vol0/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Councilor: A Journal of the Social Studies by an authorized editor of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Marchel: The Holodomor National Awareness Tour: A Reflection on Teaching The Councilor: A Journal of the Social Studies Volume 0, Number 1 REFLECTION The Holodomor National Awareness Tour: A Reflection on Teaching about Genocide Alexandra Marchel, PhD The Holodomor National Awareness Tour (Canada-Ukraine Foundation)1 “Does anyone have any questions?” I asked after finishing my introduction to the lesson. Several students put their heads down and promptly looked at their phones. My eyes must have revealed some concern. Their teacher explained: “They are using Google Translate to help with their English. They recently moved to Canada from Syria.” One student waved me down to show what she had written: “I understand this history. My government is trying to starve our population into submission.” Since 2018, I have been working as program manager and lead educator for the Holodomor National Awareness Tour on their Holodomor Mobile Classroom (HMC). -
Recognizing the Killings of Iraqi Kurds As Genocide
Recognising the killings of Iraqi Kurds as genocide Standard Note: 6560 Last updated: 21 February 2013 Authors: Ben Smith and Arabella Lang Section International Affairs and Defence Section Under Saddam Hussein’s rule many thousands of Iraqi Kurds were killed over several decades. This included chemical weapons attacks, for instance at Halabja, and mass executions and internment, culminating in the ‘Anfal’ campaigns of 1988. The UK does not officially recognise this as genocide, although several bodies (including courts in Iraq and the Netherlands) have done so. In the UK there is no clear process for officially recognising events as genocide, but the UK can prosecute people for genocide even if the events took place outside the UK (after 1991). Under the 1948 Genocide Convention, genocide is defined as mass killings or other acts intended to destroy a particular group of people. States must prevent or punish genocide, individually or through the UN, and the International Criminal Court can be involved (for events after 2002). Contents 1 Were the killings of Iraqi Kurds genocide? 2 2 United Nations action on the killings 2 3 UK approach 3 4 The definition of genocide 4 5 States’ obligation to ‘prevent or punish’ genocide 5 6 Crimes against humanity and war crimes 6 This information is provided to Members of Parliament in support of their parliamentary duties and is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual. It should not be relied upon as being up to date; the law or policies may have changed since it was last updated; and it should not be relied upon as legal or professional advice or as a substitute for it. -
The Gendering and Racialization of Power in Genocide
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2012 Establishing Difference: The Gendering And Racialization Of Power In Genocide Erin E. Welsh University of Central Florida Part of the International Relations Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Welsh, Erin E., "Establishing Difference: The Gendering And Racialization Of Power In Genocide" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 2171. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2171 ESTABLISHING DIFFERENCE: THE GENDERING AND RACIALIZATION OF POWER IN GENOCIDE by ERIN E. WELSH B.A. Randolph-Macon College, 1999 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science in the College of College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2012 © 2012 Erin E. Welsh ii ABSTRACT This thesis is designed to delve deeper into perceptions of identity, specifically gender and racial identity, the power relationship that emerges as each of these switches is reached in the progression towards genocide, and the effects of these perceptions during and after the genocide takes place. The primary question addressed is whether the power relationship that emerges as a result of these pre-genocidal stages becomes gendered and racialized due to perceptions rooted in a male-dominated hierarchy and a belief in the superiority of one ethnicity over another.