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MARK TWAIN’S
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PA TENTS:
, UNITED STATES. GREAT BRITAIN. FRANCE.
June 24TH, 1873. May i6th, 1877. May i8th, 1877.
TRADE MARKS:
UNITED STATES. GREAT BRITAIN. Registered No. 5,896. Registered Np. 15,979.
DIRECTIONS.
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■ ; . . \W* , i • : P t 1 E't • --— ------r ...... • ■ - i-1--- if a date as 1682 a few Germans adventurers !had established themselves where the town of Chester now stands. Many ! Germans from the Palatinate had gone to ! From. Li ?.( ^ ^/■■■ ^ ' England upon the invitation of Queen 5 ' Anne, and therefore when Penn left for this country to settle his province a goodly number of Germans came with him and also during subsequent years. Some sold themselves and worked for a specified Date, time. [W. J. Hoffman in Folk Lore of Pennsylvania Germans ] According to Proud, some of the llNNSYLVAf IA GERMANS settlers from the Palatinate lodged in hollow trees in the woods, and in coves and dugouts along the Delaware and SAMUEL M. SENER ADDRESSES THE AMER¬ Wissahickon, while others erected rude huts. Between the years 1708 and 1720 ICAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY. thousands of new arrivals, chiefly Palatinates, flocked into the province of Pennsylvania. When Philadelphia county He Tells of the language of These I was established, on account of the number People, Their Manners, History and of Germans located in its northern settle¬ Customs-in Interesting Paper. ment the spot received the name of “Germantown.” On September 17, 1717, the lieutenant At the tenth annual meeting of the governor of the province 11 observed to American Historical society in Y;ash- the board that great numbers of foreign¬ ineton, D. C., on Friday afternoon,^. ers from Germany had been imported Sener, esq., of this city, delivered an ad¬ into this province,” and on March 15, dress. He said: . 1721, the Palatinates undertook to furn¬ I shall endeavor to give you m a terse ish the corn to be presented to the Indians and brief form a sketch of the Pennsyl¬ as agreed upon by the council between vania Germans — their origin, history, the government and the Indians, a council manners and customs. They occupted a held atConestogue, in what is now Lan¬ region chiefly to the northeast of the Alle- caster county. In 1724, an act was zheniea, excluding several counties near passed to allow Germans to purchase land Philadelphia. Their language, under the in the province, and in 1726, the secre¬ name of “Pennsylvania Dutch,” is used tary of the province writes, “We shall bv a large part of the country population soon have a German colony, so many to-day, and may be heard constantly in Palatinates are already in the country. the cities of Easton, Beading, Allentown, On September, 15, 1727, the governor ac¬ Harrisburg, Lebanon, York and Lancaster. quainted the council that a ship had Pennsylvania Dutch, so-called because lately arrived from Holland with four Germans call their language Deutseh, hundred Palatinates on board, and that is a dialect which has been corrupted by many more were expected shortly.” The the admixture of English words and council then decided to require all such idioms, and presents variations due to the people to subscribe to an oath oi allegi¬ limited intercourse of a widely scattered ance to his majesty, and promise fidelity population, anJ to dialects brought from to the proprietor and obedience to the abroad, chiefly from the region of the established constitution until a proper Upper Rhine and the Neckar, the latter remedy can be had from home to prevent furnishing the Suabian or Rhenish the importation of such numbers of Bavarian element. The language is there¬ strangers.” fore South German, as brought in-by This early stricture did not prevent emigrants from Khenish Bavaria, Baden, the intrepid German from coming to this 1 Usace, Wurtemberg,German Swisserland country. For years the agents of the md Darmstadt. Local names like proprietor had refused to sell land to Hanover, Heidelberg, and Manheim mdi- the German exiles, which appeared to be cate whence some of the early residents part of a determined purpose to prevent came. The language does not occur in the Germans from settling in Pennsyl¬ the counties along the northern border of vania. [Address of Geo. F. Baer the state, but it has extended west, and before Palatinate college, 1875.] In even has some representatives in Western one way or another the Ger¬ New York and Canada. The numerous man settler was oppressed and harassed allusions to the “Fatherland” to be met until in 1754 a quarrel arose between the with belong to the foreign German the proprietary and the Assembly, and natives caring no more for Germany than finally in 1754 (Nov. 24,) the Germans for other parts of Europe; for they are marched to Philadelphia and demanded completely naturalized, notwithstanding that means be provided for their protec¬ their language. tion and safety. The proper remedies As early as 1633 Swedish settlers ap¬ were not devised and the matter again peared on Tinicum Island m the culminated in a quarrel in 1764. “The Delaware, and they held possession until Plain Dealer, or Remarks upon Quaker 155 when they were supplanted by Politics in Pennsylvania,” a rare volume le Dutch, or Germans. Even at so early I printed in 1764, recites: “The unhappy Germans, being ignorant of your consti¬ roll of attorneys of Lancaster count; tution, have been blindly led into yonr shows no German names until in 1769. schemes and patiently groaned under the when Hubley and Weitzel appear. From burden, while their wives, their children 1793 to 1804 out of fifty-two names and all were perishing by fire and entered only three were Germans; from, hatchet.” * * * * f “The German, 1825 to 1835, twenty-two names give but having lost everything else, begins to two German; later on the German names pray that you would spare his life. become prominent, and so it is with other county lists of members of the bar. In a verse accompanying a caricature illustrations of the “Plain Dealer” occurs Most of the German ancestors to Penn¬ sylvania were Lutherans, German Re¬ the following: formed and Moravians, hut there were “The German Weeds and hears ye furs Of Quaker lords and savage ours. j some Catholics and many other sects, such as the Dunkars, Mennonites, The proprietary not granting properj Schwenkfelders, etc. In addition there protection to our German ancestors dur¬ were many of sects which have since be¬ ing the period between 1750 and 17Go, j come defunct, as the Labadi3ts, Inspired! they were murdered and plundered by Separatists and the Society of the Indians, and the Tulpehocken, Albany, Women of the Wilderness. Berks and Lancaster sections suffered They usually brought with them on the severely, many being killed or scalped, ship a clergyman and a school master, and their children being carried into cap¬ tivity. No man can tell where the In¬ speaking of the latter as next to the pastor. The German Catholic element in dian would strike the next blow. 1754 numben d in Lancaster county under [Wallemheber-Gordon.] By 1742 the Ferdinand Farmer one-hundred and eight steady stream of immigration that had males and ninety-four females; Berks set. in since 1689 had brought to the county, forty-one males, thirty-nine province one bundled thousand German ■ females, Chester county, three males. immigrants, and byj.765 the number had The proportion held good under Robert finer eased to two hundred and eighty Harding, Matthias Monner and Theodore thousand. [Haldeman ] This is a por¬ Schneider in other sections and in the tion of the unwritten history of the trials, whole province there were 949 Catholics, and tribulations of our German ancestors. while the Irish Catholics numbered only They proved determined in their efforts 418. [Penn’s Archives, III., p. 144, and to colonize, however, and steadfastly, Colonial Records, VII., p. 447.] through all trials and privations, main¬ The earliest German Catholic settle¬ tained the proprietary government, and ments were at Goshenhoppen in 1747; finally their thrift, zeal and faith con¬ Philadelphia in 1731; Lancaster in 1742; quered and the woods rang with the Conewago prior to 1730, possibly about chopper’s block and on the 1720. ‘•Banks of the Saatara, the songs of the .Rhine” -The Germans early smelled gunpowder were heard and homes were soon erected in the province and many of them, like and churches also. Close by the church Christopher Ludwig, believed that with-1 stood the school house, and in a few years out saltpeter and sulphur there was no the province of Pennsylvania had become freedom (“Ohne schwefel nnd salpeter the most prosperous and flourishing of all keine Freheit”]. As early as 1727 there the colonies. had been open warfare between the “Our German ancestors brought but Germans in New York and Pennsylvania little with them. A few pieces of and the Indians. From 1747 to 1748, and i silver coin or gold, a chest with clothes, a again from 1755 to 1763, the French urged Bible, prayer or hymn book constituted the Indians to repeated attacks upon the' the whole stock of most of them. ’■ Germans. In Lancaster there was a [Manners of) Pennsylvania Germans by strong fort built and fifteen companies Dr. Rush]. Many of them bound them¬ of militia organized for its defence. The selves and many parents were compelled journal of Conrad Weiser shows that the to sell their own children, the children attacks upon the Germans had been fre¬ having to assume the passage money of quent and as before stated disastrous. both their own parents, and work for their The name of this man (Conrad Weiser) master from ten to twenty-one years oi and that of his son, have come down to age. Gordon says “that it was a humble us as powerful against the Indians and in position thatredemptioners occupied, yet 1793, when General Washington stood at from this class have sprung some of the the grave of Weiser, he said: “This de¬ most reputable and wealthy inhabitants parted man, in a most difficult period, of this province.” The principal portion rendered many services to his country; of them were farmers, but there were posterity will not forget him.” Weiser many mechanics. was born in Alstaedt, Wurtemberg, and Proud says of them: “ The Germans come to this country with his father in seem more adapted to agriculture and 1710, dying July 13, 1760. improvement of a wilderness. They In 1711, one thousand Germans were soon get estates in this country, where engaged in the expedition against Quebec, industry and and economy are the chief and in 1757 Governor Denny wrote: “The requisites to procure them.” They sel¬ Berks county militia refuse to serve dom became lawyers or merchants until under any but their own officers.” in later years. An examination of tne_ In 1757 there were in Pennsylvania five companies under Stanwix; in 1758 the first and fourth battalions were at Fort county. On everj hillside thfey, robed in Duquesne under Col. Bouquet. In 1763 the “buff and blue,” drew their swords the first was under Bouquet at Pittsburg iu defense of the young republic, and laid and Busby Run. Michael Schlaeter was down their lives on bloody battle fields, chaplain of many of the battalions from baptising and consecrating the same for 1756 to 1782. He died at Chestnut Hill, ' succeeding generations of descendants Philadelphia, in 1790 Many of them suffered and died in the German emigration continued to flourish prison ship “Jersey.” up to 1776, and at that time a majority of Foremost among the Pennsylvania the citizens of Pennsylvania were Ger¬ Germans on the field was General Peter mans, by birth or descent In the provin¬ Muhlenberg, who in January, 1776, cial council of 1774 and 1775 appear such preached his last sermon,throwing off bis German names as Schlasser, Ludwig, ministerial robes and leaving the pulpit Shultz, Baltzer, Gehr, Porter, the latter a full fledged officer, and urging his hear¬ from Lancaster county. The names of ers to join him in the defense of the Germans also appear on the lists of the Republic. His statue stands to-day in committee of correspondence of Berks, the rotunda of the capitol at Washington, Lancaster and other counties, and are aud his name and fame are part of the found in abundance in the vigilance com-1 inheritance which the German element in mittees. On May 25, 1776 Congress re- J Pennsylvania transmitted to succeeding solved to create a German regiment generations. and by July 17 Pennsylvania had in the second war for independence, raised her quota of four companies, ( that of 1812, the Pennsylvania German and also an additional one, which was again “ came to the front” and proved commanded by George Wolpper, an old I himself equal to the emergency, as he German soldier, whom General Wash¬ (did Also in the Mexican and late civil ington most urgently recommended to war, in the latter of which eighty thou¬ Congress as a reliable man. Among the sand Germans took sides with the Union, officers of these companies we find such many of whom were from Pennsylvania. names as Weiser, Hubley and Bower. At The rolls of the regular army likewise the last battle of Long Island, three show the names of many Pennsylvania battalions captured by the Hessians were Germans, prominent among which ap¬ mostly Germans from Pennsylvania. Lan¬ pear those of Colonel de Barth Walbacu caster county alone had furnished nine who served also in thewarof 1812, and complete regiments. who was a Catholic, his brother having Then, too, how much do we owe to the been stationed at Lancaster during the gallant Steuben and De Kalb. We can¬ latter part of the last and beginning of not help but look with admiration upon the present century. But these wars are the words of General Steuben to General too recent to dwell long upon, as there Washington: “My greatest ambition is are many living to-day who can testify to to serve your country * * * and to deserve the valor of the Pennsylvania German in the title of a citizen of America by fight¬ the many battles and campaigns of each ing for the cause of your liberty.” ~ If the Pennsylvania German el¬ Well did he labor in Pennsylvania and ement took a prominent part in New York, bringing Older out of chaos, the wars of the republic, it has and creating our regular army. He died also taken a part in the affairs of the |in 1794 full of years and honors, and his state, and occupying the gubernatorial grave in Oneida county, N. Y , is marked chair of Pennsylvania we see the names with a slab containing the simple inscrip¬ of such men as Si mon Snyder, Joseph tion “Steuben.” We are also reminded Hiester, John Andrew Schu?ze, George of the expression of Washington’s “honest Wolfe, Joseph Ritner, Francis Rawn friend,” Christopher Ludwig, when Gov. Shunk, William Bigler, and in later years Mifflin proposed a purchase of arms by the names of John Frederick Hartraafc subscription: “Mr.President, I am only a . aud James A. Beaver. poor gingerbread baker,but put me down The Pennsylvania German took a great for £200.” [Ermentrout’s address at Read¬ pride, as stated before, in the “school¬ ing July 4, 1876. ] master,” and the history of education in Then we have David Ziegler as adjutant Pennsylvania is an interesting one. Iu of Col. Thompson’s battalion of riflemen, 1749 there came to Pennsylvania twelve the First Regiment of the Pennsylvania Germau schoolmasteis, and they, the Line, who had originally enlisted in Lan¬ Germans, wall knew that “ a people may caster county; John Philip DeHaas is be destroyed for a lack of knowledge. ” colonel of the First Pennsylvania Iu 1787 a German charity school was in¬ battalion; Peter Weiser, son of Conrad corporated and endowed at Lancaster, Pennsylvania furnished the largest pro¬ and was known as Franklin college. The portion of the German regiment which Lutheran, Reformed, Catholic aud Mora¬ I was in the battles of Trenton and Prince¬ vian denominations each had an interest ton. In Arnold’s campaign against in it, and were represented in its faculty Quebec, 1775, a company of German rifle¬ and board of trustees. German charity men from Cumberland county, Penn¬ schools were also established in Reading, sylvania, is commended as “an excellent York, Easton, New Hanover and Skip- body of men.” p ick. An examination of the files and rolls of They early started newspapers and of in “Pennsylvania in the Revolution” these the oldest in existence in the state shows the name3 of many German settlers are the Reading Adler and Lancaster and their descendants from Lancaster Mf D D , who wrote the re: _mn rif[n7 i uimi ___ _ of the VolksfrcTuid" The elrliesb issue “I Would Not Live way.” This press^in Pennsylvania by a German is a hymn he composed in La .stcr, Pa little Dutch tract printed by Peter Corne A prominent Penney!.-,nia German- lias Plockhoy, founder of a colony <>f was David Kittenhouse, the astronomer Mennonites, at the Horn Kill, on the bom of Swiss or German parents in 1/36 Delaware, near Philadelphia, in 1662. and died in 1796 in Philadelphia. Others [Judge IS. W. Pennypacker’s address be¬ were Caspar Wistar, a celebrated physi¬ fore Pennsylvania German society] Fran cian, born*, in Philadelphia in 17SL; the cis Daniel Pastorious printed many books Melsheimers, considered as the pioneers at Germantown, Pa. The Mennonites of entomology in the United States; the caused to bai priuted at Germantown in first of these waB Frederick Valentine, 1742 the AuJMhiid. A revised edition was minister of the Lutheran church at Han printed in 1749 at Eptarata, in Lancaster over, York county. He published a county, by the followers of Conrad Beis-| work, on the insects of Pennsylvania in Bel, the founder of the Society of the 1801, describing over seven hundred Solitary at that place. The brothers species. He died July 4, 1814, at made their own paper and operated theiri Hanover. His eldest son, Jonn own printing press, and prior to 1800 F. succeeded his father in his love of en they had printed about one hundred books j tomology, and a second son, Ernest F-, They published a number of hymns and i a physician, also developed a love for the books ou music, and daring the K evolu¬ science of entomology and became presi¬ tion all the books and papers contained j dent of the Entomological society of Penn¬ in the old monastery were seized for use iu sylvania. He published a “Catalogue of the making cartridges for the forces in the Coleoptera of the United States,” which Pennsylvania Line. the Smithsonian institution subsequently Almanacs appealed to their taste and reprinted in 1853 after revision by Halde- they early printed' them, and such issues man and Le Conte. of the Pennsylvania German press were Still further scanning the lists of scien¬ ambitious quartos. One of these volumes, tists we find the names ot Joseph Leidy, which was printed in, 1779 in Lancaster, who stood at the head of natural science; Pa., is of interest and valuable as a Samuel Stehman Haldeman, who resided . historical imprint, from the fact that iD at Chickies, Lancaster county, Pa., and it General Washington was for the first who was a writer of renown on conchology,. time called “The Father of His Country.” his great work “The Fresh Water Mol- 1 Lpon the title page there is a respresenta- lusca,” appearing in 1841. Simon Snyder tion of fame, holding in one hand a rude Rathvon, of Lancaster, a self made man i portrait medallion of Washington, while and distinguished entomologist; Professor i with the other hand she holds a trumpet Samuel Gross, of world-wide fame as a * to her mouth, from which shs blows with surgeon; P. F Rothermel, of Berks county, a loud blast: “Des Landes Vater.” whose painting of the “Battle of Gettys¬ Down to the time of the Revolution, burg” immortalized him; Frederick Graff, ; according to Charles Hildeburn, in his who constructed the Fairmount water | “Issues of the Press in Pennsylvania,” works, Philadelphia, Pa ; Dr. William H. there were eight newspapers published in Egle, the present librarian of the Penn¬ English to ten in German. Then we have sylvania State library, first president of the publication of the Schwenkfelders, the the Pennsylvania German society. Billmyers. Christopher Sauer. The first Baron William Henry Stiegel who time that a Bible appeared west of the came to this country about 1758, and Alleghenies it was published in 1814, in established and operated the first glass German, at Somerset. [Pennypaeker’s ad¬ works in America at Manheim, Lancaster dress. ] county, Pa, dying in 1783. He also The Pennsylvania German was promi¬ owned and operated a large and exten¬ nent in the scientific world also, as is sive iron furnace, from which stoves evidenced in the lives of such men as Rev. known as the Stiegel stoves were sent out 4 G. H. E. Muhlenberg, a leading botanist all over Pennsylvania. in Lancaster, who wrote many works on In the pulpit can be named a galaxy of his faverite stuly and was visited by stars that wilL shine with undimmed Alexander Von Humboldt and Dr. Johann lustre in the moral heavens through all David Schopf, ti ,e former of whom called coming time. The first and foremost him the “Amer can Linnaeus.” He was, among the divines was Henry Melchdll a son of Henry Melchoir Muhlenberg, D. Muhleiberg, father of Lutheranism in D., and was bom in Montgomery county America. He came to this country in in 1753 (Nov. 17) and died May 13, 1815, L74J and labored among ithe German having been pastor at Lancaster, Pa., of Lutherans until his death: on Oct. 7, the Lutheran church from 1780 to the day 1787, giving to the world such sons as of his death. He was a brother of Gen. General Peter Muhlenberg, Frederick Peter Muhlenberg, the patriot preacher. and Rfv. G jH. E {Muhlenberg. Then ap- Another prominent member of the pear the names of Zinzendorf, George Muhlenberg family was Frederick, the Michael Weiss, V. D. M , John Casper second son of Henry Melchoir Muhlen¬ Stoever, Revs. Schneider, (and Fanner berg, D. D., who left the church to be¬ (Catholics), Winebrenneij Bausman, come a member of Congress in 1779, Harbaugh and Baker. especially to represent the Germans, and A few words as to the lanners and still another prominent member of the customs of the Pennsylvaj Germans, same family was Rev. W. A. Muhlenberg, | and I will conclude. Till always, in selling a tract'oTBu'S', provi decFTarge and and those who assfeleS a/t life IafFerr_were suitable accommodations for cattle and generally given some pudding and meat, horses, before they built a house for called a “metzel soup,” upon going home themselves. Their first dwelling was iu the evening. Upon the death of a generally of logs, and it generally lasted member of the family the women of the the lifetime of the settler, and hence the saying that “a son should always begin neighborhood congregated and helped pre¬ pare a dinner, this being done to feed the his improvements where his father left relatives and friends who had come from off,’’ that is by building a large stone a distance. After the body had been com¬ house. They always preferred good land, mitted to the ground the cortege returned and hence the farms doubled in value ia to the house and all partook of the a few years. In clearing the land they girdled the trees and they used gypsum dinner. They had their legends, quaint ayings, folklore aud prov erbs. on their ground as a fertilizer as early as 1770. They fed their horses and cattle In 1891 (April 15) there was organized . well and they built stout fence enclosures at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, a society around their tract of land. They lived fru¬ called “The Pennsylvania-German So¬ gally in their families, with respect to diet, ciety,’’whose object andjaim is “to gather furniture and clothing, and generally sold and preserve ancestral records; for the their most profitable grain, such as wheal, purpose of bringing their forefathers into reserving the corn and rye for their own such recognition in the eyes of the world, consumption. Boiled meat and vegetables, and especially their own, children, as soups, milk and cheese, and Jsauerkraut they deserve; for lifting histoiy now un¬ 1 were the staple articles of food, and cider, known, or unnotic d, into honor; and for beer, wine and water were their drinks. preserving to posterity old public records, Their furniture was plain and useful, aud landmarks and memorials, which in an¬ in winter they used a feather-bed as a other generation will have disappeared ” covering, as it was warmer than a blanket. This organization is composed of over 200 Their apparelj was generally homespun., representative men in all the walks of Tneir motto being, ‘‘Selbst gesponnaD, ir«„an2 ,the “sleeping giant,” at last jseibst, gernacht: Rein dabei is Bauern- °used, has got to work, having issued traclit,” translated meaning: j three handsome illustrated volumes of ‘To spin, to weave, 10 ready make his clothes, Proceedings and Addresses,” a fourth and keep them oleaD, the frugal farmer being now in press. The Pennsvlvania knows.” German has become fully aroused, and Carpets were nowheres seen until after there is a great mission before the so¬ 1750, not even in Philadelphia. The house¬ ciety ot which every member is fully wife spun flax and wool and wove their aware and doing his utmost to further. own linen, linsey and woolen webs. The Having thus endeavored iu a brief linen she generally bleached by exposing manner to depict to you the origin, his¬ it to the sun’s rays oa the grass. In tory, manners and customs of the Penn¬ traveling they used a large covered sylvania German, I close with the follow¬ wagon, drawn by four or six horses, and ing lines, the closing ones in Lee L could easily convey 2,000 to 3,000 pounds Grnmbine s poem read before the Penn- of produce to Philadelphia over rough roads. A peculiar breed of horses, known in Gct^lSl”1311 SOdtty at Harrisbnrf-' 'among them was the Conestoga horse, “ With sweetest melody of silver toneue land their variety of wagons known as the Wo?ns;hout the future will be sung, 6 ThetJ,rha‘U1 V*ep\c- with truth of sermon, I Conestoga wagon were of wide celebrity a he praises of the Penusylvaaia-iieraian.” ' Both were so known because they origi¬ nated at Conestoga, in Lancaster county. The most distant country people attended market, and their descendants do so to this day in Lancaster, Berks and other K ,_ counties. 5 from, They early taught their childreu to fear God and love work. They were a super¬ stitious people, especially in planting, S.r/h being generally guided by the state of the moon. The first object of the German B y-;/7 was to become a freeholder, and they Bate, J JlZZ.' a/^y considered it a high compliment to be asked by a stranger on entering their houses, “Is this house your own.” Their superstition extended beyond the planting of trees aDd vegetables, a3 they Had a great horror of “spilling ealt,” “thirteen at the table,” “horse shoe over the lintel of the front door, ” and the like. Universal customs were white¬ washing, floor scrubbing and washing of clothing, and when a young woman was HUNG ON THE WALLS OF THE married she generally received a “haus MAYOR’S OFFICE YESTERDAY. [shbaier.” Tney prided themselves on the fat porkers and their “butcherings” DR. CADWALADER, FIRST BURGESS. felt the influence ofTI 7< Positions of Honor
An Excellent Crayon Portrait Pre¬ ur.Dr. vjauwamuuiCadwalader spent-- most of his life n i_C, ita sented to tlie City by His Descend¬ Sin Philadelphia, and was for twenty-five ants-Sketch. of the Life of a Man IJCaiC).years, fromon. ^1751 to 1776, a member of of Great.Note In Colonial Times—',1 the City Council, and for nineteen years, Public-Spirited and the Founder from 1755 to 1774, was a member of the. of Numerous Worthy Objects. Governor’s Council. He was the Mayor The promised addition to the group of of this city from 1746 to 1750, some land Mayors’ portraits which adorn the walls • speculations leading him to reside here of the Mayor’s office has been made, a for several years. , finely executed portrait of Thomas Cad- He was a judge of the courts and was walader, first Mayor of the city, being also a member of a large number of the presented to Mayor Shaw yesterday. It most important public commissions. His (is the gift to the city by John L. Cad- service in the Provincial Council in¬ walader, of New York, the great-grand-( cluded the “Seven Years’ War,” Pon¬ son of Dr. Thomas Cadwalader, on be¬ tiac’s war, and the insurrection of the half of the Cadwalader family, and was Paxton Boys, a period fraught with the .taken to the office by Edmund C. Hill, most embarrassing and arduous labors esident of the Board of Trade, through in the history of that body. His ap¬ . whose exertions it was obtained. pointment was made on the occasion of The following letter accompanied it, ihe “Wild Panic” following Braddock’s addressed to Mayor Shaw: “There are, I defeat, on Sunday, November 2d, 1755, relieve, in the office of the Mayor of the upon receipt of the news in Philadelphia city of Trenton, the portraits of a number of the incursion and massacres by the of the Mayors of the city, and I venture French and Indians into the neighboring to send you a likeness of Dr. Thomas counties. He joined in the formation of ’Cadwalader, the first Chief Burgess of one of the military corps, and is said at Trenton, prior to the Revolution, which one time to have held the rank of .Lieu¬ may be of some interest to you in con¬ tenant Colonel. He was also chairman nection with the collection.” of the Board of War, appointed by the It is a crayon picture and was executed Assembly under title of “The Provincial by Gutekunst, of Philadelphia, copied Commissioners.” from a steel portrait. It will be a much Those responsible duties had barely valued addition to the group, not merely dosed when he became involved in 1765 because it will be one more, but will in the conflicts with Great Britain that have added value because of being that introduced the revolution, in which he of the first Mayor, and such handsome and his family took a prominent part in work as well. The list and description Pennsylvania. of the other portraits which have so far , There were few public interests of any been secured were given a few months iv,ot- TVr. Cadwalader’s active and was not among thb ago in the Gazette. emterprSnT spirit wm not among foremost in promoting, whether in the Historical Sketch. Dr. Thomas Cadwalader was born in political, professional or constitutional Philadelphia in 1707, and died while on movements of his time, and in his many a visit to this city in November, 1779. sided career he was only second to Frank¬ His public services cover the most im¬ lin. He was a founder and an original portant historical occasions of colonial director of the Philadelphia Library. He founded and endowed a library in Trenton times, as well as the period of the Revo¬ „ * it % .. ” oa an lution. described in Force’s “Archives” as an The family from which he sprang was elegant library at the time of its destruc. purely American, and the record of its tion by the British in 1776, and was a patriotic services is co-extensive with founder of the first medical library in our national history and is intimately America. He was also a founder of the University and one of its trustees; of the interwoven for eight generations with ■ the history of Pennsylvania from the Pennsylvania Hospital, and one of . its time of its colonial foundation by Penn, original physicians; of the first medica in 1682. New Jersey, Delaware, Mary¬ society, as well as the first medical schoob land, Yirginia and New York have also ness done? I have very recently had (and of the American Philosophical So- a serious caution to be prepared foi fciety. He was elected the first Vice an awful change, and my monster | still continues to visit and warn me oi | ' President of this, and virtually its pre¬ siding officer, as Franklin, who was it“iahfv°eahad a most serious and an alarming attack frorn a violent lax President, was in Europe, where he re¬ and bilious vomiting, nor has it been mained for some years. These are to¬ in the power of the physicians to check it, but as I have some knowl¬ day among the best institutions of this edge of my own constitution I pe¬ kind in America. remptorily insisted upon taking an emetic which they assured me was both Improper and dangerous to the last degree in my present weak con¬ dition. However, I have fo“nbd siderable relief from it, and y aid of the barks, which I have also taken contrary to their opinion, I have the tone of my stomach altered for the better, yet I am very weak and rather more reduced than when I first arrived with the army from .//;;/' ^“Notwithstanding I have almost Date , everv fair day been able to ride for I* one or two hours at a time to direct our redoubts and chain of defenses which are so far perfected that all the Indians in the wilderness could
ILETTER OF ANTHONY WAYNE. n°"EutrCas ^fUs uncertain and mine
|The ' Great Soldier Calmly Facias at this time rather more so than usual I wish to settle the property -I y Death From Disease and Battle. may leave behind me so as to preven The following- letter from Major- ™ny litigation after I am gone, hence General Anthony Wayne, commander for should I survive this attack, my ,in chief of the United States Army, to frea't S. not bnllet-proof nor can I his brother-in-law, Captain William Kt-en a single foot aside to shield u. Hayman, of Chester county, an officer Therefore, I pray you ^ emises what you have done m the premises of the Revolutionary navy, who mar¬ ried Wayne’s only sister, has never ^“My11 best—perhaps last—and kind¬ been published. The letter shows that est love and wishes to my_poor.old. Wayne had a premonition of his mother, sister and friends, and be death, which it Will be remembered lieve me to be with sincere esteem, was to occur at Erie, as he was re¬ “Your affectionate humble servant, turning to the East after his great “ANTHONY WAYNE. ■V victory over the Indians which opened “Captain William Hayman.” the Ohio country and the northwest (Addressed) Captain William Hayman to settlement. The letter also shows in the calm courage with which Wayne Willistown, Chester county. faced death and the caution with I Per favor of Sharp Delany, Esq. ^ which he set not only his private af¬ fairs in order, as he had done before when expecting death at Stony Point, but also made his military prepara¬ tions to resist the Indians. “LEGIONVILLE, Dec. 28, 1792. “Dear Sir—It’s now seven months From, 'since I left Waynesborough without having received a single line, either from my own family or you—you may reply that this is the first from me— alZ rl true, but that is not the case with Mrs. Wayne—besides, every moment A of my time is absorbed in publick Date, business. The defense, of a portion of upwards of one thousand miles, and ■ jin providing for and disciplining a ■new army who have yet to learn the . ■» -* f I dredful trade of DEATH. “You have undoubtedly had rumors of a general peace with the Indians, THE LAST OF THE f but the contrary is the fact; in the western country it is serious war. “However, neither war nor politicks were the motives of this letter. I ABOLITIONISTS. will therefore come to the point. _ . When I parted with you you had the goodness to promise to see that satis¬ faction was entered upon all judg¬ Robert Purvis, the Survivor ments obtained in the Supreme or other courts against me. Is that busi¬ _:- „ ‘ _ * _k Paul Hr n . it'v. r-TTTf bra;'on when of a Heroic Band of the building: was dedicated to the cause of free speech. The hall had only been \ Freedom’s Fighters. finished ttfree days, however,) when it > was burned by a mob. The city had to j pay for the damages eventually, but : they fought against it, upon the ground j STORIES OF-STIRRING TIMES. that the association had1 so outraged public sentiment that it induced the rio£ j ‘'Th
From/?.. T — ..^ ■m
Date, >.
THE STORY OF A PORTRAIT
BY CHARLES HENRY HART.
T1 HERE him
| nSyTnC
5 a table In his left hand he holds a manuscript let- at a tapie^ t on Qf thg United States of America ; ! adove him on the right is a profile medallion of Franklin; j t0 ti,e left through an open window is seen a portion of a t0 building surrounded by trees; beside the table are volumes lettered Locke; English Politics; Amei- p; -7 Trans • Price Sidney. The size of the canras ■CCU! Mneincill b ytifty-sGven. 1 describe this picture with minuteness, as the sequel will show its im-
I)°To the Loan Exhibition of Historical Portraits, held at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, in the winter of 1887-8, and which was the.first collection of the kind ever brought together in this c°u“tiy..1% Philosophical Society contributed this pictuie, and it - No. 193 in the catalogue of that exhibition, which I pit- oared 'it is there set down as “Francis Hoplanson, by Charles Willson Peale,” and its date is given as 1787 In the same exhibition there was hung No. 194 the.not un¬ familiar portrait of Francis Hopkinson painted m 1785 bv Robert Edge Pine, now deposited in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and I was forcibly impressed at the time by the marked dissimilarity of the features m the two pictures, while the composition and pose are
S°OiTayvisit' to the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, in the summer of 1892, my attention was invited by the director. General Coring, to an interesting portrait, by Benjamin West of Samuel Vaughan'. The instant I saw it I recog¬ nized the Philosophical Society’s portrait of Francis Hop- kinson by Peale. A critical examination of the picture satisfied me it was not by Wesi. Its ownership, however, seemed to leave no doubt but that it was a portrait of Samuel Vaughan. It had been sent to the museum for the summer by William Warren Vaughan of Boston, who was the son of William Manning Vaughan the son of William Oliver Vaughan, son of Benjamin Vaughan, the eldest son of Samuel Vaughan, and was inherited by di- RUDonCmy return to Philadelphia I began, an investiga¬ tion of the history of the picture, hut, to my grfSat surprise '?:/1 was unable to find any reference to it in tluvrecords of_ the PhilosophicalTSocTm^Hne^is Francis Hopkinson or Samuel Vaughan. Failing in the dij^ction where one would naturally expect to rind full iuformatiqp upon the subject, and being familiar with the half-ce-mury of de¬ voted- service rendered to the Philosophical Society bj' Mr. John' Vaughan, a son of Samuel Vaughan, I sought his will, on record in the Register’s office at Philadelphia, to ascertain if any reference was made in it, or in the in¬ ventory of his estate, to a portrait of his father, and my examination was rewarded more richly than often results. In his will I found the following bequest: “ I give to the American Philosophical Society the portrait of my late father, Samuel Vaughan, in which are introduced the gar¬ den which he improved and the building of the Society, for which the lot was chiefly procured and the building constructed through his means.” This description of the building and the garden in the picture identified it, and showed that the portrait inscribed by this learned society “Francis Hopkinson” was in reality the portrait of its benefactor, Samuel Vaughan, bequeathed to the society by his son John Vaughan, in 1841. Thus in a brief half-century, through supine careless¬ ness. the identity of this important portrait of a man whom the American Philosophical Society in its palmy days had delighted to honor was not only lost, but given a fictitious name, and for no more philosophical reason than that some years ago two of the officers of the society, who were deputed to have the frames of the pictures in the hall re¬ gilded and rehung, did not know whose portrait this was, and thinking it looked something like other portraits of Francis Hopkinson, so dubbed it. My discovery was duly communicated to the society, and at the same time atten¬ tion called to the fact that the picture had a hole punched through the canvas and was otherwise in poor condition, and advised its being placed in the hands of Mr. Wilkin¬ son, a competent and conscientious restorer, for repairs. This communication resulted in the picture being restored, and the name of “Francis Hopkinson” replaced by that of “ Samuel Vaughan.” Samuel Vaughan was the twelfth child of Benjamin Vaughan, of England, and was born April 23, 1720. He was a merchant engaged in the West India trade, and spent some time in Jamaica. He married, February 1,1747, Sarah, daughter of Benjamin Hallowell, of Boston. He thus be¬ came connected both by business and by family ties with America, and sojourned in the United States between four and five years, from 1783 to 1788. He was elected a mem¬ ber of the American Philosophical Society January 16, 1784; his name was enrolled as a “Benefactor of the So¬ ciety ” in February, and on May 7th he was chosen a vice- president. On December 21, 1787, the members of the society passed a vote of thanks to him “for his disinter¬ ested and successful attention to their interests,” which was then presented to him in person by Franklin, who was its president and founder. What these interests were is shown in part by the extract from the will of his son, John Vaughan. It was Samuel Vaughan who directed the planting of the rows of trees in the State-house yard, Philadelphia, called Independence Square, in. 1785, "and along 'Walnut Street between Fifth and Sixth streets.. He was a great admirer of Washington, and Sparks prints two friendly letters from Washington to Samuel Vaughan, one under date of November 30, 1785, in which Washington thanks him for a copy of Mirabeau’s pamphlet on the Society of Cincinnati, and the other under date of November 12, 1787, in which Washington acknowledges the receipt of a plan of Mount Vernon which Mr. Vaughan had drawn, and expresses regrets for his departure from this country. Visitors to Mount Vernon will recall the elaborately carved marble mantel-piece which Vaughan sent to Washington, and what is esteemed to be the first portrait of Washing¬ ton that was painted by Gilbert Stuart was sent out to England to him, and is known to this day as the Vaughan Washington. It presents the right side of the face, and is ^^^ifferenUronUhSamiMHlbcIminnieaKnVasfi ingtou, by Stuart, and as a likeness is_ doubtless more ac curate. It is now owned by Mrs. Joseph Harrison, ot Philadelphia. Samuel Vaughan’s interest in this country nevei abated and several of his children made it their home, the most prominent being his eldest sou, Benjamin, the political ■ economist, and secret agent of the British ministry at Pai s g pending the treaty of peace with the Limted Slates, v 1 o settled in Hallowell, Maine. Samuel Vaughan died in W, England December 4, 1802. . , ‘ But to return to the picture. When it was removed from the society’s hall for the needed repairs the canvas was found to have endorsed upon it the date i/o/. Above this date was a broad splash of old black paint, as if something had been obliterated. A careful scrutiny and investigation, aided by solvents, revealed beneath the paint “Cs.Polk, Pinxt 1790.” The deciphering of this painted-out lettering seemed to confirm rather than to change the view that the picture was from the ease ot Charles Willson Peale, for the reason that it not only had the appearance of being his work, but Polk who was Peale’s nephew, copied many of his uncle s pictures, and, indeed, so closely imitated his manner that a large num¬ ber of the early portraits of Washington, attributed to Peale, are copies by Polk. The rational theory then at
*-v once presented itself that Polk had copied the picture from Peale's original, and by error placed Ins name on the back of the original instead of upon the copy, which, when discovered, was sought to be obliterated as I found i . That this theory was in the main correct is supported by <>. ' the subsequent finding in the old Vaughan homestead at St : Hallowell, Maine, of an inferior copy made by Polk with the obliterated inscription in full view. But, as we shall see, the original picture was not painted by Ysale. > 9 i1: i All the characteristics of the Philosophical Society s nor!vail indicate its being an original from life, while the one in Boston was in such a wretched state it would be ■ impossible to tell what it was, whether replica or copy. That neither could be an original by West will be seen from the fact that, apart from the impossibility of date I West being in England and Vaughan m America, West could not have painted in London an original pictuie with the hall of the American Philosophical Society and the State-house yard in Philadelphia showing through a window. As the date. “ 1787,” remained undisturbed,
the portrait was new Constitution being which would account for thei then n muchiater, for fcSurned to England etther just at the close of
first step necessaiy, prep J J During this pro- the varnish from the face ott h
1"* ?rfl’S’i; BriU pSr.er, Robert -e Pto tlho wL settled m PMMelplrio »s tte_a,«t.
fills « tire opinion1 J5ed«“ydcOTrrpeteirt to form kin son coincided, t . j. DOint from having bad an intelligent Nation Uvo of Pine's works recently in Ins hands fo restoiauon ^ .. Wasbington,” —“Garrick, toeiongmg phi^ That this opinion belonging to the city of , remarkable confirmation, was correct received T ‘ cataiogues of the annual ex- While examining a set ot the car , f f (lie Fine Arts, hibitions of the Pennsylvam cimTrman of the Com- in connection with my d the World’s Columbian 1 forred »nroog 5 ,v Rr *' -■m' hibited at tlie Academy in 1887: “ .PortraitPort of Samuel Vaughan. Artist, Pine. Owner, John Vaughan.” Here, then, was undoubtedly the Philosophical Society’s picture exhibited by John Vaughan, in his lifetime, as the work of Pine, when, of course, he knew who painted it, and substantiated the conclusions reached from a study of the picture itself after it had been cleaned. This confirmation again received, by like chance and most unexpectedly, the support of sustaining circum¬ stances. In the renowned autograph collection presented by Mr. Ferdinand J. Dreer to the Pennsylvania Historical Society there are two letters of Robert Edge Pine, one written to Samuel Vaughan, the subject of the picture, and the other written to John Vaughan, his son, the donor of the picture. There is nothing in the letters themselves hearing upon this portrait, but their contents show that there was intimacy between Pine and the Vaughans, and who, therefore, would be more likely to paint the portrait than the friend and countryman of the sitter, both of them earnest republicans? As these letters have not been printed, and are very interesting, as well as important in fixing the time of Pine’s coming to this country at least a year later than the dale given in most published notices of him, I transcribe them:
To John Vaughan, Esq., Philadelphia. London, Cork St., Burlington Gardens, 29th April, 1784. Sut,—I had tlie favour of yours dated tlie 4th of Feb. last, and am greatly oblig'd to you for your kind attention to the disposal of my Flints, lint hope, soon after this, to have the happy opportunity of thanking you in Person at Philadelphia, having resolved to indulge myself in visiting tlie Place, and People whom I have most respected. I propose bringing with me the original, Allegorical Picture of Amer¬ ica, with many Historical Pictures and others and doubt not tlie kind assistance of Mr. Vaughan and tlie Ladies towards procuring me a favourable reception. I hope to lie able to leave England in about a Month, and am now greatly employ’d in making preparation. My best respects attend on Mr. Vaughan and Ladies, and am Sir Your oblig’d and faithful Serv. B. E. Pink.
To Sam'll Vaughan, Esq., Philadelphia. Cork Street, Burlington Gardens, May '2nd, 1784. Duar Sir,—In my letter to Mr. John Vaughan in reply to his favour concerning the Prints he obliged me with the care of, I communicated my intention of immediately visiting your happy Country, but I now mM find that I shall not be able to compleat the business I have in hand, in proper time for the Voyage. I therefore must necessarily postpone for a short time the gratification of a wisli and hope I have for some years entertain'd—by which delay I hope I may be favour’d with your opinion of the present state of tlie Country, with respect to the dispo¬ sition and ability of its inhabitants for giving encouragement to Painting, either at Portraits or in perpetuating to Posterity the many glorious Acts, which honours the Name of an American. I think I could pass tlie latter part of my life happier in a Country where tlie noblest Principles have been defended and establish’d, than with the People who have endeavour’d to subdue them—I therefore hope you'll be able to satisfye me, that in so doing I do not hazard the rendering my self tlie less aide to provide for my Family. Your kind attention to tliis and a speedy reply will he very important to me, and add to the many services with which you have favour’d my dear Sir Your much Oblig’d and faith full hum’ll Serv. E. E. Pine. P. S.—Mrs. Pine and daughters joyn with me in best regards to Your Self and the Ladies. couRI have supplied morA'Wit—ana as muen bad taste; Mr. Janvier would have chosen a more select circle of folk for comment, and would have displayed a kindlier humor; a Mrs. Trollope would have flayed alive the petty sinners, instead of merely stabbing them. But the Rustic letters have a certain value of their own, as throwing light on little odds and ends of life in the city when great-grandpapas were young, and the girls they loved cared much for dress and vanity. In his first letter, to his friend Jeremiah Listless, the rustic Robert tells of his arrival in town, fresh from his native woods, quotes Ovid, Sterne, and Chesterfield to show his ac¬ quaintance with polite literature, and an¬ nounces his resolve to play “the chiel arnang ye takin’ notes” in thd'se frank terms:— “I would fain give the ladies of Philadel¬ phia an account of that part of my life, that Tittle month,’ in which I have flourished among them—Among us! I think I hear you HOW THEY DRESSED, WALKED, TALK¬ scream—truly ladies, among you—am I not a ED, FLIRTED, AND MADE LOVE. stranger!—do you scrutinize characters and trace pedigrees? I assure you, I dress as well Details of Life m Philadelphia Discerned as most of your beaux, can talk as interest-1 ingly, am as bold and impudent and have all BY THE OBSERVANT “Eye” AT THE BEGIN¬ such pleasing recommendatory qualifica¬ NING of the Century—The Doll of tions.” A Critical Blunderbuss. Fashion and the Mould of Form—Diver¬ And so, in his next letter, published Sep¬ sions of the Town’s Gallants—And tember 22, 1808, Mr. Rustic fires a veritable Human Nature is but Little Changed critical blunderbuss at his new acquaintances, Since the Year 1808. sparing none, and wasting as much powder and shot on their little follies as if they were In the year 1808, two enterprises were es¬ menacing dragons instead of innocuous lepi- sayed in Philadelphia, which was then the doptera. This is the way the blunderbuss commercial, literary, and political hub of the goes “bang!”— ! American universe. The foundations of one “I assume it is a fact, that the disposition and nature of a nation is discoverable in their of those enterprises were laid on Walnut dress and fashions, as readily as by their man¬ street, solid and substantial. The beginnings ners and actions; hypocrisy may counterfeit of the other were seen on Chestnut street. manners, and the actions of men, we know, The first enterprise is to-day an institution are not often the types of their minds; but the and a landmark; it flourishes like the bay- dress will give you a correct idea of their taste. Dress with ladies is intended to please, and ■ tree, and every one in the United States knows for this purpose their true and natural taste the Walnut Street Theatre. The second lived is exerted to the utmost; sa, when we see some fox but a year, and then sought the bourne of the Indian tribes flatten their heads, we whence few such travellers return. must immediately conclude it is congenial to Save for some librarians and professed their ideas of taste, and therefore set them down as people of flat taste;—when we behold bibliophiles, no one can now recall even the the Philadelphia misses with bonnets a foot existence of this early magazine venture— The high we must set them down as people of high Eye, “edited by Obadiah Optic; printed and taste. Now, from the article of dress of the published by John W. Scott, No. 147 Chestnut ladies here, we may deduce whole pages of street.” The larger libraries have each a copy argument for and against them—so various is of its two slender half-yearly volumes dusty their dress, that one part contradicts another, on their shelves, and here and there a stray which being the case, we might take it col¬ number may be found in private collections. lectively, and decide they have an inconsistent Yet, in its time, The Eye saw some things taste. But I think it most proper to distinctly, and flashed forth intelligence with give a fair description of their dress, that animation and a certain sparkle of primitive thereby you may judge for yourself— satire. Its humor was of the now ancient and believe me, my dear friend, this sort which italicizes a pun, and its satire was is no easy task, I consider it as difficult as the of the trenchant British order, which must most complicated piece of architecture—in draw blood to be respected. As a magazine it architecture we have the Corinthian. Doric, compares with the magazines or to-day much Gothic, and other orders to describe by, but in as the newspaper of the ’forties compares with the dress here, I see no order at all; and in the great “Omniscients” that flourish now. tact, the order which nature was pleased to Its contents were somewhat varied and its give their bodies is distorted, squeezed and tone was not a little pretentious. There were pressed out of all order; you may however essays and “Thoughts” on topics about which form a tolerable idea of this nondescript, no one was likely to become very much ex¬ heterogeneous architecture of dress of these cited; there were poems by “The Stranger,” ladies by comparing them to your near neigh¬ and “Glormon,” by Alphonzo and Lorenzo, of bours the Indians—like them, they appear to which most were very bad indeed; and there have a partiality for red, insomuch that some was a lot of material with whose publication not only wear red slippers and dresses, but the scissors bad more to do than the pen. daub their faces after the manner of those Scattered through the second and last savages; their ears, like those of the Indians, volume of The Eye are the “Robert Rustic” are hung with a profusion of curiously letters, which, inadequate as they are, com¬ formed rings, and their necks with beads; like prise a series of interesting attempts at satire the Indians, they load their heads with a vast on local manners and customs. Max O’Re!) variety of fantastical indefinable ornaments. conclude with an encomium to the ladies oi I cannot say, if from the similarity oi dress we Philadelphia.” - may induce that the natures of the Indian and This tremendous onslaught was not suffered Philadelphia ladies resemble each other; but I without reprisal. The very next week o11ss have discovered a very bloody minded savage Ann Lively wrote in biller protest to Luitor disposition among some of the gentlemen Optic, declared that Rustic was a horrid here; would you believe, my friend, even in hoor, and explained the incongruities of this civilized part ot the world, they fight one fashion with delicious naivete:— another in cold blood with pistols!—they call “The variety of fashions at present among shooting a fellow down at their feet, talking us, is another cause of complaint to him the honourable satisfaction—they call robbing a reason docs not rest with us—like many | child of its father and a wife of her husband, grumblers in the present day, I shall throw acting in behalf of their honour!—0, savage!— itallupon the administration—president Jkf- O, worse than Indian!- ficrson I say is the cause of it all—don’t start “But the Indian ladies differ from the ladies Mr. Optic—I mean no treason—the non-im¬ of Philadelphia in that the former are re¬ portation act is the reason why every one fol¬ markably mute and exceedingly modest, and low's her own fashion: Pormerty the London you never hear more than one speak at a packet brought ns semi-annually a fine and time; but the latter (and I am told, it is the 1 fashionably dressed London doll—bow anx¬ same in every polite part of the world) are in- iously did we wait for Captain McD. to pro¬ defatigably loquacious; I have often heard a duce the box — how eagerly we tore off dozen at the same time, indulging themselves the lid, and in eight and forty hours after, . in the most vehement verbose elocution, to every mother's daughter of us was an exact the great annoyance of my ears; this they call model of the dear baby—but now,. Mr. Optic, tea-party chit-chat: If they were admitted to we are all obliged to cut and chip every one debate in the more important affairs of stale, to her own taste, and this accounts for the what an uproar there would be in congress great diversity.” hall! one might as well, in my opinion, be in Vulcan’s thunderbolt manufactory, as among Sabbath Flirtations. them.-—They also differ in another respect When the subject of Miss Lively's wrath from your neighbours: The male sex with the comes to write again, he answers the young Indians maintain their dignity by holding lady so vigorously that she does not dare in absolute subjection the female; but here, reply. If the circumstance is recalled that in many instances, the females decidedly ‘rule the. roast.’ ” the City Water Works were located on the site Thus it appears that Mr. Rustic had no of the present City Hall, a fairly good notion previsional dream of The New Woman, dis¬ of an al fresco Sunday in the town can be satisfied though he was with the woman of obtained from Mr. Rustic's subsequent ob¬ his own day; that the Philadelphia misses of servations:— 1808 went into big bonnets where their great- “On my first arrival in Philadelphia, I very granddaughters go into big sleeves; and that naturally took the 'centre square' for a place duels in the town of Brotherly Love were not of public worship inasmuch as I always only in vogue, but popular. After firing a found a vast concourse ot ladies and gentle¬ blank charge into the field of philosophy, the men there on every sabbath; but seeing no Rustic sportsman loads his blunderbuss one enter the house, 1 concluded it must be a afresh, takes better aim, and brings down place of religious exercises in imitation of the some more butterflies, while he mangles one Indians; I behaved with great solemnity at already slain:— first, and really admired the devotion with Bonnets and Combs. which the ladies walked round apd round “When we take a superficial or outward and round again—I was confirmed in this view of their heads, we see what they call opinion, when I saw a great number of them on their knees in the grass; but Billy Flash bonnets, of undefinable and variable figures, I has informed me since that they were gath- many of which are three feet or more in cir¬ ering four-leaved clover. The ‘centre squ re cumference hung with ribbons, etc., a correct ! is a beautiful round inclosure, with a circular description of the shape of some of them is. gravel W'alk, where the ladies have a sublime absolutely impossible, but if you lorm to view of grass, of lombardy poplars, ot the out¬ yourself an idea of the figure all the figures of side of the water-works, and of the beautitul Kuelid jumbled together would make, then black smoke which rose of its top in clouds. you have as good an idea of them as myself “The gentlemen seat themselves on the —this massy bonnet gives great weight, dig¬ fence, to have a view of the girls, while they nity, and magnitude to the head, and when_I circumambulate the water-works: When I first entered the track, I thought, from the in¬ see a lady tripping along the street wi& om quisitive, confounding stares of the girls that on, it puts me in mind of a new hatch d pa I had intruded on their devotions, hut having trid»e running about the held with an eg^ enquired of a boy near me, he told me that shell stick in o' to its head larger than its body. it was not the case,—I passed on, was still Their combs, I judge from the measure rfom stared at: I now thought my face, was I took with my thumb as I stagg* e smutted, or my neck-cloth discomposed—I from a tea-party, must be from six to tei enquired of another boy—he replied all was inches wide and proportionably long, tnen right—I passed on—was still stared at! 1 now ears are" stretetied’to f danjeroj. l.n? «> g concluded they stared at me for my awkward earrings of an enormous Size;the" ^ ! ness in dress or manners, and retired, not a zled and curled in every shape-then little mortified, to my lodgings—Billy Flash ’ squeeze out of all shape except - has told me since, it is only a way the ble shape, by elastic corsets; and my dear ladies as well as the gentlemen have got m RY, observation gives a spring o Philadelphia. With due deference to tbe sve me, I have invented a new kind of cm municipality of this city, I would suppose it which I intend to recommend do the necessary to' frame laws prohibiting such pro- ies in a pamphlet, these give way I! fane amusements. It is probable however, thin-, will screw to any size and w that a law would not restrain them in this •rant'a lady to sneeze or case, as I find, in violation of the corporation ‘ without inconvenience or dangm wmen law, and the law of delicacy, they still play phlet, in order to eusuicensure its sale, sbatif cards! ain an erudite apostrophe to^foshicgntoj “As the ladies are fend of shewing tliem- ■ • r V TCer conse'quenay TT81T &ir'"’public is good ha luffed an', traces, and among the rest, they go to church feel a disposition,to take him by the nose and tor pass-time and to be seen. If they would lead him to the statue of the immortal confine themselves to the ball-room or theatre Franklin, which occupies a nich in the front and there riot, dissipate, and play cards, pretty of the Pennsylvania library; bring him to souls, I would not say a syllable against them; reflection, point out his insignificance, and but when 1 see the sacred temple of the Most shew him how like an insect he positively is— High profaned, when I see smiles, nods, and but thank fortune, this race of beings are winks, with other actions, notonlyirreligious, easily governed by shewing them a horse¬ but incompatible with the modesty and whip, or by bringing them within the scent decency which I ahvajjs look for in the fail- of gunpowder, for, crow-like, they appear to sex, I cannot be silent Rot a Sunday passes have a wonderful antipathy to this article. that I do not see something censurable in their “These fellows are great politicians withal— conduct—no longer ago than last Sunday I they are sure to curse the constitution for not witnessed a most obstinate contest between two allowing titles of nobility, and have a great ladies about their d -esses—not a word was deal to say about the vulgar, the swinish uttered, good, bad or indifferent, but I under- umltitude; the rabble, etc., without reason stoodC’+AAfl allAil innwthey would haveV> . im nsaid—’ n ? rl ' or reflection, for they scarcely know the And with much vivacity, Mr. Rustic re¬ difference between the wheels of govern¬ counts an incident thap might almost occur to¬ ment and the wheels of their gigs, or the morrow. reins of government and the reins of their “A Man A tour Town.” bridles; and thei lash the administration with about as nqiich judgment as they do An adequate and sulking sketch of “the their horses; hut] are always ready to back man about town,” A. 0. 1803, is given in the the weakness of, their judgments by the next letter. “Billy Flash” and his coterie, strength of their ipurses; they consequently with their “curses for the constitution” were challenge their antagonists with a terrible types of the time. Says the Rustic Juvenal:— wager and, by the bye, the acceptance of this challenge is very efficacious in convincing “I still endeavour to move in the sphere of their judgments, and causing them to drop fashion: Among the many luminaries of the the argument. , system of gallantry with whom I have the “Gambling on elections is carried to the honour to be acquainted is Billy Flash, who most extravagant pitch here, and 1 positively/ sparkles in his circle or orbit, after the true heard Billy Flask say, he regretted that the Philadelphian style; but as for rue, comet-like, election of president, vice-president, gover¬ I have a track peculiar to myself. They are nor, and all public officers, did not take place too polite for me here, entirely; they far out- half-yearly, that ft might beepme a fashion¬ chesterfield Chesterfield, insomuch that he able source of gambling!” would blush to see his wonderful disciples— And here Mr. Rustic tells of a young blood you must consider I allude only to those who who made large winnings on the election, and assume to themselves the honourable title of bought an assembly ticket, and contracted An¬ gallants, ladies’ men, etc., some Writers have other divershvs, only to learn that his per¬ called them fops, some beaux, cockneys, and fidious debtor had lost all the cash he owned monkeys. to other political gamblers. “Billy Flash has taken peculiar delight “The lotteries here,” he adds, “are another in teaching me the arcana of gallantry; and source of great speculation, disappointment, in truth, he serves me as an interpreter on and ruin—surely they are of all others the every occasion in which I am puzzled. Flash most seductive temptations in the world—you is always received with tumultuous approba¬ can scarcely walk a street in the ciiy but '30,- tion by the ladies, who infallibly shew their 000 dollars for a few cents!’’ stares you be- teeth from one end of the room to the other, witchingiy in the face. As I have lost noth in sign of welcome—of all the beaux I have ing by these lotteries, I hope you will not seen, Billy is the most prolific in puns, double think I am splenetic because I have been tin entendres, anecdotes, quibbles, and such successful..In a part of the ‘small deer,’ and when he tears to atoms the world so refined and so famous for religion character of some innocent, beautiful female, and piety as Philadelphia, I supposed that with a good pun, the room is hubbub, ecstasy, every species of gambling would be effectually and confusion, and really they make a merry suppressed, but no such thing; there are one matter of a very serious one. His greatest hundred billiard tables within the knowledge delight is in serving the ladies, and in this of Billy Flash, and no doubt there are three respect, he may, upon the whole, be consid- times as many—" ■ ered a useful sort of an animal. Just one month later, there comes a sudden “To obtain the glory of excelling in riding change over the spirit of Rustic’s dream. The tandem, is his highest wish; he thunders along town is no longer a sink of abomination. The. the streets, to the astonishment of tile inhab men are no longer empty fops. The girls arc }taht's;_thc "girls peep out at him from their not ridiculous little dolls: His "malice windows and smile; the clogs bark and give against the beautiful creatures has been con¬ him, ehace; the children at a distance cry oat, verted into admiration; if those who saw him ‘run, run! Mb. Flash is coming!’ If you had been fond of comparisons, they might were to see him on foot, you would be no have likened him to a summer cloud, whicl less surprised, nay, .were you to see him comes up vmlterhig thunder and frowning as equipped, a-la-mode, in our country, you if it intended to make wild work among the would take him for a creature mi generis— green fields, and at last, only lets fall a sweet he dashes about with incredible velocity; his retreshmg shower upon them.” This, lift toes are turned cut sufficiently to form a very last letter, is all poetry and platitude. obtuse angle; his left, aria is swinging about, Her name was Dorothka. to the great danger of those who come near him,whilst his right brandishes a stick which I would defy the greatest mathematician to. describe and if Billy were to see a more crooked or more ugly one than his, he would inevitably break his own and search out fur another. "Nothing vexes me more than to meet a fellow such as this, and, unless Billy himself, _ *— --7—'— - __if— T -i Sfl ...$> '■ ■
A RETROSPECTIVE GLIMPSE.
From, S././tJ?, .. The Place Where Washington and O/U+J- *-0! Adams Were Inaugurated and | Congress Sat for Ten Years. Date, C^LulL.....'?... /If !? SUPEEME OOUET'S OLD HOME. S ( Eero Sat John Jay and Later John HISTORY CALLS Marshall as Chief Justices—The Buildings Will Be Destroyed FOR PRESERVATION. Unless the Law la Changed. General Interest in the Pass¬ age of Senator Thomas’ A great deal of Interest Is manifested In Senator Thomas' bill, the purpose Bill. of which Is to preserve the buildings on Independence Square other than Inde- conveyance of the property was made pendenoe Hal) itself. According "to tEe to the county and city. Eleven years present law the Public' Building Com¬ later, in February, 1775; sl committee was . mission Is compelled to remove all of appointed by the-Common Council to these as soon as the City Hall is finish- consider plans for the purposed build¬ ings. Still the • matter dragged along until in 1741 It. was given a fresh im¬ petus by the then retiring Mayor of second in Importance onjy to Independ¬ Philadelphia, James Hamilton, a son ence Hall Itself. Congress Hall, on the of Andrew Hamilton. southeast corner of Sixth and Chestnut Prior to his time It had been custom¬ Streets would have to go if the present ary for the Mayor on leaving office to give a dinner to his constituents. James law was put into effect in the future. Hamilton thought the money could be Common Hall, the corresponding build¬ better expended. In place of giving the ing at Fiffh and Chestnut Streets, would l usual banquet he presented the etty £150 also be torn down. The building of the toward the erection of a public edifice. Philosophical Society on Fifth Street This laudable example was followed by would be rased to the ground and the a number of his successors. row of buildings connecting Independ¬ THE REVOLUTION HALTS IM¬ ence Hall with Congress Hall and Com¬ PROVEMENTS. mon Hall would become a thing of the The Revolution caused a halt in all past There have been many historic places for municipal improvement and events within these old houses:— It was not until 1787 that work on the Congress met in Congress Hall from county building at Sixth and Chestnut 1790 to 1800 and there the Constitution Streets v/as begun. This was started in was put in running order. the Spring and in February, 17S9, the The second inauguration of Washing¬ structure was finished. Congress during the latter year had been actively dis- j ton was held In the same building March cussing the establishment of a per¬ K 1793. manent seat of national government. John Adams was inaugurated Second The claims of Virginia, Maryland,New President in Congress Hall March 4, ("Jersey ”an 1797, and there he presided over the I ly upheld and the House had actually Senate. passed a resolution in favor of the lat- | The official announcement of Washing¬ ter State. It was killed in the Senate, ton’s death was made to both houses however, and after much debate the banks of the Potomac were selected as of Congress In the same place. the site of the permanent National In Common Hall, at Fifth and Chest¬ Capital, and the year 1S00 fixed for its nut Streets, the Supreme Court of the occupancy. United States sat from February, 1791, A temporary home for the ruling . to August 16, 1800. power, however, was an Imperative j The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. need and Philadelphia, Baltimore and | also met there. New York were the competitors. It | The Mayor’s office from the Revolu-1 was then that Robert Morris brought j tlonary times until the administration before the Senate a resolution passed of Edwin H. Fitler was in Common ; by the Assembly of Pennsylvania, of- j Hall. fering the new building erected on State I Councils met In the same building in House Square for the accommodation | pre-consolidation days. of Congress. HOW THE GROUND WAS PUR- i CONGRESS COMES TO PHILADEL¬ CHASED. PHIA. Ground was broken for Independence That settled the matter, and on De¬ Hall itself In 1732 and even at that early cember 9, 1790, the Senate through their period Andrew Hamilton, then Speaker president, John Adams, Vice-President of the Assembly, foresaw that of ne¬ of the United States, thanked the city and County Commissioners of Philadel¬ cessity additional public buildings would phia by letter for appropriating “such a cluster about is In the future. In con¬ commodious building for the accommo¬ junction with his friend, William Al¬ dation of the representatives of the len, he accordingly bought the corner lots adjoining the land appropriated for Union." the State House proper. These lots each Robert Morris for t.ie part he took in thus making Philadelphia temporarily had a frontage of fifty feet en Chestnut Street and extended back seventy-three the seat of the Federal Government, was bitterly lampooned by his New York feet. His next step was made during opponents. He referred to this treatment February, 1736, when he procured the in a letter to Mrs. Morris: “They abuse passage of an act of Assembly which me most unmercifully.1 both In the public authorized and directed him to convey prints, private conversation and even on these lots to a Board of Trustees to hold for the use of the city and county the streets.” That itobert Morris was not overdrawing the (situation (is shown of Philadelphia. It was proposed to by the survival of an old print! that pic¬ erect two buildings, one on either side of the State House, one to be used by tures him in close ccmmunionlwith his the city officials, the other dedicated Satanic Majesty, who jls leadlnglhim Into questionable company while he himself to the use of the county. The act referred to stipulated that the Is conducting his fell iw statesnen past buildings should be erected within twen¬ Independence Hall. It was in the old b hiding still stand¬ ty years from Its date. With a slowness of action that has ing on the southeast ,-Drner of Sixth and characterized municipal action of a Chestnut Streets that Congress met for much later date, nothing further was the third time in the listory of the Gov¬ ernment, and John Aiams presided over done until July, 1761, when the actual the Senate. Outside) the olc£ building is siifestaitsEitially the same as it was then, Mint w_aa esta.bllshed, and that im¬ although?iv interior alterations have been ; portant measure, known as “J&y’s made from time to time. The lower | treaty,” was debated and ratified, thus _floor was in one chamber, with the ex¬ establishing commercial relations with ception of a vestibule, and here the | England, th6 parent country, whose Representatives met. I leading strings the infant Republic had DESCRIPTION OF CONGRESS HALL. I outgrown and cast aside. This room was fitted1 up in the plainest ' There Madison and Fisher Ames con¬ possible fashion, the members’ seats in tended with each other upon the bill to three semi-circular rows ranging in front establish a national bank, which eventu¬ of the Speaker’s chair. The vestibule ally became a law. While Congress sat ran along the full front of the building within those walls Vermont, Kentucky and contained the staircase leading to arid Tennesee were admitted into the the chambers above. There was a gal-, Union, adding three more stars to the lery which opened directly into the street national emblem. There the Government through a doorway on the east side of combatted and successfully withstood the building. the first danger that threatened Its ex- This old doorway, now blocked up and lstance, the “Whisky Insurrection’’ in barricaded on the inside by one of the Pennsylvania. The policy of an Indian clerks’ desks in the Prothonotary Office, war was conducted within its portals, Is still plainly visible. The Senate occu- , and there Congress had to cope with pied the chamber on the second floor. the hostilities of Francg ana tnelr at¬ The fittings of this room are recorded tendant animosities at home. as having been much superior in style Within the same building were held to those in the room below, and the the inaugural ceremonies of Washington, mahogany table In front of the Presi¬ when installed President for the second dent’s seat 'was festooned with silk. In time, March 4, 1793. It was a beautiful 1795 a small gallery was built for the day, full of sunshine, and the good citi¬ use of spectators in the Senate chamber. zens of Philadelphia turned out en masse This remained until 1835, when it was to celebrate the event. There was the removed in order to conform the ap- apprentice boy in his homespun and the partment to the uses of a court room. fine lady In her silks and satins, while foreign representatives were there wear¬ IMPORTANT CONGRESSIONAL BUSI¬ ing their sparkling decorations. Con¬ NESS. gress Hall was the center of a surging It was in this historic building that the crowd and the object of paramount in- Constitution of the United States was practically put into running order. There Congress solved the problem of* the army and navy upon a footing. From there_the
SIJPHJEMB C nriRT met. • . fH 1
first, WasIIington insisting upon Vice-President taking the precedence which he was loath to do. A year later a scene took place in the House, that although not particularly pleasing to the recollection is interesting as a portion of history. This was a personal encounter between Roger Gris¬ wold, of Connecticut and Matthew1 Lyon, of Vermont, which gave rise to a cari¬ cature entitled, "The First Battle in Congress." Lyon and Griswold having had. words, the former spat in the lat¬ ter’s face. Although a committee recommended Mr. Lyon's expulsion, the House failed to sustain its action. Griswold, 'a few days later, attacked Lyons with a cane and a personal fracas followed. The motion for expulsion was then renewed, I and made applicable to both, but it fail- i ed to pass. ! THE DEATH OF WASHINGTON. ! Next in chronological order comes the i official announcement of the death of i Washington, in 1799. His death was re- : ported on the 19th of December and both houses adjourned. The next day John Marshall, afterward Chief Justice, confirmed the news from his seat in the House. "Our Washington is no more,” he said, “he lives only in his own great actions and in the hearts of an affectionate and afflicted people. More Old Entrance to Gallery in Senate Chamber. than any other individual and as much as to one individual was possible, has he contributed to found this our wide- spreading empire, and to give to the terest was the Father of ITls Country. western world its independence and its Newspaper life was different in those freedom " He then offered a resolution days from what it is now, and the ac¬ that the House wait on the President in count of the proceedings did not appear condolence: that the Speaker's chair he shrouded in black, and that the mem¬ until the following morning. The con¬ bers wear mourning. temporary report in the local journals That a committee in conjunction with is worthy of reproduction. one from the Senate be appointed to It reads: "Yesterday our beloved and consider on the most suitable manner of venerable George Washington came to paying honor to the memory of the the Senate chamber of Congress and man. first in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his country. The took the usual oath of office, which was last words in this resolution, after being administered to him by Judge Cushing amended so as to read "countrvmen " in the presence of an immense concourse were incorporated in General Henry T of his fellow citizens, members of both Lee’s celebrated oration over the dead houses of Congress of the United States Washington. Legislature and several foreign Minis¬ THE FUNERAL CEREMONIES. ters, Consuls, etc. There was likewise On the 2(3th of December following both an assemblage of ladles attending on houses met at Congress Hall to attend this solemn occasion and the day was the funeral ceremonies. The Society of extremely serene, for Providence has al¬ the Cincinnati and the military assembled at the State House and the funeral pro¬ ways smiled on the day of this man and cession then formed proceeded to Zion on the glorious cause which he has es¬ Church, where the bier with Washing¬ poused of Liberty and Equality. ton's hat and sword was placed in state “After taking the oath the President and the oration delivered. retired as he had come, without The streets were crowded with grief stricken citizens and, to use toe lan- pomp or ceremony, but on his departure ' guage of a contemporary report, "on no from the house the people could no occasion was toe sympathy of every in¬ longer restain obeying the genuine dic¬ dividual more strongly excited than on tates of their hearts, they saluted him this, the most awful and impressive with three cheers.” scene ever witnessed.” Congress Hall was slightly modified about 1816. The THE ADAMS INAUGURATION. entrance on Sixth Street Is thought to There, was another inaugural scene in have been then constructed and the In¬ the old building at Sixth and Chestnut, terior fitted up for the Supreme' Court when John Adams, the second President, of the State. The hall of Representa¬ assumed his oflicial duties in the House tives on the first door became tiife Dis¬ of Representatives March 4, 1797. Wash¬ trict Court of the city and coupty of ington was there seated on the right Philadelphia and has ever since been hand of the incoming President, who devoted to legal purposes. was flanked by Vice-President-elect Jef¬ If the building on the corner of Sixth ferson on the left. Many of the principal and CHestnor Streets is replete witn His¬ Inhabitants were present, and there was toric memories of national importance the usual gathering of official digni¬ that at Fifth and Chestnut is interwoven taries. Before taking the oath of of¬ particularly with the growth of municipal fice Adams delivered a speech, that Is government in Philadelphia, although it, remarkable; in that it . was reported the too, was devoted in part at one time to same afternoon in o postscript edition national purposes. The building was fin¬ of the local papers, an unheard of piece ished in the Fall of 1791 and was in¬ •of enterprise in those days. tended to furnish suitable apartments Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth admin¬ for the use of the Mayor, the P^ecorder, istered the oatli of office and then the the Board of Aldermen and the Common President bowed to the audience and re¬ Council. It is curious to note to:day that tired, followed by the Vice-President and the outgoing President. It was remark¬ ed that the latter had a friendly contest with Mr. Jefferson as to who should go \ . " | the necessary finds for Us erection were raised by a lottery. The drawing was It was occupied by the Secretary of under tfie authority of the Mayor and tne Province until the Stimmer of 1779, 12,500 tickets /Were prepared. Of these The second floor was granted to the 3687 were priie tickets ranging from $6 Philade'phia Library Company in 1739 to $3000, in the aggregate $50,000. and continued to be used by that ors-ani- As soon as the building was finished yiation until 1773. During the Revolution the large (Sack room on the second floor : the flags captured were displayed in this was given to the Supreme Court of the . mamber, and, the Supreme Court of the I i State occupied it after Congress left Phil- I United States, that held its first session ] adelphia. there Man day, February 7, 1791. John Jny presided as Chief Justice and [ STATE HOUSE ROW IS COMPLETED, j his associates were John Rutledge, Wil¬ In 1813 the arcades and staircases were liam Cashing, James V/ilson, John Blair removed and replaced bv two-storied and Jafnes Iredell. brick structures, thus completing State I LEGAL LUMINARIES SAT THERE. ‘ House Row and making it being nearlv John,- Rutledge and Oliver Ellsworth the same as it is at present. The build- also sat in this room as Chief Justices Ing of the Philosophical Societv on In¬ and Bushrod Washington, Samuel Chase, dependence Square, facing on Fifth iThomas Johnson, William Paterson and Street, was finished about 1787, being ] Alfred Moore sat there as associates. erected on a lot of ground given them Many a lawyer whose- name is treas¬ by the Legislature, March 28, 1785, the ured in the legal history of Philadelphia grantees being strictly restrained from appeared within those walls . There selling, transferring or even leasing it argued Lewis and Dallas, Ingersoll and, The lower floor of the building in* 1794 Tilghman, Rawle, Dexter and Hughes. was occupied by Peale, the artist, who The Supreme Court of the State used painted the heroes of the war. It was in to sit In the same chamber, while the his studio in this building that Washing- Mayor, Aldermen and Common Councils, ton sat for him, and from the same at that time sat as one body in the large studio came many of the portraits now ,back room on the first floor, adjoining Included in the Peale collection in Inde- :whlcb was the Mayor’s private office. 5ie^d1ni?? Frorn thls historic In 1796 an act was passed which created sketch it will be seen that the memories the Select Council and the eastern room clustering about the old State House row in the second-story was appropriated to are such as should protect them from the use of that body, which then con¬ destruction. Tnere are no buildings sisted of twelve members. In the_ world that have a more important The Common Council had twenty mem¬ place in the history’ of a nation and they bers and met in the opposite room to fr-tv.'JrlLque ln, re!j,tion their connection that used by the higher branch. When with the early days of the Republic the Supreme Court of the United States vacated the large room at the rear, their quarters w-ere given to Common IKE EE RYE THOSE LANDMARKS. Council and the eastern chamber to the Select branch. Tlie article which appears on Page COUNCILS ARE INCREASED IN 2S of to-day’s “Press” relating to the NUMBERS. historic buildings that form the State In 1854 when the consolidation of Phlla/- House block should be read by every delphia took place, the increased num¬ ber of members in both branches ren¬ Philadelphian and well pondered over. dered change of quarters necessary “The Press” has repeatedly called the and the second-floor of Independence attention of those interested in the his¬ Hall was remodelled for their accommo¬ dation. torical monuments in which the city is The Mayor continued to have his office so rich to the ominous clause in the at Fifth and Chestnut Streets, until Buildings Commission law which com¬ during the administration of Edwin H. ' Fitler, 1887-91, when the head of the mands the destruction of all tlie struc¬ Municipal Government moved into the tures in Independence Square save Inde¬ new City Hall. Since the time of John pendence Hall. It is not necessary to re¬ Barclay, who was Mayor in 1791, until Fltler’s administration, inclusive, thirty- peat the historic facts that make this eight Mayor’s sat at Fifth and Chestnut contemplated vandalism one of the Streets. The buildings connecting Independence worst that has ever confronted any Hall with the two houses just referred to American monument. The case speaks are not without their historic value. In for itself and what is now wanted is 1735 an eastern wing was added to the State House, being thirty feet away from such action by the people as to set the the main building and connected with it mark of condemnation once and for all by an arcade on Chestnut Street and on on the statute, so that it either shall the rear by a blank wall. This wing was of brick and two stories high, access be repealed, or, failing in that, the Com¬ to the second story being possible only mission will not dare to carry out the by means of a staircase through the ar- provisions of the law in the face of sade. The lower floor was divided Into | two rooms, assigned to the Register Gen¬ aroused public indignation. The bill eral, custodian of the original wills made which Senator Thomas has introduced ; in Philadelphia, and to the Recorder of in the Legislature looking to the amend¬ Deeds. In those good old days it had been the custom for the officer having ment of this foolish clause should be the custody of the papers of the prov¬ passed and every Philadelphia member ince to keep them at his own residency. should vote for it. ’ MANNERS OF PROVINCIAL OFFI¬ j Lest there seem to be an indifference CIALS. ; about this most important matter—and Both Register General and Recorder of [ unfortunately there is too often an in¬ Deeds objected to any Innovation in this ■, respect and protested against removing difference in matters which, being any¬ 3 their papers to the quarters provided body’s business, are nobody’s business— for their reception. They likewise com¬ it behooves those particularly interested plained at being forced to come to the office every day. Both, however, were in the preservation of the memories of summarily compelled to take possession. J:he early and glorious days of the Re¬ The western wing was finished in 1739, public to take some action. It would being built upon the same plan as that be most fitting that the women’s Lnatmtic societies^ the organizations of the mer^, Cincinnati, Sons of tlic Itevoiu- tion, and particularly the Historical So¬ NOW AND THEN. ciety of Pennsylvania should join “The Press” and tpke some action and let the people and the legislators know TWO VALUABLE LITERARY RELICS where they stand. Too often noth¬ COME TO THE SURFACE. ing is done until it is too late. Forewarned is forearmed. All who know anything about the old build¬ One Is the Pittsburg Directory for ings know the stupidity of 1S70 is re¬ sponsible for a 1 law that threatens j 1815—The Other a Kingston, J[. Y., them as well as a Commission that is i Newspaper Published inl800—Their apt to hesitate at nothing and considers Perusal Is Very Amusing — Some the opinion of the people of the least Funny Facts Culled for Readers of consequence in determining its action. the “Leader.” If the Historical Society will set the ball rolling and the legislators are once made fully aware as to what is con¬ Through the courtesy of Mr. C. W. templated there can be no question, Stevens, of Market street, the “Leader” is since this is a matter that concerns in possession of two very interesting pub¬ Pennsylvania as much as Philadelphia lications, around which cling many “sto- V.ries” which will never be told, since those and tiie Union as much as Pennsyl¬ who could tell them have long ago min¬ vania, that they will act accordingly. gled their ashes with their kindred dust As to the buildings themselves any in widely scattered graveyards. so-called “restoration” should be carried One of the relics referred to is a copy out only under the eye of historical ex¬ pf the Pittsburg directory for the year perts and as little done as is possible. 1815, a year memorable in Europe as that The four buildings that should be un¬ in which the memorable battle of Water¬ touched are the State House, Supreme loo was fought, and which helped so ma¬ terially to change the condition of Euro¬ Court building, Congress Hall and the pean affairs. The directory contains on¬ Philosophical Society’s building. Then ly 15S pages, and the book itself is much the old Sheriff’s offices and Common smaller than that of the ordinary size of ihurch prayer books. Its title page reads: Pleas Courts, while not possessing any ‘The Pittsburg directory for 1815; contain- Revolutionary or Colonial value, have a ng the names, professions and residences decided value in that they have formed of the heads of families and persons in ousiness in the borough of Pittsburg, with part of the mass of buildings in thit in appendix, containing a variety of use¬ generation, and while plain and unpre¬ ful information. Pittsburg. Printed for tentious are more or less harmonious Tames M. Riddle, compiler and publish¬ er.” connecting links. Those who come here The appendix referred to contains 62 from abroad and know nothing of the pages and starts out by giving the infor¬ relative merits of the various struc¬ mation that James Madison is President pf the United States with a salary of $25,- tures praise the ensemble asone of the 100. with John Gaillard,senator from South best and most artistic facades seen in Carolina, Vice President pro tem. The America. This is the judgment of one list of the principal government officials, who held power in that year, then fol¬ of the greatest artists of the time. It low. is fortunate indeed that with the pos¬ Simon Snyder, who is down as governor sible exception of the brick work that of Pennsylvania, his salary being quoted as $5,333, and the name of William Tilgh- immediately joins Congress Hall to the man is given as that of the chief justice Common Pleas Courts and the Supreme of the supreme court. Court building to the Sheriff’s offices Then follows a long rqil of the prothono- taries, registers, reoqrders and sheriffs of , the entire group has such a happy ef¬ the various counties in the state. Afnir 1 fect. Having such a row Philadelphia this come in order the civil officers of would be indeed recreant to the mem¬ legheny county, commissioners of taxes, justices of the peace, residing in Pitts¬ ories of the past to permit the destruc¬ burg, and officers of the corporation of tion which is called for in the law of the borough of Pittsburg. The postoffice establishment is then ta¬ 1S70. ken up, and the information is given that: ‘‘The eastern mail arrives on Sunday, Wednesday and Friday evenings, and I closes on Tuesday, Thursday and Satur¬ day at 8 o’clock A. M. The western mail arrives on Tuesday, Thursday and Satur¬ V-.C. day. and closes on Sunday at sunset From, and Wednesday and Friday a't 1 o’clock P. M. The office is kept open for an hour on Sunday, from 4 till 5 o'clock P. M. All business relative to 'the postoffice to be ♦ done at the Window. Letters must be left at the postoffiee within the time speci¬ fied to insure their going in the mail of the day. As there are several places of the same name in the United States, it is necessary that the directions Should be particular: the states should be distin¬ guished, and, where it might, otherwise be doubtful, the counties. Where letters are not. for a post-town, the nearest post-town >; %: ought to be mentionearr The rates of postage for single letters are then given. A few are quoted: For any distance not exceeding 40 miles, 12 cents. MIS CHARTER Over 40 and no’t exceeding 90 miles, 15 cents. Over 90 and not exceeding 150 miles, 18% cents. Over 150 and not exceeding 300 miles, 2514 OF LIBERTIES. cents. Over 300 and not exceeding 500 miles, 30 cents. Over 500 miles, 3714 cents. A Movement on Foot to Have Double letters, or those containing two pieces of paper, double these rates. Triple letters, or those composed of three the State Buy tlie His¬ pieces of paper, triple these rates. Each newspaper carried not exceeding toric Paper. 100 miles, or for any distance not being carried out of the state in which it is printed, 1% cents. If carried out of the state where it is printed, and over 100 miles, 214 cents. OFFERS FROM OTHER PLACES. The census of the United States for the year 1810 is given. In that year Pennsyl¬ vania is credited with only 809,772 of a population, while Pittsburg contributed in 1815 only 9,431 souls. In 1810 it is shown The Document in Question Was Sup' that Philadelphia beat New York City numerically, the former being credited posed for Many Years to Be a with 111,210 inhabitants, while the latter had only 96,372. Copy, but Is Now Believed Taxable inhabitants in Allegheny county in 1814 numbered only 5,518. Coming to taxes, it is found that the to Ba tlie Original. forefathers of this hamlet had to pay $1 per ton duty on pig iron; on mold candles of tallow or wax, other than white, 3 cents per pound; on bats and caps, 8 The original charter of liberties grant¬ per cent, ad valorem; on spirits where ed by William Penn to Pennsylvania la more than one still was employed, 20 cents about to be sold at auction and a move¬ per gallon on the quantity distilled, and so on down the list, showing in marked con¬ ment is under way to prevent this preci¬ trast the difference between “now and ous document from going out of the Chen.” State by having the Legislature pass The following, quoted from the intro¬ 1 a bill to purchase it. The charter has duction, is amusing when read by the been in the possession of Dr. Edward calcium light of the present day: “Three weekly newspapers, are published in the Maris, of this city, for two years. He borough, besides two periodical literary bought it in England, where It was works—the former have an extensive cir¬ offered for sale, and brought it here. culation—the latter are chiefly confined to Since Dr. Marls has decided to part the town and immediate vicinitv. The with it offers have been made for the public buildings, in addition ' to the historical document by Marshall Field, churches, are a court house, prothono- tary’s, register’s, sheriff's and commis¬ of Chicago, and by societies in Boston sioners’ office, a jail, three incorporated and Providence which are anxious to banks, a dramatic theater, Masonic hall, get possession of it. three market houses, one in the Dia¬ It is understood that if the State mond and two in Second street and on passes an appropriation to buy the char¬ Academy. Few places can boast of more ter, or if any intimation is made that useful improvements in manufactures and the mechanical arts than Pittsburg. such a step will be taken, Dr. Maoris It has been justly and emphatically will withdraw from public sale and al¬ styled ‘The Birmingham of America.* low the State to have it without corn- “A comparative view of the progress : petition. must indeed awaken admiration. Until The document Is in a splendid state of about 'the year 1798 its increase was not rapid—in the year 1815 we behold it rich preservation. It is perfectly legible, and flourishing, daily augmenting in even to the signatures of the thirteen manufactures and commerce.” witnesses on the back. It is made up Mr. James Lawler, an oid friend of Mr. of two large sheets of parchment about Stevens, is the owner of this directory the size of “The Press.” It is folded like and values it very highly, as a rich fund a legal document and the outside is of both instruction and amusement can be derived from it. Space forbids any begrimed with the dust of 213 years. comment on the other relic, which is a That 13 the only portion soiled, and even copy of the Ulster county “Gazette,” nub- . that is pot sufficiently changed by hand¬ lished at Kingston, N. Y., January 4, 1800 ling to obliterate the writing on it, Its amusing features will be reported which is “25 April, 1682, Wm. Penn’s ___ __. _ I Charter of Liberties for Pennsylvania.” I A huge seal, inclosed for protection in a metal box, dangles from the red tape on the document. This tape forms a From,.. diamond on the paper inclosing the fa¬ miliar autograph of William Penn. WAS THOUGHT A DUPLICATE. 1 For many years it was supposed that srrcirsnniTrTrtnrnnYrtrq emrsm iimirme cb 1 ots of children’s dresses and boys' suits, and butter Is 15 cents a quart when sold In a even floating in the breeze above the County jellied state; when it is allowed to harden Court House and festooning the front of the by age it is cut down in slices and sold by national Post OtUceV-everywhere was to lie the pound at a much higher rate, being con¬ seen those three colors, as though an insur¬ sidered a great side delieacv. rection had taken place and the entire com¬ munity had renounced their former alle¬ Easton is an extensive fishing town. giance and were pledging their faith and loy¬ Strings of live fish, scarcely three hours out alty to a new sovereign, whose standard of of the water and still shining in their nat¬ colors was being universally accepted and ural colors, are displayed in strings and on honored. linen covers. They are mostly caught in A FESTIVAL WEEK. I nets, and the fishmonger can be seen long only bet on rim07 and since tile taw allows And a change of government had taken them no remedy for those who “welsh” place, for on Monday evening, April 15, them, the ring has dwindled to very minute with picturesque ceremonies, the regular proportions. form of city government was formally ous¬ ted from power and, amid the plaudits of It is a custom at the Theatre Franeaise the multitude, the sovereignty of the city to allow members of the company who have transferred for one week to her Royal High¬ accomplished a period of a quarter of a cen¬ ness, the Queen of La Fiesta de Los Angeles tury on the boards of the House of Moliere, (the Festival of tiie Angels). to retire on a pension. The great actor It is difficult for a native Philadelphia!) /Who made his final bow to the public at the to realize how complete was the surrender beginning of the week has remained faith¬ to mirth and jollity during this festival ful to the great home of the French clas¬ week. I called upon a large fruit packer sics during four and forty years. Edmond who Informed me that his entire force had simply “quit” and he had no expectation of Got has been an actor at the Theatre Fran- seeing them again until the following week. cais for exactly half a century. During the Day and night the festivities went on. Tues¬ first six years he was only a penslonnaire. day the ceremony began with the reception an ordinary member of the troupe. For the 11, ,1 / ''. ..-r T.'J—rioctq ■> ...I—thp ruviple- latter forty-four lie was a socletalre, which prices to correspond very nearly with those entitled him to a higher salary, a share in of Philadelphia markets, the difference be¬ the profits, and a word in the management ing made up in the greater quantity of the of the house. Got Is 7.’1 years of age; he was farmers’ article sold at the same price. married but a year ago. His artistic career Large bundles of rhubarb, trimmed and has been one of the most remarkable among scraped, came at S cents;.choice asparagus, actors of the present century. He did not weighing over two pounds to the bundle acquire his reputation as most of his col-, and green to the stem, was 25 cents; all¬ leagues of the classic home in the interpre¬ delion leaves, labeled 5 cents a head, and tation of Moliere, Corneille or Racine. But red radishes came at 10 cents a pint. Dan¬ he was fortunate enough to live at the same delion leaves, labelled 5 cents a quart, were time as Emile Angler, whose temperament piled up liberally to an Overflowing quantity. as a dramatic author fitted the talent of the The dandelion leaf is widely eaten there in¬ comedian like a glove. If, at times, he en¬ stead of spinach, and is cooked in a peculiar acted certain parts in the comedies of Mo- manner, with a combination of sugar and vinegar that strikes the palate of the un¬ initiated with a rather doubtful relish. Another great staple is cottage cheese, sold at 5 cents a quart bowl, and known by no other name than smear case. Rich apple- girl WITH A SIDEWALK DISPLAY, EASTON. DUNKER r 1 ,r 11 towns with marketing, and also ships oys¬ |tlie front, throwing an uncertain ray over ters and fish from Baltimore for its own the road before them. In the full market use and for outside boroughs. season the main roads leading to Lancaster In tile year 1812 the first bridge to cross are dotted with moving lights, perceptible the Susquehanna river opened up the vast jfor several miles in faint glimmerings across resources of the beautiful Cumberland Val¬ the intervening fields. The farmers who ley, and since that time the opposite side filter the city in this manner or who com- | of the river has contributed its bounty to iuence their journey from home the evening i Dauphin county. Previous to the building before market day on account of the great of the bridge, the farmers who crossed with distance to he traversed, are divided in j their wares were ferried over in low, broad their opinions of economy, some of them j scows, rowing part of the way anu using sleeping in their wagons over night us soon . poles where the water was shallow. Harris¬ as they have arrived and others stopping at. burg originally had a shad market, in ad¬ the best hotels in town. The fact that a dition to which a large area of the surround¬ farmer is rich has nothing to do with the ing street was occupied by the farmers' question of where lie shall stop, and one is ! wagons. At the present time the open quite as likely to find the well-to-do tiller of space still remains, one side facing the the sol! snugly reposing in his wagon, while ; town and the other looking out through the his poorer neighbor goes to a hotel. When vista of the toll-bridge. Three spacious j the fanner Is sleeping in his wagon, his market houses, more or less modern in ap¬ presence is generally made known by a deep, pointments and distributed over the city hoarse sound of snoring that issues from be¬ for the accommodation of its several sec¬ hind the screen he has erected in front of tions, provide an ample place of sale for ills seat. IIow the farmer and his truck the almost endless train of farmers who take manage to occupy the same space at the the place by storm two days in the week. same time is one of the unsolvable problems These houses all have, different regulations of physios, very likely arrived at by some of hours suited to the class of people who clever contrivance of his own in the shape patronize them. One is open only between of board shelving, covered with blankets. the hours of four and eight in the morning, Long before daylight the market part of another from four until noon and one from the city is awake and stirring. Here and four until ten P. M. A number of farmers there a broad-brim hat peeps out from in Harrisburg Individually supply hotels behind the screen, and a pair of boots—the with truck the year around by contract, same make—come shooting forth into the bringing in fresh vegetables and fruits daily !morning air. Hotel doors begin to open and during the summer. The green grocer is other farmers, accompanied by their wives, at a discount here, as in Reading, and all mysteriously take their places In front of second selling of marketings passes through the wagons that have been standing In the the hands of large dealers, who receive and j street for several hours unguarded and un¬ forward car-load consignments for the molested. Before the late prowler of the neighboring communities. night has time to realize that it is morning, the booths and stands of the farmer an¬ The largest market city in the State is nounce the fact with a startling suddenness, I.ancaster. where an average number of five 'like some heterogenous plant that has sprung hundred farmers swarm into the town on into bloom ail at once. With very little Wednesdays and Saturdays,filling four large noise, and in less time than it takes to tell market houses, clustering around the Cen¬ it, the little black wagons have suddenly tre Square and overrunning the adjacent disgorged their contents on the sidewalk on streets. Lancaster is composed of two dis¬ benches, on trestles, on boxes and on any¬ tinct classes, a modern population and an thing that has legs or stands—and the mar- [ old-time population, who cling to past cus¬ ket has begun. toms with an unyielding tenaciousness. This A few stragglers first make their appear¬ latter class Is aided and abetted in the pres¬ ance with baskets of a size that almost rival ervation of past dignities by the broad- the Ephrata prodigy, which is so large that brimmed and smooth-shaven Mennonite far- It could never he gotten out of the house mers, whose grave countenances reflect a no where it was made. A peculiarity of the less important responsibility than the back¬ marketing in all the large towns is the enor- j ing up of their mud-bespattered wagons or mous size of the baskets. Anything holding of setting the price on beets and carrots. under half a bushel is considered unworthy It is this same farmer, wearing boots of his the name of basket. Half an hour from own make (curiosities of shoe architecture), the time when the first solitary figure has drudging six days in the week and otherwise made Its way along the silent street toward toiling for his daily bread, who has placed the market the whole town is awake to the fact that it is getting light, rubs its sleepy upward of fifteen million dollars In the eyes, takes a basket and sallies forth like¬ banks and saving funds of the city and wise. county. Nowhere more truly is the axiom No sooner is the day’s marketing set forth of “slow but sure” exemplified than in the than, by the following out of a long-stand¬ farmer of this quarter of the country, whose ing custom of setting an exchange price on rich acres have been acquired under the di¬ all their wares, the farmers wTho carry the rect aggregation of his paltry sales. same lines of truck tacitly come together The suburbs and market streets of Lan¬ to set the prices for the day. This is done in caster present a sight of silent industry a oiiiet. systematic, wav without anv show7 from midnight until four or five in the morii- of rivalry or spirit of underselling. One farmer approaches another as If the two had been entire strangers, although they roads that converge to the town, for a ra¬ may have been occupying their respective dius of twenty miles, the great black-cov¬ places for twenty years, and the price of ered wagons of the farmer come plodding eggs at so much a dozen or of chickens by up hill and racing down dale in the pitch the piece is arranged with the provoking de- dark of night, with a shaky lantern tied to llberation of an insurance adjuster. The in- I I hain't got i now, nohow.” your money, el Lawd, Mist’ Jim, h( one dollar. IX it against your ‘Go ahead!” sail, hit was dls “I was drest up best kid gloves an close, an’ I walked at Snowhill an’ I heli de yarth on myi echoed the lauj dey all stop a nebba tuck notlc* an' I lights my a seegar; I can’t <3 seegar. Yah! Yah!” your seegar.” sah, I lighted the action to the u my mouf like dis.” in ills mouth at an his eyes, raised his ‘‘Den I begun to ’ and Single my mono gun to amble back ai w space with a strut THE STREET OF WAGONS, LANCASTER, IN THE a peacock hide its he evitable wife markets, where the clanEmg^i^veigh'rs anu factor in the business of "nxing the shifting of boxes lends to the confusion The Mennonite lady is almost proverbially of a cramped space. The butchers use a the man of the day, nodding serenely be¬ peculiar contrivance in lieu of a stall, con¬ neath her large black sunbonnet, or shaking sisting of an ordinary counter fastened per¬ her head in a decided dissent to knocking off manently across two old-fashioned, spindle- a cent or two to some haggling customer. legged meat blocks, with one-half of eacii block left extending beyond the top piece. The Mcnnonites and Amish are the most The farmers’ stalls are on the same princi¬ largely represented in Lancaster. The first ple. A built-up counter is a rare thing, its is beardless, buttoned and broad-brimmed; place usually being taken by plain boards dressed in gray and shy of strangers. His resting on slender trestles and covered with cousin, the Amish, is like him in respect to white linen. an aversion for strangers, but is contrnrlly bearded and buttonless. The Amish are a It is said that farmers will sell anything more select and clannish set than any other that grows, a statement that is almost members of the Pennsylvania family, and proven by the small quantity of any one will readily relieve any of their own class article that he will offer for sale. If lie has that are in trouble or distress. Most of the been all the winter raising half a dozen Amish, instead of paying a moderate rent tomatoes under glass those six vegetables for a stipulated space of street and sidewalk, will be carefully set forth in display In a prefer to secure the better accommodation ' pint box. flanked by his other'wares.. Jot¬ of the market house at a slightly greater tings of the contents of several of the cost. The Amish men wear their beards to smaller stands revealed the following aston¬ a full length, their hair hanging down over ishing catalogue of small articles that the the collar, where it is cut off straight farmer was willing to bring in and that he around close to the shoulders. In spite of almost invariably disposes of. One stall— his exact dealings there is a poetic dignity a basket and a board laid on the sidewalk- underlying the strong lines of his face that contained about three dozen eggs and two distinguishes him from his uncouth sui* quarts of dried corn, partly shelied and roundings. partly on the cob. Another stall—a live The interior of the Lancaster markets Is duck and a chicken tied together, a bunch nearly identical with an ordinary market in of rhubarb and some home-made cigars. a large city. The difference is that the aisles One woman stood patiently beside a gallon arc almost twice as wide and twice as clean, can containing smear case, with a small and an unusual stillness pervades the whole tray of candy resting alongside of it. People building that is not to be found in city of this class own or rent small farms a couple of acres in extent and come into tONVM as v-’.ci.-rs "'ll i;i>!' 1! :;uV farmers, and friends and put a iffeiriiT tier pTahr gbwn. usua.ly jt is a woman who' has charge of 1 The local photograph galleries have recorded such an establishment. The regular farmer ! from time to time wltfi astonishment the I «,!!n'er’ Wl11 not scruPle to bring in 8llcI| ! small commodities as these. Among ample event.of an Amish family coming to sit for j "agon loads of butter, eggs and chickens a portrait group; but even at the moment of ! yielding to the Inclination of having his ] ’"e.re b,,nohps of pansies and lilac bouehs and a goodly show of vegetables was made features perpetuated on glass the farmer ridiculous hy the presence orSSine' small generally spoils the picture by an expres¬ packages of herbs done up neatly and laid sion of sturdy contempt. to one side on another farmer’s stall. The Lancaster is the richest agricultural county pharmacopoeia ,>f the farmer is his stock of the State on account of Its Great Valley of herbs jlml roots and these he brings In I limestone lands. Before the era of railways regularlyJ tied up like bundles of lamp¬ Lancaster made Philadelphia’s markets the lighters. All of his simples are very spe- cheapest and most luxurious in the world.-, oilic. but sneli as they are he wishes to It was on this limestone spread, which has S share their virtues with' the outside world. proven of inexhaustible fertility, that the I riio livvliost part of Lancaster's market Germans of the first immigration settled. s near the < ourt House steps, at the corner The plain of Lancaster spreads west across _ , "bo hod Queen streets, where several the Susquehanna rivet* Ifltb1' York county tat legated awnings and flower stands give and east into Chester and Berks counties to to the sidewalk tile appearance of the booth within twenty miles of Philadelphia. The section of, a country fair grounds. The side- whole plain swarms with life, and scarcely walk of the central square, where the great an eighth of a mile can lie traversed in any soldiers j lul sailors’ monument stands, has direction on which a farm house does not become 1 *ss and less popular and is now take up its site. eompnrat 'el.y barren on the busiest market days. Oi; p side of it is devoted mainly to Williamsport, the county seat of Lycoin- ^ frultereri who get their stock by freight; Ing county, chiefly owes its importance to tne other contains a sprinkling of farmers, its large lumber industry, but is otherwise v\ho sell nay and straw by the wagon load. interesting from the fact that it is one of I he selling of small trees is also carried on the smaller towns still preserving, on a here. The trees are saplings of about ten small scale, the street system of marketing. feet in length and they are dug up by the It Is situated in the valley of the west roots with great labor and brought into the branch of the Susquehanna river, amid the market hound lengthwise on wagons. Wil¬ hills of the Allegheny plateau, and is en¬ lows, poplars and maples are the varieties tered by four railway lines that amply sup¬ most in demand and are used for shade pur¬ ply the demand for local provisions and poses anil the absorption of water by those the fruit supply from the seaboard cities of ulio buy and replant them. Many fruit the Atlantic. The heal.thfulncss of its cli¬ trees figure also in the list. mate and the beauty of the surrounding Most of the articles of consumption as ' country have made it a popular summer re- brought In by the farmers of to-day were ! f.ort ic rpcent years, a circumstance very produced a hundred years ago by their likely owing in part to the fresh and abun¬ grandfather*. There is in ' reality dant fruits obtainable there throughput the ■ flight difference between the lines of truck summer from the nearby farm lands. The carried by city markets and those offered city itself is somewhat irregularly laid out. -or sale by local farmers. The identical and the streets were a short time ago mainly varieties of vegetables are handled by both, unpaved. This has all been changed, how- but the country marketman sells his stuff , ever, through recent ordinances, and the en¬ at about oue-tliird lower than the farmer or terprise of the late Peter Herdic, who gave dealer who has a metropolitan stand the city its fiirst-paved streets. The Central Market is. a monstrous affair aud provides A custom that still remains in many of the everything a housekeeper seeks. The Ger- sects, both in Heading and in Lancaster, is ,. man element is largely dominant in this com- . the buying in large quantities of all the nec¬ merce of home supplies, and from the Loyal- essaries in hardware and dry goods, bv a , sock and Pine Creek country, in conjunc¬ committee of farmers and their wives ‘ap¬ tion with the Xittany and Penn’s Valley pointed for that work. If, for Instance, an there is nothing lo be desired that Lyeomin~ Amish farmer wants twenty-five vnrds of cannot supply. Williamsport is a thrifty” nen and ten pounds of nails, he hands his prosperous and public-spirited city, and iii list to the Amish committee of his district nothing more so than in its market's. and the bin-chase is made at wholesale along with a lot of goods similarly ordered. The The settlement of York dates from the committee is generally composed of farmers year 1741. but it was not until forty-four from away back, but who are nevertheless years later that the borough could'boast keen aqd experienced in determining the an enclosed market house. The most inter- qualltj j>f the goods they are buying. None i esting fact connected with this market is hut the best stores are resorted to, and it i» that it purveyed to the first Continental Congress during its session there between by the patronage of these farmers that the 1777 and 177S. Although it at one time sunk reputations of the larger business places are established. into a small community of slow increase this heroic record remains to the town, tliat That (he older customs are being shaken its farmers once entered to the tastes of the by time, and associations is proven bv the country's first legislators, who, with their decline of this practice. A disposition is necessary train of followers and the extra -uiajlifegted on the nart of the younger Ami=,i, and MenuODltes to mingle with The town concourse that as a matter of course "fol¬ population. Market day is also a day for lows such bodies, must have afforded a har¬ the exchange of news and gossip among the vest for the truckers of the district. It" is farmers, and It is slowly acquiring the char¬ no depreciation of the Continental Congress acter of a gala day to the younger genera¬ to make them subservient to York's reputa¬ tion as a market town, but we are neces. tion who come in with their parents. It may not be long before the Amish girl, with Isarily led to believe that the times offered ,her pointed black cap hanging down back /living more wholesome if plainer than that "d front to the waist, will cultivate city 'of to-day, and law-makers as.. a_jcla&s__are ■ .__ nowhere recorded ns being abstemious in the "year 1850, when the farmer forsook' their dieting. streets for the sheltered houses, which un¬ Jn 1775 John and Richard l’enn granted derwent considerable improvement from charters to market houses that were erected time to time. The Farmers’ Market, at the oil or near that date on the square at Mar¬ corner of Penn and Market streets, was ket and George streets. The grant of priv¬ built in l.SGG and has since been Twice euT ilege states that York’s inhabitants “were larged to hold the farmers that have gradu-j become so numerous that it was necessary ally increased to keep pace with the grov.’J to have established within the said town of ' ing population. It is the largest and mosti York a public market for the better supply¬ 5 complete market house in the town aiid is ing and accommodating them with good, open two days in the week in accordance) wholesome provisions.” Therefore, "upon to tlie wording of the first grant. Next ini THE OLD MARKET IN YORK. From Gibson's History of York County. size to it is the York City Market, with-, the bumble request of the inhabitants of out exception, the most ornate market ini York,” the grant “ordains that they and Pennsylvania. It is built of brick, fauci-t their successors shall and may forever fully decorated with queer tiling and odd! thereafter hold and keep within the town corbeils supporting the cornice of the roof. in every week in the year, two market days, Log cabins, once temporarily used for mar¬ one on Wednesday and one on Saturday, in ket shelter, originally stood on the site now such commodious place or places as is, shall occupied by this bnildljg. I 'Vm or may be appointed for that purpose." In Dating from 1705 and closely connected order that the rules and regulations of the with the annals of York’s markets were the market might be in conformity with the celebrated series of York fairs, instituted sentiments of the precise citizens of York, for tlie benefit of farmers and the mercan¬ a clerk was appointed to “have the assize tile population in general. For majiy years of bread, wine, beer and other things, with the fair proved a catclijpenny and annual all powers, privileges and immunities be¬ benefit to the farmers, who made enormous longing to such office. What the "assize” sali-s there during the two weeks of its pro¬ anil “Immunities” were is not stated. It is gress. In later years tlie character of the probable that flip former came under the fair became changed by the influence of the Blaekstone definition of a court or the sit¬ mountebanks, who made it a resort for ting of a court, hold informally, witli the fleecing the innocent countrymen whom they said clerk of the markets acting as judge. had crowded out and it gradually acquired The duty of the clerk was to make and en- a reputation that entirely destroyed the force statutes regulating the weight, mens- ! commercial element for which it had been uro and price of articles sold in the markets, created. On one occasion a man who had and to punish offenders who violated these j been subjected to some snch persecution ns rules. It is to be hoped that his immunities | the amiable Snncha I’anza. of blanket-tossed) did not embrace any equivalent to hush 1 fame, was killed outright, and the Legisla money in the shape of a portly cheese or turc caused the discontinuance of the fair. ham, given by sonic trembling infringer of The law abolishing it was repealed in 1816, the regulations as an inducement to direct but it was a numberof years later before the the eye of justice toward another quarter act was put into comple e effect. York is, | In IS42 a new market house was built and at present one of the feu towns where the r i this is now standing and in active use. Open air of bygone days still bangs around thp :: air markets were held curbing and brick and mortar of its market jl It houses. SETTING THE FRICES FOR THE DAY, T An article on markets is scarcely complete very destructive insect, about the size of without mention of some of the freaks and a .Tune bug, and its larvae live at the base | prodigies of the vegetable kingdom that of wheat stalks. Long after it was known have come under the notice of those who' that the German mercenaries had not I were most likely to record examples of such brought them over, the name remained as a a character. As a State under the influence relic of the patriot hatred of that body of ot a temperate climate, Pennsylvania nec¬ soldiers. essarily led the line of societies and insti¬ tutions for the promulgation of agricul- Wilkesbarre always seems to have held a turaI ideas. Societies large and small in all high position in the production of articles parts of the State operated singly, but with of a large size, for the Philadelphia Agri¬ a common end, for the improvement of farm cultural Society again records as some of implements and products. Wilkesbarre to¬ its exploits, the raising of a 45-pound beet day under the dominating influence of’ the and a 120-pound pumpkin, while pears from green grocer, can, with present mortifica¬ fifteen to twenty ounces were common under tion, look back at the time when a member unusual conditions. An egg eleven inches of her community was awarded first nrize long, laid by an ordinary goose, is men¬ by the Philadelphia Agricultural Society for tioned in an old report, but the recording the best essay on the "Hessian Fly and secretary lias dwelt solely on the propor¬ How to Prevent Its Ravages.” The Hes- tions of the egg itself, entirely ignoring the slan fly was so called from the erroneous goose that laid it. belief that it was brought over by the Hes¬ The Conestoga wagon, said to have had its sian troops during the Revolution It is a ' oiigin in Lancaster, is closely interwoven with the ITTsFoiy 6T'TSTIkeSBarre. Vhe Co~ titles, because of Lake Erie directly to the nestogn was a modified prairie wagon, with north, the results of a slnirt catch commonly broad wheels and a loose covering stretched being so large that the load is divided'be¬ over curved uprights. It Was -generally tween two men. Fishermen marching up pulled by four horses, and sometimes had State street stagger under the heavy bur¬ the addition of a leader in had weather. dens, which are suspended from poles car¬ The farmer's horse of to-day has degener¬ ried over their shoulders. The weight of ated into an animal very much resembling these burdens is often between two and a camel in respect to the size of its hoofs, three hundred pounds and represents a large but in the time of the Conestoga, fine draught] variety, including lake bass, muscalong, horses, with long manes and flowing tails,] white fish, pickerel, perch and others, all at clattered briskly over the city streets after reasonable prices. The markets are simple a trot of thirty miles from up the country.1 curbstone affairs, the backs of the wagons Canal transportation was largely resorted! facing the public square. Erie is well laid to in combination with heavy wagon out and scrupulously clean, owiug to the draughting. Farmers who had spent a couple) law compelling merchants to sweep to the of days in the city carried back salt, sugar middle of the street in front of their stores, and molasses in large quantities to the re-) where the piles of rubbish are taken awav mote mountain districtsT^'hereThe railroad by the city. had not yet made its appearance. Erie is also noted for its private vine¬ Lebanon markets are remarkably similar yards and the uniform excellence of the to Reading, and, like this latter city, it grapes that are produced hard by. The too, has given up its out-of-door system. vintage yields large quantities of fine-flav- Lebanon is chiefly known for its sausage ly.'Te. that is eurefullv stored awav in and scrappel manufactory. The varieties the cellars of the residents to age. It is said of sausage that abound here would puzzle to almost equal old Madeira. This is es¬ a German victnaler to enumerate. There is pecially true of North East and the country every kind, from soft, small sausages in adjoining. links, to large hard sausages in huge bal- Iloons; sausages heavy and light, thick and Philadelphia iSk pre-eminently a city of (thin; sausages green, red, yellow and pur- j markets. The number of market houses (pie, stuffed into great veined Jackets and al- for the sale of vegetable truck amounts to ' most bursting forth from thin transparent nearly forty, but the newly-built portion of j coverings; festooned, scraped and coiled the city at Its northwestern extremity is jup in every conceivable manner on the stalls, unhappily becoming dependent on the cor¬ [where the smiling farmers’ wives weigh ner grocery, a habit encouraged by builders and cut them off to customers. In terminating rows of houses with stores. Lebanon is distinctively a manufacturing The entire number of farmers doing busi¬ borough, and its principal Industry relating ness in market houses is not statistically to agriculture is the manufacture of cigars available, but it is probably in the vicinity from the native tobacco leaf. It is cele- j if ten thousand, counting the stall capacity brated for its apples and its fine wheat. The if the whole city to be eight thousand. The market houses are ample, but not elegant, term “Farmers’ Market” has been applied and are in proportion to the demands of a to a number of buildings, with the name mixed mercantile and laboring population. Its great iron industry and Cornwall ore of the street on which they stand pro- I hills are, however, wonders not met with fixed as a distinguishing title. The Ridge .elsewhere. Avenue Farmers’ Market, nt Eighteeutlit and Ridge avenue, is one of the old remain- j Allentown, since the failure of its iron in¬ ing markets frequented by genuine farm- j dustry fifteen years ago, an industry said ers, who come twice a week. A separation I' to have furnished a tenth of the whole iron Is made in the market houses between the (manufacture of the United States at one farmer and the vegetable dealer, the latter j time, has become a semi-agricultural city. having the privilege of occupying his stall I Situated on a height on the west bank of all day. The farmers come in Tuesday and 1 the Lehigh river, flanked by the Jordan and Friday afternoons, setting their goods out I- Spittle Lehigh, and having at hand all the foi sale that night. In the morning they i rich area of the Lehigh country, with the are allowed to remain until 1 o’clock, when j (Salisbury, Lowhill, Whitehall and Emails on the ringing of the bell, they are ex- I sections to draw from there need be little pected to have everything cleared away from I speculation as to the causes that have their stalls and put in their wagons. As brought about a complete market system in they pay less than the dealer their privi¬ this well-built town. The appointments of leges are limited, but the majority of the I the market houses equal the equipment of the farmers sell out almost completely on the I magnificent silk mills whose looms support first evening of opening up, and some of a large part of the population; and their sys¬ them start for home at 10 o’clock the same tematic regulations and cleanliness entitle night. The Pennsylvania farmers resorting ! them to occupy the same level of import¬ to Philadelphia markets are a sort of Dun- | ance as the Court House and the different kard, smooth-sliaving, wearing the stiff felt | educational institutions in the city. Curb-j hat and clad in the short jacket. They are j stone marketing in Allentown was.not abol¬ a liable when approached by purchasers, but ished from Centre Square until 1878, when have little to say outside their stalls. They the great Central Market was established on put up at convenient places where stabling the west side of Seventh street. Most of and wagon room is furnished. Most of the the inhabitants are of German descent, and wagons are of the modern truck-hauling the German language is commonly used along type, light, strong and covered with glazed with English in the newspapers, courts and oilcloth. In winter the inside is generally stores; and unless one is well versed In the eoi ered with a thatch of fresh straw to pre¬ dialect, it Is difficult to understand the tran¬ serve the vegetables from frost. Nearly all sactions that are taking place at the stalls of these farmers come in over the old Ridge of the farmers. Road, some over the Baltimore pike and ^ Erie has the greatest fish market of the others through the northeastern part of the Stare, for which it has long been famous. city suburbs, down the York Road. The old Iii no other Pennsylvania city are the finny Ridge road is a route that has steadily de¬ tribe regularly netted in such large quan- creased in importance and will doubtless *■«»* >nto <1l*n*e rop^raarkot transportation Front and Market streets, then called High at no very late date. New Jersey also street. Ten years Inter, under the direction sends some of her truck over by the indi¬ of Deputy Governor Markham, this building vidual farmer, but he is rare in up-town was removed one square west to Second markets. He can be told at a glance from street, and a bell enclosed in a latticed the Pennsylvania farmer by his straw hat, tower was provided to announce the opening checkered shirt and the cut of his beard. and closing of the market hours. In sum¬ In 16S3, one year after Penn came to mer the bell rang for the opening between " ~*"'n the first market was opened at 6 and 7; In winter between 8 and !), and no sales were allowed before this hour except Dock Street Market used to receive all to the Governor and Lieutenant Governor. the Southern fruit, but was forced to re¬ The market days were Wednesdays and linquish that trade at the demand for West¬ Saturdays. ern localities that has become general in all A very striet code of rules governed the business enterprises. Dock Street Market movements of the market people. Anything is an old brick structure with a sort of brought to the city was to be sold at the hood or arched shed extending across the market and nowhere else under penalty of narrow strflfit between its two sections. The forfeiture of stock in hand, and the pre¬ main street leading to it. composed of sev¬ scribed articles that could be seized in¬ eral streets merged into one wide thorough¬ cluded ‘‘fish, flesh, tame fowl, butter, herbs, fare, is the greatest market site in Philadel¬ cheese, roots and fruit.” Farmers were for¬ phia. It extends from the Maritime Ex¬ bidden to buy or price things on the way to change to Delaware avenue. It is here that market, and hucksters who had a license for the wholesale fruit houses are situated. vending could not make their purchase until Bunches of bananas brought in by the the market had been opened two hours. The tramp banana steamer that discharges its cargo in boats in mid-river, are seen hanging! market clerk received half of all forfeitures, from beams in those dark places called with six pence a head for all slaughtered cat¬ stores. Bags of cocoanuts piled up on drays tle. two pence for each lamb or calf, and and draught wagons are dumped everywhere three pence for each pig, but he received nothing for meats that were slaughtered by } over the sidewalks. Barrels, boxes, crates the farmer before starting out. He was also ’ and bags jostle and roll around in a Babel allowed a penny for sealing every weight. ! of confusion strictly their own, never hurt¬ In 1710 a Court House was built on .Market ing anybody, but almost doing it a hundred street, between Second and Third streets, I times a day. Fish by the hundreds of the lower story of which was used for mar¬ pounds, stowed away in ice, with bag sack¬ ket purposes. It was a heavy structure, sup¬ ing placed over them are duly fumbled by ported in front by thick brick columns and the “cattish woman” with her tray on her surmounted by the customary cupola. Tolit- ' head on a pad, and her scales in one hand. ioal speeches and addresses were made from Amidst all this confusion of pineapples and its steps to the passers-by on market morn¬ potatoes, delicate* small fruits and barrels ing. The custom of combining a building of oysters, the Jersey farmer unloads his intended for a market with some other trade I schooner and brings out his crates of straw¬ or manufacture has continued to the present, berries for the dealer to pick over, putting anil took its impetus from the demolition of the large ones on top and the small below— the sheds in 1851, on the complaint of the and going to church the next day—and mak¬ business men of the city that they were an ing live boxes out of four. It can be seen obstruction to traffic. Forty-nine of these at any time, and there need be no hearsay, , old sheds had their existence one time in for they will tell you so themselves, but I Philadelphia, of which the Second Street they claim to ask less for the picked-over J Market, extending from South, to Pine boxes than for the boxes that come direct j I streets, on Second, is the last. For three from the Ilancocas creek or any other Jer¬ I generations the old building has been re- sey creek without handling, ( plenishing exhausted humanity, until it in the height of the watermelon season, looks sadly in need of invigorating itself. piles twenty feet high and sometimes higher Very shaky it is, with a forlorn aspect of can be seen on the edge of the curb in the departed state, even to the cupola bell- street, with a large canvas spread over them tower, whose boll has long been silent. In- to keep off the rain, and also the small boys. terlorily it looks like the lower deck of an Cantaloupes and cabbages are stacked the old battle hulk, with the light streaming same way, like cannon balls, but being more down aslant the openings like the light com¬ delicate than watermelons do not admit of ing into the. square ports of the revolutionary being piled so high. All the up town deal¬ frigates. There is a vague smell of de¬ ers, store Men, marketmen and hucksters cayed timber about it, with a suggestion of purchase here at prices and qualities that sprouting vegetables that have long lain range from the slum trade to suiting the hidden under boards, and an intimation of butler of an aristocratic family. Between I rats peeping from behind corners with a the deafening clatter of wagon wheels and j wary and half-starved aspect. The replacing the slimy mud of the streets, it is a miracle of the Second Street Market is a question of that the city can ever refresh itselr with a individual enterprise. The foreign element clean or uubruised piece of fruit. I of the neighborhood has done much to in- Steamers' stewards, known by their gold- j .jure serious market trade by the occupancy laced caps and smart jackets, are seen I of small stores carrying a miscellaneous quietly going the rounds of the stores with stock of greens. a small tablet and pencil, making out the last lists of fresh vegetables to begin the Shortly before the removal of the market cruise with. There is another kind of sheds the Broad Street Market was built ship’s steward who loves the market quar¬ and opened, but its patronage was slim be¬ ter of Dock street after a long cruise, and cause the people preferred the old-fashioned that is Mr. Ebenezer Johnson, colored cook sheds from mere attachment, and it was of the Mary Anne, forty days from Deme- later on converted into the West Chester rara, laden with sugar. He is almost al¬ station. The Reading Terminal Market, oc¬ ways seen contemplating a coop of chick¬ cupying the site of the Twelfth Street Mar- ens, and he generally carries a couple off to i ket, and the West Philadelphia Market, at his galley behind the foremast, where he Thirty-second street, are the two largest makes short work of them. houses in the city. The latter is the great What Philadelphia's market future is to shipping point of Southern fruits, and is the be is a matter of speculation, and it will terminus for the three-day train from Jack- have to be the progress of the community loaded with oranges. as a whole that shall decide either in the positive or negative for a fresh fruit and vegetable supply direct from the farmer. The number of people supplied by one mar-' five, but notwithstanding the fact the Penn¬ ket- of :i large city always exemfS tlie num¬ sylvania German farmer Is sure lo come ber of people supplied by any one market under the influence of outside methods, and in a large town. Lancaster's markets each consequently to improve his lands and their supply 12.000 people according to .the num¬ ber of its markets and the number of its culture. The conservatism of the farmer is inhabitants. Philadelphia hips one. market I only the mask of his personal feelings, and to every 33,000 inhabitants, a very good per¬ is purely superficial. The farm lauds are centage, but one capable of improvement. worked on plans, that, added to an already It is not altogether the metropolitan size of fertile limestone country, make them yield. a city that opposes a sound market system, " more than the average crops. Those who for Scranton is sustained entirely on the believe that the Danker and Menuonite New York plan and is for all-market pur¬ want to stick to the old wooden plow are a poses a lesser New York. A municipal century behindhand in their estimation. The St£Uggl£ now going on in Scranton may || most retiring type of the farmer is, as a rule, bring about the Restoration of Its oia mar^ ket customs and eliminate the green grocer the most intelligent, using, or wanting forever. use, the best implements furnished Pennsylvania has 67 counties, aggregating scientific study. He inquires carefully ii 28,800^)00 aejes, one-half of which are under cause and effect, experiments inteliigeu cultivation. As scarcely one-fifth of the with fertilizers and exterminators, produc farmers’ products are used for home and in the-eud the most perfect truck supply immediate local consumption, it may be the country and is as honest as he roughly estimated that as a market State ! thrifty. Pennsylvania devotes over 3,000,000 acres j to the raising of truck that is sold for gain, j at an annual value of $140,000,000. The !| farms of the State number about 215,000 j and they are worked by 300,000 people. The county of Lancaster is not only the richest in the State, but in the United States, its agricultural products bringing 50 per cent, more than any other county, the county of Monroe, in New York, coming next, and Lancaster is also the most priml- V. met for the purpose of declaring them¬ selves free from tyrannical England, whieh had been as severe and oppressive as any of the Caesars.” Dwelling on the heroism of the 4,000,- From 000 people scattered through thirteen colonies along the Atlantic, he sketched briefly the causes of the war of 1812, and spoke of the indifference with which the American Colonies had been treated prior to this time by England, and said: that it was not until the War of 1812, Bate. ‘‘until the peace was signed, that Amer-| lea was positive in her freedom and had notified the world that she was ready to fight and was able to fight whenever her rights were transgressed.” REASON FOR PRIDE. Speaking directly to the descendants of the men'who fought in ]£12, he said that they had abundant reason to bei proud; that an organization of such so-|' cieties as theirs inspires patriotism and a loyalty to government, and, bringing The First Annual Meeting a common heritage—a common father. “I believe,” said he, “there can be no pf the “General” country patriotic without a great past, and those men whose fathers helped to Organization. build up this Government of ours ought to be proud of that ancestry. I believe in ancestry, and the man who sneers and scoffs at it bastardizes his own HELD ON HISTORIC GROUND Delega es from Five Slates Welcomed by ithe Mayor in Independence Hall and Meeting in Session in Carpenters Hall. THE BUSINESS SESSION. The first meeting of the General So¬ The first annual meeting of the Gen¬ ciety was called to order at 2 o’clock, in eral Society of the War of 1812 was Carpenters’ Hall, by its president, John held yesterday in Carpenters’ Hall. Del¬ Cadwalader. The order of the business egates from the societies of live States was brief; there were no minutes, but were present. At noon they were es¬ the report of the executive for June 3, corted by the Philadelphia members into 1894, the date of the organization of the the old Senate Chamber in Independence State societies into a general body. The report of the secretary general, Hall, where they were welcomed by the Captain Henry Hobart Bellas, U. S. A., Mayor, who said that he thought there took in the work of the society since ___ .. . ija could be found nowhere in the country the union was agreed upon, April 14, a place so appropriate to extend a wel¬ 1894. It stated that the union had been come those who took productive of the happiest results and promises of the brightest future; that part second war for independ- the new register of the general society, ence Independence Hal’. “It is years ago comprising the role of veterans and hard descendants, will be ready soon for dis¬ Jn tribution; that during the year sixty Insignias have been issued and certifi¬ cates of membership will be issued as soon as a new seal is decided upon by the general society. Turning to the finan¬ cial standing of the society the report; stated that it was in a very satisfactory condition, $684.75 having been received, a disbursement of $480.77, leaving a balance in hand of $203.98. It also, advocated general important changes rn the con¬ stitution and urged the society to settle any friction that naturally might come up with the formation of a new society. In conclusion, the secretary referred to the death of the first surgeon general, Brigadier General Charles Sutherland, U. S. A., who was a son of the first Penn-1 sylvania president of the society, and stated that on account of the declination| Edward Carr, Jvfin Hoi;.nrn Coiianiore' ;gglfS^&rS Albert Foster Damon, Edwin /dani Damon, Russell Duane, Ben Holladay John M. Dulany, Mr. Frank i general be authorized to | H. Massey, James Watts Mevcur, Robert Baird McCormick, Henry V. Massey, his hinds eto fhlt°officlrSOClety’ n°W ln ! John Marston, Oommar tler Felix MeCur- ' j. OHIO ADMITTED. S. N.; Charles Henry Murray, Appleion Morgan, Charles P. Noyes, H-. The Ohio Society, which was formed ; R;. Nichols, Colonel John Biddle Porter, ' n "U%y. 8' with O. W. Aldrich of | Willtam H Patterson, Charles Freder- the Ohm State University, for presi- ! BhP,11}ro?k, Cyrus K. Remington, I iJ“ h JaS admitteSamuel Rea, Schultz, of Zanesville. rne ; John L. \ iven. Captain W. C. For- Dr. George H. Burgin proposed some I bush. Captain N. H. Farquhar, U? S. N • Di. William Freeman French. Dr. which tS t0 the ^-’aws, chief ™f Charles William Galioupe, George H I ^ hich was a restriction governing the Haverstick, D. McKnight Hobart, John admission of collaterals, admitting none Edvard Heaton, Henry Douglas Hughes, Bytrly Hart, Stanley B. Haddock, Pro- !ve^raenrotl8120fThr0therS or sis‘ers o? j passed 2- The amendment was fesscr Edward A. tlarriman, Dr. Albert Kimberly Hadel, Rev. Alexander Hamil- i was . H/A.tf/£.htm iun-» Upper ptib iTr^ RacJn % o V//r , » Old Newtown Square.' Delaware Co. ancient dafeT The first Haverford ford meeting house, which was erect¬ meeting was probably a very rude ed in the early part of the last cen- structure, and only • intended for transient duration. *UOn"e of the quaintest and most pic¬ The old meeting house at Radnor turesque of the city meeting houses which is still standing, is one of the is that down at Fourth and Arch most antique of all the meeting houses streets. The peaceful ?’jIett whlfcht^ in the vicinity of the city. It was ways pervades the vicinity of this built in 1718. In the records of the arneeting house, the building standingj meeting, under the date 1717, the fol¬ some distance back from the •itrev®t' lowing is to be read: “A letter was in the midst of spacious and valuable received from our friend, Benjamin grounds, is in striking contrast to the Holme, of this meeting, recommend¬ bustle and hurry of the great city ing to our consideration the stirring street, but a few rods away. . up of Friends to the building of their From an old print a view is obtained meeting house at Radnor, This meet¬ of the appearance of an ancient meet¬ ing, pursuant to the Radnor Friends’ ing1 house in Philadelphia, which was: desire, acquiesced with them in build¬ built in 1712 and was demolished ln; ing a new meeting house, etc.” 1810 It stood at the corner of Sec-, The meeting house at Upper Dub¬ ond ’and Market streets. In appear¬ lin, Montgomery county, although not ance, some of the meeting houses that by any means as old as the Radnor meeting, is still quaint in appearance: &a»6£1”lkS. £ the atehtteetere o , and of some interest. It was erected in! Friends’ meeting houses m the last 1814. Trie building erected for Friends’ two hundred years. . Among the ancient meeting houses worship at Plymouth, Montgomery county, can scarcely be excelled in ■that are still used for worship near the plainness and primitiveness of its the city, that of Ne+^t0^e5elaWThl county, is among the oldest The architecture. It was erected prior to Newtown meeting was establ shed as the Revolutionary War, in the annals! early as 1696, and the meeting house of which its name is mentioned, as on was erected a few years .afterwards. separate occasions closely succeeding It is a quaint old stone building, with each other, it furnished shelter to the out any architectural features to dis armies of the contesting parties. On tir.guish it from other meeting houses one night a portion of the forces of General Howe were sheltered there, °fAnothierdold meeting is that at Hav- and, on the succeeding evening, it erford. The settlement of Havorford gave shelter to some of the troops un¬ was effected in 1682 and a very few der General Lafayette, who had been years afterwards a meeting house was hastily routed out of their quarters at erected. The present meeting how- Barren Hill, but a short distance ever, is not the original buildin0, as, away, by Howe’s regulars. __ in the records of the Haverfoid meet- The old Abington meeting house, near Jenkintown, Montgomery coun- inas there is a mention of rebuilding th?’meeting house, but, at the same time, the present building is of quite a Prominent p act of m | Ways 0eeu Little dreamed Deborah Franklin, many IVienda* ?«Sfi,?ieetlnf for the when she exclaimed passionately in from the earlies/ ^ who have, her woman’s pride: “I do not see why in the vicinity * settlement, resided my husband should not eat with a silver spoon,” that the argent token inrL^TtdHors°ht'faSh,i0ned meet- she then presented him should, years county, was'erected 1^>ntf°mery later, become a matter of historic the place of a m.li, take to interest to millions of people, for Ben¬ house which wa THE STORY OF THE SILVER SPOON THAT DEBORAH gave her husband. A RaTrabled AeliTte W°rk °f Art in the ShaPa °f a Chess FrankFn g °f Frands F<%er lespie has 'been repr'esented. During rim, below which Is 'a wr heart’s ease, while the lovely blossoms the "Centennial she was at the head of the Associate Committee of Women; are scattered here and there over the iat the recent World’s Fair, she was surface. chairman of the committee .which had (charge of Colonial and Revolutionary At Mrs. Gillespie’s home are several relics. Because of her lineage, she ob¬ pieces of furniture which belonged to tained for the government at the Chi¬ Franklin. The smallest and most cago Exhibition exhibits which would delicate is a chess table of sandal ’ have been entrusted , by their owners wood, which is a beautiful specimen to no other person. Among the most of the antique carver’s art. On the admired and valuable tokens were top, at the back, is a tiny brass knob; the Frankliniana, which were in a used to pull up the hidden screen, case by themselves, not the least con¬ by which the candle was prevented spicuous among them being two silver from going out or flaring, while the players were deep in the intricacies of spoons. “The history of the two spoons is the game. A similar knob at the front both strange and curious,” said Mrs. draws out a slide, on which the chess Gillespie. “It was my ambition to rested when they were not concealed make as perfect as possible a collec¬ irv the partitioned drawer at the side,._ tion of Colonial and Revolutionary and a small shelf near the bottom of t relics for . the Chicago exposition. In "the spindle legs was possibly utilized1 connection with my endeavors, in that as a book rest. The chessmen, which Franklin used with so much skill, are' direction, I prepared a circular which till in existence, being owned, Mrs. I sent to every newspaper in the State, Gillespie stated, by Russell Duane, asking persons having such relics to another Franklin descendant. A mas¬ loan them to the World’s Fair. Dr. sive mahogany wardrobe and a tall Franklin mentions the spoon given English eight-day clock complete the him by his wife in his autobiography. list of Mrs. Gillespie’s relics of her The'duplicates you see here I had in distinguished great-grandfather. my possession. I was anxious to se¬ “I want to tell you of the strange cure the missing mate, and made spe¬ freak which took possession of that cial inquiry for it, believing that it clock several years ago,” said Mrs. had not been lost, but that it was m Gillespie. “It is a most excellent time ( the possession of some one, not a piece, but just as if it got tired of member of the family. Sure enough, the same monotonous round of duties to my great delight, I received a let¬ day after day, for so many years, one ter from a lady in the interior of the day it., surprised us by striking two, State informing me that she was the when it should have struck one. The owner of the precious relic. Later on remaining hours were tolled off all she forwarded it to me. I was very right, until it came to 1 o’clock at anxious to purchase it, but she would night, which it considerately skipped, fix no price, saying that she would thus keeping the count straight; and it not part with it at any figure. I do persisted in this strange conduct for not blame her for wanting , to retain several months, when just as sudden¬ the ownership of so historic -a relic,^ ly as it had departed from its staid but I am sorry that it has passed out and orderly correctness, it returned to of the hands of the Franklin family. its old habit, and has given no bother The only difference in the spoons was since.” the inscription ‘D. F. to B. F.’ on the A piece ef brocade, the train of a original.” gown worn by Debbran r ran nan, rnf> The spoon owned by Mrs. Gillespie material having been brought to "her is of dessert size, ornamented only by from France by her husband, is the Franklin’s coat of arms. A duplicate only truly feminine relic in Mrs. Gil¬ set of a dozen, made by a silversmith lespie’s possession. for his daughter, Mrs. Sarah Bache, Quite apart from her relics there are many paintings on the walls of Mrs. is owned by Mrs. Gillespie’s daugh¬ Gillespie’s parlor of historic interest. ter. Another interesting relic which Among these is a very interesting and Mrs. Gillespie proudly displays to her curious one of Franklin’s youngest visitors is a pair of silver shoe buck- son, a . child almost unknown to his¬ els set with brilliants, which were tory, who was born twelve years be¬ worn by the philosopher all through fore his sister, Mrs. Bache, from whom his diplomatic career, both in Eng¬ Mrs. Gillespie is directly descended. land and as the representative of the He was named Francis Folger Frank- young Republic at the Court of li.n> after his mother’s family, and France. They are kept in the original died in November, 1736, when but 4 leather-covered and satin-lined case. years and 5 months old. There ia 1 Mrs. Gillespie is proud, too, of her also a portrait of Mrs. Bache, Bay FraViklin china, which consists of Sully, a reproduction of the original three plates of India ware, presented Hopper, the latter being in the pos¬ to her illustrious progenitor while he session of one of the Franklin de¬ was in France, and a fruit dish of scendants residing in Washington, D. French manufacture, whose mate was broken many years ago, and, after Next to Mrs. Bache’s picture is that being skillfully mended, was donated of her husband, Richard Bache, a by her to the Sanitary Fair, held in sturdy Yorkshireman, who was born I Philadelphia during the Civil War, at in Settle, in 1737. He came to this which time it brought a handsome country at an early age, entering price. The visitor was also shown an business as a merchant, He married old fashioned pitcher, and an exqui¬ Franklin’s only daughter on, October sitely delicate French cup and saucer, decorated. with a gold band at the “V" : - '¥*>• .A- oielOfntw0h^n^S <*“» SM |if"wSrlr'«wj‘“ntFi''s“ i^xb‘5 rranklin i„ France.” ’ n Hale 3 h«n 71 ‘ST* *„ Fr“-»» Gin4iI“,S SMA china vase dppnra^ • <1 j the Irrea t'skv;ant! During- the course of her chat tvi>= Gillespie stated that shP wl. M *' cially interested ina, was esPe' 1 “°ssr.djf% Gillespieggn ,aS/as°S’«s heart, although «horl?SS +„,*: an active and lively interest to even? * Francis Folger Franklin. mentPnfSe lntended *>r the advance^ lean to it her interesting collection of ment of women. It is her hone tw Frankliniana, and to induce other.own- mide1?^1111*1011 wil1 eventually hbe I ers of valuable mementoes of the ‘‘times that tried men’s souls” to do «t exhibitsefnr^0f °ne of the toeSt likewise, for the honor of the institu¬ there will hi o ® COUn,try’ and that inere will be a special showing- of tion to which she has devoted so much, colonial and revolutionary rfiic°sf of her time, and the glory of the city When that day arrives, and she is j of which she so proudly proclaims confident that it will, she intends to I herself to be a native. t-uKorcAh hUUKCbS OF PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY A very large part of the history of Penn¬ sylvania is to be found in Germany anc Holland in the shape of correspondence ol the early settlers, reports to church authori¬ ties and business and family records, hrom this source investigators like the late 1 rofessor Seidensticker and Judge Penny- packer have drawn many interesting facts relating to the building of the colony, and lave sometimes been able to trace satisfac¬ torily the influences that exerted so large a iShare m the religious, educational and ma¬ terial development of Pennsylvania. Owing to the difficulties to be overcome however, the field has only been lightly touched The present day European rela- Jtions of this country are with England rather ,than with France or Germany. Knowl¬ edge of the Dutch language is unusual, and the practice required to read old German : script is as rare. In addition the wars J which devastated Germany and Holland destroyed or scattered records of a kind 3,11?. En&land still intact,.so that much time and patience, as well as a pre- nuirTf’ knOW,edgf °f the ]an^age, are re-1 ouiredjiom one who undertakes to investi-1 •v r\ %/ vvhat remains of these original” sources . Pennsylvania history. ! We believe that Mr. Sachse is spending I the present summer in exploring this rich :W. Meld, and Mr. Henry S. Dotterer, who has the advantage of a complete mastery of the German language and who is a most capa¬ ble and intelligent investigator, makes the interesting announcement in his periodical. Date, The Perkiomen Region, that at the close of the present year he will visit Holland, the f Palatinate and South Germany for the ex¬ MORUS MULTICAULIS BUBBLE press purpose of making researches of a \ Great Boom in the Culture of the Silk Worm genealogical and historical character, with Which Ended Disastrously for Philadelphians. J special reference to the period included in rn 1831) Philadelphia was only a big ull¬ the first half of the eighteenth century. age, and everybody knew everybody else s jusiness, and on September 20 our people He will examine the books, newspapers were enjoying all the excitement of a and manuscripts of the large libraries, the m, as the great sale of “Morus Multi- church, municipal and court records of the ulis” trees was to come off on this day. [though it is only tifty-six years since, there smaller places, and endeavor to find what very few people now living who liar e is left of the large correspondence known ny definite recollection of the popular to have been carried on between the people leraze and its evii results. It was the oil ‘•speculation of those days. of Pennsylvania and the church organiza¬ Inin 1828Itss a society was formed here , to/ ?pro- tions and their friends and supporters in mote the raising of silk worms and.tho 'inan ufacture of silk, and very UandsffiBke prem¬ Germany and Holland. He will also try to iums were offered for the finest lot of co¬ find' tire local records relating to the war coons anil specimens of raw silk. But pub¬ waged by France upon Protestant Ger¬ lic interest languished until in 1838, when a seductive stranger appeared in this city, many in .the seventeenth century, a war and by repapsentations of the profits to be which was largely responsible for the great made from silk raising started a veritable boom,, which quickly extended to all tne German immigration to Pennsylvania. At large cities, but here the fever was very Rotterdam he will search the accounts of virulent. , the great shipping houses which forwarded It was easy to get the worms from abroad, but the feeding of them was a serious mat¬ emigrants, a work for which Mr. Dotterer’s ter Each full-grown worm ate twenty long experience with the Philadelphia house ounces of mulberry leaves per diem ho nearly everyone that owned or could lure ;! :uiij v ~- - .• + ! of Peter Wright gives him thorough qual¬ piece of ground planted it witn ification. Multicaitlis” seed. The plants vlf°T ouslv and were three feet high the nist Mr. Dotterer does not expect to accom¬ year and gave leaves the second. plish all that he has planned in a single When the trees began to mature the sec OIK[ year everyone went crazy. The »ta" visit or in one year, blit he will blaze the fng Gas in the nature, of a gamble One niece of ground would bear profusely, * ! way through what is now a wilderness of other woifid0 seemingly. defy cnlHraton. In historic lore, and begin what is one of the the meantime every gui of any emteiprise had her collection of cocoons, rGTT he most intelligently-planned and important ii g apparatus and brushes for startup the silk to wind, and this fad dominated society. of recent undertakings in connection with Young gentlemen had no show alongside of the early history of Pennsylvania. The[ EHrr,-, -s? a special researches which he will undertake s!r*s u. to make for persons desiring to trace their heart of his Jemima forever. European ancestry in that part of Europe The first sale of trees was on the Oock street sidewalk of the Exchange, _ Veai old cannot fail to open up many avenues of gen¬ trees commenced at fifty cents. »PJ?®cre of eral historical information because in its be¬ then ran up to two do.iais s0 the ground would grow about 4, Mcited. ginnings history is largely genealogy, as we growers had reason foi getting cobbling James Sybert. who at .o £ «J183| learn from the Old Testament. Mr. Dot¬ on Veag street, lived with ms “lu“ tlj(,ast terer’s work will no doubt enlist the hearty ia a !H‘i!GcnTh and FUwater streets. The corner of Tenth anurii west to support of both societies_ and individuals. tsbeen rr=offered the ground fur O »w —v"1 . m poses. ISotUTn# out ayuuuimj wnr eradicate came with the Dutch, and with inc the roots, and they will close a well 100 yard away. ! Swedes before Pennsylvania and I nua- Tho great sale was helfl at Germantown delphia were settled by William B&nn- on tlie 20th of September, 1800. Trees six but they came with these nationalities feet high started at three dollars and rose as belonging to them. It is.ah historical to seven. Philip Physiek gave the final stroke fact that Peter Minuit or Mimwrt, who to his fortune by buying $20,000 worth, and -was' the first Dutch Governor of New the proceeds of the sale came to $S0,000. 'Amsterdam (now New \ork), was a. In Baltimore the craze was as bad, and some prominent people ruined themselves. German, and it is also a fact that the M1.® * arrolls, of Carollton, were credited founder of the first Swedish colony on null the loss of much of their possessions the' Del-aware was born in Germany. : 111 this speculation. This was Governor .Tolm Printz. the And »°w there began to be doubts, and German- nobieiuun, Johann Printz, of much figuring was done, and It became ap- Biichau, who had a command under the | $?'7rent t‘l:,t the native silk would cost about •M more per pound than the imported, and Swedish king, Gnstavus Adolphus, in the not as good, and so the bubble burst Ninety- fearful war of thirty years in Germany. five per cent, of the speculators lost more Print/ came to the Delaware with . tsti- ‘Some, "on- A prominent rich Swedish colonists and many Germans m lamllj here, whose daughters have married 3642. and. founded the first Swedish I file n°b>hty of Europe, made their colony on that river. He resided for a ! fiVn o bffluence in the money made by their old Dutch grandmother on the little certain time on Timcmn Island, that ha t-acre, garden on Christian, above Eighth little island in the Delaware above street, right opposite Flower, now Fallon Chester, where our now' deserted -Laza¬ SmmnJ|&Horn a,ld l*WlipPUySick retto is located. The place where I hila- delphia now stands belonged to that Swedish colony, and here also were many Germans among the colonists. When ■William Penn came in possession of this tart of the country he recognized the From, value of these German colonists, and among the nine members of the brat Provincial Council appointed by him for ' ' (/* his agent and Governor W llliam Maug¬ ham were the two Germans. Robert Wads or Hads and Otto Brecht Koch. _ -c, J From what point these two rnc-n came is Date, ^.1. cot known, hut we find their nam.es under the fac-simile of a declaration pf faith and obligation given by the mem Ibers of that Provincial Council to Wil¬ liam Markham on August <>, lbol- ,1°'- fac-simile can be found m the old house of WTilliam Penn, now standing neai Tie germ Girard avenue bridge, m I'air mount Park. The names of these two Gei- tnans are written in German charact r... rood proof of their nationality. This is the 212th Anniversary of His But all Germans who came to this country with the Dutch and the Swedes, before' Pastorius, lost ^eir GOT^ian Landing on These Shores. character among the people mth whom thev immigrated, and therefore ■ sens of German extraction are entirely justified in considering only the lajidin„ CELEBRATION OF PIONEERS'DAY of the thirteen families from Xvnsheim as the commencement of the German im¬ migration to this country. Bonor to Sturdy Immigrants Who J>ENN’S VISITS AND GERMAN PERSECUTION Wfi'e' First to Protest Against William Penn himself had been in. dermany twice, .and his. visits- induced Slavery—1The Days of Pastorius' these families-to -come to this new prov¬ ince of Pennsylvania* William -to and Penn. •went to Germany in ,16 u- and then again in 1G79, to bring consolation to a certain class of his religious friends, To-day is the 212th anniversary of the and at the same time to make propa¬ arrival of the first German immigrants ganda for the ne\v sect ot the Friends. to this country,-an event that is well re¬ After the close of tne war ot thirty membered and celebrated by ourd-German years there were only three religious fell ow citizens. On October 6, 1683* creeds recognized in Germany: the Cath¬ Franz Daniel Pastorius, an. attorney olics, the Lutherans and the Reformed. from Frankford on the Main, brought his All men not belonging to one ot these first colony of thirteen families from creeds were persecuted, and as the num¬ Xrisheim in the Palatinate, Germany, ber and strength of the different sects, to Philadelphia, and they founded and after that war, constantly increased,, nettled Germantown. there were thousands of religious perse¬ These thirteen families from Krisheim cutions all over Germany. The suffer¬ ings of the persecuted people created a; ■were the first Germans who left then- general feeling of. pi^vin EnglamVand,, country with the purpose to emigrate to this country, but they were not the first this was the origin qZ W ilmtirf'pdnn s Germans who c-ame here. There is visits to Gerffrahy. After the -emigra¬ abundant proof _that many • Germans tion from Germany -to -this country be¬ gan religious persecutions. isr.|rd still .for rieariy a century the principal reason for- 48 T ■ : tfee continuance or tnnt'emiteration.' After pointment did’ ifbt discourage thierfi. They7 J*enn had taken possession' of Pennsyl¬ did not come as adventurers who in¬ vania he of course thought of his Ger¬ tended to live on the fat of tl£: land man' friends, and induced them to emi¬ and by the help of others, but 8k men grate to the new world. The first re¬ who were resolved to found their own sponse to his invitation in this behalf 1 home, to prosper and to live in religious was the formation of the Prankfor'd liberty. Company, a society of some ric-h, These men from Krisheim had se¬ friends of 'Penn in Fraukford-on-the-, cured land through Taerd Paiiuer, Dirck Main, who concluded to'purchase land; Sigmann, Fan Strepegs, Govert Reinke in Pennsylvania,They bought ii\ all and Jacob Israel Van Bubler from Cre- 25,000 acres, hot wjth the exception -of feld, Germany, who had bought 18,000 Franz Daniel Pastorius none of the’I acres of7 land from William Penn, of members of this company ever came to | which they took only a part for them¬ this country. When Pastorius, a young selves and cultivated it, coming to this attorney-at-law J emigrated to Pennsyl¬ country some years later. Lenert Arets vania, he was made the agent and the secured his fellow-immigrants the Land commissioner of that Frankford Com¬ they needed. pany. The first undertaking of the German Pastorius became the leader of a party j arrivals in the new land was the pro¬ «f inhabitants of Krisheim, in which curing of shelter for their families and place Pehn had been a short time in then they' looked around for suitable August, 1079; making many good friends land for their settlement. As Pastorius there. They became anxious to come to described in the above-mentioned record his tuew-eouBtry for the sake of,religious book of Germantown, they selected a1 liberty, and knowing about Pastorius’ spot several miles above Schuylkill Falls friendship with Penn, and his connec¬ ;;and on that the surveyor, Thomas Fair- tion with .the-,Frankford Land Com¬ man, surveyed on October 24, 14 lots pany, put thditiselves in communication .which were taken possession of at once With Pastorius, and he undertook to by the thirteen families. Then they set fuide these emigrants to America. He to work, dug out the cellars and erected rst communicated through James. Clay- cabins over them, in which they lived poole, a London friend, with Benjamin during the winter. In the spring of tFurly, Penh’s agent in Rotterdam, and 1684 they commenced to build houses through him he secured passage for the and to cultivate 'the land, which had colony with the ship Concord, Cap- been surveyed by Fairnian in February, thin Jeffries, a. 5GO-ton ship with -jK> 1684, 8000 acres in all. New immi¬ meif. He engaged passage for eveiy grants from Krisheim, from Crefeld and person above 12 years for £5/ for chil¬ from Muehlheim, in Germany, arrived dren below 12 years, for £2%, and for then every year, and the settlement grew' children under 1 year. free. Freight so large that it was divided into four Was to be charged £2 for dry goods towns—Germantown, Krisheim, : Som- ■nd 24 shillings for wet goods dot ton merhausen and Crefeld. All four towns Winder these conditions he engaged pas¬ were situated on one long road, now sage for a company of 33 grown per¬ Germantown avenue: and from Philadel¬ sons with their children. On July 8, phia, commencing in order, the first was 1883, the Concord set sail at Gravesend Germantown, with 2750 acres of land; and arrived at Philadelphia on October second, Krisheim, with 834 acres; third, 8 in the same year. Sommerhausen, with 900 acres, and the The German immigrants arriving here fourth, Crefeld, with 1166 acres. Cre¬ with this ship were: Dirck, and Her¬ feld was situated above the Chestnut man and Abraham Isaae Op den Graeff, Hill of our d;'4v\s, and encroached on the Lenert Arets. Tunes Kunders, Reinert Montgomery County line. In 1687 the Tisen, Wilhelm Stoepers, Jan Lechner, land of Germantown, and in 1689 the Peter Keurles, Jan Slmens, Johann land of the other three towns was Bleicker, Abraham Tuenes and Jan divided amongst its purchasers and Luecken, with their wives, children and lessees. As Germantown with its 6000 servants, thirteen families in all. Dur¬ acres took only a small part of the ing the voyage on the Concord a 43,000 acres belonging' to the Frnnk- 'Child was born to the Bleicker family. forders and Crefelders, the rest of it These are the names of the first Ger¬ was taken up later by these companies man immigrants Pastorious recorded un¬ further up in the State on the Skippack, der the date of October 6, 1683, in the etc., as soon as it was surveyed. “Grund und Lagerbueh von German- It took only a few .years for the ton,’’ the record of the deeds of that founders and settlers of Germantown, to settlement, which is to be found yet ipiake out of the wilderness they found under the old records of the Recorder on their arrival a friendly and thriving of Deeds office in Philadelphia, town. Through the middle of the town ran a street 60 feet wide, -with peach WARMLY WELCOMED BY PENN. trees planted on the sides. A 40-foot Pastorious had come in advance of street crossed this street, and on the /these immigrants to Philadelphia, and crossing was the market place, on whith ” had been received very' kindly by Wil¬ later a shed was built. Every' dwelling liam Penn, who ’ also accorded a kind was built in a garden of three acres, reception to the German immigrants, abounding with flowers, fruit trees and whom he appreciated kighiy and to whom vegetables. The land for agricultural he lent every' possible help in their en¬ purposes was situarted north and south deavors to found a settlement. Philadel¬ of the town. It did not take long until phia as it was then, with only a few the fruits and 'vegetables of the gar¬ houses and most of the inhabitants liv¬ dens and the grains and other products ing in caves and small cabins, was a of the fields not' only served the needs great disappointment to the immigrants, bf the inhabitants, !but left a surplus who a few months before had seen the growing from year to year, to be sold great cities of Europe, hut that disap¬ at the markets in Philadelphia and to be Lvji—a~ a b - JjttLi Binppeu iu outer purrs ' or tne country, and” almost -• unnoticed ju« ULUt ill OJJIXIH j even to foreign countries. So German¬ belongs the hopor of having been the town at a very early date exported grain first association who ever remonstrated and cattle to Barbadoes, and furs, pur¬ against negro slavery." chased from the Indians, to England. TROUBLE OVER LAND CLAIMS. RHINE WINE WITHOUT VINEYARDS. But these unpretentious and peaceful When the Germans from the Rhine settlers were not to be spared the trouble settled Germantown they discovered which every community has once or wild grapes growing there, suitable for j more experienced in its existence. the making of wine like that of the The Frankforder Company said noth¬ Rhine. Of course the Germantowners ing about its land claims until 1691. produced the wine, so that it soon be¬ | Pastorius, getting,, tired. of the admin¬ came one of the chief products of their istration of their land, insisted upon a town. They alfso cultivated flax, and as settlement, and a winding up of bus- I naost of the settlers' Hvere weavers by trade, they built up very soon a large mess. In consequence of this the re¬ linen weaving industry, whose products maining members of the company and controlled for a long time the home the heirs of the deceased appointed in markets of the colonies. Of this indus¬ 1700 three men named Balthasar try Richard Frame says in “A Short Tawert, Samuel Falckner and Thomas Description of Pennsylvania,” printed in Kelpius for that purpose. Kelpius was 1692: a religious crank and did r.ot care to 4-The German town, of which I spoke be¬ bother with that affair, but in 1708 fore, Falckner sold 22,025 acres of that claim Which Is at least in length one mile and for £500 Pennsylvania money (81333.50) more. to Thomas Henworth Sproegel, after Where live High German people rud low he had received a bribe of £100. Then Dutch, many inhabitants of Germantown re¬ Whose trade in weaving linen cloth is much. ceived notice to quit their homes. In There grows the flax. . . . their interest Pastorius came to Phila¬ The knitting industry also soon found delphia, but discovered that Sproegel had «, home in Germantown and hose and engaged in his interest the four lawyers stockings of that town have kept their then residing in the City of Brotherly place in our markets since. The first Love. Pasforius then went to James paper mill iu the country- was also es¬ Logan, and he advised him to- go with tablished there by William Ruetting- a petition to the Provincial Council. huysen (Rittenhouse), a Dutchman, on This Pastorius did and the Council, i the Wissahickon, and the paper manu¬ after investigating, ordered the evic¬ factured by it soon gained a wide and tion. The largest part of the land on well-deserved fame. the Manatawny jn Schuylkill County, • Pastorius was, of course, the leader Sproegel kept in possession. But the. of the town. He was the first Burgo¬ inhabitants of Germantown were left in master (Mayor) of Germantown, and the their homes. counselor and adviser of every inhabi¬ tant. On August 12, 1689, Germantown received the first town charter, and under this an independent town admin¬ GERMAN DAI istration with its own laws was created and was in force until 1707, in which year it was annulled and Ger¬ mantown put under the general laws of COMMEMORATED. Pennsylvania. The inhabitants of the town thrived under their own adminis¬ tration, but they had one fault to find The 212th Anniversary of the with it, and that was the double taxes they had to pay, one tax for Gerinan- Landing of Settlers in towii and one for the County of PhiJa- dclphia, which latter was very high in the first year of the existence of our Philadelphia. One of the first pubHe institutions of Germantown was a 'schooi, founded by Pasforius, of which he was. the first teacher. GOVERNOR HASTINGS THERE. In 1695 open markets or fairs were established, which lasted two dars each and were held on the 13th and 14th of March and of September. He Was the English Orator at the In 1688 the Germans of Germantown distinguished themselves as lovers of lib- Meeting of German American Citi¬ erty. On April 18 of that year the zens Held in Celebration German Quakers of that town passed a resolution protesting against slavery of the Event. m the most determined terms; but this protest was tabled by the highest au¬ thority of the Friends, at the annual meeting, because they did not think German Day, commemorative of the i it advisable to touch this question, in¬ first landing of an organized band of volving many other important interests settlers in Philadelphia, on October 8, 1683, was celebrated last evening, at So that question was left until Abraham the rooms of the German Society. Spring Lincoln decided it, a centurv and threp- Garden and Marshall Streets, in the pres¬ imarters later. E Bettle in his ence of a goodly number of representa¬ i,™0*??.°f Slavery in America:" tive German-American citizens. Gover¬ to this body ox humble, unpretending 1 nor Daniel H. Hastings honored the | meeting with his presence and acted as , A, , I . ,*• r the English orator; Ur. C. RelnHoM Schmidt ‘''delivered the German oration • and General Louis Wagner presided and make an introductory address^ The hall was prettily decorated with palms and bunting, a bust of Steuben, the Revolutionary hero, modeled for the occasion by August Mueller, a member of the society, being given a command¬ ing position in a niche of the wall over the speakers’ platform. Choruses from the Quartet Club, and the Harmonie and Turners’ Singing Society were present Date, singing appropriate songs. General Wagner opened the exercises by a brief address, in which he spoke of the events commemorated by the i.frJ d.l celebration and in a happy vein in¬ troduced Governor Hastings, whose ap¬ pearance was vociferously applauded. COLONIAL EXHIBIT The Governor’s address was frequently punctuated by applause. He said in part AT ATLANTA. “Steuben was the representative Ger¬ man of the Revolutionary War, just as Lafayette was the representative French¬ man. Both were almost indispensable The Finest Collection of His¬ to the cause. Steuben relinquished im¬ portant social and political positions in his own country in order that he might torical Relics Ever Got¬ come to the aid of a new government founded upon the principles he had long ten Together. championed. “Although he volunteered his services to the Continental Army, he was soon made a major general, with this extra¬ PHILADELPHIA CONTRIBUTES ordinary bonus attached, that ‘it was given to him without dissent or mur¬ mur.’ Steuben was the disciplinarian of the Continental Army. Washington di¬ Some Famous Reminders of Revolution¬ rected the fighting, and Steuben, as in¬ spector general, did the organizing. ary Days from the Quaker City. “While the Continental Arrriy was • composed of Americans, yet its ranks Precious Treasures from Penn¬ were filled r^ith representatives of all nations, many of whom had received sylvania Towns. military education in the service of for¬ eign powers, and in fact all of them, in near or remote degree, had been sub¬ Special Correspondence of “The Press.” - jects of other governments. The interest¬ Atlanta, Oct. S.—The Atlanta Exposi¬ ing fact to which I call your attention is that they willingly relinquished their tion can boast of an exhibit which is allegiance to the land from which they the finest collective One as yet made in came, and accepted the conditions im¬ this country, and that exhibit is in the posed by the new Federation of thir¬ Colonial Department. The Colonial and teen States. Thus it continues to this Revolutionary relics at the World’s Fair, day. The representatives of all nations and, particularly those from New York come to our shores; they still retain and Massachusetts, were numerous, their love for the Fatherland, but thA valuable and interesting; hut in that col¬ detracts nothing from their allegiance to the country of their adoption.” lection the South was not represented Dr. Schmidt also took as his theme to any extent. At the call of Atlanta, Steuben and the men who surrounded the invaluable treasures of North and him. He narrated the principal events South Carolina, Louisiana, Greorgia, Ten¬ of the hero’s life, and recited many nessee, Kentucky and Virginia have been anecdotes both in German and in Eng¬ brought from the homes of the de¬ lish, throwing side lights on the hero’s scendants of American patriots, and are noble character. for the first time exhibited to the world. The anniversary of the founding of Germantown, or “German Day,” was This collection is the most unique and in¬ also celebrated last evening by the Ger¬ dividual feature of the Fair, and has mantown Maennerchor, in its hall, on the added attraction of being distinctive¬ Main Street, above Price, with a banquet. ly American. No one who carefully The hall was decorated with palms,} “does” the colonial rooms, and reads the ferns and floral decorations, together catalogue, and descriptive cards on the with tasteful arrangements of the Ger¬ objects displayed, will leave the Women’s man and American flags. The day was Building without hav.ng Tearnea iuu«n also observed as the twenty-eighth anni¬ versary of the society. of American history and biography than After the banquet a concert was given they knew before; nor do we doubt that by various members, and addresses were they will be, in consequence, better made by Jacob Otterstetter, the presi¬ Americans. Especially is it necessary dent, Edward Wolfsieffer, of the Phila¬ delphia Society, and Sheldon Potter, of to cultivate and inspire such sentiments Germantown. The evening concluded r ------•- With a dance. |presented to Thomas Barge ror gallantry in the South. In addition to the South¬ at the battle of Louisburg, in 1745, and » ern States, Pennsylvania makes a mag¬ I rusty rapier, with perhaps the most re¬ nificent showing, and Massachusetts, markable hilt cn any sword in the entire Rhode Island, Connecticut and New York I are also well represented. There is a Colonial collection. The blade is straight fine collection of historical portraits sndi and slender, the hilt is of mother of I book plates, which must have special pearl and bronze, finely carved, ending mention. | in a woman’s head, crowned. Every Never before at any exposition h ve detail in the workmanship is perfect so many swords and pistols, once carried and bears the closest inspection. This by American patriots, been placed before rapier was dug up some years ago, near the public, in fact they are an exhibit the residence of General Arthur St. Clair, and ■ a study by themselves. The bent at Ligonier, Pa. It evidently has a and rusty blades of the swords and history, but what that history is will rapiers, and blackened, stocks of the never be known; it is marked with the muskets, tell a tale of war, privation, initials “C. A.” And though not a sword, suffering and glory, in days when the and yet a death-dealing weapon, we cause of liberty seemed almost hope¬ must here mention one of the most in¬ less. Louisiana contributes to this col¬ teresting relics in the Pittsburg case— lection a beautifully wrought seventeenth the tomahawk of Loga.n, the great Min¬ century, sil,Ver-hilted sword, the side erm go chief, whose famous speech drove habitually used by the Chevalier Jacques Jefferson into a long and bitter con- Roman, who brought it in 1689 from his ! troversy. The tomahawk is owned by home in Grenoble, France, to Louisiana. Mr. A. Downer, of Hammondsville, O. TheChevalierJacques was the great-grand¬ Every school boy is supposed to know father of Andre Roman, twice Governor, all about Logan and his speech. of that State. Beside the Frenchman’s FROM PHILADELPHIA. slender rapier, lies a heavy bronze and Philadelphia has a number of swords gilt sword, once the property of Zachary in her collection. Dr. James Darrach, Taylor, and with it a lighter sabre vh’-'h of Germantown, sends one that belonged he used in the battle of New Qrlea: One of the lrn st striking Jjl apper t0..hiso?reat's'ran(ifather. Colonel Hazlet, ance, was owned by General J. B. I teH at the battle of Princeton, in 1(77. Mrs George B. Roberts sends a ' Planche, the hilt being an eagle’s head pair of pistols and a most curious old |~ahd neck of mother of pearPand gold, powder horn, used in the Revolution. * T- Smith sends the swords j In the South Carolina case, a sword with of Nicholas Dight and Mrs. Howard I a carved silver-bronzed hilt, bears the Wood a flint lock used at Valley Forge. following inscription: “Colonel Pickens in Pennsylvania can be proud of her relics. person received this sword from Com¬ Historically they are the equal of any in mander McArthur at the battle of Cow- the Colonial room and as a whole are pens.” And another label on a beautiful ^an any other single State ex- carved silver hilted dress sword, says: pV't- The old silver and china from Philadelphia are beautiful. The cup and “Presented by Congress to General An¬ saucer sent by Mrs. Clugan, of Birds- drew Pickens for brilliant conduct at the boro, used by Washington at Valley battle of Cowpens, January 17, 1781. Still forge, seems to be the most popular a third, grim and rusty, he used in that Vas,e’ its only rival being most famous battle of the Revolution. the battered old lantern which was used In contrast to these doughty blades, used at the same place by the Father of his in open fight, lies a dainty Italian stille- toaniir3hv T\Jhe TRobert Morris silver to, the work of Benvenuto Cellini. ;Se i„ by Mrs. James Darrach, is espe- Wvv,fine' A.silver watch in a French gilt FAMOUS WEAPONS. box has an interesting nedigree It was Virginia has sent one of the greatest once worn by Roger Sherman, a "signer ” treasures in the Colonial room, the SnLX, hS Pres^ted to his nephew, j Roger M. Sherman, and finally descend- ! sword of General Francis Marion, the in i8fi7Mai>r- Gen?,ra! Tecumseh Sherman i very sound of whose name should arouse in 1867. It is exhibited by Mrs P Te- ! the spirit of every American boy. The i cumseh Sherman, of New York. Very 1 hilt of General Marlon’s sword (and interesting old books and manuscripts it is one that he used) is an ivory and ££? contributed by Judge Clifford Stan- i gilt eagle’s head, and inscribed in large lej Sims of Mount Holly. Old watches quaint bits of china and I letters on the blade Is: “Liberty and In¬ interesting relics too numerous to men- dependence.” Beside his trusty sword th„ nm.a^e PP the rest of the exhibit of j lies his well-worn blunderbuss. In the same case, in a quaint old wooden box. Is a short sword, used by Washington, w«h\’S5rS,„?JVOl«,“r .1. well and which on his death bed ha. gave to Colonel Alexander Spottiswoode. The pew?enlluSwf’afapannof « tankard <* hilt is of brass and agate. A light and service by the corr>munion elegant rapier with hilt of ivory and carved silver, made by the great armor¬ pV„r,,!&,‘etSy3ouI1i1£S er, Andrea Ferrara, was used by Major . General William Campbell, the hero of King’s Mountain, at that battle and during the whole of the Revolution. An¬ ilpsasiii other sword In the Virginia collection, of kimS taken prisoner by the Indians’ exquisite design, was once owned by rive'S, nSSi John W. Porter. Nor must- the old blunderbuss be forgotten, with which Colonel Richard Johnson, afterward l^e .Massachusetts’coll Vice-President, killed Tecumseh at the battle of the Tharags. Pennsylvania selffis a dark and rusty blade, with marks of hard usage, once the property of General John H. Wise, fered hv t „ uniform was kindly of- of Virginia: a silver-mounted sword, j • by Louisiana, but alas! when it I arrived instead of being brand new and and in full' view is the I made to flt it was an old moth-eaten tower. “hand me down” that had seen hard From the terrace a view of the entire service at King’s Mountain and looked as if it might have been burled with its fair ground can be had, and it is suffi¬ first owner. The custodian took one ciently elevated to be out of reach of hard look at its diminutive proportions the clouds of dust arising frof the much- (“the old Continental in his ragged regi¬ traveled boardwalk. Gay flags float mental” had been a small man), fled as fast as his long legs would carry him from every vantage point and without and has never been seen since. The next doubt every Pennsylvanian who visits day Mr. Felder brought us a genuine ' it will be pleased with its situation, and “cop” with a helmet and mace, and once its exterior and Interior appointments. more we breathe freely, but no one has The interior of the building is restful yet ventured to mention the Continental and charming; indeed,, it is to be fear¬ uniform to him. ed that it will be too attractive to the masses, for already it is visited by hun¬ dreds every day. The experience of be¬ ing in charge of a State build¬ FINE SHOWING AT ing at an exposition is unique. Compliments are made by the score, but the occasional grumblers who ATLANTA'S FAIR. unburden their minds are delicious. A cynical-looking dame, who had been fingering everything within hand’s reach, said the other day, as she critically felt Pennsylvanians Are Proud of the blue denim curtains, “Humph! is this the best Pennsylvania can do? Why the Commonweath’s Hand¬ we make pants of this In Kentucky.” INTERIOR EFFECTS. some Building. The interior effect of the building is blue and white and has been consistently carried out. Ruffled dotted muslin cur¬ tains and blue denim heavy curtains drape every window and the transoms ITS HANDSOME INTERIOR. over the doors and the . light wicker furniture are’upholstered in blue denim. - The matting on the floor is blue and straw color, the heavy furniture in the ladies’ reception room is of inlaid mahogany Finished, in Blue and White and Richly and in the gentlemen’s reception room it is of oak. A tall antique mahogai?an> Furnished—Rare Old Portraits and clock stands in a corner beside the grei open fireplace in the hall, over the mai Paintings Adoirn the Walls. tel is a tablet on which are the names the officers of the commission and t Executive Committee and above the tabt£ Mrs. E. D. Gillespie let is a life-size figure of Victory, ho: ing a torch and a laurel wreath. Honored. The desk upon which the register 1: is of oak sK’VYrial Art School, lit W. pl S, a S white ornaments, Special Correspondence of ‘‘The Press.” blu^and v hite lamp and blue and whv iars holding growing plants and g Atlanta, Oct. 11.—Pennsylvanians who madras covered cuahon every^.. visit Atlanta have great reason to be proud of their State and gratified by- muchTo1'the0’ms the expression of admiration which they hear on ail sides, for what Most noticeable on ®nt^g_ near Pennsylvania has done for the fair. Its crayon of uoteinor am penn. State building was the first to be finished is a photograph Armstrong, o£ rv and the first to be presented to the derail general «S3t faWary, Piedmont Driving Club, New York only following its example by reason of its ?5 v I' 'f • • I A Monumeut Where Washington Crossed the Delaware, Dedicated. Ex-Congressman Smith’s Will Broken by! the Court of Chancery—Dabney Gets j Seven Tears for Killing Epps—Middle¬ sex Couuty Democratic Ticket Saved Krom Dishonor by Her Child. Trenton, N. J., Oct. 15.—The monu- xneut at Taylorsville, Pa., and the tablet at Washington’s Crossing, to mark the spot where the father of his country crossed the Delaware, the night before he PD BUG SGHOOLS routed the Hessians in Trenton, were dedicated with interesting ceremonies to¬ THE GREAT PROPRIETOR’S RADICAL day. The crossing is about two miles above this city, and at the present VIEWS ON PPvACTICAL EDUCATION. time the scene of a pretty village. Notwithstanding the air was raw, and chilly, a large assemblage of people A PIONEER OF MANUAL TRAINING gathered, and school childreu from Pen- niugton, Hopewell, Doylestowu, Titus¬ The Founder of Pennsylvania Two Hundred ville and Washington’s Crossing were present. The children all wore the Years Ahead of His Time in His Ideas as national colors and participated i u the to the Education of Children-Where the exercises by siuging patriotic songs. The Teachers and Pupils of the Present Day monument at Taylorsville was erected by May Find Pleasure and Profit. the Bucks Couuty Historical society. It is a block of gray granite set upon a granite base and bearing the following Two hundred and thirteen years ago to-day inscription: “Near this spot Wash¬ William Penn landed on the shores of the Delaware; and in accordance with the recorn- ington crossed the Delaware on raendation of Dr. Brooks, the public schools Christmas night, 1776, the eve of the will celebrate this event to-moaou. Alte battle of Trenton.” The monumeut is •i yovage of fifty-three days from shore to about 100 yards above the Yardley bridge, shore, far more hazardous than and stands on the property of Dr. Grille, ' • saddened by the loss of many °f tbe Httle between the river road aud the Delaware. •company through the terrible ravages of The exercises took place in front of Dr. small-pox, the Welcome sailed into harbor Griffe’s residence. All about American at New Castle on October 27, 161-. The ’ founder of the Commonwealth looked Jor the flags were flying, and patriotic music first time on the fair country of his Holy stirred the emotions of the spectators. Experiment. During two ce.nt"rie?^eJ1 General William W. H. Davis of Doyles- of progress has transfigured the face of na town, Pa,, president of the Bucks Couuty ture. To-day it is difiicult to obliterate the Historical society, made the introductory results of growth and development; to see remarks. Prayer followed by Rev. Al- in their stead a picture of generous reaches phouzo Dare, of Pennington. General of woodland, bathed in the glow of a fan American October; the visible forms of na¬ ■William S. Strickor, of Trenton, then de¬ ture appareled in autumn coloring; a syl¬ livered a historical address, after which van land,” indeed, traversed in silence by the monument was unveiled by Mrs. idle streams with now and then a canoe Elizabeth Twining, of Yardley, Pa. The skimming along the shore and a thm^ne of orator of the day was Dwight M. Lowrey, smoke curling lazily from an mdia s lodge of Philadelphia, who spoxe efoqu itly of or the white man’s settlement. Ctmglng t the skirts of the broad-bosomed Delaware the heroes of the 'revolution am. their were little villages. These trailed out in work. The children in concert recited broken lines of rudely constructed houses, a song poem, written by Miss M. scattered along both banks from the bay Harcourt Clarke of New York, aud the falls near Trenton. Good a"th°r*Ly0eS t' then sang “America,” the exercises mates that Penn may have found- 000 sc t on the Pennsylvania side of the river be¬ tiers in the territory subject to bis jur.sait ing brought to a close with the benedic¬ tion, somewhat more than one-half of u hom . were located within the present Un its of tion pronounced by Rev. E. N. Jeffreys Pennsylvania. The settlements al°n„ the of Doylestown. The tablet at the crossing Delaware were principally of Swedes, Dutch was unveiled by Miss Ada Byron Nelson, daughter of Dr. Adonis Nelson of Ne- a*Aithough''exiles from home and living in shauic, N. J. It is of bronze aud bears neiSly contact, each nationality pre¬ this inscription: “This tablet is erected served, individually, many °f.^e customs^of by the Society of the Ciucinuatti in the their former homes. The life of f etate of New Jersey to commemorate the World moulded that of the New. The crossing of the Delaware river by General Washington aud the Continental army on Christmas night, Seventeen Hundred and Seventv-Six.” _ WILLIAM PENN AT 22. From the Original Portrait which his Gra _I__fL-Jt GranviUe'Pean’ presented in 1833 to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. swedes were- strongest<=J-- m- numbers,- ~ ~-J They ' had made their first permanent settlement on the Delaware, near Wilmington, about of revenue secured in shrewd traffic with 1638, and they also established the first the Indians. • settlement in Pennsylvania a few miles When Penn landed in 1682 a good many below Philadelphia. A simple, unconven¬ of his settlers were already here. Penn sent tional people, along the Delaware they his first emigrants to Pennsylvania in 16S1. found a fertile region; where the kindly Sturdy stock our forefathers came of, for soil was ready to yield fruitage. Here they when they landed at Philadelphia they found contentedly turned to agricultural pursuits a wilderness and some of them dug holes to which they were most inclined. The j in the river bank to live in. One hundred Dutch were born traders. Their commercial j passengers sailed with Penn on the Wel¬ sagacity saw that it was not long before j come, nearly one-third of whom died of the Dutch ships sailed away with profitable ' small-pox during the voyage. cargoes of furs and other substantial sources Penn received a gracious welcome from v .» PENN’S TREATY WITH THE INDIANS 1682. AFTER THE PAINTING BY BENJAMIN WEST. the settlers. The record of this reception is interest aroused by this great event, quaint and entertaining. It shows the sol¬ occurred just three weeks before Christinas, emnity and formality adhered to even In a 1GS2, nor the absorbing earnestness which country still in the feeble struggles of in¬ enlivened every face under the broad-rimmed fancy. “On the 27th day of October,” so Quaker hat, and how the fair-haired Swedes i runs the account, “arrived before the town and the phlegmatic Dutch came together to i of New Castle, in Delaware, from England, the meeting. One of the first acts of the < William Penn, Esq., proprietary of Pennsyl¬ assembly was to pass an ordinance uniting \ vania, who produced two certain deeds of the Territories and the province and natural¬ feoffment from the illustrious prince, James, izing Swedes, Dutch and all foreigners within the boundaries of the entire region. ' Duke of York, Albany, etc.” “He, the said William Penn," the annals The great legislative feat of the assembly, j proceed, “received possession of the town however, was “The Great Law,” or the of New Castle the 28th of October, 1082.’’ “body of Laws of the Province of Pennsyl¬ The ceremony of transfer was performed vania and Territories thereunto belonging | in the presence of official witnesses. W 1th passed at an assembly at Chester alias Up¬ groat solemnity one of the commissioners de¬ land. the 7th day of the 10th month, Decem¬ ber, 1682.” livered to Penn tliq key of the fort “in order that he might lock upon himself alone The Great Law represents the final form f the door." Then ho let nlmself out. He in which Penn’s “Frame of Government” also received presents of “turf and twig and and code of “laws agreed upon in Enelnnd” were laid before'the Legislature. This, says water and soyle of the river Delaware, all Bancroft, “is the praise of William Penn of which signified that the land and what that in an age of debauchery and ennu grew upon it as well as the water, belonged skepticism and pessimism, he did not d' to him, and that he held the keys of govern¬ 1 spair of humanity, and though all histo ment. . . , _ and experience denied the sovereignty ^ Within a few weeks of his arrival Penn the people, cared to cherish the noble^ issued writs for an election of members of of man’s capacity for self-government. the General Assembly. It met at Chester, Thus the Great Law was founded i December 4, and remained in session four the Inalienable right, liberty of the days. Even now, through the mists of years ,|o jnake their own laws; and the atte long past, it is not difficult to picture the 1 r ‘ •V I nwfeatipiTnbe Scorreet won Itentlou of sectful ly, S^'ORRISTOWI ^f our cor jiakespeare, 3 is wrong. Session is qu< jjiough I am j born. ^■Shakespeare ^d uot “mai jpn, not to th ||his rnisconc< jtcussed time sy good editi it ter beyond /tout a very i across, some f|anter, who li sate. It is a Jm, is more tl jntt was used t bis brought fi Iventeenth c< |= wn by the ft ^•iterations, ai /‘■high polish, pis is, perha S>rld. NE of on T| phenome I sta1'-” 5 about it, swer tha o have tal many time respondent i i^^^5%'S,^ii'r-'W,ia^Se,n0n!e:i0n is to unders not a sta - meteoric sto dng in great I ENGLAND. WHERE PENN IS^ese bodies, I THE QUAKER MEETING HOUSE AT JORDANS, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, The 213th Anniversary of the Arrh of the Good Ship Welcome—The From Bramble Club Will Decorate the Treaty Monument. Pupils in the public schools of pmii delpltia, to the number of 130,000, are pr< paring to commemorate by approprial ceremonies, the two hundred and thii teenth anniversary of the landing < William Penn oh the shores of the Dell ware. In every class room of schools ii eluded in the great school system fc which the great founder paved the waj the youths who are enjoying the benefit which he ensured them, will rehears the story' of his great deeds, simply pet formed. The anniversary of the landin Pubrc School Children Will Honor the Memory of the Founder. THE PROGRAMME ARRANGED. ithe events with which they were asso¬ affair is as tnc suggester ot the general ciated, occurred to Superintendent Brooks lines upon which the exercises shall take .three years ago, and as a result of his place, indicating the topics *Which might earnest advocacy two days are Set apart be discussed with the best results, at’Yhe in the school year when there Is a varia- seme time keeping in constant view the I tion from the routine of text books and purpose 6/ the occasion. the pupils are encouraged to make a In the circular : which the superin¬ tendent sent to every teacher in the 'personal research and analysis. One is city '156 explained himself fully on this “Penn’s Day,” and the other is "Flag point.-and suggested that in "the exer¬ Day,” when the story of the birth of cises there fc4 included a brief sketch of the star spangled banner is told, and in¬ the life of Penn, of the-: voyage and land¬ cidentally a knowledge of the causes ing of the Welcome, Perm’s- views on loading to the necessity of utilizing the government, his views on education, his serve our Government, we 'must endear handicraft of Betsy Ross are expatiated upon. ■ ~ , , . treatment of the Indians, the "Treaty Superintendent Brooks, in urging his Pmbcti!16 Penn House, early history of plan before the Board of Education, said,: V?nlai .patriotic recitations and “It has been customary in every nation feliigmg of patriotic songs. and fn all ages of the world! to com¬ t.,1IiwQas1 not thought that in each class memorate the founding of the Common¬ out,outh butout ata? ,leastpr°Sra two/ame or wiu three be carriedof wealth or some incident connected with with6Cwn be treated and combined jits origin. Such exercises deepen the gcnuitvhnfetho ?E!eclal features the in- Tense Of patriotism and csv,,*, tn Ic il , t}?? teachers can devise. ,lengthen the attachment to one’s na¬ ?he, leading feature of the whole ive land. The founding of the Comir.on- man is to encourage the habits of re¬ realth of Pennsylvania by William search and analysis by the pupils it is ’enn -stands out as one of the most not- willin’? th at the.honors °f Pfehn’4 Dav ifele events in American history. His wi } hVhLmOS- .Part *lescend. They have the privilege of telling their .unique and lofty personal character and classmates of the many virtues of the his abilities as a Statesman place him Quaktr who was ready to fight for rmht among the greatest men of his age, and > a??d ?°, f° f°r conscience sake His bommand the admiration of mankind. pamphlet controversies will be gone over Indeed it is net too much to say that in apd re(vi!wedi and his Imoaxl and genlrf his views of government and education 4r?st^witbWth b® silown in K’uarp Con- William Penn was undoubtedly the mmrne-s ‘iho the°f thC ^ew England Ks* .« wtl°> the youngsters will arl- wisest and broadest-minded man among the early settlers of this country; and rlibf •wel1’ but were not quite things.’’^ th6lr Way of ^oing about he thus presents a fitting subject for a lesson of patriotism to the pupils of our ONE COMMON FEATURE. public schools.” wHifl10feature of tbe celebration that PROFESSOR BROOKS’ SCHEME. will he common to all the schools wfll The Board of Education viewed* the be the vocal exercises. In all the grades project favorably and the superintendent cd°^rati^nalTstf> «rarn,mar. inclusive, the presented the following report:— SiA?,Dratl0n compulsory, but in tTna “One of the chief objects of the pub¬ higher grades such as theHigh, Manual lic schools is to fit their pupils for the aiid Normal Schools, it la optional with duties of .citizenship. For the accom¬ the faculty as to what course they shall plishment of this purpose, one of the take. In all of them there will bJ ever- < most efficient means is the cultivation ?hS~e sort> howevdr, and while of the sentiment of patriotism; and for wifi Sch°o1. boys will not sing, they I the development of this sentiment, one v.ill hear some instructive lectures frrvm of the most influential agencies is the Professors, and in some calfes m^ commemoration of the great historic ?, s will prepare papers In the lines in¬ events ,-t t <■ .state .cr nation dicated by Superintendent Brooks Th« "On the 27th of October, 1682, ‘the good N°™al Schooi girls, who clafm that The rtason the boys will not sing 13 because ship Welcome’ sailed up the harbor and itney c&nnot, will make mncih en n , landed ori the shores 'if, the Delaware. On the deck of this el stood a man however, and Rre^ent^Clffl exp^^o who bore to a new id a new gospel have exercises of an interesting Pcharac- of civil liberty, h- - hi / -i A herald me doctrine of peace, 3 „ * and charity- v.-I|ilLfeatl11? ,of Penn’s character that a doctrine which it has taken the world 7v'iI!, be most dealt with, will naturally centuries to learn, arid which is just be his views on eduea.tiom In his “Plan beginning to be the policy of the older sv;vaniamsTidnt’”Thee Sroprietor Gf Penn- nations. “New England, with patriotic purpose, abafl --etr^rdaonrirPra°n commemorates the landing of the May¬ flower, and the relation of that event to national, liberty. Pennsylvania, and especially Philadelphia', should1,' it would !v^rr^SS‘Jfssisi Sl '... •••••o'i • ..« | ...a commemorate the landing- of the Wel¬ come, freighted with a purer and nobler doctrine of humanity and civil liberty arts." ViHue and know'ledgfand unstained with any spirit of intolerance and bigotry. I would therefore recom¬ PENN’S FAREWELL LETTER. mend that the superintendent be au¬ thorized to direct the teachers of the Bate, (AlrfYVW >1 House ,5 *Lr“6„ ,st*« PENNSYLVANIA’S GREAT BOUNDARY DISPUTE ’TIS NOT SO EXCITING AS THE VENEZUELAN RUflPUS BUT IT IS MUCiT flORE PERPLEXING. Delawareans Who Do Not Know Where They Live Are Getting Angry and Say They Will Not Live in Pennsylvania Under -Vny Conditions. The New Line Will Work Havoc in Every Direction. The difficult question of the re¬ tlement there will be music in the air. establishment of the colonial twelve- The original cause of all the mile circle boundary line between the trouble is the fact that the exact adjoining States of Pennsylvania and lines of the famous Twelve-Mile-Circle Delaware is practically to-day as far are not known. There is no dispute from real settlement as ever. that the radius should extered twelve There is the fiercest spirit of re¬ miles from the town of New Castle. But no one can furnish authentic sentment aroused, especially among data, such that will not be disputed, the Delaware land owners of White as to what exact point in the town Clay Creek hundred, through whose of New Castle the twelve-mile radius farms the new line runs, on ac¬ commences. This making the mathe¬ count of what they assert to be the matical arc impossible of being ascer¬ illegal acts of the joint commission tained leaves the boundary between which was appointed by the govern¬ Pennsylvania and Delaware, along ors of the two States and whose mis¬ the latter’s northern line, in the air. sion was to re-establish the line and But tradition and usage has placed report to the Legislatures of the two States. It definitely along certain roads, fences and points. These are known It looks now as If it would have by the local property owners and been much better if the whole matter farmers, and are, many of them, had been left untouched. The Dela¬ exactly ascertainable, at this moment, wareans who, under the new alignment through careful examination of the will be placed in Pennsylvania, pro¬ wording of existing and ancient prop¬ pose to oppose, tooth and nail, this ' erty deeds. These are in the pos¬ expatriation, as they call it. They) session of the Delaware families in¬ have numerous backers in the position they take and also a strong and terested in the boundary line question and will be, when needed, laid before growing Sentiment is with them all the General Assembly at Dover. through the State of Delaware. It is claimed from some directions It is claimed that the new boundary that an acceptance of the report of I line as laid down by the joint com-1 the joint commission, by the Legis-1 . mission is simply compromise and that in several notable instances the immemorial rig-hts of certain Dela¬ wareans have been ruthlessly ignored. i Among those in White Clay Creek I hundred whom the action of the com¬ -/D missioners tends to expatriate are John T. Johnson and David Chambers. The latter’s ancestors obtained 1000 acres directly from the Penns. Mr Chambers holds 200 acres of this original grant ht the present moment. It lies in White Clay Creek hundred, Delaware, and is a part of the land taken arbitrarily from Delaware un¬ der the new alignment and placed in ^Pennsylvania. It Is reported thatj PENNSYLVANIA ___/ Inf tn Me^sta^e boundarv n Sh0US terrltorr and the general lines affect- form ei V a part of Penn^L1?,e °R: A 13 the triangular “No Man’s Land,” •Sly pZt 5f t0 Delaware- B is the most of a circle of which arc* The iatter is the segment IseserendiUnStbaCCObrd1^^t0^ Wlffil 6ggerated WAthin the arc’ represent, to an ex-’ dfwn by thegcommission*^ ^^ahon), the new boundary line as laid 66 • irA fc OLD DELAWARE LINE PASSES THROUGH TREE AND MAN. THE FOBE- GROUND IS IN DELAWARE, AND THE HOUSE IS IN PENNSYLVANIA. there are other Instances ot the same t [ kind. the names of the Delaware Commis¬ sioners and surveyor follow. On the The Delaware commissoners are Thomas F. Bayard (the ambassador to north face is “Pennsylvania,” with England), John H. Hoppecker, B. L. the Commissioners of that State. On Lewis, M. D., with Daniel Farrar as the east side are the figures “1892,” surveyor. The Pennsylvania commis¬ and on the west face of the boundary sioners are Hon. Wawne MacVeagh, stone is the legend “Field Work Exe¬ William H. Miller, R. Emmett Mona¬ cuted by the United States Coast and ghan, with Henry H. Smith, surveyor. Geodetic Survey.” They set the first boundary stone, a At an estimate of half a mile or so big granite monolith standing four from this point in the direction of feet out of the ground at a cross Pennsylvania is the old traditional, roads, a few hundred yards east of and, it may be added, always undis¬ Mf. Johnson’s house in White Clay puted, Twelve-Mile-Circle intersection. Creek hundred. To that extent his It throws Mr. Johnson’s house and property has been thrown into Penn¬ property several hundred yards within sylvania, and, constructively, he is no the Delaware side of the line. These more a Delawarean. two widely diverging landmarks he But Mr. Johnson does not think so. shows to those who sympathize with The other day as he pointed out the him. monument stone to the reporter he In the accompanying cut Mr. John- would not follow him into the corner I son is seen standing exactly on the [ line. To his right is the tree which of the field where it stands, but sat i has always been considered by the on the fence, flatly declaring that he present generation at least, as stand¬ would not plant his foot on the ac¬ ing on the old Twelve-Mile-Clrcle line. cursed land—not until the obnoxious Back of Mr. Johnson is Pennsylvania, stone is removed. The day it was and in front of him is Delaware. The placed there the owner of the prop¬ old house in the rear, the tenant house erty ordered the commissioners and of Ross D. Pierson, has always been the workingmen off. He told them considered Just beyond the Delaware they were trespassers, pointing to the fine, and in London Britain township, notice already*' ’ placec’ J there for their Pennsylvania. This point is probably special behoof. nearer three-fourths than half a mile On the south face of the big stone from the newly-located boundary stone is cut in large letters “Delaware,” and Just described. 67 e.0r“"raSailn47fp?^V9 S»”M“ M £©, 'XS^oSrty STM S“ texel Pa*d Dela™ State and county' school and^ JUriSdict1on. for™ Court ot Mew castle county always ruled n ,reCJUIrements haa representing his hundred of Whi««Cla£ ?rek in that State. Whenever Mr. Mackey rose to address and®have ^iirtherf V|1^0n°VTt the c^aJr Pleasantly recog- 2,*f®d 5i m as "the gentleman from ^en^fy^Van^a*M ^r* Mackey had as- plrations to the position of sheriff of nsc'r^ i^ssr^si New Castle county. The sheriffaltv andhethiCh oStH fflc!,aI plum ln Delaware a„ !.¥ continued references to him as a foreigner” nettled him consider^ ..—._u.-T’- *- riTnrn ■ ■ ' •' 3 " ’ .^1 S??eS"mSc2UWARE’ a noted erated under the ™w™Rs™Bon mn?E^'w <>»*.it. AIIGAMEVT- IT diction—Pennsylvania or Delaware— ponged. And, what is equally time the position v,a3 important in the argument, the Penn¬ OOOfor thfiwo to *'3$- sylvania authorities never questioned the term ran rs, durln^ which tne matter.“ , ■ ■ And now comes this JoinJoint 5 &1 tW‘n ‘ commission declaring that these Dela oter S S wareans are Pennsylvanians! H™h°ife m0sti lnterested in the ques- Sl£>SinSrr*r' he.Was 'uusuccest tion have not been counseled with cr Tn ii^f111 , *52. nomination. considered. They, as they state, have been arbitrarily expatriated. But as Lh6nnfeJteiIft6, thei‘r love fQr Delaware somewhat similar to those of A? Courtman Mackey. The legi«sTni-rtr.^te^ij fanner measured in this trifling property alone m leflsIat<5r held cle wZ ai°ng the Twelve-Mile-Cfr j Last. week a constable from Penn- 2,®- opponents openly asserted in Vthma’ S° 11 is reP°rted, made a levy in. the property of one of the “ex- ifirlated'^ The levy was 'resisted on j m the General Assembly. a seat natfo°and °f lack of Jurisdiction. The brnhaHi1S ?v,0W ln the courts, and it is It was Just about the time so 'he robable that the question of State 'story goes, that the Baltimore and sentiment'of ancient Dalaware patriot¬ Ohio Railway Company was endeav- | ism. They assert their personal rights, orlng to obtain charter rights from the i as citizens of the first State to sign Delaware Legislature to run a line the Declaration of Independence, that through the State in competition with they cannot be moved, like pawns the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. on a chess board, from one point to The Baltimore and Ohio fought long another. They are not cattle, to be' and hard, and expended, So it is said, driven over from one line to another) large sums of money in the project. to suit the sudden and arbitrary whims But the best the company’s agents of any alleged owner of themselves! could accomplish. In opposition to the and their property. I They claim their weighty influence of the Pennsylvania good old name and Identity of Dela-! Railroad Company, was to gain half wareans—from ancient descent and och the members outside of one vote. cupation as sound and true, as for in¬ That single vote was the casting vote j stance, the citizens of Maine. They1 and it belonged to the Legislator from draw the analogy that it would be the Twelve-Mile-Circle. Every effort equally wrong for the Federal Govern¬ was renewed to catch his vote. He ment to accede to the recent pre¬ was badgered, cajoled, and pleaded posterous suggestions coming from with. But the poor fellow was best certain Canadians that the United aware of his own weakness. He feared that his right to sit in the House would States cede that northeastern corner be questioned. At length, however, of New England, east from the St. he produced his property tax receipts, Lawrence River to the Atlantic, to the signed by the tax collector of New Dominion, simply in order to straighten Castle county, Delaware. Before the out the international boundary line. law these could not be questioned. They stoutly raise the point of con¬ But meanwhile the Baltimore and stitutional right and the inviolability Ohio Railroad Company had found a of the border line of a sovereign and way out of their difficulty other than independent State. They emphatically in lobbying at Dover Green. The char¬ ' assert that the data in the case have ter rights of the Delaware and West¬ not been sufficiently considered by the ern Railroad Company, a small branch joint commission, especially In so far road running out from Wilmington as the weight of existing and indis¬ past Brandywine Springs, were pur¬ putably authentic deeds should rule. chased from Henry McComb. This These deeds, along with local tradi¬ row was built by Joshua Heald, prob¬ tion, constitute the sole legal ground ably the most enterprising citizen of available for the purposes of final set¬ the metropolis of Delaware of tnose; tlement. by-gone days. In addition, they refer to the condi¬ The charter right of the little road tions of authority vested in the joint was a most valuable one. It was an commission, namely, of “re-establish¬ omnibus bill of such comprehensive ! ing.” This, they say, has not been character that the owners might em¬ done. On the contrary, a totally new bark in any business within Dela¬ Interstate line has been reported and ware's limits, from the construction of stones laid. This Is not re-establish¬ a railroad through the State dowm to ing, but establishing de novo, and Dover or Lewes to the building and therefore unauthorized, and, on the running of an iron foundry or peach face of it, totally illegal. cannery. The railroad was not a suc- The sentiment of State pride, of th 'cess. It was at length disposed of at ■ name of Delawareans, is however, tt j sheriff’s sale, and the statement is inspiring condition actuating the re that the purchaser was Henry Mc¬ monstrants above everything else, Comb at a trifle, something like $o0,- meeting and at table it is the constat 000. But the railroad company had to subject of discussion. At dinner at pay through the nose before it got farm house the other day this fa hold of the valuable charter. The pay¬ was vividly brought to the attentic ment, it is understood, was a cool half of the writer when one of the family million—part in cash and the re¬ just returned from church, referre mainder in railroad company bonds. to the Levitical anathema “cursed fc To all outward appearances matters he that removeth his neighbor’s land are quiet enough at this moment along mark.” the disnnt.ed boundary line. But thel The eastern and southern extensioi sentiment aroused by the remonstrants of the Twelve-Mile-Circle; as may is by no means the “little tempest in af seen in the accompanying map wo teapot” with which light simile somei carry the line across the Delaware i are inclined to laugh off the situation into New Jersey, cutting off a with. slice of that State. It is upon this The public weight of such person¬ basis that to the present day ages as Ambassador Bayard, chairman; wareans claim the water rights of the Delaware Commission, and ol] tween their own State and New Jer¬ Ambassador Wayne MacYeagh, of the sey. There may be found in the New Pennsylvania Commission, tends natu-i Castle eounty records to-day and also rally to carry the idea that there in records now in the hands of Henry can he but little fact or sentiment in Rogers, of New Castle, that the reality in the opposition to the report pie of New Jersey occupying the signed by them and their fellow-Com- ritory of New Jersey within missioners. But the angry Delaward Twelve-Mile-Circle regularly cr property owners are lying law. They the Delaware in their boats to are thoroughly aware of the difficulties their taxes and to vote at New in their way. All in good time they| tie. Jurymen also were contim j will employ counsel. They believe empaneled from this secti»n_ strongly In the justice and the strength Jersey, then recognized In | of their position, and, above all, In th<^ jurisdiction, to serve on ' Castle county panels for tt I 2f irylPg, Delaware eases Tn her civil oviin> vn, ^axxu xvixig; ivucnaei w. Jacobs. Grand Scribe; Thomas R. Pat- anfareenlIn IrlesTreliesL 1 WilfWilliamerkhlS j. ’ Kelly,?aSt CrandGeorge&H ighW The Stone Wlileti Marts the Lines Kendrick, Past Grand High Pries! and at the Present Day. James S. Barber, Past Grand Hi"h ArimStn Bast Grand High Priest Edgar those old days that political limits and AThe deIlyered an address. ; geographical lines of the Twelve-Mile- ihe oldest chapters in the tlnited J Circle were recognised. States are Jerusalem. No. 3 of Phill-' delphia, anterior to 1758; st ’Andrew’s Boston. August 28, 1709, and, Hiram’ :== No. 1, Newtown, Conn., April 29 ]79l’ ters^i-e7^311^! yaNous‘other ’chapl ^ From,. throughout\n Philadelphia and itv Of ionlth Stave-nnder the author- thi /JuC]le warrants, and conferred titled" th deg'^ee uP°n Freemasons en- S 5 ti , the same. desirous of . receiving I uruntnftn Irw,liy.j,1 when^hCh ^thereaSDnry armearen continued cA uv Date, t */•m several of the Arch Chaptms a stron” i' °harf® of them. The Grand Chapter v as therefore instituted, on the °3d of November. 17!)5 in the >T . r Meeting ^,1. ’7,,the Flee Quaker ner of ^ tl?e southwest cor- 5ef , . ^J^th and Arch streets PhiH ROYAL ARCH MASONS delphia,, in which place a ldSonK lodge Toom had been fitted and fur- II AilfhnnbhU+tt,f0Ur years previous. THEY CELEBRATE THE 10OTH AN¬ Although the destruction of the Ma- f0°illc Han by fire in 1819 caused great NIVERSARY OF THE GRAND n the hthe-MaSOfls of Pennsylvania CHAPTER. records thnen5,-°f Parly a11 their old i UodTkotk! a™refSec°tfaWm&te n Interesting- Bit of History Con¬ date Th^tVVh7' t0 the Present cerning; the Founding- of This the minufes^ t?e Branch of Masonry in Pennsylva¬ ingethirVneRrd approyed’” thus show¬ nia. ing that there was an older book of minutes which had been misled or lost. The 'records of the rtpanri t HI The Grand Chapter of Holy Royal also show that the chapterwo® “ch Masons of Pennsylvania cele- under the. warrant of Lodge No Y ted its one hundredth anniversary’ ad an existence previous to 1758.' Renaissance Hall, in the ' Masonic imple, yesterday afternoon. The nd officers in attendance were: .-anion Ezra S. Bartlett, Most Ex- ient Grapd_High Priest; Richard >JFr.' m eldest of the fifteen children of Daniel Mlt- flin, the son of Edward, returned to riiila- • delphia. This Warner Mifflin was one of the most distinguished members of the family. His home was in Kent county, Delaware, and much concerning his wealth and his dealings with his slaves is to be found in a curious book called “Lettres d’un Cultiva- teur Americain,” by St. John de Creve-Coeur. Warner Mifflin endeavored to bring about an armistice between Howe and General Washington, and his conduct during the yel¬ low fever epidemic was of the highest order Dates ...AH. of courage. Next in order among the Sons of John Mifflin, Jr., was George, a prominent man in Philadelphia in his day. His son John, also a prominent and wealthy ihan, was the father of General Thomas Mifflin, the most distinguished of the family. Thomas Mifflin, P1«B£RS OF THE the first Governor of Pennsylvania, was born in 1744, and died in 1800, after a career full of honors. He was sent to the Provincial Legislature in 1771, and was one of the oremost in urging the cause of independence. Later he was chosen one of the delegates to MEN WHO HAVE HONE HONOR TO AN he Congress, and after aiding in the mus¬ tering of • troops, entered the army as a OLD NAME IN THIS STATE. major. In 1776 he was commissioned briga¬ dier general. He fought at Princeton, but resigned after the battle of Germantown. THE DEATH OF JAMES MIFFLIN At the close of the war he was Speaker of the Pennsylvania Legislature in 1785, a dele¬ •*. __ gate to the Constitutional Convention, presi¬ By It is Dost One of the Best Representa¬ dent of the Executive Council from 1788 to tives of a Stock That Antedates the Coming December, 1790, president of the Pennsyl¬ vania Constitutional Convention, and Gov¬ of Penn—The MifHins at Fountain Green. ernor of the State for nine years. Just be¬ One of the First English Families in Penn¬ fore his death he was re-elected to the Leg¬ islature. He died rather suddenly at Lan¬ sylvania. _ caster, and is buried there. In the recent death of James Mifflin Phil¬ George Mifflin, the brother of Thomas, was adelphia lost one of the best representatives also distinguished during the revolution, and of a family whose name was familiar before left two children, Elizabeth, who married the landing of Penn. The Mifflins were in¬ Dr. Casper Wistar, and Thomas, who mar¬ deed one of the earliest, if not actually the ried Sarah Large. Their eighth child, Will¬ first of the English families, settled in Penn¬ iam, born, in 1820, and the only one to marry sylvania, as appears by a grant of lands at out of the large family, married his cousin, Ilpland by Governor Andros in 1080, and by! Ann Poulteney Large, in 1839, and their son, the family tradition that John Mifflin, senior James Mifflin, was horn in the following and John Mifflin, junior, the first colonists, I year. had settled among the Swedes. Their names had already appeared on a petition to the To return to the children of John Mifflin, Duke of York dated at Burlington, in 1079, Jr., two other of these may be mentioned. and the Mifflins were probably among the John, born at Fountain Green in 1090, and colonists who came ■ over in the five ship Jonathan, who was three times married, and loads of Quakers who reached Burlington in was a man of wealth and importance. His 1677-8. The land granted to John Mif¬ first wife, Sarah Robinson, was the daughter flin, senior, an.d John Mifflin, junior, of an Englishman who had been redeemed by Andros consisted of 300 acres on from slavery in Morocco by the Quakers. the east bank of the Schuylkill, now included John Mifflin, the third, had a son John In Fairmount Park, and comprising in part, Mifflin, the fourth, born in 1720, who signed the lovely estate known as Fountain Green.1, the non-importation resolutions of 1765, and The grant was confirmed by Penn in 1684, j was a prominent merchant of Philadelphia. and for many years the Mifflins were asso¬ His son, the fifth John Mifflin, was the ciated with this neighborhood. The old father of Brigadier General James Ewing Mifflin house, of which the only remaining Mifflin, of Revolutionary fame. His de¬ trace is a few crumbled bricks, remained in scendants live at Columbia, Pa. the possession of a branch of the family John Mifflin, the third, also had a son Jon¬ until 1800. It was afterward destroyed by athan, who, like his uncle Jonathan, was fire. The country place had been the home married throe times. This Jonathan Mifflin of six generations of the family. Just when was a conspicuous member of the family. the old mansion was built is uncertain, but Born at Fountain Green about 1752, he was as the original settlers, father and son, be¬ trained as an East India merchant. He was gan building very soon, the house may have Deputy Quartermaster General when been, an enlargement of the house left by Thomas Mifflin was Quartermaster General, John Mifflin, Jr., to his wife Elizabeth. and saw active service during the Revolu¬ tion. According to family tradition it was John Mifflin, Jr., married Elizabeth Hardy, Jonathan Mifflin who save Lafayette from and had nine children, of whom the oldest, capture at the battle of the Brandywine. Edward, moved to Accomac county, Vir¬ Jonathan Mifflin, the elder, horn at Foun¬ ginia. Of his descendants some remained tain Green, in 1704, had several children, in Virginia, and one, Warner Mifflin, the whose descendants are to-day bearing such old Quaker names as Morris, Hacker and j Vs' • ¥■ ■-wr wm. Jones. HTs son, SamueT Morris, signed the non-importation resolutions, and was active Mbile the. (loath of James Mifflin will he throughout the Revolution in aiding the pa¬ profoundly lamented throughout his inti.uatd triot cause, both with money and as a mili¬ tiaman. He was President Justice of the !Ta« ar'es m social and business chan? nels, the keenest sorrow is felt in the fain-* Common Pleas in 1773. His daughter Sarah, married Colonel Turbult Francis, ehaew6 Thei'f thG l0vc!-'' ^tributes of h“ chaiacter inspired the highest measure oi brother of Tench Francis. Their son Sam¬ altection and reverence. He was the om uel, who reassumed the name of Mifflin, was household god of the parental home and a* the progenitor of the Boston Mifl'lins. filial and devoted a son as ever blest a house- The younger Jonathan Mifflin had several hold circle. His world centered at the famih children, of whom only one grew up, and altar where as son and as husband he shot that was Samuel Wright Mifflin, of Colum¬ the richest lustre upon domestic happiness bia, Pa., who died in 1S85, in his eighty-first and where his death leaves as the siher year. Samuel Mifflin was one of the first |(lining to the deep cloud of bereavement 'he' railroad engineers in America, and as one of (most grateful memories of; one of the purest the builders of the old Columbia Road en¬ jjand best of lives and the illustration of the joyed a distinctive reputation in this State. [jinost conscientioust i z e nsjiijp, The famous “Horse Shoe Curve” was prac¬ tically his location, and he was a man of wide cultivation and great power of mind. He wras also a man of deep piety and was one of the very early abolitionists. The present representative of this dis¬ From,_ tinguished family is William Mifflin, who represents General Thomas Mifflin, of the Revolution and first Governor of the State, in the Society of the Cincinnati, and James Mifflin, who died but a few days ago, was his only child. He fell in the race when just in the full vigor of his manhood, and the Bate, . quiet, unassuming manner he ever exhibited throughout his life made him little known beyond the limited circle of close personal friendship. Born to fortune and to the high¬ rti fit .tv _v a a — — - - , - -.---p ■ est social rank, he had little incentive to It was easy to be seen that this was the aggressive participation in public conflict, last day of the meeting of the Political and his personal modesty,which was equaled I only by his intelligence, made him unknown Science Association of the Central States. |and uufelt in general affair?; He had to be The morning session opened at 10 o’clock well known to be appreciated, and to those :his morning- with barely fifty people pres¬ who became closely connected with him by ent. There were a few members of the I the ties of friendly intercourse he was one economic iVssociation present, but they ! of the most charming companions as well as were very few. Most of the members of lone of the most entertaining and instructive this association left on late trains after conversationalists. the dinner last night, others left on early,! • While apparently taking no part in public trains this morning. President Clarliu affairs or political disputations, he was one came in during the marrning session, shootf jOf the closest and most intelligent observers hands with a few of his intimate friemls of everything that pertained to the political, a.nd left._:J__ j financial, commercial, industrial and social “On Braddock’s Road.” interests of the community, and only those who had the benefit of his confidence could “A Hay on Braddock’s Road” was the judge how eminently useful he might have subject of a paper by Reuben G. been had he entered into active participa- Thwaites, secretary Wisconsin Historical | tion in public affairs. He was thoroughly Society^.; familiar with the statesmanship of the eovm- Mr. Thwaite’s paper dealt with an his¬ jtry, the master of every public question on torical pilgrimage made by himself and wife, one day last May, to scenes in the I which public sentiment was divided, and his Laurel hills of western Pennsylvania, 1 fidelity to his convictions exhibited the no¬ made famous in 1754 by Washington, and blest qualities or manhood. He was thor- to some other points of interest on the | oughly sincere and- honest in all things; in Braddock road, which runs over the mountains between Cumberland, Md., and discharging his public duties as a citizen, in Brownsville, Pa., a distance of sixty-three his private intercourse with his fellow men, ] miles. His point of departure was Browns- in the large business operations which came . ville, which is the “Redstone" of the under his care, and he was liberal and gen¬ eighteenth century. “Redstone,” he said,, | "is a sort of shrine to the student of erous in faith and action. He was especially western history, albeit a smoky, dusty minute and accurate in his information re¬ i shrine, with the smell of iubricators and lating to colonial history, as may be under¬ i the noise of hammers, and mueh talk stood when it is stated that he was Lieuten¬ I thereabout of the glories of Mamon, ant Governor of the General Society of the for it was the center of the first English Colonial Wars, Vice President of the Penn¬ 1 settlements west of the Aileg-anies, prom? sylvania Society of the Colonial Wars and inent in the annals of the French-Eng- lish struggle for the mastery of the Ohio,- one of its founders, and a member of the , and long the chief point of departure for board of the Pennsylvania Society of the expeditions down that river, it being the Sons of the Revolution, in which he was the >; terminus of one of two great pioneering representative of his great-granduncle, Gen¬ paths across the Alleganies—the other be¬ eral Mifflin. He was also a long and promi¬ ing Boone’s trail, afterward known as nent member of the Philadelphia Club, as the ‘Wilderness road,’ through Cumber¬ well as a member of a number of other prom¬ land Gap.” After outlining the interesting history inent social club organizations. of- Braddock's road—how it was first known to the Indians as “Nemaeolin’s . I path,” then was used by Gist for the y „ • 7 -V , ■ Ohio company, then by Washington, in ?h”fl°4S ofntheecom,Tryeffrr°U*i(’* sal“ 1753-5-1, ■ and by Braddock in 1755—the es- j ington, less than i ,whlch Wash” sayist, described his own railway trip up fired the first gun virtually the valley of the romantic mountain tor¬ years ago. That fA,- J??,n2red and forty rent of- Redstone creek to (Jniontown, in stood, at Jumonville’s grave £,ashingtori the center of the coking district. Here bar’s camp, was the e. and at Dun- a carriage was taken for the points of liberty as against contfnenta? ?/ Enklish interest along the Braddock road—or the to all the white dwellers^ lvr d®sPOtism, "Cumberland pike,” as it is locally known. ca-the fathers of these hom^°rP, Ameri The road, as it zigzzags up into the heart tended that liberty to all rie^ ho7s ex' upon American soil thif= £ ot men of the Laurel range, is remarkably pictur¬ task so well begun." S eomPleting the! esque, “the h.lls scattered aboht like hay¬ cocks, their sunny sides checkered with The .. Ej*rly Rei'resenta‘ion. rectangular fields of yellow, brown and gray, and whitewashed hamlets dotting the green depths." r’ The Old Mountain Tavern. As the historical pilgrims went on their follows: diversity of Chicago, as way, they met some ol’ the mountaineers, and the paper gave specimens of their pe-, phi cal Society a^Philtdt^h^0311 PM1°so- culiar dialect. They took dinner at the Gllpin, E.sq:, permislion eM ?ave Th«- / paper, entitled, -<£ ,*£°-£.ead-a printed / ojd coaching tavern at Braddock’s Run, of Minorities of Electors to Act With within sight of Braddock’s grave. This the Majority in Elected Assemblies.’ The was bhe of several such houses along tho‘ paper had been printed by the author- at road in the 20’s and 30’s, when it was “tha j. his own expense, and dedicated to the so- great transmontane highway, over which I ciety. The date at the end of the paper ■ is May 1, 1844, In the dedication May 3, lolled a motley throng of immigrants, 1844. tourists, traders and speculators on foot, ; "Two copies of the pamphlet are in the on horseback, and in every imaginable Philadelphia library, one is reported to conveyance, bound for the unfolding be in the Harvard College library, and West." But most of these taverns ire I there are probably also copies in other now gone. “No' more are they the scenes libraries, though the writer has not been able to find any such. It is a small pam¬ of nightly uproar, the crack of drivers’i phlet of fifteen pages, and was reprinted whips, the shouts and imprecations of a in the Penn Monthly in 1872. rushing throng eager to reach the West¬ “This paper is remarkable as being one J ern goal; to-day they are peaceful spots, of the first, if not the very first, of tno much affected by summer ooarders Irom systematic discussions of the plan now Pittsburg and Uniontowh, and existing known, as minority or proportional repre¬ but in the shadow of their old-time glory,'’ sentation. The paper antedates Thomas ] After visiting Braddock’s grave they Hare’s earliest essay on the subject of proceeded two miles further to Great minority representation by thirteen years, Meadows, where Washington was defeat-' and that of James Garth Marshall by al¬ ed by the French under DeVilliers, m 1754 most ten years. dhe essayist described the appearance oil "The author wrote in a city, the mem¬ this marshy basin set in low-lying hills bers of whose legislative body, called and tpld of what remains of the 0],j councils, were elected at the time on a earth-works of Ft. Necessity, which he1 general ticket by a majority vote. The ( carefully measured with compass and pa-- results had become unsatisfactory. It. - ing. He found the outline, contrary to the seemed to Gilpin that such a plan was based on two principles, one of which 1 n8tm'Ptll0i!S ^ Lewis (lSbi) and'Sparks (1830), to be an equilateral triangle, with was sound and the other unsound. It is sides of about a hundred and twenty feet, ’ right that the majority shall govern, but not right that the voice of the minority Killing- of Jumonville. shall be unheard. He, therefore, under¬ Briefly outlining- the story of the killing 1 took to examine the question whether a of JumonviHe by Washington, and the ! legislative assembly can toe so elected as latter s defeat at Ft. Necessity, the es¬ to represent the respective interests of the sayist took his hearers off across country community in deliberation, and to allow to the majority that control in its de¬ to 'Washington’s Springs, where the cisions .to which it is eh-titleJ. buckskin general" spent the night before Philadelphia's Political Evils. he met the spying Jumonville; to Jumoii- ville’s grave, "where was fired the first "The political evils from which the city shot in the final, struggle between France of Philadelphia suffered at that time seem and England for the control of the conti¬ to be the same as at present—bossism and nent , and finally to Dunbar's camp. Col. the subordination of local to national is¬ , Dunbar was in charge of Braddock's sues. The caucus comes in for severe | heavy reserves. The following year (1755) criticism, and one of the arguments the -t was at this place, that the shattered author advances for his system is tha', army rallied for a moment, “and from in his opinion, it would prevent ‘those I here commenced that shameful retreat at hasty and unjust displacements from of¬ a time when the victorious but apprehen¬ fice which have taken place, by granting sive French and Indians—many of them, to the successful party all the benefits cf by the way, from our own Wisconsin-^ office, so offensive to the sentiments and were themselves in flight toward Ft. feelings oDa large and independent part of Duquesne.” the community, desirous only of a steady, “Not far from Dunbar’s camp, with its just and impartial administration of gov¬ stirring memories of border warfare, and ernment.’- From which it would seem as a half dozen miles east of Uniontown is If the spoils system hadi already become one Of the admirable soldiers’ orphans’ I firmly established in Philadelphia by 1840 schools, of which there are several in 1 ennsylvania. Emerging from the rough or even earlier. torest road which passes the eastern gate "The system of election by a majority, of the institution, we drove through the as distinct from’plurality, vote, the author grounds, as a cut-short to the Uniontown thinks, was occasioning many evils—not pike, just as the sun was sinking over- the least among them that of giving to a the edge of Laurel hill. The smartly-uni- . formed school lads were drawp up in small third party an entirely - dispropor¬ tionate influence, when the two great matured plan’ tot minority representation parties were nearly equal in numbers. which had gained public attention among Thus, he said, the system of majority us. Indeed, Fisher could hardly have es¬ voting in Massachusetts had thrown an caped seeing the pamphlet itself, as Gil¬ entirely undue power into the hands of pin doubtless sent copies to ail his col¬ the abolitionists, who, by giving their sup¬ leagues in the society. port first to one party and then to an¬ “Salem Dutcher, In his ‘Minority or other, could practically make its own Proportional Representation’ (New York terms, and was thus forcing both the 1872), speaks of it as the first essay on other parties to becopie radical on the the subject of minority representation in slavery issue, when, otherwise, neither English, and states that only one copy of them would have been so. Nor dii was known to be in existence. he think that the plan of plurality voting “Thomas Gilpin, the author of the just then adopted by Massachusetts as a pamphlet—which, whether the first or not remedy for this evil, would help matters; is certainly an early and cogent argument on the contrary, it would make it worse, for the principle of fair play for the mi¬ since it might give to a party, absolutely norities—was born in Philadelphia in 1776 in the minority, the power of controlling and died in the same city in 1853. He was the public pojicy _of the community with¬ a successful paper manufacturer, and has out consulting the other parties at all. the credit of having introduced many im¬ provements into that branch of industry The Proposed Plan. in this country. He came of good old “The plan proposed by the author tvas Quaker stock. His father. Thomas Gil¬ very simple. Each party was to put up pin, was banished from Philadelphia at its candidates as usual—a number equal the outbreak of the Revolution on ac¬ to the whole number to be elected. The count of supposed sympathy with Eng¬ land. He had felt in his life the bitter¬ voting was to- go on in. the usual way. ness of belonging to a minority, which each voter having one vote for each of not only was unrepresented, but was noc , say twenty men—that was the number • even allowed to speak on its own behalf then in Council. After the election each His son, whose thoughts may have been party was to have a number of repre¬ turned to the subject by the experience sentatives. assigned to • it, bearing the of his father, gathered together a series same ratio to twenty as its vote bore to of papers relating to the treatment of these Quakers, and published them in 1843 the total vote. The names standing firfet J under the title: ‘Exiles in Virginia, With on the party list should be declared Observations on the Conduct of the Society elected until the number assigned to the of Friends During the Revolutionary party should be exhausted. The system War.’ is worked out in considerable detail in the Members of Philosophical Society. pamphlet. It is practically the Free List “Father and son were members of the System, whieh has been adopted of late Philosophical Society, the former one of in portions of Switzerland. the first members; the latter elected in “There is no indication in the proceed¬ 1S14. Thomas Gilpin was a regular at¬ ings of the American Philosophical Soci¬ ety that the paper was discussed in that tendant at the meetings of the Philosoph¬ body, either at the time or later; nor is it ical Society, and dedicated other pam¬ very apparent from the history of the phlets than the one on ‘Minority Repre¬ times what the immediate occasion was sentation' to the society, notably one en¬ which gave rise to the paper. The sub¬ titled ‘An Essay on Organic Remains, as ject of representative reform was of Connected with an Ancient Tropical Re¬ course on the tapis at that time. The gion of the Earth.’ }fw.?t Congress requiring the States to * “The history, of this pamphlet on pro¬ be divided into single-member districts had ortiy just been passed, after great portional representation illustrate®, in a excitement in Congress, in answer to a j striking way, now mere is a timWTbr foi',faire.r representation and a everything, and how everything must chance for the minority. It is quite pos- wait for its time. Written at a period f?ore detailed researches will when there was a general demand for lc}eas were advanced by some kind of reform in our system of duri^ discussion inci¬ dent to this act of Congress. At present representation, it undertook to show how, they seem, in this form at any rate "o by adopting a system of proportional, rep¬ resentation, the general ticket and caucus even ife?he°rLgiaali Wituh Thom'as Gilpin; ■ had also been advanced be- system could be made to yield satisfac¬ wnters and thinkers in Europe tory results. It failed to accomplish its which does not yet appear. pe’ immediate purpose; and only now, after Credit Given To Gilpin. fifty years, is beginning to bear practical fruit. The' caucus system' and the single- Hare does not mention having seen member district .system have not yielded this pamphlet, though the expressions, the result hoped for. Whether any scheme quota and representative quota,’ are of proportional or minority representation here used much in the Hare sense. J. can do better, may be a. question; but it Francis Fisher, of Philadelphia, in his begins to look as if some such method Degradation of Our Representative Sys¬ were destined tO‘ have a trial, and, in tem and Its Reform’ (Philadelphia, 1863) such an event, Gilpin’s plan has much to claims to have worked out a plan similar recommend it.” jF, to Hare s before the latter. had published anything upon the subjcet. In such a case he may have been indebted to Gil- From,. p.n, or, at least, to the discussion which Gilpm started, for the fundamental thought, but if so, he forgot to give Gil¬ pin credit for it. Fisher was also a mem¬ ... ber of the Philosophical Society, and may ! have heard Gilpin’s paper. He must have 1 known of Kane’s claim for Gilpin in the ! zr« obituary notice of the latter, read before 1 Date, s X / the society February 17, 1854, in which he ! said that Gilpin had proposed the first i / time as President, March 4, nas. -rms Wftl. PENN AM) PH iLADELPHJLA, would have been a splendid selection if , Washington was sworn into office in this His Prayer, Counsel and Good Wishes for particular room, but he was not, as this particular room was not in existence the City That Ke Pounded. then. To thp Editor of "The Press,” In the Columbian Magazine of Jan touud the inclosed among some uary, 1790, is a view of the building at letters, belonging- to my father! I do southeast corner of Sixth and Chestnut Ki°rm“'novv whether it has been in print Streets, and it is a view of the Sixth <5il r whether it has ever been prlnt- Street side and the rear of the build¬ thoushi it might interest the ing. Here it can be seen that there were five windows on the Sixth Street side q uTr1!1116 Press.” Its wise qoun- &ei w oulci be or value, especially during and two chimneys, and that the rear wall conforms to the present rear wall ihfthe 'itrifetimeS aS We have had dur- omitting the excrescence put there re¬ cently. That this picture was not a Philadelphia, ftJT'gp'• «*»«*■ "fake,” I took the trouble to inquire Ahe inciosure referred to is as fol¬ into to-day, and found that the Sixth lows Street side originally was like it, count¬ ing the five windows on the west wall i Penn returned to England in From Chestnut Street I came a few feet loht, and on board the vessel he wrote a further on, to the iron water-spout, letter to "Thomas Lloyd, J. Claypole, J. which I found covered the joint where Smicock, C. Taylor and James Harrison, an addition had been built, and upon to be communicated in meetings in Pa. going Into the cellar saw the founda¬ tion walls of the old building and the and to the territories thereunto belong¬ addition side by side, the old of stone ing, among Friends.” The following is and the new of brick, and in the loft the extracted from It. original timber of the south end of the And thou, Philadelphia, the virgin set¬ old building. On the Sixth Street side tlement of this province, named before one can easily see where the old cornice thou wast born, what love, what care, ended and where originally the water pipe was. ,what service and what travail has there It was In this original building in been to bring thee forth and preserve which Congress originally met, the Rep- thee from such as would abuse and de- . resentatives occupying the whole of the £ ® th®?- 0!l>. t}!at thou mayst be. kept first floor and the Senate the second." ih ™ !,'e, evil that wovtld overwhelm I Tbe House of Representatives occupied thee., that, faithful to the God of thv I the room in the south part of the buil¬ ding and covered only t.he fourth and ‘ "!eYGL';rS’ tho,u n:ayst be preserved to the . fifth window's from Chestnut Street, and end. My soul prays to God for thee, that ' the Senate chamber was directly above sta:id in the day of trial, it and of the same size. that thy children may be blessed of the After Washington was inaugurated Lord, and thy people saved by His power. here it was found expedient to increase M> .ove to thee has been great and the the sice of the building and in the Sum¬ mer of 1793 the addition—south of where omembranee of thee affects my heart the water-spout now is—was erected, and and eye The God of eternal strength this gave the Representatives a very large room on the first floor and the thy peace ”reSel V6 th°e t0 Hls glory and Senate the room now being “restored” for the “Dames,” or which only a few feet on the north side "was part of the OLD CONGRESS HALL. original Senate chamber, in which Wash¬ ington was inaugurated. The plans of the interior of the build¬ Seme Changes Made in the Building Since ing as it originally was have not been Washington Was President. drawn, the architect having only made To the Editor of "Tbe Press.” them of the building now standing as it was supposed to have originally been. Sir:—The address which Judge Penny- The “Dames” have been urging that packer delivered September 16, 1895, at not only the State House but the old the last session of the Court of Common Congress HaJ.l be restored to its original Pleas No. 2, in the old Congress Hall appearance. If their wish is carried out building, at the southeast corner of the west wall of Congress Hall will be only five windows deep and the Senate Sixth and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, chamber will become the quarters of has just been printed for the Philadel¬ the “Wars,” since their present quarters phia Bench and Bar. There are some cover the original Senate chamber and Illustrations in the pamphlet of old and there being- no second-3tory back room modern views of this historical build¬ for the “Dames," they would have to ing, and the study of them and the ac¬ take up their quarters in the old House of Representatives room on the first companying text leads me to the belief floor. J. IC. W. that there is a discrepancy in the tra¬ Philadelphia, January 11, 1893. ditions of the building; in the idea of the original floor-plans, as drawn by the architect who has the "restoring” of Description of Pennsylvania, 1683. the rooms of the building in his charge, From an Unpublished Letter from William Penn to 1 and in the claims for the work by the the Duke of Ormonde, in Notes and Queries. Colonial Dames. It will be recalled that the building has “I thank god I am safely arrived in the been given into the care of the local province that the providence of god and societies of Colonial Wars and Colonial Bounty of the King hath made myne, and Dames and that these two societies which the credit, prudence and industry of jointly occupy it. Upon gaining posses¬ the people concerned with me must render sion, committees from these societies se¬ lected the rooms they wished to oc¬ Considerable. I was received by the ancient cupy as headquarters. The"Dames” being Inhabitants with much kindness and re¬ allowed to make the first choice, select¬ spect and the rest brought it with them; ed the second-story back room, and There may be about four (f. 215b) thousand the “Wars” the second-story front, the soules In all, I speak, I think within com¬ "Dames” making the selection they did because the room was occupied by the pass; we expect an increase from France, United States Senate, and because in it Holland and Germany, as well as our Na¬ Washington was inaugurated the second tive Country. _ “The land is Generally good, well water’d nouildmgs, set back among venerable and not so thick of wood as imagin’d; there trees, behind high brick walls, are scat¬ are also many open places that have been tered about the city in the rniclst of the old Indian fellds, the trees that grow here roar ancl vehicular tumult of business; are the Mulberry, white and red, walnut, some of them darkened by the tower¬ black, gray and Hickery, Poplar, Cedar, ing walls ol’ blocks and factories; and Cyprus, chestnut, Ash, Sdrsafrax, Gum, pine. J begirt with the clamorous trolley. They Spruce, oake, black, white, red Spanish ; are little islands of holy calm in a. sea j chesnut and Swamp which has a leafe like of noise and contention. Within the 1 [grass-grown plots around the meeting j a willow, and is most lasting. '{The food the '’houses, with the gray corner of a last- ; woods yeild is your Elks, Deer, Racoons, century tombstone showing here and' Beaver, Rabbets, Turkeys, Phesants, heath¬ there above the turf, there is a hush, birds, Pidgeons and Patredges, innumera¬ and a sweet garment of silenee enfolding bly; we need no setting dogs to ketch, they the place through the days between vhe ] run by droves into the house in cold weather. [gatherings of the friends. To the! Our Rivers have also plenty of excellent ! I wanderer who looks through the gate- ' fish and water foul, as Sturgeon, rock, shad, '' way with world-weary eyes there is herring, cadfish, or flattheads, sheepsheads! something plain and sweet and old roach, • and jjerch, and 'trout in inland about the meeting house that Soothes Streames; of foule, the Swan, white, gray 1 like the soft touch of a mother’s hand and black goose, and brands, (f. 216) the best i duck and teal I ever eate, and the Snipe and : on the troubled forehead. the Curlue with the Snowbird are also ex¬ Many persons have no time for senti¬ cellent. X ment, and if they glance in at the meet¬ “The Aire is sweet and cleare which makes ing house they think only that a great a sereen and steady sky, as in the more deal of valuable property is taken up southern parts of France. Our Summers by a church that should be moved out and Winters are commonly once in three years in extreames; but the Winters Seldom from the business part of the town. Eut last above ten weeks and rarely begin till the to one who loves old days and ways latter end of December; the days are above and the memorie.s of the. times. whose two hours longer, and the Sun ranch hotter charms • are magnified "< through, the here then with you, which makes some vista of the years, and whose faults are recompense for the sharpe nights of the veiled in the mistiness of past time, Winter season, as well ajs the woods, that these places are among the dearest ireas- make cheap and great tires. We have of graine, wheat, maize, rye, barly, oates Sev¬ I ures of the old Philadelphia. eral! excellent sorts of beans and peas, pump- These meeting houses were not built kens, water, and mus mellons, all englesh l in the thick of the city’s traffic, but roots and Garden stuff, good fruit and excel¬ placed in the pleasant woodland, where | lent Sider, the Peach we have in divers the deer broke across the path from j kinds, and very good, and in great abund¬ the city to the church, and the wild J ance. The Vine (of severall sorts and the turkey whirred from the undergrowth. : signe with us of rich land) is very fruitfull and tho not so sweet as some I have eaten j 'When1 pretty Quaker maidens were trip- I in Europe, yet it makes a good wine, and ping- to meeting to hear their fathers j the worst, good vinegar, (f. 216b.) I have pray for King George Fourth Street was i observed three sorts, the Great grape that on the edge of the town. There was j has green, red, and black, all ripe on the ! A Friends’ meeting house away out in same tree, the muskedel! and black little ! Centre Square, near what is now the grape which is the best, and may be im¬ [ corner of Broad and Market Streets, and prov’d to an excellent wine. Thes are spon¬ taneous. Of Cattle, we have the horse not I the walk was long from town through very handsome, but good. Cow Cattle’ and the woods. At Sixth and High (Market) Streets there was a rustic branch in a apfceln mUCh pIeuty’ aud sheeP encrease grove called the “Half-Way Post,” where “Our town of Philadelphia is seated be¬ the young- folks were wont to tarry tween two navigable rivers, haveimr from on a warm day until lake for meeting. 4 to 10 fathom water, about 150 houses Up The Center Square wras so far out from in one yeare, and 400 Country settlements1 l thus do we labour to render ourselves an j town and the walk was so lonely for mdustreous Colony, to the honour and bene- the womenfolk that a meeting house was litt of the Crown, as well as our own comfort built on the bank of the Delaware for evening meeting especially. ated m™’’86’ anCl l6tt there not be seper- x:;> xx xr> ij xt> Xxxx- Spots of Holy Calm in the Heart of the Bustling City—In the Footsteps of “ Evangeline ”—The Ancient Almshouse Where She Met “Gabriel” and Her Supposed Burying Place. u air of infinite penc s and restfulness - A * s*- about the old Quaker meeting^ - *r MC .; s of Philadelphia. The plain brick r. ar\ ‘•THE ARCH STREET MS!ETiNt3T~ than now. The young people have'a The meeting- house at Fourth and away with the sober drab of their fa Arch Streets is the most interesting in ers, and only at “monthly meeting” ti the town, for although not quite a cen¬ one be sure to see a group of swee tury old, the Society of Friends, which faced women in quaint bonnets a has worshiped within its walls, built gowns- of subdued shades, and sturdj this house when their first building be¬ looking men wearing the broad-brimmeo came too small, arid goes back almost hat above their strong, kindly faces, rio to the beginning of the colony. Beneath longer young. When this meeting house and about this meeting house is the old¬ was new, however, the Quaker lassies est burying ground of Philadelphia, in dared not dally with feathers and rib¬ ■which were interred in the first years bons and buckles. But did that keep of the town Indians, blacks and strang¬ them from aborning themselves and look¬ ers, as equal In death. The first person ing as sweet and winsome as possible buried In this ground was the wife of when they walked out on Front Street Governor Lloyd, at whose grave William of an afternoon? Not a whit. A French Penn spoke in eulogy of the dead. The traveler said at the end of the last cen¬ descendants of the Lloyd family, includ¬ tury ing the Norrises, have occupied this cor¬ “The Quaker matrons wear the gravaht ner where Mrs. Lloyd was- buried as colors, little black bonnets and their their exclusive ground for nearly two hair simply turned hack. The young centuries and a half. women cut their hair with great caie Several years ago an ancient headstone and anxiety, which costs them as much of soapstone was dug up with this time as the most exquisite toilet. They curious epitaph still legible:— wear little hats covered with silk or “IJere lies a plant, satin. They are remarkable for their Too many seen it. . choice of the finest linens, muslins and Flourisht and Perisht silks. Elegant fans play between their In half a minit. fingers. Oriental luxury itself would not Joseph Rakestraw The son of William, disdain the linen they wear.” Shot by a negro Another serious-minded foreigner ob¬ The 30 day of Sept served with lugubrious air: “Ribbons 1700 in the 19th year pic-ase young Quakeresses as well as And 4th month of his age.” others, and are the great enemies of the The untimely end of Joseph, who “fiour- sect.” Isht and perisht” in half a minute is TRIALS OF THE YOUNG FOLK. sad reading, but his death is not only a tragedy, but a mystery. The metaphor The dear little girls were allowed to of a plant is all right, but why had “top go to “evening meeting” for a while, many seen it?" Had he led an unseem¬ but there was too much chance for stolen ly life, and had he been an object of re¬ whispers and walks and conspiracies proach among the sober and God-fearing- going- to and from the meeting house, folks about him? There is a letter from and so the evening meetings were stop¬ Mr. Norris, written in 1700, that throws ped,and a stern-hearted chronicler whose some light on the death of poor young daughter perhaps eloped on a pillion be¬ Joseph Rakestraw: “Jack, a black man, hind her lover, wrote of the trouble in: this sour fashion:— belonging to Philip Caines, was wording it with Joseph, half in jest and half in “The Friends were long accustomed to earnest, when his gun went off and killed hold night meetings on Sunday. This him on the spot. The negro was put to was continued until after the Revolu¬ his trial.” tion, when they were constrained by their sense of not letting their good' EARLY DAYS OF THE FRIENDS. being- spoken evil of, to discontinue them,, The forerunner of this fine old Arch because their young women who assem- j Street Meeting House was built at the bled in long lines of idlers, generating] corner of Second and Market Streets in and cherishing more_ evil wiihoa* Whjf 1C95. The lot was given to George Fox, walls than the good people could coun¬ the leader of the Friends, as land due terbalance within.” him under a promise from William Penn. Once in each quarter there was very The founder did not give up the land serious business on hand for these giddy .with good grace, as he had reserved it young Quakeresses and their friends, for his daughter, Letitia, and his son, who were then sober, melancholy, as was William, Jr., but Governor Markham meet; for the members of the' societ gave the lots to the Quakers, and Penn were required to state to “overseers c agreed with a wry face. He wrote to other weighty Friends who propound? James Logan in this pathetic strain: the interrogatories” "whether they wer “About the meeting house and school regular and punctual in attendance lot I could wish that some people had meetings; whether they refrained frt exercised some more tenderness toward sleeping in meeting; whether they aocu my poor suffering and necessitious cir¬ tomed themselves to snuffing or. chew In. cumstances than in invading lots and tobacco in meeting; whether they kej lands in nomine domlni.” clear of excess in drinking drams In 1735 the building of the “second other strong drink; whetherTOtey ke, meeting” was torn down and a more company in order for marriage wit spacious house erected. This was out¬ that are not of us; or with any other grown in another half century, and in without consent of parents or guardian 1804 the property was sold and the “great whether they kept clear of tattling, tali meeting house” built at Fourth and Arch bearing, whispering, back-biting' Streets, which stands in dignified solidity meddling' with matters in Which th 'to-day, and is open on every Fifth Day ! were not concerned; whether they . for public worship. j quented music houses or went to danc The old building carries the mind back or gaming; whether the poor were tab. to those early Quaker days, when Quaker care of, and their children put to sehd garb was much more commonly seen and apprenticed out tq Friend- —- L_ _' T- fVjiuX as might be; whether they were carefth | a sacred shrine for lovers' until cruei In training- their children in Quaker commerce swept the memory-haunted principles; whether there were any that [ wall3 away. It would have been a launched into business beyond what gracious thing for the readers of “Evan¬ . they could manage; whether they were I geline” to purchase and set apart as a careful to settle their affairs and make J sentimental Mecca these moss-covered their wills in time of health; whether' roofs and ivy-clad walls. ‘’Evangeline” they abstained from the vain custom of may be rightly held the most beautiful drinking healths or drinking to one, and touching love story in American lit- ■ another,” and many other searching erature, and no “sentimental journey” questions, which, if all could be answer- could compare with pilgrimage to "the ; ed truthfully and righteously, would almshouse, home of the homeless.” disprove the fundamental thought that "There in the suburbs it stood, in the perfection cannot be on earth. midst of meadows and woodlands.” The story of Abelard and Heloise has ! THE CYCLONIC SCHOOL MASTEft. made generations of young people weep, One of the most exciting- periods in and their mausoleum in the cemetery of those old Philadelphia Quaker days was Pere la Chaise is a retreat for love-lorn during the violent rebellion and eruption young French people who leave offerings of one George Keith, the public schooi- of wreaths and flowers. The sad story/ | teacher, who was at the head of the first of the French philosopher and his fair j schism in the Orthodox Quaker Church, pupil is under a heavy moral cloud, but | j He le'd away a few adherents and they their tragic romance outweighs ques- j ! built a small log house in 1692 on Spruce, tions of ethics. ’Tis true that these two I ! below Mulberry Street. He ‘‘denied the really lived, and that “Evangeline” and j Divine grace and its sufficiency to effect “Gabriel” are perhaps only children of a fhe salvation of mankind,” and was cut I poet’s fancy. But they seem very real off from the main body, at which he pro¬ and their story is sweet and pure and ceeded to raise a terrible rumpus, which noble. The lines of the poem that tell ; Phrase is justified by the report of the of their meeting and its place are -I Friends which said that Keith “had these:— gone into a spirit of enmity wrath, self- exaltation, contention and jangling,” In that beautiful land which is washed by the Delaware’s waters. that “he had disregarded the advise of Guarding in sylvan shades the name of the meeting,” and “had trampled it Penn the Apostle, under his feet as dirt.” Stands on the banks of its beautiful The rampageous school-master was stream the city he founded. not satisfied with looking after his sep¬ There ail the air is balmy, and the peach ( arate meeting, but iii it, “like an open op- is the emblem of beauty. And the streets still re-echo the names of poser, not only reviled several friends the trees of the forest, by exposing their religious reputations As if they fain would appease the Dryads in mixed auditories of some hundreds, whose haunts they molested, endeavoring to render them by the press i There from the troubled sea had Evan- and otherwise a scorn to the profane and I geline landed in exile, the song of the drunkards.” Keith was | Finding among the children of Penn a home and a country. indicted and fined five pounds, but, noth¬ * * * $ * * % $ ing daunted, he sent the regular Friends ! Then it came to pass that a pestilence an appeal, demanding to be heard, the fell upon the city. paper being presented to the meeting by **&*■%* * * one of his followers, who climbed up in f But all perished alike beneath the the meeting house window and read his scourge of His anger— Only alas! the poor, who had neither paper from the window “with his hat on friends or attendants, while1 Thomas Janney was at prayer.” Crept away to die in the almshouse, The pyrotechnic Keith soon after this home of the homeless. tramped into a meeting and called the There in the suburbs it stood, in the Friends “hypocrites, snakes,vipers, blood¬ midst of meadows and woodlands; thirsty bounds, impudent rascals and Now the city surrounds it; but still such like, bidding theta cut him in col- with its gateway and wicket, Meek in the midst of splendor, its hum-, lops, fry him and eat him, and that his ble walls seem to echo back had long itched to be whipped.” Softly the words of the Lord: “The poor Peace, to thy ashes, hot-headed school¬ ye have always with you.” master Keith. Thy bickerings are over Thus, on a Sabbath morn, through the and thy thunderous and damnatory elo¬ streets deserted and silent. quences is stilled. The meeting house Wending her quiet way, she entered the door of the awnshouse. has crumbled with thy bones, and the Sweet on the SuiJmer air was the odor sweet peace of the Quaker grave yard of flowers in the garden, must quiet That turbulent spirit of thine, And she paused on her way to gather if it still hovers near the scenes of thy the fairest among- them. battling, That the dying once more might rejoice , in their fragrance and beauty. MEMORIES OF “EVANGELINE.” * * it » * * * * The Quaker buildings most sentimental On the pallet before her was stretched in association of ali were swept away the form of an old man. full twenty years ago, the old Friends’ Long- and thin and gray were the locks that shaded his temples. Almshouse, the last of whose cottages j * * * * * * survived until recent time. Down on Heard be that cry of pain, and through j Walnut Street, between Third and < the hush that succeeded, Fourth, back from the street, the pic- j I Whispered a gentle voice in accents ten- : turesque main building- and the tiny cot- j I tier and saint-like, I “Gabriel! O my beloved,” and died away r tages stood until 1876,where now are mas¬ I into silence. sive business blocks and the office build- j * * * :f: *, t- ings of Walnut Place. Not a trace is Still stands the forest primeval; but far f left of the ivy-grown shadowed pile, sur¬ away from its shadow, * rounded by grassplots and old-fashioned Side by side, in their nameless graves, ’ flowers, the building- in which “Evange¬ . the lovers are sleeping; line” found her “Gabriel” at the last, Under the humble walls of the little Catholic churchyard | In the heart, of ttv- «ny tnev ue, un- . known and uuncrtidbd. meeting house of the Free or “Fighting ; Longfellow found the theme for T»i» Quakers,” at the corner of Fifth and j poem in a legend of Area die. If is. Arch Streets has been for many years used as a library for apprentices. Only j: J therefore, a “true story,” ana a. a tablet in the wall recalls the stirring', „ time's that made the Fighting Quakers. hard to believe that the city of Penn The inscription runs:— was the meeting-place of the ill-fated “By General Subscription, lovers. The “little Catholic church¬ For the Free Quakers. yard” is at the corner of Sixth and ! Erected A. D., 1783.. 1 Spruce Streets, hidden behind the walls Of the Empire, 8.” of Holy Trinity Catholic Church. The The Orthodox Friends opposed the Rev- » oldest legible stone in the little ground 1 olution and would take no part in the is chiselled "1761.” The pestilence that cause of the patriots on religious swept Philadelphia was the yellow fever grounds. But there “were fiery spirits scourge near the end of the last century. among them that could not stay idle The headstones are very aged and they when their country called, and they ' lean wearily this way and that. They took up arms against the king. The are behind a high brick wall and cannot fighting Quakers did noble service be seen from the street. The good pas¬ through the Revolution, and on the rolls tor of the church admits the visitor of the society that left the parent body through his residence, and says with a and became a separate church were the smile:— names of the most honored families in “Ah, many people have come to look Philadelphia. The Free Quakers were ,• for the grave of Evangeline and Gabriel. given a burying ground on Fifth Street, ■ They have never found it. But it may between Walnut and Spruce Streets, but be there, we cannot be sure, for the ! for many years no new graves have been churchyard is very old and the stone made therein, and the almost vacant lot may have disappeared long ago. I With a few falling marble slabs standing like to think the grave is there, and I about the edge of the field make the 2 like to see the young people come to place look inexpressibly lonely. look for it.” The Friends Almshouse was founded in 1702, when John Martin, the tailor, died and left his estate for the use of the poor. Upon this property in 1713 the Friends built several small houses, each of one story, with high peaked roof and great square chimney. In 1729 they built long low stone house, with a projecting second story. The entrance was through an archway on Walnut Street, where one passed into a shaded garden planted v/ith herbs, flowers and vegetables. Here the old Friends passed their lives in quiet serenity. At one end of the yard stood one of these quaint low cottages for a century and a half. Commerce slowly encroached on this sheltered nook, until the walls of St. Joseph's Church, on Willing Alley, that overshadowed the Almshouse, were completely hidden by tall business buildings. As late as 1876, I however, there .was a little square, left, \ within a stone’s throw of Walnut Street, which was quite hidden from all but those who knew the way in through a narrow alley. Staid Pennsylvania Rebelled Three ancient cottages stood there still tenanted, with brick and gravel; walks around them, and little flower Against Uncle Sam. beds in the dooryards. There was also a modern-looking brick building left, that was perhaps not more than a cen¬ tury old. One of the little cottages was ' FOUGHT OUT IN PHILADELPHIA tenanted by two old ladies, who made : their tea from the crane above the wide i h£artlLj and^ ^“roof Scene of the Trouble the Site for a * reached far down in front and made a ■ shelter for the doorstep from sun and/ New Modern Sky Scraper—It rain. There was one window in front/ cm-tained with ivy and green moss lay Happened in 1808. 5V thick on the roof. A comfortable-look¬ ing bench was beside the door, shaded by a protecting elm. It was a bit of From a Special Correspondent of The Press. l fairyland in the midst of the city. But ; PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 1.—Workmen wilt it had all to go, and with the sweeping away of the Almshouse cottages went soon tear down the buildings now standing the memories of Evangeline! j upon ground where Pennsylvania once mar¬ THE FIGHTING QUAKERS. shaled its troops in open, armed defiance i of the United States. One more scene of “Quaker memories” in so rich a store can only be mentioned There are probably few who know that / within the_ limits of this article. The Governor Snyder, with the full sanction of j the Pennsylvania Legislature, put armed1' i * militia under the command of General Finally the State Treasurer, David Ritten- Bright, into the field to dispute the author¬ house, the famous astronomer, was mada ity of the United States Government, and custodian of the fund and personally respon¬ that this militia, massed at Seventh and sible for its lawful distribution. Ritten- Arch streets, Philadelphia, did successfully house died—so did his bondsmen—but their resist the Federal authorities for nearly a responsibilities in the matter of this priza month, and forced them to1 issue a call fof money were handed down to his heirs, Mrs. • a posse comitatus of 2,000 men to put dowri Sargent and Mrs. Waters. These estimabla the rebellion. women then lived at Seventh and Arcli j Among a lot of dirty old papers in one of streets. They had no interest in Olmsted the many racks and stacks of documents' or his claim. All of the parties concerned in the office of the Clerk of the United were then past the three-score years and States Supreme Court, is a particularly ten mark, and the ladies wanted nothin*1 dirty bundled labeled, “The Case of th'a but peace. Sloop Active.” The case of the sloop Active Olmsted wanted his prize money and is the story of Pennsylvania’s war with the meant to have it. United States. The Constitution of the United States PRIZE MONEY TO BLAME. having been adopted during the progress of Early in September, 1778. before the Con¬ the many suits growing out of this case, stitution of the United States had been there was no doubt as to the authority of adopted formally, Gideon Olmsted, and the Federal courts in the premises in 1808, three of his kind, all sturdy fishermen, hail¬ when Olmsted rallied his force's for one last ing from Connecticut, were captured off grand effort to gain the prize money so Cape Charles by fourteen British marinea justly due him. The two old ladies named and put aboard the Active, and when onca were the proper persons to make settle¬ there they were compelled to navigate tha ment, but they placed the responsibility vessel to New York, which was then occu¬ upon the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania pied by the British army. Olmsted and hia and demanded the protection of Governor comrades discovered that the sloop was Snyder. stocked with arms, ammunition and pro¬ Olmsted appeared in the Supreme Court j visions for the British soldiers on shore, of the United States and asked for a writ and at once determined to wreck it, or, of peremptory mandamus, which was award-, j better still, seize it and run it into harbor ed by Chief Justice Marshal], as a prize. While the fourteen Britons1 PENNSYLVANIA VS. THE UNITEI> were gathered around the mess table, male- STATES. ing merry with the good things ‘at hand, The State of Pennsylvania in its Legis-, Olmsted made them prisoners, and steered lature and in its courts had absolutely for Little Egg Harbor. countermanded every order and ruling of After a time it dawned upon the English¬ the Federal authorities up to this time. men that they were jailed aboard their own If existing State laws didn’t fit the particii-, craft. They were furious. Spoons and lar point raised in the Federal courts, th» pewter vessels were molded into bullets, Pennsylvania Legislature passed special and for hours they kept up a constant firs laws that would fit all, to the er.d that tha through the companion way, hoping to kill prize of the sloop Active would come to one or all of the Yankees by chance shots. Pennsylvanians and not to Olmsted and hia Olmsted trained a swivel gun down tha three fellows from Connecticut. way, and silenced their muskets. Then tha Armed with the peremptory mandhmus Britons ..cut a hole in the hold of the Active, the United States Marshals marched to> and choked the rudder so that steering was; Seventh and Arch strdets and there de¬ Impossible. Starvation released the rudder,' manded of Mrs. Sargent and Mrs. Yv^aterS finally, and Olmsted proceeded to Littls the amount of the bond handed down to Egg Harbor. Having thus completed hia them by Treasurer Rittenhouse and hia capture, and when within sight of land bondsman, Judge Ross. The State of Penn-r with his prize, he was pursued and takeno sylvania made answer for the old ladiea by the armed brig Convention, a craft fit¬ with fixed bayonets, backed by several ted out by tiie State of Pennsylvania, com¬ hundred hardy militiamen who had "loaded manded by Captain Thomas Houston, who , to kill,” and so announced. The order ofj insisted upon carrying the Active to Phila¬ the United States Supreme Court was read delphia, where he claimed her as his prize. 1 and re-read. Nothing resulted. General A claim was also made by the captain of Bright declared that he knew no authority an American privateer, Le Gerard, cruis¬ I but the Governor of Pennsylvania, and thaq ing by agreement, in concert witii the Con-, he and his men were there to obey the or¬ vention. j ders of the Governor. For nearly a month THE UNITED STATES TAKES A HANlJ* I this army of militiamen surrounded tha It wa.s argued in subsequent litigation house, and the Ufederal authorities raised an army of 2,000 men to cope with the com¬ that four Yankees could not possibly cap¬ mand under General Bright. ture and subdue fourteen Englishmen, but , In the midst of all this excitement the facts were that Olmsted captured and deputy marshal slipped through the linj of tiie militia, served the writ on the subdued them single-handed and alone, hi3 ladies, made them prisoners and eventually three companions caring for the vessel gave to Olmsted that for which he hid meanwhile. All sorts of suits grew out of fought thirty years, and the war betwepn Pennsylvania and the United States the distribution of this prize money. Tha ended. ~ _ litigation covered a period of thirty years. From, CZ^AAl^>. HHUK11 I I W. ,;a. ait - • ~»v,i w ■ • , r- > HM*1 • . Date, ■ %;■ ■ ORIGINAL LOCOMOTIVE “JOHN BULL” AND T , 1831 Built by Stephenson & Co., 1830-31, for the Camden and Amboy Raiiroad Company. The oldest complete locomotive in shipped from Liverpool July 14, 1S31; first put in service November 12, 1831, at Bordentown, N. J. The coaches are the ifty YEARS’ (jRowth THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY APPROACHING ITS HALF CENTURY—EARLY TRANSPOR¬ TATION IN THIS STATE. Next month, the 13th of April, 1896, will ' eee the fiftieth anniversary of the founding : of the Pennsylvania Railroad, that day be¬ ing the day on which the act to incorporate the company was passed. In those fifty years the growth of the railroad has been one of the marvels of the country. The history of transportation in Pennsyl¬ vania has yet to be written in an extended form. If it were given its widest scope it f- could be expanded to almost any extent, for no State in the' Union has had more inter¬ esting beginnings—has had a more difficult problem to solve, or undergone more trials in reaching an ultimate and only solution. PEOPLE’S ILBMlE musmau,T© V fe.'S Fare Through f n h 13 The Subscribers inform their- friends and the public gene»# roily, that they have Established a line ©f Steam-Boats* and Stages to convey passengers to Philadelphia. Pas¬ sengers will leave I^ew-York IADLY, mi 6 A. M. By 84eassis Boat 4® IPriceV F«bt, N. J. where first rate COACSSES will be in readiness to convey them 4® Bor- dent own, and irons thence to Philadelphia by Steals Boat, the shortest route between the two cities. The Proprietors will use eery exertion tef secure the safety and comfort of their pas¬ sengers. and trust they will receive a share of public patronage. For seats apply at the t. 8. Mail Stage ©mce, old No. I Courtiandt-street, or of the Agent, on Board the Steam-Boat, Pier No. 3, North-River. KEESIBE, ^LAYMAKESi & T©MLSJfW. October JB» 183®. SpcitT & IVosbitt, Piasters, Ctruer -Fall and Water-streets. It was not until after the war of 1812 - that the connections of Philadelphia with ■ i 1 r\ , the interior and the West were taken up ; ' y ; fiV .. in earnest.-The rivers and mountains that lay across the line of communication from : : - East to West were not such formidable ob¬ stacles at first in the way of through traffic, for they could both_ be crossed by roads, 7 83 A iiV the rivers could he linked together by in the morning—was carrietf up Broad street canal system. So soon as the rivers were by the inclined plane to. the old Columbia improved natural navigation began to open bridge, where the Pennsylvania Railroad up the coal regions, and when the value of was reached, the first part of the way being anthracite coal was discovered the canals the part constructed by the city. Thence sprang into being. The Schuylkill Canal was he was rattled on to Columbia—later, Har¬ risburg—where he arrived during the after- I noon' about 3 or 4 o’clock, and took the canaibbat, the packet, as it was styled, ad¬ vertised to be equal to any on the Erie Canal. The packet Pittsburg, first run in 1836, was 72 feet long, 11 feet wide and : S feet high. The interior was divided into three compartments, the cook room, the la¬ dies’ cabin and the gentlemen's cabin. Swinging berths shut off by curtains were fastened along the sides. ihe crew con¬ sisted of nine men, with a driver and three . mules, and it could accommodate 150 pas¬ sengers. But this packet ran on the other side of the mountains, from Pittsburg to Johnstown, making the trip of 104 miles in 28 hours. The passenger who left Harris¬ burg on Monday evening reached the Por¬ tage on Wednesday morning, and Pittsburg chartered in 1815, and the Lehigh Coal and on Thursday afternoon or evening, Charles Navigation Company in 1822. The Union Dickens’ description of the trip is well re- Canal, connecting the Susquehanna with the naembered; he notes the abundant fare at Schuylkill, and the Chesapeake and Dela¬ supper, the “tiers of hanging book-shelves” ware followed, and the movement of trade for bunks, the ladle for dipping washing East and West had begun. water out of the canal and the jack towel! In the ten years from 1S20 to 1830 the Joseph John Gurney, the English Quaker, affections of the people centered themselves was also struck by the abundance of food, wholly on canals. True, John Stevens had and spoke of the “fine company of Ameri¬ proposed a railroad from Philadelphia to cans, crowded together, and eating heartily Columbia, and had memorialized the Legis¬ at a long table, three times a day.” lature, which by the act of March 31, 1823, granted his company incorporation, but the It must be remembered that not at once Pennsylvanians disregarded the project and was the passenger on the Columbia Railroad I only debated a State system of canals to drawn by locomotive power. In 1835 there ; Compete with the Erie Canal, in New York, were only three locomotives on the road. finished in 1825, and at once perceived to In 1837 forty were in use. These forty all i threaten the commercial supremacy which belonged to the State; the cars which they Philadelphia then still enjoyed. Public agi¬ hauled belonged to private firms which un¬ tation led the Legislature to action, and in dertook to run them for the benefit of the 1826 the first step was taken in the system public over the public works. Until the j of public works, which afterwards proved locomotives were put on the cars were run such a stumbling block when the time came by horses provided by the proprietors of the to recognize the inevitable superiority of lines.^ The toil charged by the State after . the Pennsylvania Railroad. A Board of the introduction of the locomotives was Canal Commissioners was appointed, and two cents a mile for each passenger, and ground was broken for the “Pennsylvania $4.92 a car, so that the individual car-own¬ Canal,” to be constructed at the expense of ers cut things very close when they made the State. The State system of canals was their own charge three cents a mile for i in effective operation by 1S34 on the Sus¬ each passenger. During the regime of horse quehanna, and up the Juniata to the moun¬ power the time from Philadelphia to Qolum- i tains, and west of them. Traffic, both pas¬ bia was about nine hours, the horses ■■being senger and freight, was lively, and the changed every twelve miles. The horse cars rates of. freight were lower from Cincinnati were something on the plan of the old to Philadelphia than from Cincinnati to stage coach, but larger. New York. But this result was only reached by em¬ The Portage Road was so long as it was ploying the aid of the railroad. The project in use one of the wonders of America. It of'a road between Columbia and Philadelphia was a remarkable feat of engineering, and was revived again in 1826,. but fell through the manner in which it surmounted the ] as a private enterprise, and in 1828 the natural difficulties to be overcome elicited ! JCanal Commissioners were ordered by the universal praise. “It consisted,” says Sipes j | Legislature to take it in hand. The same in his History of the Pennsylvania Railroad, ! (act required them to examine a route for “of eleven levels of grade lines and ten in- j what was afterward known as the Portage dined planes. The ascent from Johnstown ■ Railroad, and which ran from Huntingdon to the summit was eleven hundred and sev¬ to Johnstown over the Allleghenies. The enty-one and a half feet In a distance of Columbia Railroad was finished with a dou¬ twenty-six and a hair miles, and fhe descent ble track and the Portage with a single from the sdmmit to Hollidaysburg was 1,399 track; and in 1S34 communication to Pitts¬ feet in a distance of ten miles. The planes burg. was opened by this, now the shortest were numbered eastWardly. The cars were and easiest route. passed over these planes by means of wire What a journey it was! The passenger ropes attached to the stationary engines, for Pittsburg left Broad and Vine streets and it is a notable fact that during the twenty years the road was used no serious accident ever occurred upon jt. Boats used on the canal for carrying through freight PASSENGER CAR “VICTORY’ Run in 1834 between Philadelphia and the Schuylkill Ferry. .1 were built in sections, which sections were j Shunk issued a proclamation declaring i placed on trucks and carried over the rail Baltimore and Ohio's privilege abrogal road.’’ on August 2, 1847. He granted the compa its charter on February 25, 1847. This system, though undoubtedly bene¬ ficial to the districts through which it passed, From Georgia, where he had been man was never remunerative to the State. It had ing the Georgia Railroad, came to fill i cost over $14,000,000, it was very expensive important position of chief engineer of i to operate, and the practice of allowing new railroad a man whose influence v private individuals to run cars while the destined to be all powerful in developi State supplied the motive power became a not only the great trunk line but through source of irritation to the public. The com¬ his native State. This was J. Edgar Tho peting owners of cars quarreled among them¬ son, born in Delaware county in 1808, t selves, and accused each ocher of being son of John Thomson, one of the most en monopolies'. As early as 1S37 the agitation getic and able civil engineers of .the end began for a through line. In that year the the eighteenth century. To the strong w Sunbury and Erie and the Pittsburg and and great power of organization of the ch Susquehanna Railroads were chartered, but [ engineer as much as to any other cause w they lay languishing many years. But in the success of the Pennsylvania Railroad dr 1S3S a general convention to urge the con¬ The stories of the herculean efforts need struction of a continuous railroad met in to make it an assured fact will probat Harrisburg on the 6th. of March; and that net’er be told now in full. What feeiito was the beginning of the final absorption of were aroused by those whose farsighteduc the old line of public works by the Trunk ; saw the benefits that would accrue to tl Line that now reaches half way across the ij city from its support of the new enterpri continent. The convention of 183S memorial¬ may be gathered by those who will read t ized the Legislature and stirred up public ! pamphlets and speeches called out by t opinion; and the next year the Canal Com¬ j proposition, successfully carried through, missioners appointed Charles L. Schlatter to make Philadelphia a subscriber to t amount of $2,500,000 to. the stock of the nc survey lines from Harrisburg to Pittsburg. j road. This was in 1S47, after unremittii He reported three routes, of which the third 1 effort had secured pledges of a large numb was that by the Juniata and the Conemaugh, of small subscriptions; there "was in tru and was incontestably the best; it was the not any too great faith in the new road < route afterwards adopted, and the one over the part of the general public at first. B which the traveler to the West speeds to¬ it was not long before there was a chan; day. of opinion with regard to the profits. There was, however, both opposition to On September 1, 1849, the first division i and lack of interest in the new road. The the rpad, from Harrisburg to Lewistown.w; opposition came from the Southwestern opened, and on December 10, 1852, cars we; end of the State, where the Baltimore and run through from Philadelphia to Pittsbur; Ohio had a strong following; and several using the Portage inclined planes to conne< years went by before anything was done. the two divisions of the Pennsylvania. I In 1845, however, a public meeting was held February, 1S54, trains were run for the fir: in Philadelphia to urge the prosecution of time without the use of the inclined plane®- the work, and in April of the following year and in the same month Mr. Thomson ws the desired act to incorporate the Pennsyl¬ elected president of the company. vania Railroad was at length passed. By this act the capital of the company was “The Pennsylvania Railroad,” says Sipe; fixed at $7,500,000, with the privilege of in¬ History, “was constructed in a superio creasing the same to $10,000,000; and the manner, and with the improvements sine law granting the right of way to the Balti¬ made is undoubtedly the most perfect roar more and Ohio Railroad from Cumberland, in America. Notwithstanding it had to over Md., to Pittsburg was abrogated in case the come the great Allegheny Mountains—a bar Pennsylvania Railroad should have $3,000,- Tier which for a quarter of a ceutury. bar 000 subscribed and $1,000,000 paid in, and been considered nnsurmotintable by a rail have 15 miles of its road under construction road without inclined planes—yet It was car at each terminus before July 3, 1847. These lied across by engineering skill wlfh a fa condition being complied with Governor cility ready astonishing. The ro id begins ■ T\ ■ • v .'•* r adual accent df'HB'Fr feet above tide, and rises regularly. At stown it Is ‘188 feet above tide; at , untingdon (510; at Tyrone 886, and at A!- • Cna, where it reaches the base of the' .intaii) proper, it is at an elevation of I 1.168 feet. Up to this point the heaviest I gradient per mile has not exceeded 2i feet. From a short distance west of Altoona this gradient is increased to 05 feet per mile on I straight lines and 82 feet per mile on curves. I Thus ascending it reaches its culminating point at the west end of the great tunnel, where its altitude above the tide is 2,161 1 leet- -At Johnstown the elevation is 1 184 [ feet and it Pittsburg 748 feet. , Following close on the completion of the ! I through line came the agitation for the sale ( JOHN Run on the old Camden and Amboy and had seven foot driving wheels. LOCOMOTIVE ‘LANCASTER” AND TRAIN Built by Matthias Baldwin, and first in regular service between Philadelphia and Columbia in 1834. p“the ola public wonts, it~iT"unnec^ssnrF to enter at large now into the history of the Handle, was bought in 1S67; control of the ' somewhat protracted contention which ended Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis was 1 in the purchase of the main line by the next obtained, and the%Columbus, Chicago i Pennsylvania Railroad, which it in the end and Indiana Central was leased by the Pitts- ! toitecUree of.the tannage tax to the State. l?urg, Cincinnati and St. Louis in 1869. The ; 5y this purchase and by the lease of the Cincinnati and MuskingumValley was bought ' Iarrisburg and Lancaster Railroad the. in 1869, and a joint control over the St I Pennsylvania Railroad became owners of the Louis, Vandalia and Terre Haute Railroad’ ' ntire through line between Philadelphia i leaseSJULthe Terre Haute and Indianapolis ’ nd Pittsburg. - Railroad, was secured by the Pittsburg, The subsequent history of the road is the Cincinnati and St. Louis. Both these roads, listory of its gradual extension both East I however, are now controlled by the Pennsyl- nd West as a trunk line and its constant f vania Railroad. dvance in improving and bettering its road Subsequent leases and purchases in 1871 >ed and rolling stock. As for its growth, gave the Pennsylvania control of the bridge ome dates may be of service. The Pitts- over the Ohio at Cincinnati, and in the same urg. Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad was year the United Railroads of New Jersey Dened for business in 1S58, and was leased were leased and in that year was incorpo¬ " the Pennsylvania in 1869. The Philadel- rated the Pennsylvania Company,which now operates all the interests of the Pennsyl¬ r-o. ??rl ®ne Railroad bad been leased in 5 the Pittsburg.and.Steube!iville>_pr Pan vania Railroad west of Pittsburg, with one exception, . _...... Other lines west of Pittsburg are the Pitts¬ burg, Youngstown and Ashtabula, the To¬ ledo. Walhondlng Valley and Ohio, which | has only recently been built; the Little i Miami, and the Cleveland and Pittsburgh. Michigan is tapped by the Grand Rapids and [ Indiana Railroad and two smaller lines and | through Illinois runs the Toledo,''Peoria and I Western to the Mississippi. Striking out toward the South the Penn¬ sylvania Railroad first acquired a route to Baltimore by the Northern Central and Baltimore and Potomac Railroads, and later by the purchase of a controlling interest in the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad. About 1873 was completed the great tunnel through Baltimore. And to-day the connections of the Penn¬ sylvania take the traveler without change to Atlanta, along the northern end of the cot- ton-growing States, and to the very end of Florida, along the coast. The mere list of railroads owned, leased or operated by . the Pennsylvania is striking, although it be but tongue, and the horses placed on either side. a list; a still better idea, however, can be Later still came the Pennsylvania canal; and gained of the accretions in fifty years’ time in 1836 the Harrisburg and Lancaster Rail¬ from the comparison of figures. In the nine road was completed as far-as Middletown. A years from 1846 to December 31, 1853, the small open four-wheeled car was built and in Pennsylvania had constructed 24S miles of September of that year a locomotive was road—the old Pennsylvania Central. In 1857 brought from the State road through the by purchasing the old public works it ac¬ canal to Middletown, and thereafter the good quired 118 miles more of railway and 283 folk of Harrisburg went on excursions every miles of canals. On December 31, 1895, the Sunday in that one small open car drawn by total mileage was 8,882 .the total number the small black English locomotive, called of locomotives 3,290. of passenger cars 3.494, the John Bull, though not the original John of freight cars 134,351, and of employes 107,- Bull locomotive which went into use in New 690. The mileage on January 1, 1896, by Jersey in 1831 and was exhibited in Chicago States, was as follows: New York, 106.11; in 1893. The trip to Middletown occupied New Jersey, 746.83; Pennsylvania, 3,253.68; about two hours. Nowadays the shortest Delaware, 238.28; Maryland. 394.96; District schedule time is 16 minutes; the longest of Columbia, 8.15; Virginia. 44.50; West Vir¬ about 23.” ginia, 77.06; Ohio, 1,483.38: Indiana, 1,409.60; Illinois, 645.84; Michigan. 471.11; Kentucky. The first stages in the Alleghenies dated 2.91, the total being as given above. All of from 1808. The stage “Experiment” began which is a sufficient testimony to the organi¬ running to Alexandria that year, the route zation of the railroad under its three presi¬ being afterdat'd extended to Pittsburg, and dents, J. Edgar Thomson, Thomas A. Scott connecting at Harrisburg with the stage from and George B. Roberts. Philadelphia. The fare was six cents a mile, and passengers were allowed fourteen When next you pass through Harrisburg pounds of baggage; the mails were carried on one of the Pennsylvania’s express trains, three times a week. In 1832 the stages were take a brief retrospect over the past one running faster than the railroads and canals hundred years. At the beginning of the cen¬ did later on, for the mail reached Pittsburg tury the ferry was crowded by carriers with on the evenin£x>f the third day from Phila- their pack horses, going westward laden --delphia. with salt, iron and merchandise. These pack The traveler mar well look back, too, to horses traveled in divisions of twelve or fif¬ the record of travel on the Susquehanna, teen, going single file, each horse carrying beginning with the Pmitive dugouts of about two hundred weight;, one man pro- colonial days, and ascernjng through the ceded and one brought up the rear of tire llatboats to the keelboats, >Viich ran down file. Later on the carriers, to their bitter in¬ the river to Middletown cari,;ng produce, dignation, were supplanted by the Conestoga and were laboriously poled up .^e stream wagons, with their proud six-horse teams, again at the rate of a mile or twi. hour, with huge belled collars, the wagon stored lightly laden with groceries. A s np0se(i with groceries, linens, calico, rum, moiassCST improvement on these was a boat hose and hams, four to five tons of load; by law poles were put in motion by horse-pov^ none of these wagons had less than four- but these were abandoned after being give inch tires on its wheels. “In those early & trial days,” says Dr. Egle, in his “History of Very unfortunate was the history of the Dauphin County,” “turnpikes were not the ! steamboat traffic on the Susquehanna, how¬ miserable apologies fob which. grand jury ever. Three steamboats bad been built in after grand jury report as nuisances, and all 1S23. The Codorus. the first to navigate the in vain, but they were well graded, rounded river, was laid aside on the report of from the centre to gutters on each side, with commander that navigation of the Sus all the necessary crossings for water, and hanna by steam was impracticable; the most thoroughly macadamized. All along the ond. the Susquehanna, burst her boil' great highways at distances of ten and 1S26. killing and wounding several per twelve miles were public houses—large two- and the “Pioneer,” the third boat, was story frame buildings—and here the team¬ abandoned after an adverse report^ sters would stop to feed and water their her officers. Another “Susquehan”'' horses. They carried a long feed box with abandoned in 1S35, after breaking v them. This was placed Iengthwjse_ of the the “Wyoming” in 1851 and th V | prise” ifrt'he same yean” In "this connection West, the' Ohio river constituting in may bb noted the attempt to establish a those days, an important point of access shipyard at Wilkesbarre, which ended in dis¬ in the shipment of merchandise. One aster with the wrecking of-the “Luzerne” on of these roads, the Columbia, Lancas¬ her way to tide-water in 1812. ter and Philadelphia Railroad, begun Great were the rejoicings over the early 'in 1830, was built by the State, and ! cabals along the Susquehanna; there were laying of .corner-stones, breaking of ground connected this city with the banks of . j by gaily-decorated plows, beer and cider- the Susquehanna River at Columbia, a 1 drinking and fisticuffs. distance of 80 miles. • When the canal system was complete THE MAIN LINE. I trade sprung up at once and the wagoners 1 began to sing; The other line was the Harrisburg, i May the devil catch the fellow who first in¬ Portsmouth, Mt. Joy and Lancaster vented the plan Railroad, 53 miles long, organized in To make a railroad or canal. 1832. These two roads now form the For they ruin our plantations wherever they main- line of the Pennsylvania Rail¬ clo cross, j And they spoil our markets that we oap’t sell road to Harrisburg. The importance a hoss. of establishing' railroad communication Chorus—Can’t sell a hoss. ■with the Ohio river was keenly felt in 1 Where now were their majestic wagons, the early days. As early as 1835 surveys i with the red wheels and the blue bodies, and •were made through Northern Pennsyl¬ j the horses with chiming bells? The march vania for a route that would avoid the of time was hurrying on and the hand of mountains by making a detour around fate was upon them. But they live in them. Upon these surveys the route , , HE Pennsylvania Railroad Com- j of the Sunbury and Erie Railroad, in¬ T pany has nearly completed the i corporated in 1837, now the Philadelphia fiftieth year of its corporate his¬ and- Erie Railroad, was laid. The build- tory. While it was not organized until March 30, 1847, its history as a corporation began on April 13, 1846, when the Act of Assembly provid¬ ing for its incorporation was approved .by Governor Francis R. Shunk. Gigan¬ tic as the system is, it smarted from an almost insignificant beginning, and has been developed until it has become the leading railroad system of the United States, by the energy, ability and en¬ terprise of the men who have guided its course. In the early days of cgnals the Al¬ legheny Mountains formed ar almost insurmountable barrier in the line of transportation between the East and West; So .important was it to estab¬ lish this connection, however, that the Commbnwealth of Pennsylvania con¬ structed the Portage Railroad over the Allegheny Mountains and operated it 'by a system of ten inclined planes, five on one side of the mountains, and five on the ether. The road extended from Hollidaysburg to Johns* iwn, thirty-six miles, and the cars were hauled by sta¬ tionary engines. The State conducted this primitive Tliomas A. Scott. mode of transit in connection with the internal system of canals, which linked ithe mountains with the seaboard. Prior ; ing of the road was not undertaken for jto 1840 there were only two lines of I years after it was organized. 'railroad built in Pennsylvania which The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was Imade any pretension of reaching the ..f i - •' t> I '-V'" A?"-' incorporated In MaryU^Tin 1827^0 its ciabre. that Ht was-everywnore a line was the first to reach the western ject of comment and no end of depreca- , fion. From local accounts of that pe¬ xrt?6 i°f the Alle^heny Mountains, and h.eeIm£- then in the old State of Vir¬ riod it seemed that the pessimists who ginia, where a charter was alsb obtain- were active in their generation, ’ were ed was its objective .point. In 1836 the pr®dlctinS the total collapse Baltimore and Ohio road was completed of Philadelphia from the sphere of commerce. She had yielded the scep- between BaUimore and Cumberland, Maryland, and about this period the Hf °f hfr once proud supremacy to New York, and she was going down sought a charter in Pennsyl- down, nobody could tell where This t ania which was obtained, to extend its was the situation In 1845. In that year line from Cumberland to Pittsburg. the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad .movement, while it was favored brought powerful influence to bear on in Pittsburg, awakened a jealous the Legislature of Pennsylvania to se¬ of PPhifrf?Vam0ng the old merchants ™ladelphiaf and, menaced on the cure the right of way from Cumber¬ north by the Erie Canal, the Boston and land to Pittsburg, and notwithstanding protests from the people ot The city, it rafi fines nfa °ad and other Projected rail fines of communication between New v/as granted, after a sharp and decisive York and Boston and the West the struggle, during which the halls of the State Assembly were flooded with of Phflnrt i°fn-the commerclal interests ot Philadelphia were aroused The-r* remonstrances. An incident of the strug¬ was no enterprise in those days that gle was a formal protest adopted by the Councils of Philadelphia, in Jan¬ asaSthe§?nd AllIn otof thesetw Wrightengineers and were S‘ Moylan engaged Fox.’ in some capacity subsequently in the sur veys and construction of the Pennsv Vania Railroad. rmnnsyl- A report of this three-years’ survey CaSna?!ernin tke.offlce of ‘he Bo^rd of B showed ^ ?S1°nerS' at Htarrlsburg. through i t f r°Ute for a railroad feasible =n1 tnuer°r °f Pennsylvania was leasible and that it could be constructed ?careen tlarrisburg and the Portae road over the mountains, and from about Ao mu0 P'ttsburA a distance of aoout oO miles, .for a total of S1I ’>10 000 This included all the grading and a double track construction. This became carry thim d *nite stel3S were taken to cariy them out for five years At the expiration of that period the effect upon trade in Philadelphia of the ihePT,T€ntS in other cities! especially be°ai tom°rrerv "in °hi° Rai]road- Which th e W ester n’t rad, V%SXSS Z . gon- to Pittsburg, became so appro-! Bloomfl'eTd arid "STalrsville. The stock was to be subscribed in >'5 cash payments and $5 instalments every sixty days until full paid. As soon as 50,000 shares were subscribed that fact was to be certified to Governor Shunk, who was authorized to issue letters pat¬ ent to the company. The commissioners appointed from Philadelphia in the act of incorporation included many old Phila¬ delphians of note. Among them- were Thomas P. Cope, merchant; Robert To¬ iand, Algernon S. Roberts, a represen¬ tative of the family of which George B. Roberts came; John B. Myers, the auctioneer; Henry M. Watts, afterwards Minister to Austria; David S. Brown, an' eminent merchant; John A. Brown, of the banking house of Brown Brothers; William C. Patterson, a brother of Gen¬ eral Robert Patterson; Charles Maeales- ter, Henry M. Phillips, Isaac W. Norris, George W. Carpenter, Congressman Charles Brown, J. Rhea Barton, John J. Ridgway, Hyman Gratz, Thomas M. Pet¬ tit, J. Fisher Learning, Townsend Sharp¬ less, Philip M. Price, John 'Welsh, Jr., Henry Welsh, Henry D. Gilpin and John J. Edgar Thomson. Swift, Mayor of the city. After the passage of the act of in¬ corporation the movement began with zeal to raise the amount of capital to start the enterprise without delay. A plan was proposed to secure a subscrip¬ tion from the city for 50,000 shares, in order that a charter might be secured at once. A public meeting was held at the old Chinese Museum, on Ninth street be¬ low Chestnut, part of the present site of the Continental Hotel, at which it was decided to ask Councils to authorize the city to subscribe in its corporate capacity to $2,500,000 of the capital stock of the railroad company. This action was presented to Councils on May 7, and referred to a joint com¬ mittee, composed of Robert Toiand, Al- gernon S. Roberts, Isaac Gilpin and Charles Gilpin, in Select; Henry C. Cor- bit, Horace Binney, Jr., Edmund Wil¬ cox and Benjamin Orne. They reported m favor of the subscription as a matter of good policy, on May 20, and recom- mended that it be referred to the legal voters _of the city at an election on •June 15. This recommendation was not S. Vnagban Merrick. adopted. From that time until the fol¬ lowing- November Councils were rocked m the throes of an energetic dispute whether the city should or should not Cope, Paul, Gilpin, Meredith, Roberts, subscribe to the stock of the Pennsyl¬ Wetherlll, Toiand, Binney and many old vania Railroad Company, Petitions in Philadelphia names were on the roster. favor of and remonstrances against it While the public movement to build a poured in from every source. Some of railroad west of Harrisburg- was pro¬ t4l®,,1,eading' members of Councils, notably moted energetically by public meetings \Villiani M. Meredith, president of Se- land the voice of the press, the records ■ ecl Council; John Price Wetherill, of the event are preserved in the jour¬ Charles Gilpin, afterwards the last nals of the proceedings of Councils. -i-j01' un Wmk -.. -, ■ present. Mr. Bingham delivered a speech of two name hmepariTbl?* With*'theorighf of‘mi* Tt2 hours duration, which stirred the convention to a high pitch of enthusiasm. timesfreateSt P0,iticaI M?1Vfm°on!er0nf Mr. McClure presented the report of the committee on resolutions. In the preamble President Pierce is scored for his attitude on the slavery question, which was virtually From,.<» a denial of the fundamental rights of life and liberty. He was not only sustaining human slavery, but with the party which supported him was trying to extend its cr boundaries by obtaining new territory from Mexico and endeavoring to involve us in a war with Spain for the acquisition of Cuba. Bate, Cx^Nju. ft The resolutions declared in substance that freedom was national and slavery sectional; that there should be no interference with slavery where it existed, but that the na¬ tional government should be relieved from all connection with it or accountability for ft? THE HAUNT OF ELK it; that the repeal of the Missouri compro¬ mise was a violation of national faith and an outrage upon the rights of the free States, and that the imprisonment by the Federal AT SPORT YEARS AGO OF THE Judges of citizens without trial was a viola¬ ■i. ■ V- . PENNSYLVANIA HUNTERS. tion of fundamental rights and an assump¬ tion of power to be resisted. The report was '-■I adopted with great unanimity. - The same committee was given power to Great Beasts Which Could Be Tamed name a candidate for Canal Commissioner,- the only State office to be filled, and while to Farm Drudgery—The Last Fam¬ the committee was absent Hon. L. D. Camp¬ ily Ever Seen in tlie Keystone bell delivered an entertaining speech. The name of Peter Martin, of Lancaster, State—Antlers Which Measured was presented as the choice of the commit¬ tee, after which an adjournment was had un¬ Nearly Six Feet Between the Ex¬ til evening. When the convention reassem¬ tremities—Great Skill Needed by bled it was moved to substitute the name of Henry M. Lloyd, of Blair, for that of Mr. Huntsmen—Trails in the Woods. Martin, which gave rise to some discussion. Rev. Mr. Aaron, of Montgomery, exploded a “ When I started in to amuse and profit bombshell by moving to amend the amend¬ myself by following the chase in Northern ment by substituting the name of Passmore AVilliamson. He followed this motion with Pennsylvania,” said Col. Parker of Gar- a speech of great force and eloquence, which deau, Penn., “ elk were running in those stirred the enthusiasm to the boiling point. Mr. Fenn suggested that the proposed candi¬ woods in herds. I have killed elk a-plenty date was unavailable, being in Moyamensing in the Rocky Mountain country and other Prison. There were cries of “We’ll take regions since, but I never ran across any him out!” Then Mr. Aaron said: “There that were as big as those old-time Penn ought to be a principle in the breasts of the sylvania elk. I have killed elk on the Sin- men of Pennsylvania which would make nemalioning and Pine Creek waters, and them march to Philadelphia, with no arms down on the Clarion River and West but those the God of nature has given them, and tear down that prison until not one Branch that were as big as horses. A stone would be left upon another.” thousand-pound elk was nothing uncommon Prolonged cheers and shouts followed this iin that country, and I killed one once that outburst, and when the convention quieted weighed 1,200 pounds. These were bulls. down another effort was made to substitute The cows would weigh anywhere from 000 some one else, the name of Charles C. Sulli¬ to 8uo pounds. van, of Butler, being suggested. This was “ These elk had very short and thick ruled out of order, as an amendment to an necks, with a short and upright mane. amendment was pending. Mr. McClure then moved to postpone the whole question, which Their ears were of enormous size—so large, was lost. in fact, that once Sterling Devins, a good Then came the climax. There were loud hunter, too, saw a cow elk in the woods and continuous cries for “vote on William¬ on Pine Hill, near Ole Bull’s castle, in the son!” and, as the record runs, his nomina¬ times when elk had begun to grow scarce, tion was “carried amid immense excitement and passed on without shooting at it, think¬ and loud cheering.” This was followed by ing it was a mule! When the elk bounded a speech by Joshua R. Giddings on the away, though, and disappeared among the “Mission Of the Republican Party,” which thick timber, Sterling knew what it was, was pronounced “one of his mightiest efforts in the cause of freedom.” and felt like kicking himself harder than This is a brief but faithful history of the the elk couUd have kicked him, even if it birth of the Republican party as a State had been a mule.-s The Pennsylvania elk’s organization, and in less than six months it eyes were small, but sparkled like jewels. was followed by the more momentous event of the creation of the national party. The I have often seen a score or more pairs of record as a whole is one which reflects honor | these bright eyes shining in the dark re¬ jantlers of eUTTie had kiuecr, on the peak cesses of the pine forest, when the shad- of his roof, at one end, being one that I ows might have otherwise obscured the measured nearly six feet between the presence there of the owners of those tell- extremities. When George moved West wft-/earS ,he left the h°ms on the ! tale orbs. An infuriated bull elk’s eye was buildings, and only a few years ago many about as fearful a thing to look at as any¬ of them were still there, as reminders of what game once roamed our woods. thing well imaginable, but so quickly ehang- I “11 required more skill to hunt the elk i able was the nature of these huge beasts jthan it did to trail the deer, as they were that two hours after having captured with much more cautious and alert. For all j ropes one that had, from the vantage [that, an elk, when startled from his bed, hid not instantly dash away, like the deer, ground of his rock, gored and trampled the but Invariably looked to see what had life out of half a dozen dogs, and well-nigh |aroused him. Then, if he thought the overcome the attacking hunters, it sub¬ cause boded him no good, away he went not leaping over the brush, like the deer’ mitted to being harnessed to an improvised Dut’ w‘th his head thrown back, and his sled and unresistingly hauled a load of great horns almost covering his body venison upon it six miles through the woods plunging through the thickets, his big hoofs clattering together like castanets as he to my cabin, and took its place among eik, ,not So at a galloping the cattle with as docile an air as if it had gait, but traveled at a swinging trot that carried him along- at amazing speed He been born and brought up among them. never stopped until he had crossed water “ This same elk that Sterling Devins had when ms instinct seemed to tell him that mistaken for a mule, he and Ezra Pritchard [ the scent of his trail was broken before the pursuing dogs. followed all that next day, but lost its trail, j ",At the rutting season the elk, both Some Pine Creek hunters got on the trail, J maJe and female, were fearless and fierce drove it to its rock, and roped it. When ana it behooved the hunter to be watch- ul. An elk surprised at that season did Devins and Pritchard got back at night j tot wait for any overt act on the part of they found the Pine Creek hunters there ! n enemy, but was- instantly aggressive and the elk in the barn eating hay and en- j »ne olow from an elk's foot would kill a rolf a dog, and I have more than once tirely at home. That elk had quite an in- i een forced to elude an elk by running teresting subsequent history. Ezra Pritch- ! •ound trees, jumping from one to another ard had, previous to the capture of this one, | ,before the bulky beast, unable to make the turns quick enough, could recover himself secured a pair of elks, broken them, and for and .follow me too closely to prevent it a long time drove them to farmwork like thus making my way by degrees to a safe refuge. I was once treed by a bull elk, not j a ycke of ox&h. Sterling Devins was eager I half a mile from home, and kept there from for a yoke of elk, and he offered the Pine noon until night began to fall] 1 navei, Creek hunters $100 for the one they had the least doubt that he would have kei captured. They refused the offer, but aft- j me there all night if another bull hadn , ougled a challenge from a neighboring erward got into a dispute about its owner¬ niil, and my bull hurried away in answei- ship, and it was sold to Bill Stowell and to it. I didn’t wait to see it, but there John Slcanakc-r of Jersey Shore. These men was a great fight between those two bulls took the elk about the country, exhibiting that night. I visited the spot next day it, and made quite a sum of money. Next -the ground was torn up, and the saplings Fall, although the elk was a cow, it became Droken down for rods around, and one ole very ugly and attacked its keeper, nearly ou.l lay in the brush dead, with his body killing him before he could get away. No eoyered witn bloody rips and tears. 1 one could go -near her, and her owners or¬ non l Know whether this was the elk that dered her shot. The carcass was bought treed me or not, but I have always been by a man who had a fine pair of elk horns. fond of believing it was. He was a skillful taxidermist, and h@ man¬ ‘ The whistle of the bull elk, as the hunt¬ aged to fasten the horns to the head of the j er® used to- call it, wasn’t a whistle, al- cow el'S in sucfj a manner that no one was - though there were changes in it that gave ever able'hs-rtell that they hadn’t grown ! it something of a flute-like sound. The there. This made of the head an appar¬ sound was more like the notes of a bugle. ently magnificent head of a bull elk, and it lt:’. the bull threw back his head, was’purchased for $100, on that belief, by a ■j ®welled nis tnroat and neck to an enormous future Governor of Pennsylvania, and is - size, and, with that as a bellows, he blew now in the State collection. from ms open mouth the sounds that made 11 That cow elk was one of the last fam¬ at once his challenge or caB. for a mate, ily of elk in the Pine Creek country- She line sound was far-reaching, and, heard at ta-nClV was we:ir(i and uncanny, yet not and the bull and a calf had been discovei- ^ear by. it was rasping and some time before Sterling Devins* ran - ;a.:'o wi.th the, whistling notes prominent. the cow, by Leroy Lyman, on Tomer^q ,Pe™?y'vania e*k was never much Run, near the Ole Bull "settlement. Lyman scattered. \\ hen I first came to the Sinne- esoanerth0tThlthe bul!| but whole three mahoning country, nearly seventy years ago escaped. The same party of hunters that mars!\ that lay in the wilderness captured the cow killed the buU afterward where my residence now is, was trampled IS Y00^s on Kettle Creek, The calf eik and deer that came there to lick the salt tfrom the ground as if there^f^wals*killed St°WelJ’S a drove of cattle had been there. I have seen seventy-flve-elk huddled at that marsh The ffreat eIk lick ’ of legend, vi®, §reat size of their nostrils, and the which the reservation Indians had often vm!inhSo?f !heir+ s®en,t was something be- talked to me about when I lived in A lie- • y°nd belief- A of fiik antlers of five feet as a boy. and it was spread, and weighing from forty to fifty to find that lick that my father and I rw^S’ T>Vas r!0u an infrequent trophy^ ^l o™S the rather indefinite direction o£ George Rae, who was one of the e-rent one Johnnyhocks, an old Shongo- Indian fin i °h 1'i°rtilern Pennsylvania in his entered the Pennsylvania wilderness in 182(i’ 1 daj' and he is one of the greatest in That marsh is now the site of a big hotel Rocky Mountains even to this dav~ in it having been found that the depths of the °Afu hlS elf»hty-five yeaMved along Pth concealed waters of rare medicinal Allegheny at Portville. He had his hoi « ^S^_his barn almost covered with the > 1: ■....^ . 96 W> w L -tf •w ■ •/°y°w an e!k forty miles before rurP S,mgi E, d°wn was considered nothing- re- Sw™vs”r{er™r,y,»r',m Tm“'kfb|e' 1 have d0»e it many a timl Leroy Lyman, Jack Lyman, and A H ,Po S“ntK d.gj 5,sth‘SB'«“IS! Goosdell once started on an elk hunt from ntHvEH P?tteJ County, struck the trail at the head of West Creek, in McKean you would have had an'opportunity*!?11®111 lowed^ft th'rty v,m"es from Ronlette, fol- ing something scared at Tts own yShLow' thjon&h Elk, Clarion, and Clear- and scared badly. A blazing nP kEt Sw’ ncla Counties, and finally drove it to its would be lighted in the bow ot aflat bot® trau ei£kty or ninety miles from where the tomed boat, and while one bot‘! ir®n was first struck. They had followed that end with his rifle, another paddled^t fnnnefik?lany days’ and final'y the quarry was hrough the water. Elk were always sure t°0und-an enormous bull,with a spread of to be standing in the water early'in the evenmg after darkness had fully set in naclhad runk mftout «eof unsrations«mapl theitree second- The day hunters and When the light of the fire fell on In elk were nearly starved when they ran the you would not only see his eves shiling lfke ®lk *ts nock. All three of them nut a • coals, but the whole big spectral sprefd of his antlers would stand out against the career.career 1 Viskin^nfVisions of aelk?i meatelk’ andfor supperended hadbis darkness—not only the horns of one but of fani^sbed hunters, and when perhaps half a dozen. When the huntwl bull fell they shouted for joy. With- fired at one elk, all the others would make I ?u.t delay they started in to carve expected a break for shore, but the instant the-5 landed their great black shadow would fall supper,suppyerm °bunutet ther?there wasthe Carcassnot a t0knife cook or for a before them from the light of tim blazing hunting axe in the party that could make fires and back they would rush in tllro? an impression on the old fellow's flesh He to the water, then a hunter might kill *^ery elk m the herd, or several of them raSC?rC4Vithe(wood“and Past before their fright at the gun overcame thl - manlHH'Hil th?-iS,tarvin& hunters could terror of the shadow and the survivors fled SngS! whTnhke edlb’e °f the elk was his to,,t*!® impenetrable darkness of the woods! The biggest set of elk antlers ever capt¬ ured In the Pennsylvania woods was se¬ cured in the Kettle Creek country by Major Isaac Lyman, Philip Tome, George! to* b D' Spoffard, and WilliamWattle*' Philip Tome was a great hunter, and thei pairpair^of of antlersanf, largrest ever carriedand "ext by anto thelnestelk in the famous interpreter for Cornplanter and Blacksnake, the great Indian chiefs He fnTrKtrd"'* “ thSVl! came over from Warren County to hSn Major Lyman capture an elk alive, and the party started in on the first snow, with plenty of ropes and things, They camped but elk were in such big herds thatthey couldn t get a chance at a single bull for more than a week. Then they got the big¬ gest one they ever saw and gave chase to him. They started him from his bed on Yocum Hill, The dogs took hfm down §m Little Kettle Creek to Big Kettle, and urn that two or three miles. There the elk came, n valfsoult‘I thr w helkV when u had from the trail „ throw hunter and hound to bay on a rock. He kept the dogs at a distance until the hunters came up when these ^ck^'Vouming6 f |ta?d at.one of foes, it fiercely foiicrh^wlv and facing- its he left the rock and started away’again T°me, the nature of elk, said that1 all they had to do was to wait and the elk would return to the rock. They dropped poles and fitted up nooses. They waited v ™. uu6 r s*„y-,5 fe* nearly half a day, and then they heard the bull coming crashing through the woods down the mountain side, the dogs in full cry. He mounted his rock again The hunters he did not seem to mind but the dogs he fought fiercely. While he was do¬ ing that the hunters got the nooses over his IP® immense horns and anchored him to sur¬ rounding trees. They got the elk alive to the Allegheny River, and floated him on a raft to Olean Point. Prom there they trav¬ eled with him -through New-York State to Albany, exhibiting him with much profit and at Albany he was sold for $500 That ® Hi elk stood 16 hands high, had antlers 6 feetl long and eleven points on each side thei usual number of points being nine on a side “ The last elk in Pennsylvania is supposed migrate to other 'Sax*rpcZ itthey ewould“s to have been killed in the Winter of 1867 be seen for months in theiV a.nd would not by an Indian named Jim Jacobs, from the Cattaraugus Reservation. Jacobs followed f,$r& 5: the elk from Flagg Swamp, in Elk County to the wilds of Clarion County, through a hard sno.vstorm, where it came to bay on rock, and the Indian shot it. It was elk, and none had been seen or heard of these elk paths startld f E1053fre From, - \U d/2tLiJJLSUJL. when the onlysign h0f t?iVn^1H„iength’ now and them a hunter's cab n from Th* . I headwaters of the Clarion 17f„in’ * tr°m the (FI Date, (Z,.Ma.JLA. & Philadelphians were wont to sit at lit¬ tle tables and sip their beer or wine, while they were entertained by a theatrical show, arranged by the man¬ agement of Vauxhall. The Vauxhall garden was established in 1814, and occupied the whole block bounded by Walnut, Sansom, Juniper and Broad streets, and was the property of Captain John Dunlap. The theatre was situated at the northeast corner of Broad and Walnut streets. One of the. most exciting events that occurred at Vauxhall was on September 8, 1S19, when a balloon ascension, which had been announced, was postponed for some reason unsatisfactory to the crowd. A disturbance ensued, and soon culminated in a regular riot. The | {The Entrance theatro building was set on fire and much damage was done to tl}e grounds. A few months afterwards, however, the ANT old Philadelphians, who grounds were again refitted and opened, have watched with considerable and from that time until 1825 Vauxhall Interest the workmen busily en¬ was a popular place. gaged In razing the fine old In the latter year a reception was held there on the 23d of July, in honor house on the northwest corner of General Lafayette, when a great ex- of Walnut and Juniper streets, to make way for the building which Is to be erected for the use of the Presbyterian. Board of Publication, have, while they watched, ■ recalled to the Interested group of spectators of the younger gen¬ eration, the many Interesting incidents I Which happened in old Vauxhall Gar- i den, which was located at this site some sixty year's ago. Just at, this season of budding spring¬ time these memories of Vauxhall have suggested a retrospective glance at some old-time Philadelphia public and private gardens, for which the city was at one time celebrated, but which have now al¬ most all been destroyed. Perhaps in The Old Tivoli dirden, North Side no way can the marvelous changes of Market Between Thirteenth which have been made in the appear¬ and troad. ance of the city In the last half hundred years be better noted than by a refer¬ hibltlon of firework was given. Lafay- ette was received ence to the location of many once popu¬ rt the entrance by one hundred little girls all dressed in lar breathing places in the heart of the White, but the grea: feature of the ex¬ i&ty._ _, ■ ■ hibition was a grai arch of Columbia, The Dundas garden, at Broad and with a Goddess of Liberty reclining on Walnut streets, is really about the only a pillar of Fame. place left that in any way suggests the dozens of popular gardens which dotted Many years befo e Vauxhall Garden jPhila.delphia In all directions in times was planned, the t public resort was fitted up in this clt 'gone by. To be sure, the beauties of on the plan of the public gardens in he Dundas place are hidden from Dub- London. It was sit- I uated on the Sclhuyjx ic gaze by a formidable and ugly wall, ill River, at Gray’s >ut many of the old trees are still left, _ Ferry. Gray’s ens were opened about the close under which, on warm summer days,' he Revolution, and , CLARKE’S FAMOUS GARDES ON ■>0011 gained a well merited popularity. The grounds are said to have been laid tised' that he kept- the best ‘‘breakfast out with shaded walks, rare flowers and tea and turtle soup.” Summer concerts artistic decorations. Here and there were given at the Lombardy Gardens were interspersed comfortable seats, to which an admittance of 25 cents where visitors could rest and partake was charged, refreshments being in¬ ' of every kind of refreshment The place cluded. About 180S Strawberry Gardens was visited by the most distinguished where the fresh and luscious fruit was people of the city, and Washington, served to perfection, became very popu¬ during his residence here, was a fre¬ lar. One of the most popular of these quent visitor, and in more than one gardens was situated on Strawberry place in his diary he speaks of Gray’s Hill, now in Fairmount Park. Gardens and expatiates on the great m?netSoide? the, sarden3 where entertain- beauty of the place. theri °f varlous kinds were furnished, . On the 4th of July, 1790, the proprie¬ rW,= W®r^, a numder Of botanical gar- II tors of Gray’s Gardens gave a splendid dens established in the early days Of exhibition. The floating bridge across course the most noted of these was the Schuylkill River, which led to the f Jamous ^den on the 1 gardens, was decorated with shrubbery |°^lkllI„ *?iver' no* far from Gray’s , and flowers and with flags representing to "f® tt 1S 1IIc«y that the visitors the States of the Union; in the river the the othePraCe W°Ul<1 frequently resort to ship Union lay off the garden, flying the colors of all nations. At night the | One of the most famous of the bo- Union appeared in a blaze of light, as gardens in the city proper was did also a floating island with a farm established by Daniel Engleman. It was situated on the north side of Arch house and a garden. The portraits of the Presidents of the United States and sJreeL ™een ,Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets. This place was in existence as many statues of heathen deities, which late as 1828, when it was known as the decorated the garden, were illuminated. Labyrinth (harden. Thousands assembled at the place to MacAran’s Garden, bounded by Filbert admire the fairy-like scene, which must Arch Seventeenth and Eighteenth have been of exceeding beauty, and was streets, was also a very popular place. pronounced the grandest spectacle up j MacAran supplied his visitors with to that time presented in Philadelphia. strawberries and cream and fitted up ms garden in a very tasteful style. He About 1795 another popular garden built a large conservatory, in which was opened at Bush Hill. This place were displayed many rare plants and under the management of Lozout & trees; his hothouses were tong and spa¬ Brown was a popular and profitable cious and convenient to walk through- venture. About the beginning of this the out-of-door beds in the garden with century patrons of the public gardens their little boxes, vines and shrubbery began to tire of the fatiguing journeys were all arranged in good taste, and which they were obliged to undertake with an occasional display of a rare ex¬ to get to these places on account of otic. MacAran also had a collection their inaccessibility to the city proper. of living birds and animals. About 1840 Bolt’ll Gray’s Gardens and Harrowgate ' long after it had passed out of the declined on this account &nd their places hands of MacAran, it was turned into a were taken by public gardens estab¬ concert and vaudeville theatre, and fire¬ lished In the centre of the city. works were exhibited there. Pyrotech¬ One of the best-known of these was nic exhibitions seem to have been very popular with the Philadelphians in the i early days. About 1813 the Columbian Garden was opened on Market street between Thir¬ teenth street and' Centre Square. This garden remained a popular place of re¬ sort for some years. In 1,820 the name was changed to the Tivoli Garden, and exhibitions of jugglery and general vau- eville performances were given there, in the very early days every house of any pretensions in the city was sur¬ rounded with an attractive garden. This was according to Penn’s idea of the city and was very conscientiously car¬ The Carpenter House and Garden. ried out by the inhabitants. Among the the Lebanon Garden, situated at the earliest private gardens worthy of note corner of Tenth and South streets. . It was that belonging to Isaac Norris. Mr was a great resort for politicians, and among the events connected with its history are the grand display of fire¬ works in 1817 and a bear-roasting on the 4th of March, 1829, when General Jack- son was inaugurated President. Another popular garden was Centre House Garden, situated at the southeast corner of Fifteenth and Market streets. The Lombardy Gardens were in the same vicinity. They were opened about 1800, and were situated on the west side of Centre Square and the north side of Market street The proprietor adver- • -~ Pretty View In Harrowsrate Gar¬ den. ■ 99 GARDES, rls’ garden was »i.uan.eu oo me jorarft, lavender, thyme and tansy, was th side of Chestnut street, taking up also sure to be seen. he square between Fourth and Fifth As Mr. Norris was a very prominent treets and back to Library street. citizen, his garden was visited by all )n the Chestnut street front was a line strangers coming to Philadelphia, and >f catalpa trees, and at the suggestion there are sundry old family records that if Mr. Benjamin Franklin Mr. Norris mention the entertainment of distin¬ iilanted a row of yellow willows along guished persons at this garden,L among i'ifth street from Chestnut to Library others, a visit to it by Adniiral Howe. Street, the first of these trees seen in Besides Norris’ garden, other private Philadelphia. gardens which were quite famous in their day, were those of Samuel Car¬ er«_ was a certain Quaker primness penter, Israel Pemberton. Mr. Clarke, ut Friend Norris’ garden, and yet It Mayor Powell, the Willing garden and picturesque and beautiful, with its the finely cultivated grounds of Mr. trimmed boxwood borders on ei- Plumstead, situated at the corner of :T side of the gravelled walks, varie- Front and Noble streets. Mr. Redmond with shells that “all in a row,” Cunnlnghain was also proud of a fine rrounded many of the fewer beds, garden which surrounded his mansion e boxwood was carefully trimmed and on Front street ivated in a variety of formal devices, All these primitive old gardens ■ had resenting rustic benches, arbors and cool and delightful summer garden other objects as pleased the fancy houses, where the gossips of the neigh¬ the gardener. The surrounding beds borhood on warm days were wont to ined a profusion of flowering plants, meet and drink tea or wine and munch ; y unfamiliar to our present botan- cakes and crackers. Now all have pass¬ vocabulary, but there were always ed away, never to be revived in the be seen such well-known flowers heart of the city at least, where real princess plume, the sweetbriar rose, estate is so valuable, and so to-day, ; • cl marigolds, sweet-williams and i where once there were so many attrac- ■oses. j tive flower gardens and open air places Besides the garden flowers which per- of resort we do not even have beer ,ed the surrounding air and pleased gardens of the ordinary German variety. artistic eye, were the barberry bush- with their red berries, and holly suggestive mistletoe. There were ", great variety and abundance of and berries cultivated for table when fresh, and for preserving. A ppropriated for the culture of es~ t : plants and herbs for medicinal ulinary uses, such as sweet mar- rr ,1 -AMES RUSSELL LOWELL was andmartcs' that once? surrounded It and once a resident of this city Tnd upplanted them with modern office and nanufacturing buildings. sestinUSR%W,hi1Ch h° caI1-! home. is Still standing, materially un¬ The author’s residence in this city oc¬ changed from the day in which the curred in possibly the happiest period j a.nd his newly wedded wife if his entire life. His letters and those ^its^iw6’ fA0U^d, a happy shelter un- if his gifted wife bear ample testimony ** A half-century has swept ;o this fact. She states that James and ti^6 h°ase since that time, but the lerself were “most delightfully situated,” me three-and-a-half-story brick !’”e Athe northeast corner of th and Arch streets, has withstood ravages of time and the spirit of movement” which has leveled the are as good as an author’s ought to ind refers to the period of their resi¬ be, and I begin to fear that we shall dence in the Quaker City in these word not have the satisfaction of being so "It was very sweet in its provincial val¬ very poor after all. But we are, in ley of self-sufficiency and contentment" ] spite of this disappointment of our ex- It was under the sloping roof of this I pectations, the happiest of mortals or house that Mr. and Mrs. Lowell really ! spirits, and cling to the skirts of every spent their honeymoon. Miss White had I passing hour, although we know the been a native of Watertown. Mass., and next will bring us still more joy, it was there at the largo estate of her “Your most happy and affectionate, father that Lowell wooed and won her. The depth of his love is tenderly re¬ “MARIA LOWELL." vealed in all his letters to his intimate Lowell himself revealed what those i friends. In one of those addressed to G. “prospects” were. Writing to C. F. Briggs, then the editor of the Broadway B. Loring Tie says: "Maria White—I Journal, in New York city, he says, can’t call her Miss—is beautiful—so pure “I shall, no doubt, have something to and spirit-like. To make a bull—she send you by the early part of next seems half of earth and more than half week.” The letter was dated in Janu¬ jof heaven.” At another time, when she ary, shortly after his arrival—“As to the) I presented a banner to the Watertown answer to your proposition, I know not [Washington Total Abstinence Society, in ■“•hM. to '■fiy. In spite of your surmise,] the year 1842, he writes: “The meeting I am so little in the habit of measuring was held on a beautiful wooded hill be- what I do by dollars and cents, that j longing to Mr. White. The day was as nothing is harder for me to do, than to I fine as could have been wished. Maria set a value on my wares. You know I looked—I never saw any woman look i our circumstances exactly. All I ask so grand. She was dressed in snowy I white with a wreath of oak leaves and is enough for necessities. ^Graham win water-lilies round her head, and a wa¬ no doubt give me, as he has done, 530 ter-lily in her bosom.” for a poem. My new book (Conversa¬ They were married towards the end tions On the Old Poets) will pay $100 for the first edition if it sells well; my of December, 1844. Her health was im¬ volume of poetry may be called 8500 a paired, and fearing to pass the remainder year more. Another source of revenue of the winter in New England where it has been opened to me since I came here. lingers long, they determined to take up The Anti-Slavery Friends pay me $5 for their residence in this city, whose win¬ a leader in their paper, which comes ter was so much less rigorous than that out once a fortnight, making $10 of the Bay State. His literary labors a month while I api here. You* also drew him to this city. He was at see I am not in want.” A few weeks that time a subordinate editor of the fa¬ later he wrote, "Amid infinite interrup¬ mous Graham’s Magazine, having taken tions I have at last managed to finish the position in 1843. It was he, who, in a poem for you, which is better in com-, April of that year, communicated to position than in execution. I intended' Nathaniel Hawthorne the desire of the it to be the best I had ever written, but editor, Edgar Allen Poe, that he, too, have a sort of a notion that it is rather should become a contributor. During ! fiat. To-morrow I am going out into his residence here his pen was constantly the country to spend two or three days active. In addition to his work for Gra- 1 with some Orthodox Quakers and to¬ ham, both in prose and in verse, he day I have got to write a leader for the wrote editorials for the Pennsylvania! Pennsylvania Freeman, which must be Freeman, the noted anti-slavery paper, done before noon.” The poem alluded which Whittier had once so brilliantly to was “The Ghost Seer,” which wu conducted, produced his first volume of printed on March 8. 1S45. poems, and the delightful "Conversations The last letter which Lowell wrote on the Old Poets,” ana all this within from this city was encouraging, . the brief period of five months during which Philadelphia was his home. The newly married pair, arrived in this city early in January, and they took lodgings. Oh the third floor of the ancient house at Fourth and Arch streets Un¬ der date of January 16, 1845, Mrs. Lowell wrote to her intimate friend. Mis. Na¬ thaniel Hawthorne: .. . "Mv Dear Sophia—I wished to write to you before I left home, but in the hurry of those , last hours I had no time, and instead of delicate sentiments could only send you gross plum-cake, which I must hope you received. We are de¬ lightfully situated here in every le spect, surrounded with kind and sy”ip - thizing friends, yet allowed by them to as quiet and retired as we choose, but it is always a pleasure to know you ANCIENT HISTORIC 1 can have society if you wish it, by walk- 1 ing a few steps beyond your own door. “We live in a little chamber on the third story, quite low enough to be an RAILROADING BEFORE THE PENN- attic, so that we feel classic in ou • SYLVANIA'S REORGANIZATION. environment; and we have one of the, sweetest and most motherly of Quaker | women to anticipate all our wants, and make us comfortable outwardly as we HOW FUNDS WERE RAISED FDR THE WEST are blest inwardly. James prospects Early Management of the Road. GENERAL. CAMERON MADE A HOUSE- ‘‘In 1845 Joseph Yeager, a comb maker of pO-EOUSE COLLECTION. Philadelphia, was President of the Harris¬ burg Railroad and John Linton was the Treasurer and used to bring the money to pay us. Dr. Holmes was one of the principal OPEHIM THE LINE TO JOHNSTOWN Directors. William Beatty was superintend-' ent when the depot or station was built. In 1856, when laying track into the station, there was no engineer to stake out the line, and the ; AN EXCURSION TRAIN WHICH CARRIED superintendent said to me: ‘There are the I MANY DISTINGUISHED PASSENGERS. doors. Get in the best way you can. ’ There were two doors and four tracks run through the station. “Lewis Haupt, a school teacher, was the Tlie following letter, received by a Penn¬ first superintendent of the Pennsylvania sylvania Railroad official from a man who Railroad, and he was succeeded by Herman has been engaged In construction work on Lombaert. The first trains running through the road from a date prior to the organiza¬ to Lewistown were turned where the brick tion of the company, and who is still a con¬ station now stands. The engine was turned tractor for such work, will be read with in¬ by a rope and windlass. terest in connection with the celebration of I. “John Keller. ” the 50th anniversary of its birth, which takes place to-day: ALL THE WAY TO JOHNSTOWN. “I see by the papers that the Pennsylvania Railroad Company is going to celebrate its Reprint of the “Ledger’s” Account of the 50th anniversary. I thought it might be of Opening Excursion Published Yearly 4G j Years Ago. interest to the younger railroad men now managing this great corporation to hear The following account of the celebration of the opening of the Pennsylvania Railroad’s some facts from an old railroad employs, through line from Philadelphia to Johns¬ j “Fifty years ago last October (1815) I as¬ town is reprinted from the Ledger of Octo¬ sisted to build a mile of new track on the ber 21, 1850. The event, was Justly regarded Harrisburg Railroad from Conewago east. as of national importance, and the Ledger’s jThe first Tee rails made in the United States enterprise in reporting all its details was were at that time made in Danville. They widely commended. were 40-pound rails and I helped to lay them. There were then English 40-pound rails in [REPORTED FOR THE PUBLIC LEDGER. ] use botween-DlllarviUe and Elizabethtown, Celebration of the Opening of the Penn¬ 'laid on locust ties from DiUerville to Mt. .Toy, sylvania Railroad to Johnstown, in Cambria County. and from Mt. .Toy to Elizabethtown they The officers of the Pennsylvania Railroad Com¬ were laid on cypress ties shipped from Maine. pany on Thursday. the 17th instant, celebrated the The Train Service. opening of a direct railroad route from West Phila¬ “We then had two passenger trains daily. delphia to Johnstown, distant 71 miles from Pitts- . The night line left DiUerville at 5 A. M. with bare, by nn excursion from the former place to one passenger car and a few four-wheel mar¬ Hollidayshurg. in Huntingdon county. The road ket cars. The mail train had two passenger may be said to be composed of four grand sections, ears, leaving DiUerville at 2 P. M. There the first by the way of the new route to avoid the was one freight train east and one west haul¬ inclined place to Lancaster, passing over the Co¬ ing about ten to twelve 10-ton cars. lumbia Railroad to the latter point. From thence the route ishv the Lancaster and Harrisburg Rail¬ “General Cameron was the principal mover road to Harrisburg. Here the Pennsylvania Rail¬ In building the Harrisburg Railroad. He road commences, and is constructed to Hollidays- travelled over the line making speeches to burg, at the foot of the Alleghenies. the farmers to get subscriptions to the stock. Passengers then take the Portage Railroad across He made a speech at a country school-house the Alleghenies by inclined planes,and are set down Just west of Floran, where the railroad crosses in Johnstown, from whence the present travel to the turnpike. He was the guest of a Mr. Pittsburg is by stage coaches. In a few months the Harnley. He told the farmers he expected section of the road from the Smoky City to tHe Por- to be able to take breakfast in Harrisburg, go tnge will be completed. We shall then have a con¬ to Philadelphia, return to Harrisburg the tinuous line of rails from the Delaware to the Oh’o. same day and take supper there. After the The Portage Railroad isbut a temporary connection. meeting adjourned Mr. Harnley tapped the It is the design of the companv to lay their rails j over the mountains by easy ascending apd descend- j General on the shoulder and said: ‘You may :ing grades, which may be travelled by locomotives. j tell these people about going to Philadelphia The intention of (he present recursion was to give and returning the same day, but you and I the members of the corporation of the City of Phila¬ know better. ’ The General went from house delphia and the different districts of the county an to house on Market street, Philadelphia, opportunity of inspecting the work as far as com¬ from the Delaware to the Schuylkill, and got I pleted, and making themselves acquainted with the $50,000 in subscriptions tothe stock. iSfo bonds character of the enterprise. Besides the officers of were issued to build the road. the various municipal districts, the company in¬ Handling Troops for the Mexican War. cluded the Hon. .Tames Buchanan, late Secretary of “The war with Mexico commenced in 1845, State: the Hon. Wm. M. Meredith, late Secfetary 1 of the Treasury; Gen. Rennet Riley. TT. s. a.'; j and the Philadelphia soldiers were sent by Hon. Joseph R. Ingersoll,Meml)"rs of the Legisla¬ the way of Harrisburg. We had two loco¬ ture. tiie officers of (he Company and representa¬ motives and eight ears to haul about 600 men. tives of the Pres”. ■ 1 We left DiUerville about 6 o’clock P. M. and It was a goodly company, numbering POO or got to Harrisburg about midnight, and thereabouts, which left Philadelphia on Ihe morning loaded them into canal boats. The canal of the 17tli.at half-past 8 o'clock. Tn approaching basin was where the Reading passenger sta¬ ihe starting n'ace thr attention of the guests was tion now stands. The passenger station of arrested by various indications of ihe great change the Harrisburg Railroad fronted on Market about to take place in Market street by the location street. It was a brick building.80 feet square of ihe terminus of the State Works at West Phila¬ and two stories high, with a wooden shed 100 delphia, and the construction of the new road io feet long, with a platform covered by a roof, avoid iiie inclined plane. The permanent bridge is I inn transition state.one side of It being lit for travel¬ about 10 feet wide, against which the passen¬ ling purposes, the other not yet finished. The ger trains stopped. .copenrs to ^nh^>nn!iariTfrfrsrron.s:. on or; time ago marine' Ifitpf&vfimente of rate-yea i f-st'' *Ido of- I thoin. Sclimikill. .1 in. I . .VI : . thel IJV- hljEjlill'+ill ombnnkmpnt^mPIlfS ,r?a^ conveyances were so many that Invention will carry H e rail" STOCKHOLDERS AND GUESTS. dents and Director irnvo tbe“vi Vlee G PresIr“-- ception, to which wfrT in vTte? gencral r°-j citizens, representatives „,VUf,d Prominent and the stockholders of the° p®1 railroads ADDRESSES OF CONGRATULATION Railroad, there h-ivino- k tb® Pennsylvania invltatioi. notTncZunTtTUed about800i holders. Refresh?g Lhose to stock-, this reception woreserved°in th°n atteadiaS delivered by the representatives of which was lavishly Kd w^"’0m- I The whole of this fl no “ Wlth fl°wers. ; THE COMMUNITIES IT SERVES. for the serving of the i,Ef ^ment n°t required, i,io°ms- Ti?:i,TJ:°zrz:r^zThcrl flowers, and about the room were Y REMINISCENCES OF ITS FOUNDING sr*.»‘55.,?. 7opcomT^onofthe " the up-to-date passenger*}g°f air was given to every part oftSeu- festal THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC FILLED WITH visitors had to pass throughby the£SSf,-he THOSE INVITED TO THE CELEBRATION. claims and flowering plant/about the em? old he celebration was thatwhf'Vresslve part! , tto commemorate in the Academy of Music aTa o^ T*?plaCe great auditor) um « CJ°Ck- The of the Pennsylvantl R^n,n^,VnCOrporatIon carried out yesterday w h C°mpaay Were flowers. On the railing in tfont of eaJh Vth and at short intervals all around the * box and balcony railing around the parquet ;ss,;dark red roses r.spfchT? z¥l great"f‘X“23 bM^.sof State. oterests, the city and the B^^of0BlreectorsaT0an^tt|arranVea by tbe small palms, from behind which the tinguished orators of the div dicIoT tb! dls' 3e.it, tor » IT,”I fven by the Presi- thc operating officer orth’e^o12 °’0l°Ck’ t0 Pennsylvania Ran™ arious divisions of the! proe.X, , ° comPany’s half century o? sistanf enters mA-i SyStCm and thc H progiess, v as a map which filled the entire 300 men fnLii'. Us a botiy of about] space at the rear of the n„ « t r d»n.' reccn ing the officers the PresiJ plainly drawn the entire PennsvdvaniaV'p8 thfcZparifand^,^^106 ^esidente oJ Refreshments w™ IP® L?a?'d of Directors, room, on the fourth *flnod "Ythe assembiy R'^SSSed^S^"><^ldeat mmm present daTt0 thls wonderful showing^f /was dmwn toP,rbcPerity aDd strength there! ss. so /the man a linn r Same Scale oa thobottom of the life^ofyour'corporation6' a! likeWise M ^ips»= who have preceded rt„ , ? to the many given up to the ladies of the officers- flm look back as of the sarLe , ° ”'1°™ W® caa around us. and who Shi theT aS thoso the prosperity of n.Vd the inundation of <>pon tho charaCteihofCOiSP^y- K iS Whol,y Pioyfs that its n,t«rets^--t-J)-;| SrS??«.,q' t*»=ad Vice Presidents of the Pennsylvania Railroad | passengers. Company, Vico Presidents McCrea and TO WHAT IT HAS GROWN. Brooks, of tho Pennsylvania Company, and From that day to this its growth has been the Directors of the Pennsylvania Railroad What? To-day it has attained by purchase Company, who took seats on the front row | and the construction of lines the ownership on the stage. Mayor Warwick came in a few directly in your State from Philadelphia to moments later before the other prominent 11 Pittsburg of S57 miles of railroad, which I guests were all seated on the remaining stage ;heg you not to forget is the Keystone of the seats. . system as well as Pennsylvania is the Key¬ Conductor Charles M. Schmitz had drawn stone of this country. [Applause.] That cor- upon t.lse best musicians of the city to make / poration now owns, or controls, or has owned up an orchestra of 60 performers, who regaled I and controlled, 256 corporations, which by con¬ the assembling audience for half an hour solidation and merger are to-day represented with choice selections. When the time for by 138 distinct companies, most of them en- opening tho exercises had arrived, President gaged in transportation, but some engaged Roberts advanced to the lront of the stage in manufacturing and mining industries. It with a paper containing a few memoranda in controls 9000 miles of railroad, either by lease his hand, and spoke as follows: or ownership. [Applause.] When you, take Address of President Roberts. the length of these lines, counting the side Ladles and gentlemen, shareholders, offi¬ tracks an d yard tracks, the trackage meas¬ cers and fellow-employes of the Pennsylva¬ ures more than one single line of rail around nia Railroad Comnany: We are here this day the entire earth. [Applause. ] io emphasize the fact and give expression to SOME LARGE FIGURES. It that the corporation of which you are The aggregate capital of these corporations, largely interested is about passing the 50th which is owned or controlled by your cor¬ mile post o! the life of its organization. In poration is about $834,000,000 [applause], and no better way can we judge of what it will be while your corporation in 1852 moved but in the future than to take a retrospective view 70,000 tons of freight, much less than it moves of what has taken place in the past. Those now in a day, the aggregate tonnage of the who are not willing to be guided by that various corporations passing over the system Which they have had anapportunitv of ke&- during the past year was 160,000,000 tons [ap¬ t- . seldom mane a success oi doing and plause], a tonnage which bears a fair pro¬ _ that which comes before them in portion to the entire tonnage of all lae future. Therefore, without taking much the transportation lines in the United ofyour'ime, I will briefly go over what has States. [Applause. ] And it carried, with a happened in the progress of your corporation reasonable amount of safety and comfort •ince its organization in April 13, 1843, until 75,000,000 of passengers. In 1852 the total the present time. number of locomotives was about 50, and the TO WHAT SUCCESS IS DUE. entire number of cars owned by the corpora¬ There are many, no doubt, here present tion was not over 1000. To-day your system Who are to-day officers or employes of the controls 3400 locomotives and 141,000 cars of company, in addition to those who are share¬ Bll kinds, including 226 barges and steam¬ holders in it and form the company, who re¬ boats and other craft used in connection with member that day. They have lived with it; Uts lines upon the water. This equipment they have grown up with it, and to their un¬ would give you a train of cars extending tiring watchfulness has come about what from New York to Chicago solid, and largely measure of prosperity you have. It is not Over. [Applause.] those whom you see around us, your Direc¬ ( ITS FINANCIAL PROGRESS. ' tors, Trustees and heads of various depart¬ The gross income of your corporation in ments, but it is to the rank and file of 1852 was less than $2,000,000. In 1895 the gross the entire 100,000 men who are in your Income of the corporations in your systems •inploy and who so faithfully look was over $133,000,000. [Applause.] Those after your interests that whatever measure who are acquainted with the revenues ot the of prosperity you enjoy this day is to be at¬ various States forming the country, and the tributed. They are not the slaves measur¬ revenues of the entire Union, will recognize ing out their labor by what you pay them; ihat this compares very favorably with but let me speak to you, shareholders, one either. and all, they give to you all that is in them. Now such a corporation as this cannot be Bo matter what their recompense may he. conducted without bringing itself closely in To the esprit du corps to he found in your connection with the people of the United employes and officers (not including myself States, and upon their prosperity depends in the list) is cause foi congratulation. tnost largely the prosperity of your company HOW THE GREAT ROAD STARTED OUT. ;To show you what it is in distributing its To look back upon the annals of this cor¬ revenues, in the year 1852 its pay roll poration is the best way to judge, not only Amounted to less than 8400,000; lu 1895 its pay of what has taken place in its progress, but Toll amounted to over $36,000,000, an average also what has taken place in the progress of of over $100,000 a day. [Applause.] This the State and of the nation. It measures a iWill, better than anything else, illustrate the p«riod of time which has been fertile in tfact that the prosperity of the Individual is •verything that has tended to the growth |the prosperity of the corporation. This $36, - and prosperity and wealth and comfort to 000,000 bears but a slight proportion to the those who now have the opportunity of en¬ Idisbursements of the company, but is the joying it. After your corporation was or¬ 'disbursement to your officers and employes ganized in 1846 it had to spend the first few and those engaged in looking after the busi¬ , years of its life in starting out to gather to it ness. that measure of confidence which has never The number of men employed in 1852 we l been taken away from it from that day to have no record of; certainly it could hot have I this, which enabled it to consummate, in ,been very large, but in tho past year you have I 1852, a line of transportation, in connection 97,000 men upon your pay rolls. All this has i with the State works, between our own city [been transacted, the vast disbursement of Pittsburg. At that time it consisted of | this money has taken place In the various Bdles of railroad, with a capital and debt administrations of your company, without bout $12,000,000. The first year of its |your company having defaulted in any man- ations it carried not over 70,000 tons of jner on any of its financial obligations what- bt, and transported about half a million ■.^ ~ ' \ ever- [Great applause.] It has palcT promptly I on the day it agreed to pay'every pay roll i t has been shared largely by the country w undertook to pay. No man has ever asked it Justly for his money who has not prompt.ly your lines have passed through. When v stretch out to the large commercial centre.1 reeeived it when it was due. After making ' Louisville, St. Louis, Chic; all this distribution of funds, what has re¬ and Cleveland, which are the outposts mained for you that are here, the sharehold¬ your great corporation, you will find tl ers of the company, for yourselves ? It has they have all made in the march of pro^r been a distribution to you in the last half equal strides with what jve have eDjoyed century of over $166,000,000 [applause], a very the East., fair rate of Interest on every dollar that has Now I will but briefly refer to one or t ever been invested by the shareholders in the things, to illustrate more forcibly to you t corporation from the first day it was invested to the present time. [Applause. ] fact, fellow-shareholders—because I am o of you—that the officers and employes A TRIBUTE TO THE COMPANY’S KM PLOY ES your company are of the most genuine cl; Now I could go on and dwell upon these of people that are to be found in the emplc statistics, and I could tell you many things ment of any corporation or any governme that have occurred in the advancement of m the country. [Applause,! the prosperity of this great country in con¬ THE EMPLOYES! RELIEF FUND. nection with your line, because a kind Provi¬ Then there is the fact that each man stan dence has spared to me nearly one-half cen¬ closely alongside of each other maninsha tury of my life, more or less, in the service mg his prosperity and his adversiiy. As; ot this company. [Applause. ] But there are evidence of this some 10 years since they cor those who will follow me that can much bet¬ tuned together to form their Relief Fun. ter refer to that, but when I state that I have and that Relief Fund to-day numbers52,C had the pleasure of serving you for that members, and has distributed among i length of time, I will not omit to say that membership in the way of caring for the sic! there are others still now in the employ of tor the widows, for the orphans, for tbo your company who outrank me many years who m the performance of their dutv hai In time. There are many who have been in sacrificed their life, sacrificed their limb your company the whole half century of its ™ otherwise, a sum of money over $6,000 existence, who have faithfully performed the COO. [Applause.] It is to-day distributir duties confided to them, and to whom trom those who are more blessed by healt as I have before said, are due, from their and by relief from accident, to those of the unwavering fidelity to your interests, the re¬ fellow employes who have met with mif sults that have not only come to this corpora¬ fortune, a sum of money equal to $2000 fc tion, but I tell you the results that have each working day. This is one of the great largely come to your good city here, to the est evidences in the world of the fact ths great metropolis at the western end of your your prosperity is insured so long as you ea line and to your State. No enterprise of this get that fellowship to exist among your em kind can be conducted with the unswerving ploygs and between yourselves and em Integrity that has marked those whom you ployfis. [Applause.] have entrusted with its care—our predeces¬ And now let me close my few remarks sors, long gone to their resting place-without which have lasted longer than I intended, bi at least, an acknowledgement on our part of thanking you for the privilege that has conn the results that have so largely come to you to me to preside over your corporation at thi: from the interest they have taken, not only time; to thank you especially that I hav< in the welfare of your company, but in the been supported by those who are so close tc welfare of this great Commonwealth , us in the administration of the affairs of thi< THE BENEFITS TO THE COMMONWEALTH company, and by the rank and file of the em¬ To snow you that the corporation has not been the only one to share in these results we ployes, from the lowest, the humblest, to the have only to turn to the progress of our State highest, in the performance of their duties. to the progress of our nation in the past half Let me ask of you as the years pass on a fair century. [Applause.] and honest treatment of those men, and to you, rest assured, they will always give a fair In 1852 there were less than 25,000,000 of return for all you give them. [Applause. ] people m the United States. To-day there are over 70,000,000, an increase of 108 per cent Governor Hastings’s Speech. nearly The State of Pennsylvania num¬ Governor Daniel H. Hastings was intro¬ bered in its people less than 2,500,000 in 1852 duced as the representative of the State, the interests of which are so closely connected 14 nu,mber* 5,700, m if not nearly b,000,000 of peop.e, as happy, as well clothed with those of %he Pennsylvania Railroad as well governed as any 6,000,000 of peopte Company. Governor Hastings said: that exist in any parti ot the world. [Great “In the early part of this century, who- applause.] Not oppressed in any way by the building of the branch road from Lanca any transportation interest!;, and liberal ter to Harrisburg was being projected, ar [n every dealing, with ,the transpor¬ public meetings to induce the citizens alor tation interests of their State. It is the proposed line to subscribe for the st.oc largely through the liberality with were being held. General Cameron was a winch the citizens of your good Common- I enthusiastic advocate of the enterprise. In Wealth have dealt yith you and the return I speech he made at Elizabethtown, he said h that you have given that th e mutual pros-1 ‘hoped to see the day when he could take h perlty has been given to both the Common- breakfast iu Harrisburg, go to Philadelphi wealth and your corporation. Philadelphia on the cars, transact his business there an return to Harrisburg in time for a goo in 1852 numbered less than a half million of j. people, and to-day It numbers nearly 1.200,- " night’s rest. ’ One of his auditors, a typic: 000. Pittsburg numbered, less than 40,000, and , Pennsylvania Dutchman, who was well ac to-day it numbers 280,000—nearly 600 per cent. I‘ quainted with him, interrupted him'tosav more. You will bear in mind that the city of ‘Simon, I always knew you were a little rat Pittsburg ia not a consolidated city like the I tle-bramed, but never thought you were s big a dunce to talk that way. ’ city of Philadelphia, and, therefore, in refer- rnig to its population, we do not include its ‘ ‘Pennsylvania, as in many other respect j suburban districts as we do here, took the lead in the development of tr; portation facilities. As early as 1796 j Now I give these statistics to point out to I you that the prosperity that you have had 1 State had completed three lines of turnpj, connecting the Delaware with the Ob,' These were called the Northern, Middle and sense.’ ^The water-ways system met whu Southern State roads, and were as superior even more opposition than the turnpikes and to the Revolutionary roads as the canal is the antagonism was increased, as against the to the turnpike. Six-horse teams were’at- railroad improvements. The stage coach tached to the passenger coaches and also to and the Conestoga wagon rendered the pack the Conestoga wagons for the transportation horse a useless institution. The canals and of freight. The horses were gaily caparisoned the railroads frequently left the Pennsyl¬ in bells and ribbons and the stage drivers vania tavern and thovillage that surrounded were the heroes of the hour. The stage tav¬ it off to one side to seek other patronage than erns, large two-story buildings, were located the traveller in a hurry. 10 to 20 miles apart, and the arrival of the “On the 13th of April, 1816, the Pennsyl¬ 6tage coach was the principal event of the vania Railroad Company was incorporated, day. Most of the taverns were kept by men and then commenced a railway development ■who had served in the Revolutionary War, never equalled in any country or in any and the rude pictures of Washington, Lafay¬ time. It is not my purpose to recount the ette, Putnam and Wayne upon the sign great volume of the business done by this boards generally indicated their popular Pennsylvania institution, nor to attempt to heroes. enumerate the passenger traffic or aggregate TURNPIKES AND CANALS. the transportation of freight, or the steady “Pennsylvania’s system of turnpike roads march of improvement and development of was the first complete system in the country, ; the company. Its last sale of mortgage but they had scarcely been finished when bonds to the amount of £1,000,000, dated public agitation in favor of a complete water¬ July 1, 1895, bearing V/2 percent, interest, way to connect Pennsylvania with the great I maturing in 50years, has established thefact waterways of the West was commenced. that, the fthancial credit of the Pennsylvania Succeeding Legislatures authorized surveys Railroad Company at that time was equal to : and estimates, until finally the State itself ’ I^c credit of the United States Government undertook the construction of a canal from in the markets of the world. Columbia, on the Susquehanna, to Harris¬ MERIT THE BASIS OF PROMOTION. burg, and thence along the Juniata to Holli- “It is the original and best working civil daysburg, with a portage railroad across the service organization in the country. The pro¬ Alleghenies to Johnstown, and the western motions are based absolutely upon merit, and section of the canal from that point to Pitts¬ the best proof of this proposition lies in the burg. Public sentiment demanded still fur¬ fact that John Edgar Thomson commenced ther development, which resulted in the his professional career with the engineer North and West Branch Canals on the Sus¬ corps employed upon the original survey of quehanna. The artificial waterways provided the road from Philadelphia to Columbia 'its transportation -as far east as Columbia, hut second President, Col. Thomas A. Scott, scientific skill was unable to construct a canal , started as station agent in the village of Dun- from that point to Philadelphia. To keep the J eansviile, and its present honored'President trade in Pennsylvania and divert it to Phila¬ began as a rodman in the engineering corps. delphia it became necessary to construct a J ‘ ‘The Pennsylvania Railroad Company has i railroad between these two points. For all j, kept steadily to the front m the march of these enterprises the State • expended about railway improvements. It was the first to $18,000,000. ■_ use steel rails in 1863; to use Bessemer steel “The 'successful operation of this line of : rails in 1865; to use the air brake in 1866; the railroad and the building of similar lines in track tank in 1872, and the signal block sys- other parts of the country induced the people tern in 1873. Its display at the Chicago Ex- of the State, through the Legislature, to agi¬ | hibition was the best picture story that could tate further railroad development. Again have been made of 50 years’ development in commissions were appointed and surveys American railroads. When Pennsylvania authorized. In 1839 Charles L. Schlatter was 1 was making up her exhibit for the Cotton authorized to survey a line of road which States and International Exposition at At- would connect Pennsylvania with the trade ; Janta, and had gathered from her treasures and commerce of the great West, In 1841 he | of history and patriotism her native wealth j submitted his report, setting forth three fea- and had appointed a day upon which to lay |i sible lines of road, which he called the North¬ I tljem at the feet of her Southern sisters, her ern, Central and Southern, connecting' on the representatives were conveyed to the capital li east with the railroad at Harrisburg. His | of Georgia in the finest and best equipped central route was practically adopted in the j railroad train that ever crossed the Mason building of the Pennsylvania Central road; 1 and Dixon line. It was the exhibit of the his northern route Is substantially the line of Pennsylvania Railroad Company. the Philadelphia and Erie road, while the GREAT PUBLIC SERVICES RENDERED. Cumberland Valley Railroad, east of the Al¬ ‘ ‘In many other ways the company has an leghenies, and the Baltimore and Ohio, west, enviable record, from which many items of cover to a large extent his proposed southern lines. interest might be recounted. There is the consideration that it shows to its employes* IMPROVEMENTS MET WITH OPPOSITION, there is the manner in which it has co-oper¬ j “Each successive improvement met ated in affording relief in times of calamity with its fuL share of opposition. General and disaster, and there is also its record of Alexander Ogle, member of Congress in the assistance during the War of the Rebellion. days of General Jackson, in the course of a “It gives me pleasure to be here to-day, Fourth of July oration, described the oppo¬ and in this distinguished presence to coni ' sition to the turnpike and wagon transporta- * gratulate President Roberts and his associates tion. ‘Your grandmother, ’ said he, ‘can upon the 50 years of successful administra¬ tell you what a rumpus these ninnies raised tion of a Pennsylvania institution that has around the first wagon road over the moun¬ done more for the industries and the people tains to Pittsburg. It would break up the of the State than any other private corpora- pack horse men and the horse breeders | tion,” Would be ruined. I told them that one Mayor Warwick’s Address. wagoh could carry as much salt, bar iron and , Following Governor Hastings Mayor brandy from Philadelphia or Baltimore as a ; Charles F. Warwick was presented by Presi- whole caravan of half-starved mountain dent Roberts after a few introductory re- ponies, and I further told them that of all [_marks, and spoke in part as follows: the people in the world, fools have the least .. —-are WL ‘•The combination of mind, skill, energy search be hot interrupted by wars or great su- and money enable us to do that which, if left cial revolutions, no one can guess or prophecy to individual or unorganized , effort, could what the future has In store. Electricity never be accomplished. This union of forces has been applied in the direction of travel, is what we call corporate power. light, heat, power and sound, and yet new “Capital'and labor are terms sometimes discoveries are being made almost dally. misunderstood, and are often used ]jy dema¬ What would our fathers have said if they had gogues to conjure with and to arouse the been told that in time we could converse with anger and passions of men. A man’s skill, a man 1000 miles away, and hear him as dis¬ energy and industry are as much capital-as tinctly as though he were at our side? the money of the millionaire. “What would they have said had it been “Capital and labor should go hand in hand, predicted that in 50 years we would travel giving opportunities to each other and de¬ from Philadelphia to New York in less than pendent on each other. When united and two hours, or to Pittsburg in a night, sleep¬ working together they are a great force for ing in an easy couch the whole distance, or the public good. that a voyage from the Old World to the New “A corporation such as the Pennsylvania could be made across the Atlantic in less than Railroad Company is a republic or State six days ? within itself; its employes find their ambi¬ “What would they have thought had it tion satisfied by reaching the honors within been prophesied that a speech in the English its gift, for responsible positions in its man¬ House of Parliament would reach us and be agement in every direction mark the success read the day of its delivery. of individual effort. “ ‘Yet. I doubt not through the ages “The President of the United States may One increasing purpose runs, bean accident [laughter], the result of po¬ And the thoughts of men are widened litical scheming, but the President of a great With the process of the suns.’ corporation such as this is one whose honors “The boy who hears my voice to-day, if he have come because of his worth and fitness; lives fifty years from this hour, may look his selection is the recognition of great, quali¬ back on these times as slow and almost lost ties and his position is, correspondingly, one in the mist of ages. In view of what we have of honor. seen accomplished iu so short a time, it is A WONDERFUL AGE. impossible to be incredulous as to any pre¬ “In 1846, the date of the incorporation of diction that may be made as to the results this company, the population of Philadel¬ yet to be reached in the years to come. ” phia was 340,000; at that time the Pennsylva¬ nia Railroad Company began its construc¬ Clarence Burleigh Speaks for Pittsburg. tion and to-day the total length of its lines, When Mayor Warwick had concluded owned, leased and operated, Is 4075.95 miles President Roberts said: “The city that stands of railroad and 8004.19 miles of track. at the western terminus of the main section “It owns about 50,000 cars and 2000 1000- of the railroad cannot be passed by on an oc¬ motives. There are over 75.000 men on its casion like the present, seeing that the ex¬ pay rolls. These figures give some idea of tent of its manufactures is a most important the immense interests of this company. feature in the prosperity of the Common¬ ‘ ‘When you think of this wonderful growth wealth and of the Pennsylvania Railroad and bear in mind that In 1836, only 10 years Company. Wo honed that Mayor Henry P. before the date of its incorporation, there Ford would be here in person to represent were but little more than 1000 miles of rail¬ the city, but he is prevented by severe illness road on the American continent, you may from attending, and has delegated Mr. Clar¬ have some slight appreciation of what this ence Burleigh, the City Attorney, to take his means. place.’ ’ ‘ ‘To-dav we have in the United States from Mr. Burleigh said In part: , 140,000 to 150,000 miles of railroad, giving em¬ “In these wonderful days of human effort, ployment to more than 000,000 men. It has and human achievement, when man has been calculated that about 2,000,000 people well-nigh accomplished the impossible, and are directly dependent upon the labor of these when practical perfection in nearly every- men for their daily bread. .Surely this is a j thing greets the senses upon every hand, it is wonderful age in which we live. not onlyr a pleasure, but an honor and a “In 1846, at the time of the granting of the I privilege, to congratulate an organization charter to the Pennsylvania Railroad Com¬ j whose signal success has challenged the ad¬ pany, you could have left. Pittsburg eai’ly in miration of the nation. The Pennsylvania the evening and have reached Johnstown (103 | Railroad Company is an institution tiiat has miles) in 28 hours on a canal boat, called a equalled, if not surpassed, every one of its passenger packet, changing horses 13 times. competitors in all parts of the globe. Dur¬ The stage coaches, however, were somewhat ing the half century of its existence it lias faster. I wonder how this speed would suit stood like a rock, withstanding all the the traveller of to-day. shocks of time, and it lias seemed to gather “In 1838 a steamship, called the Sirius, be¬ strength and vigor at every obstacle that it gan ocean navigation between England and lias encountered and overcome. our country. She was a vessel of 700 tons “On behalf of that great, and busy hive of burden, and made the voyage in a little over industry that stands at the western gate of 18 days. TheLucania, of 12,000 tons, makes this Commonwealth, I wish to pay a tribute it now in less than six days. to the excellence and the importance of this The Mayor dwelt eloquently upon the won huge transportation agency. The people of ders of steam and electricity and upon their Pittsburg recognize that the railroad is a vast influence upon the progress and welfare sine qua non of their commercial prosperity; of mankind, and continued: that it has been the chief factor, in maintain¬ WHAT OF THE FUTURE? ing the welfare of thair city. The rivers to “Notwithstanding the great progress that the westward of us have helped us much, but has been made in the past, no one can meas¬ their carrying facilities are not to b0COTH-4 ure the possibiliites of the future. Elec¬ pared with those furnished by the great cor/ tricity is yet in its infancy in so far as its ap¬ poration whose golden jubilee we celebrate plication to the uses and comforts of man is to-day-. In the name of Pittsburg, I offer the concerned. We stand but in the shadow of heartiest wishes for your future success. ’ ’ the coming day. If scientific study and re- Frederick Fraley’s Reminiscences. tne intormaUbn which would commend the After President Roberts had read a con¬ | great project to the approval of the meeting, gratulatory message received from Mayor and fully Just ify the raising of even a greater Strong, of New York, he announced that the sum than that originally contemplated. venerable Frederick Fraley, whowas occupy¬ Other addresses were made by Colonel Wil¬ ing a prominent seat on the platform, had liam Bigler, afterwards Governor of this written a letter containing some of his per¬ Commonwealth; William A. Crabbe, Mr. sonal recollections of the origin of the Penn¬ Hill, of Montgomery, and Victor Piollet, of sylvania Railroad Company, which the Sec¬ Bradford county. retary of the company, John C. Sims, would “The resolutions were unanimously adopt¬ read. ed, the committee was continued, and, by Mr. Fraley referred to the policy of internal their untiring exertions, ail that was request¬ improvement adopted at the close of Presi¬ ed was successfully accomplished, so that in dent Madison’s administration, in 1817, to the February, 1847, Governor Shunk issued the construction of the Erie Canal, over which he letters patent, and the great company, of rode in July, 1S25, and to the general condi¬ which not only Pennsylvania, but the whole tion of the transportation problem in the Union, is justly proud, was placed on the United States at that time. Regarding the foundations on which I predicted it should founding of the Pennsylvania Railroad Com¬ rest, and which, as time progressed, would pany he said: be recognized as the Colossus of roads. ” “The agitation for a continuous railway Vice President Brooks. from Harrisburg to Pittsburg began to take President Roberts then said: “The largest definite shape at the convention of the 6th of portion of the mileage of this company is to March, 1838, at Harrisburg, at which 29 coun¬ be found west of Pittsburg, and there is no ties were represented. Robert T. Conrad, of one better fitted to speak for that part of i.he Philadelphia, presided, and the subject was corporation than Vice President .T. Twing thoroughly and ably discussed, with the re¬ i Brooks, ot the Pennsylvania Company.’’ sult that surveys were authorized to ascer¬ Mr. Brooks said: tain the feasibility of a continuous route “The employes of the Pennsylvania Rail¬ from Harrisburg to Pittsburg. HotberHage road Company feel gratified to know that, the made the surveys through the counties of work in which they are engaged is deemed to Franklin, Bedford, Somerset, Westmore¬ j be of such public interest as to draw together land and Allegheny. In the following year the magnificent assemblage that wc see this the Canal Commissioners appointed Charles afternoon. L. Schlatter to survey similar lines from ‘ ‘It is proper that at the end of its first half Harrisburg to Pittsburg. A meeting was century of existence the company should held on December 9, 1845, at Musical Fund render some account to the people of the Hall, Philadelphia, Thomas P. Cope pre¬ State of the trust that had been placed upon siding. it. The history of the growth and develop¬ “Here speeches were made by William M. ment of the railroad have been so well treated Meredith, Henry D. Gilpin, Isaac Hazle- by other speakers that I will omit reference hurst, John J. McCahen, James M. Sander¬ to it now, and merely call attention to a few son, of Philadelphia, and George Daisie, of of the principles that have regulated the Pittsburg. Committees were appointed to transportation service of the company. prepare an address on the subject to the peo¬ “Some of you think that the growth of the ple of the State and to petition the Legisla¬ railroad has been marvellous, but it has ture for an act of incorporation for a railroad hardly done more than keep pace with the between the points named. On the 13th of marvellous development of the country. The April, 1846, the act of incorporation was principles that lie at the base of transporta- i passed by the Legislature requiring that tion are simple. The products of A are $7,000,000 should be subscribed to the capital wauted at B, and the products of B are I stock and that 30 miles of railroad should be put under contract by the 1st of July, 1847. extent is to be found by multiplying that THE MEETING IN THE MUSEUM BUIEDING. statement of wants by seventy-five million, “Od the 27th of April, 1846, a public meet¬ for the number of the population of the coun- ing was held in the Chinese Museum build¬ J try. ing, -which was largely attended, and over “ The political and commercial elements which Thomas P. Cope presided, the Vice necessary for the enterprise were happily Presidents being John K. ICain, George N. blended at the time this company was estab¬ Baker, Robert, 'Poland, Isaac W. Norris, lished. The Revolutionary War swept away George W. Carpenter, David S. Brown and tho restrictions imposed by England upon Thomas Sparks. The Secretaries were the manufactures of the colonies, and from Henry Welsh, John S. Littell and Thomas that time the industrial energies of the people Tustin. Mr. Robert Toland, Chairman of haff full scope for development. The patri¬ the Committee of Twenty-six, appointed at otic spirit of the colonies in placing the the Musical Fund Hall meeting of Decem¬ Northwest Territory in the hands of the new ber 10, 1845, made a report recommending the Federal Government surrendered to the approval of the act of incorporation of the nation the control of the future development railway company and urging that our fellow oi the country, and the conditions of rapid citizens should take prompt and energetic growth were perfected by the discovery of measures to secure subscriptions to the capi¬ Iron and coal in Pennsylvania, of the iron tal stock, and that the city of Philadelphia, ores of Lake Superior, and by the develop¬ and of other municipal corporations of the ment of the agricultural industry. county of Philadelphia, should, by requisite GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP UNSATISFACTORY. ; legislation, make such subscriptions in addi¬ j “The growth of transportation facilities is tion to those derived from other sources as marked in our statute books by numbers of would secure a sufficient amount to insure laws relating to turnpikes, canals and rail¬ the granting of letters patent to the railroad roads, and in the early part of the century company. the legislation ou the subject was the more “Mr. David S. Brown offered a series of extended irom the tendency of the people in resolutions to carry the recommendations of those days to look to the Government to con- l the committee into effect, and made an ad¬ struct the means of communication and con- I dress explanatory of the resolutions. They veyance. were seconded by me in a speech embodying . ‘ ‘Thus the Erie Canal was built by the State DfNew \ ork, arid in this Commonwealth the presence—President George B. Roberts.” nrst railroads were undertaken by the Gov- Mr. Choate Speaks for New York. . ernment itself. But under the State the work “Tills celebration would not be com¬ Was slow, and the people of Pennsylvania plete,’’ said President Robert's, “if we lound the tracks of the New York Central did not have a representative from the pushing farther and farther West without any great. State of New York. While Pennsyl¬ equivalent development being made in this vania is the greatest manufacturing State of Commonwealth. The merchants of Phila¬ the Union, we cannot help but recognize that delphia made up their minds that something New ork is its great commercial centre must be done, and the meeting that was held something for the nation to be proud of It I in the old Chinese Museum building Decem¬ Is an empire within itself, and it is a’eitv ber 10, l&lo, marked the first definite step to- now approaching the first city in the work! yards the formation of . the corporation. and will surely outstrip all the other cities in | A memorial was drawn up and in¬ the world long before we reach the next half1 troduced into the State Legislature early century of our existence, if we reach that, in 1&4G. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad i r take pleasure in introducing Mr. Joseph H. were anxious for a charter for their line from ■ Choate, who will represent tor us the city of Philadelphia to Cumberland, and the two New York and its commerce.” projects were sufficiently in competition with “Fear not, my brethren and my sisters ” each other to cause a long and severe struggle. said Jlr. Choate. “lam only going to pro¬ I ha . fight was terminated, however, by the nounce the benediction. [Laughter.] You granting of a charter to the Pennsylvania will be glad to know that I am not a well-in¬ Railroad on April 18, 1846, while the Balti¬ formed man in railroad affairs. You will be more and Ohio received the charter for its pleased to learn that the address which I had line eight days later. prepared with great care for this occasion I “In the more recent years of the history of have delivered to the reporters, because every¬ the railroad there are many points that are thing in it had been abstracted by the pre¬ worthy of notice. The inclined planes that ceding speakers, among whom I have also were formerly used to surmount the Alle¬ divided the little time that was allotted to gheny Mountains have been done away with. me. [Laughter.] Ihe course of the railroad is also being im¬ ‘ ‘I asked President Roberts before we came proved year by year by straightening out the into the building to consult his timetable worst curves, and in other ways making the and tell me how long these exercises would [.ra°k more adapted to rapid locomotion. ast. ‘Well,’ he said, ‘we shall be all Although the first, object contemplated by tiirough, and under no circumstances will tlie company was the development of trans¬ the meeting be permitted to last more than portation facilities for the State, the com¬ two hours. (It had then lasted 2k; hours) pany soon grew beyond that, and extended “While we know that the Pennsylvania s racks to new markets and new centres of Railroad never runs behind time, the emerg¬ manufacture. Branch lines were constructed ency in which I am placed will compel me to .°rev.ery Point where the traffic promised sat¬ punish you for a few minutes, but I promise isfactory returns. you not to punish you as severely as the i IU ACQUISITION OF NEW LINES. Managers of this railroad did me the other An important feature of the growth of the company has been the acquisition of new The speaker then related his experience lines, and their consolidation with the old on the “Congressional Limited” from Wash¬ corporation. Acquisition and extension ington to New York, which, with two hot have gone on until the Pennsylvania Rail- boxesanda bnrsted cylinder head, got into oad now controls 177 companies. This figure Lew \ork four hours late. yftUle,7?r5ei' than that given by the Presi¬ ONE OF THE SPEAKER’ S EXCUSES. dent but i believe his estimate was made a “Another reason why I do not wish to coupie of days ago, and mine was figured speak to-night much further is thatlhavo out only this afternoon. consulted t he Mayor of Philadelphia as to the “Throughout its whole career it lias been /dinner hour here, and he gave mean hour the pohey of the company to proceed with which, to my metropolitan ways (shall I say) “ and 11 llas a'ways been careful to sounded fearfully early, and I have learned the safety of the employes. There in my profession never to speak to a hunerv hu\e been some stockholders who have been audience. [Laughter.] Shakespeare says: d s.ippnmteci that dividends were not earned more rapidly, but it has been another un- “ ‘A hungry jury soon the sentence sign cl angmg feature in the company’s policy to And dineet,CheS baug tbat Guinea may been f I T dlvldeuds Unless the profit had earned. One great, element in the “I do not want to trust the voracious ap- (bo that.has re warded the policy has been pet.te °t ail Philadelphia. I have not any the unswerving loyalty of the employes, who ! lacts to tell you; not a single statistic (if that- exists m the singular number), nor a.single h:fen,ifif,°Sw2ed that their interests were Identified with tiio.se of the corporation. * figure. I do not know but I have one figure and lor t.be lesson that is carried in it I "ive PresId^0mP™yTbaS been fortunate in its it. to you. Mr. Frank Thomson, who I be¬ Thumas a' «.0f.tJohn Edgar Thomson and lftomas A. Scott much might lie said. Each lieve, has something to do with the Pennsyl¬ h-in\u,'7y' W3S Particularly gifted, and con- vania Railroad [laughter], very liberally sent Lhe nii^p ^deafly to the continued success of me a lot ot these figures as the staple of m v speech. I am obliged, but I find that he had t 1 e, n,?nse; Tbc development that has K. ' ,1 ace since the present President as- given the same to all the six other gentle¬ men. [Laughter.] venons C°rfUr0!; in 1880’ bas also been mar- ' ft.wdl not be presumed that all the A SILVER DOLLAR COMPARISON. iv nnl d "Vs''I'a'ion have been performed ‘ ‘However, there is one that has not been omnlet^T’ ’ilt n° Oroanizatiou, however menlioncd. He said that if the silver in¬ it ’ f ou, d secure sucli good results un- vested m this enterprise were to be convened into silver dollars they would form a double reat .ihfmUn ei' ^he dil'ecfion of a man of who was devoted 1 ot those somewhat doubtful coins 8000 1 ies in length. [Laughter.] I confess that aracter w?' ,Jt bflS been a mau of this ul ic 1 ° has controlled its destinies for uie tr.ghtened me, for I thought my friend , nonisou was going in for free coinage—noth- —.; lent nt nnmuntil1 '-;it, T*has mynamed t0,lgU * •7 I r- !■ m ing less could supply such a procession of sil- j | tlon. And if they had been told that by and | ver dollars as that. I would have liked to i by, in the ordinary conduct of the affairs of know how many thousand miles of double ! | the Government they were founding, it would j gold eagles it would take to convert the prop- j | be necessary to issue orders from Washing- 'erty [applause], fori tell you, shareholders, ! : ton to move 100,0C0 troops in three days from ■with whom I am having Shis frank and con- ' the lakes to the defence of the beleaguered jlldentia! talk, that if ever your investment is capital, I fear that they even would have ) converted into anything less than the double trembled at the audacity of that great ex¬ gold eagle your certificates of stock will periment, shrivel like parched scrolls. [Applause.] “Franklin certainly knew all that was Mb5KKESS A PREVAILING TRAIT. worth knowing, all that steam, all that elec¬ , ‘ ‘I never felt so poor as I do at this ino- tricity had revealed up to that time was fa¬ [ ment. I never was before such a rich audi- miliar to him as household words; and if he ™ce !his. I can hardly believe it—$S43, - ever dreamed how God and nature were I 000,000, and all owned within the walls of this working for the great experiment that he ] Opera House. [Laughter.] I think that and his associates were then trying it was in ,■ meekness must be the prevailing trait of the note he wrote to his friend Leroy from ] character of the Pennsylvania shareholders. j Philadelphia: ‘There is no philosophical Blessed are the meek, for they shall Inherit— | news here, except that a little boat, without J the' earth. ’ [Great laughter.] I sails or oars, is stemming the current of our , ^ !t for granted, alter what I have river by the aid of steam; and possibly if the heard here to-night, that the Pennsylvania is machinery can be simplified, and the ex- the model railroad of the world; but I beg pense reduced, it may come to something jou to consider, ladies and gentlemen, the ! someday or other.’ [Applause.] nappy owners of these shares. What would THE OPENING OF THE ERIE CANAL. happen if every other corporation in . ^ .© cvzvy uiatuiivai. _L the laud, after fifty years of its exist¬ should hardly come here to-niglit as the rep¬ ence, could come before its stockholders resentative of New York if I did not say iace to face, and give as good an account of something about De Witt Clinton. You its stewardship as these gentlemen have done know when the Erie Canal was finished the to-day? What would there be left in the people of New York thought the world was I world? [Laughter], What would there be finished. There had been all these struggles leit in the world for those of our unfor¬ m the wilderness for locomotion. When t he tunates who are not stockholders in anv rail- people got beyond the Alleghenies no stu¬ , roaa? [Laughter], Why, all the gold and dent of American history is ignorant that all the silver, and all the iron, and all the there was no reasonable prospect of holding i copper that ever was dug from the bowels of them in as one nation with those on this side tlie earth, all the structures that ever have of the mountains. They set to work with I been erected on its surface, would not satisfy tlieir canals all over the country and built I j or furnish figures sufficient to meet the ac¬ do not know how many thousand miles of cumulated wealth of all the railroad com- canal, and expended a number of million 'panies if they were like the Pennsylvania. dollars, and they imagined the vain It is a great treat to anybody born north of i thing that that was the end of all- that here to come once in a great while to Penn¬ t^e lakes were wedded to the oceaa, and the sylvania. [Great laughter.] East to the West. It was on a da v in Octo- ANOTHER GREAT EVENT RECALLED. ber,18?,), that De Witt Clinton, then Governor “I was going to say something serious. I of Hew \ork, to whose energy and prescience think I will. I want to remind you of a great that great enterprise was mainly due, started e\ ent, that great era second only to the semi¬ out on a canal boat, the Seneca Chief, from centennial of the Pennsylvania Railroad Lake Erie, to make his way through the Company, when the great men of the land cana to Hew York. He was followed by a met here to lay the foundation of this Union number of other canai boats, one filled with and to form that Federal Constitution under wild birds and various wild animals, to in¬ m*1 they Proposed to secure the blessings dicate the triumph of man over nature As ol liberty for themselves and their children. he entered the waters of the canal How every loyal American has read the a volley ot artillery gave notice to picture of the closing day in that great Con¬ a distant battery, and that to another vention, when the immortal document was ' and so on down the banks of the canal to the completed, and Hamilton, with his own ocean, so that the word was sent by the best hand, had Inscribed the names of the 12 States telegraph time up to that day in 80 minutes upon its last page, and all the signers had He arrived in the harbor of New York at the affixed their signatures; Franklin,looking at end of nine days, and there poured into the the sun that was emblazoned on the back Atlantic a silver keg of the waters of Lake of the President’s chair, in which Washing¬ Erie, to symbolize the final accomplishment ton sat, said: ‘In the vicissitudes of these of the wedding of the lakes and the ocean debates I have always wondered [Applause.] whether it was a sotting for a | HITCHED HER WAGON TO A STAR. rising sun, but now I know that It is ‘ “You would not think I was doing justice the rising sun.’ But if Washington and to myself as a native New Englander unless I r ranklin, the wisest sages of those days, had quote Einersou. [Laughter.] I believe you been asked to explain how it was that they are a people of so much more leisure in Penn - expected that that Constitution they were sylvania [laughter], time hangs so heavily tram mg for a little community of 3,000,000 of on your hands, that there are several times as people, inhabiting about 100 miles of seacoast many that read Emerson here as there are in strip, representing 13 little and feeble States New York, so you will recognize the quota¬ should grow with the growth of the Union’ tion. He says: ‘The true might of a man in as the hide grows on an animal, so as to be any true form of action is to hitch his wagon sufficient, instead of for 13, for 45 States, to a star, and to see the gods do °his should hold together and govern chores without any labor of his own. ’ It with more than human wisdom is by making the elements ours that we the continent stretching 3000 miles from ocean become strong. Steam, electricity, magnet¬ to ocean, and 1400 miles from the lakes to the ism all do the service of man without’any gulf, even their sanguine hopes would have charge whatever. This is just exactly what hardly availed them jto answer that ques- happened, aud you will see the appositeness of that quotation when the Pennsylvania Railroad was started. Philadelphia hlTehea what intelligence, what integrity is de¬ her wagon to the star, and ever since that she manded of It. They say the course of poli- has been seeing the gods do her chores [Great laughter.] tics has driven away strong men from public | life. The supply is always equal to the de¬ ONE OR TWO THINGS MORE. mand. There are brave men enough In Con- “X see how tired some of you look. I al¬ j £ress to-day to do the talking there; but ways say one or two things more, so that you while they are talking, where are the men can go to your steaming dinner tables think¬ that are doing and going to make America ing, well, it was not so bad after all. what she is to be—the greatest nation on the “The great poet has said that ‘one touch face of the earth? [Applause.] Is it not of nature makes the whole world kin.’ It these men who are harnessing the elements is this very touch of steam and elec¬ and driving them in the service of man? Is tricity that, binds together in harmonious it not those who are ribbing this continent union not the people of this continent alone with ribs of iron and steel which shall hold but all the continents with which we daily) together the hearts of these 70,000,000 of peo¬ communicate. It is the great peacemaker ! ple until time shall be no more? Is it not and as long as they harmonize, sympa¬ these men that are entering into the bowels thetic communion last, so long peace at ot the earth and exhausting Its resources so home and abroad, the greatest necessity on as to make the United States what she must the face of the globe will last. [Applause.] be sooner or later—and I say sooner, and the A RETROSPECT AND THE PRESENT. sooner the better—absolutely independent of “Some of you are old enough to remember all the other nations? [Great applause.] how you lived in Philadelphia 50 years ago “So when you want to get ahead for one You heard from New York or Washington of these great machines, what do you do? I about once a day or day and a half. You You do not hunt them out among college ! heard from Europe once in three or four I graduates; you do not catch a bloated capi- i weeks, and from the Antipodes four or five tallst or make him all at once the master of times a year, and from our Western the science of transportation; you do not try ' confines beyond the Rocky Mountains | to catch a great lawyer, or great orator—only never. [Applause.] And now every now and then—[laughter] but you look fora family in the land comes down ; man that entered the service of the com- to the breakfast table and takes a bird’s- I Pu n>' as rodman in 1851 [great applause] eye view of the whole globe. They learn and worked his way up through every step and want to know what has been happening of the service from the bottom to the top; while they were sleeping, in London,in Ven¬ who learned all the details of the business, so j ezuela [laughter], in Japan, and if’the tid¬ that he could see how everything was done ings come that a little group of women have and that it was done right; who learned all I been massacred by the Turks, a thrill of the secrets of your business affairs, internal ! horror runs through the land. If thev learn and external, and then after 30 years you j | that the long-lost boundary of Venezuela make him your President, and you give your I! has been discovered, they collapse with de¬ absolute trust to him.” [Great applause.] light and joy. [Laughter.] If thev hear that At the conclusion of Mr. Choate’s re¬ our excellent President has gtven a little ex¬ marks Mr. Roberts thanked the speakers . tra twist to the tail of the British who had honored the occasion by their pres¬ lion-why, the roar of that amiable ence and their words of praise for the corpor- beast rouses them from their slumbers, and ation, and dismissed the audience. they cry with one voice, ‘What is the matter with Grover?’ [great laughter], and if they SAID TO BE THE FIRST ENGINEER. | hear an American Ambassador has spoken a [SPECIAL TO THE PUBLIC LEDGER.] j Tittle too lightly at banquet table, the won- Pittsburg, April 13.—The celebration of Ider goes, from the Bay of Eundy to the Gulf ihe 50th anniversary of the Pennsylvania of California what they had to eat and drink) Railroad has started discussion as to who that night. [Laughter.] was engineer on the first locomotive running there can be no war. into Pittsburg. “Dad” Ridley, the veteran _ “I am merely indicating in these concrete engineer, was thought by many to have been torms the abstract idea of that universal j the pioneer on the division from Pittsburg to j sympathy which prevails and makes this Altoona, but inquiry made this morning de¬ people one in feeling, one in purpose, one in veloped that Charles Cheney, 82 years old, j conducing to secure peace in all our bor-1 now of Hollidaysburg, was the man to run ders and with all foreign lands. [Ap- j the first train from Pittsburg to Brinlon. j plause.] Administrations, congresses,states¬ The occasion of the running of the first train j men, politicians may cry, ‘War! war!’ h to Brinton was made a galaone. Lawyer W. when there is and can be no war, and who- i A. Stokes, afterward a solicitor of the rail¬ ever, withoutjustcau.se, would disturb this road, delivered an oration, and a public i universal national and international liar- : , jubilee was held. The first engine was run ) mouy of mankind will be sure to receive in in the winter of 1852. the end what he ought to have had in the I beginning, the just condemnation of the! people. [Great applause. ] (t A WORD ABOUT PRESIDENT ROBERTS. I want to say a word. I do not want to i speak of the President, he has had altogether ; From QjrrjCl^y taffy enough. .[Laughter.] They told mel etore I came down to Philadelphia and made bis acquaintance that he was oue of the most modest men in Philadelphia. If that Is so, c mu.Ql he must have been very much shocked this j afternoon. I wanted to speak of this new, i brilliant, powerful, well-organized profes¬ sion that has grown up here in the last mty years to compete with the three I earned professions that have held sway for centuries in Christendom. What a noble piofesslon it is! What brains, what courage, )' projectors were men of prominence, and ! while Judge Asa Packer was the father ] of the operation of the road James M. [Porter, a prominent citizen of Easton, was the first president. Besides Mr. Porter there were other men of renown i who subscribed their names to the char- I j ter of the company. BRANCHING OUT. The Railroad Company’s An¬ For several years most of the work was confined to the operation of the road between the points set out in the niversary Will Fall on charter, but as the business increased and a larger field was opened to the Tuesday Next. company the first steps towards branch¬ ing out and making the road the sys¬ tem it now is was begun in 1862, when it subscribed to all the stock of and MANY LINES MERGED. practically built the Pejm Haven & White Haven Railroad, which extended from Penn Haven to White Haven, a . distance of about eight miles. This The Name at First Delaware, Lehigh & construction made a connecting link with the Beaver Meadow Railroad & Schuylkill, but Changed Later to Coal Company, which extended from the One It Now Bears—A De¬ Mauch Chunk to Audenreid, 24 miles. In 1864 the Beaver Meadow Railroad & tailed History. Coal Company was merged into the Le¬ high Valley , and. in 1866 the Lehigh & Mahanoy Railroad, extending from Black Creek Junction to Mt. Carmel, about The Lehigh Valley Railroad Company 100 miles, was merged into the Lehigh will celebrate its fiftieth anniversary on Valley system. April 21, but unlike the Pennsylvania The road now began to assume large Railroad no official notice of this golden proportions and it was . considered one [of the ideal lines of the State. Its earn¬ jubilee will be taken by the company. ing powers were great and its business This is another railroad of this State was constantly increasing, and in 1868 that has grown from a small beginning the Hazleton Railroad and the Lehigh & ito a position of importance and now has Luzerne Railroad Companies, which Ibranches extending east, west and north branched from Penn Haven to the Hazle¬ from the line which was originally laid ton and Black Creek coal fields, were mergqd. This gave the company quite out. The railroad company now has an extensive system of lines in the a direct line of its own from Jersfey City Lehigh coal field and made it one of to Buffalo, besides numerous extensions the big coal carriers at that time. into the anthracite coal fields. Recently Previous to 1865 the North Branch Canal the company has acquired several lines Company, which extended from Wilkes- in New VoKk State, v/hich gives it an Barre to the New York State line, along the Susquehanna River, a distance of outlet to Lake Ontario. Within a few 104 miles, was bought, and the Lehigh ! weeks the company is going to make Valley Railroad Company, on the prop¬ a number of radical changes in its train erty thus acquired, constructed the road service, which is thought will bring this which is now known as the Pennsylvania city and the cities of the western part & New York Canal and Railroad Com¬ pany. of New York into closer affiliation. LEASES A BANK. The charter for the construction of a In 1871 the Lehigh Valley Railroad railroad from Easton to Mahoning Creek leased the Morris Canal and Banking j near Mauch Chunk was granted by the Company. This company, at that time j Legislature April 21, 1846, to the Dela- doing not only a canal business, but a j ware, Lehigh & Schuylkill Railroad large banking one as well. The canal J Company. At this :ime it was the in¬ extended from Phillipsburg to Jersey City, a distance of about 101 miles. About tention of the projectors of the road one year afterward the construction to extend the line virtually into the of the Easton & Amboy Rail¬ Schuylkill coal region. The company road, from Phillipsburg to Perth Am¬ also had a right to build across the river boy, was commenced. The Lehigh Val¬ at Easton to Phillipsburg. For some ley Railroad Company at this time, as : reason the name seemed inappropriate well as now, owned considerable prop¬ and about 1850 it was changed to the erty at Perth Amboy, and had built Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, as the large1 wharves at that place. For some road was then principally in the Lehigh time this extension answered the pur¬ Valley. Although the charter was pose, but later the line was extended granted in 1846 the road was not opened from South Plainfield, on the Easton & until September, 1856. During this in¬ Amboy Division, to Jersey City*—where terval there were several stretches of the the company has a valuable water front. road built, but for some reason the road For a number of years the Lehigh remained unconstructed considerably Valley Railroad Company’s only method longer than it was the intention of the of reaching Buffalo was by a connection projectors. with the then New York, Lake Erie & The building of this road created con¬ (Western Railroad, now the Erie Rail¬ siderable discussion in and around Mauch road, at Sayre. It ran its own trains Chunk, Easton and Bethlehem. The lover this line bv virtue of a traffic '' ; . t . ___V ‘ agreement with the other company, but a few years ago It gave up Its agree¬ ment and began the operation of Its own It Is seldom that the political and civil hli line in the State of New York. From tory of any community can be read In tl the New York State line to Buffalo chronicles of Its charitable Institutions, an the road is called the Lehigh Valley yet such a history—a sort of echo and coi Railway Company. The company has roboration of the authorized version—may I also under lease the Lehigh & New York seen by those who wish in the battered pres Railroad Company, in New York, which clippings, the ancient personal document is the old Southern Central, ex¬ and the mellow and time-stained minutes < tending from the State line at Sayre, many organizations In Philadelphia for th through Owego to Fair Haven, on Lake relief and uplifting of ev Although the Objects for Which It Was France, by her National Assembly, virtually granted equal rights to free men without re¬ Founded Have Been Accomplished It, gard to color. After Nearly a Century and a Quarter of Thus It will be seen that it was nearly 100 Lite, Still Maintains its Existence. years after these first expressions of tiniver- * 1 sol disapproval that the system was finally Harrison seems to have been the most active °Ht e^,st6nce> and'then only bv J(orce and bloodshed, Americans of both worker of this triumvirate and was probably instrumental in the society’s y >(ortb and South Ashling against each other fot what each believed to be right. The his. The Revolutionary War interrupted theregu-' tojj of the protests and agitation, in public Hs'rff1 DgS °r thfc society, blit Thomas Har¬ rison is reported to have attended to cases !iann'i.,an. Prlva*e’ "'hich eventually culminated j in that grand tragedy, has never been writ- ! com ng under his notice even during thoZ stirring and anxious times. 0?e ten. It is almost completely absorbed into I the political differences which made up the I In 1/84, when peace was again restored the story of the country’s growth during the first society resumed its meetings and in’the century of its independence. 1 fourth month of that year Thomas Meredith was elected President, John Todd,Secretary and James Starr, Treasurer. Much svnV ,Ied n wasmanifested in the work then' car-' lied on and many new members were added to the organization. In 1787 a new coustltu lion was adopted and the name of the society was changed to that which it bears at the present time. Dr. Benjamin FrSn was made President; James Pemberton and Jon- I “V*“Pe,nrose, Vice Presidents; Dr Benia min Rush and Tench Coxe, Secretaries- James Starr, Treasurer, and William Lewis John D Coxe, Miers Fisher and William Rawle, Counsellors. w llUm „„Attb^t!me the list of members included some 240 names. An act of incorporation was obtained in 1789 and the societyThen Le fhe wS l0ng career of usefulness, nrft only for I but Bromot<°? of the abolition of slavery ’’ I but for appointing Committees of Inspection, ore'uaraiansTbrnrducatfoh and of employ to «'or improve the condition of free takenT’ 6 °f tbe flrst Important steps uiemorlaimemorial byi 6 Benjamin«C'ety "’ aSFranklin tbe signln in his®°f ca- a dressed T Prfideut’ This paper was ad- ressed by the society to Congress in 1790, mean? Jbttt leSislative body “to devise Tav? 5°r rernoviug the inconsistency of ,t er(y from tl:l0 American people” and “to the very verge of its power for dis- eve,,y species of traffic in the per- JAMES PEMBERTON. sons of our fellow men. ’1 (From an old Print.) ivT0Tamembers ol tbe society worked ardent- Par»!’ ,tbe“’ Yus p,ayed by the quiet es’fv TlfCeaS!!ng:!y for the rigbt they so earn- .friends, who banded themselves together in nIPZZespoused. Against many discourage- | as vigorous and brave a support of the cause the rndT-J a,b°re<1 on' giving their help to las that made by any soldier of the Union knowiou'ldua eases that came within their army, can never be estimated. Certain it is (his- 6r«®’ JOPing that, sooner or iater, by however that for 95 years their Abolition onurpec °tthe unit, the whole mass of Society struggled against fearful odds lo ful¬ benefit^ bumanl'y might be ultimately fill Its mission as set forth in its charter causfiT' T tbey defended the common “a™e- (JB^innlng with their own people, the stiinti g0°d and wise government, of con¬ first agitators of the movement in this eitv— fer hpfr?1 of human rights, of national t<-wit. Benjamin Bay, Ralph Sanford, John sri-Pd 1 5’ tl?ernselves often misjudged, cen- Woolman, Anthony Benezet and others mos* sned’ ostracised for their convictions. of them members of the Philadelphia Yearly hoo » e enthusiasts were crushed and dis- Meeting-brought about the abolition ofsiav- P^sednbd '" tVhe F"Z,tiv° «l'--e law was pppp i 5y wblch more rights than ever were Fr[endIs°1,g lnelnbera of the Society of ci-iffiT6*3 to the slaveholders, the escort of Later a co-operation was effected between tn I Was assured them, and the right to demand military assistance in every free these men and others equally interested in the work, by means of which illegal slavery wortbe last disappearing. break out the m’ovement had Jong left the The society was aided by counsellors whose hands of the representatives of any sect or names are familiar in the judicial annals of creed, and become one of national Import¬ this city—'William Rawle, Tench Coxe, Wil¬ ance. Thus the first object of the society liam Lewis, David Paul Brown, Joseph J. was realized, not by a friendly arbitration, as Lewis, George Earle and others. These men the religion of the “plain people” dictates, gave their best efforts toward the abolition but at the point of the bayonet. America is of slavery, and it is told of George Earle that now, in truth and in fact, “the land of the upon one occasion lie spent a whole night in free, ’ ’ and has been for more than 30 years. defending the case of a poor negro. Pass- So the society is perforce restricted to its more Williamson, who at the time of his second purpose, the improvement of t lie con¬ death was President of the society, and who dition of the African race, a purpose difficult was one of its most active supporters for of accomplishment, it is true, but which, many years, was himscif imprisoned for aid¬ as the years go on, becomes gradually an ing Jane Johnson to escape from her owner. easier task. As their beneficiaries, so bowed down by their former oppression and ill- treatment, have awakened to the fact that ' " - ■■ t-: ••!. BENJAMIN LAY. PASSMORE WILLIAMSON. (From an old Print.) Although this old Pennsylvania Society they are men and women in their own rights, was the first of its kind in this country, they begin slowly but surely to take their others were quickly formed, one in New places among their white brethren. The York, under the title of the Manumission degradation of centuries cannot, however, he Society, having for its President and Vice counteracted in thirty years, and it is in President John Jay and Alexander Hamil¬ teaching the negroes self-respect that much of ton. Other associations existed throughout the effort of the society is expended. The j the Eastern States, and even in the South, work is prosecuted steadily in spite of mis¬ in Virginia, Delaware, Maryland. Ken- conceptions and discouragements, and so it ! tricky, Georgia and North Carolina, they had will continue until t lie whole end of the early their supporters. Later, about 15W0, eman¬ organization will have been fulfilled. Its in¬ cipation papers were established in Baltimore come, never a very large one, is derived from and various other cities. These journals the annual dues of its members, which were devoted to the spread of interest in the amount to SI per capita annually'. The so¬ question then so much discussed. ciety also posseses some funds left in trust By this time the feeling ‘arising from these from time to time by various benevolent per¬ differences of opinion among the citizens of sons for the needs of the work. The field for the United States was reaching its height, this assistance is a large one, and the boun- and a climax was not far off. Bit by bit the 1 ties of the society are dispensed judiciously situation became a sectional one, and, in¬ wherever they will do the most good. stead of a handful of so-called fanatical Since the organization is a Pennsylvania Quakers opposing the sentiment of a nation, one, the schools and educational institutions it had come to be the slaveholders of tlie in this State receive the first attention. Dur¬ South rising up against the people of the ing the last five years some 20 colleges and North, who realized that. America could schools in the South have been helped by the never be a free country while it allowed officers of the society. In Philadelphia funds within its domain the injustice of human have been given to the Home for Destitute slavery. Colored Children, the Children’s Aid Society, The final rupture was but the sequel to the St. Mary Street Kindergarten. S. E. Y. M. many scattered efforts exerted in behalf of Christian Association (educational depart-( liberty during the years that had passed. ! ment), Home for Colored Cripples and in aid Prom the first local expression of a sentiment of the work of Mrs. F. E. W. Harper and among a little gathering of quiet Friends in Mrs. Fanny J. Coppln. this city a whole country was at last com¬ The society holds its meetings quarterly, pelled to take arms against itself, in order the last one having been held early in March. that its good name might stand unimpeached There was no special anniversary meeting among the nations. When tho Civil War did this year. The officers of the Society are: Wm. Stilt, President; Joseph M. Truman and Wra.Heu- cock, Secretaries, and Henry M. Laing, Treasurer. -« 11 The Building of the Road and Sta¬ £ From, ^1 ^ ^ tions at Harrisburg. 1....6$-. ■ For some time Col. William B. Wilson, superintendent of the Mantua transfer freight department of the Pennsylvania Date, V. /^:ry Railroad at Philadelphia, one of the most responsible positions in the working of that great road in this State, has been GIFTS OF RAKE PAPtRS. contributing a series of copyrighted arti¬ cles to the Pennsylvania Railroad Men’s The Collection of the Historical So- News on the “History of the Pennsyl¬ ciety Materially Enriched. vania Railroad Company, with plan of Valuable letters and papers were pre¬ organization, portraits of officials and sented^ the Historical Society ofPenm biographical sketches. Col. Wilson is es¬ sylvnma at the annual meeting held last pecially well qualified to write this his¬ ?onnm-r’ ln ^all 01" the society, No. tory of the greatest railroad company in ;fr^J;TUSi **”**• 111(1 letters were written by the wife of Benedict Arnold the world, and he has given to his work lo.n» treasured in the Walker an earnest, patient devotion that makes family of this city as precious heirlooms. it to him a labor of love. Particular^ Mrs Walker, widow of the late Louis Walker, m order that they might the has he made search for the local matters DeLer be preserved presented them to pertaining to the early history of the the society and they are now on exhibi¬ road, all of which are interesting and go tion. to make the complete whole. He is a In addition to this some papers of ! graceful, fluent writer, and knowing his Governor Thomas McKean, one of the signers of the Declaration of Indepen¬ ! subject well he is enabled to vest it with dence and once Governor and Chief Jus- a charm that holds the reader from be¬ tice of Pennsylvania, were added to ginning to end. In tha current number the collection by T. M. McKean, great- of the Pensylvania Railroad Men’s News grandson of this famous man. They rep¬ Col. Wilson speaks of the history of the resent an extended correspondence be¬ tween Governor McKean and John road from Lancaster to Harrisburg and Adams at a time in our country’s his¬ gives many local features of interest to tory fraught with happenings that have Harrisburgers. By kind permission of I long since become historic. the author the “Daily Telegraph” is en¬ Following the reception of these val- abled to reproduce the greater part of this j uable documents was the reading of sketch. It is as follows: a paper on “A Military Hospital in Pennsylvania During the Revolution” The next important corporation whose by John W. Jordan. property forms part of the Philadelphia The following officers for the year Division is the Harrisburg, Portsmouth, ! were elected: Charles J. Stille, presi¬ Mount Joy and Lancaster. dent; Craig Biddle and F. J. Deer, hon¬ By the provisions of an Act of Assembly orary vice presidents; Isaac Craig, of approved June 9, 1832, incorporating the Allegheny, Pa., and H. C. Lea, vice Portsmouth and Lancaster 'Railroad presidents. George B Keen, correspond¬ Company, twelve commissioners named ing secretary; Hampton L. Carson, re¬ from Philadelphia, ten from Dauphin and cording secretary, and J. E. Carpenter, six from Lancaster county, were author¬ treasurer. ized to receive subscriptions towards the capital stock of the company for the pur¬ pose of constructing and operating a rail¬ road from Portsmouth, the junction of the Union and Pennsylvania canals through Mount Joy to; Lancaster city. Many of the commissioners, not having From, the interests of the project at heart, doing nothing towards its advancement, it lan¬ guished and the fear that it would fail of accomplishment unless greater activity was displayed in its behalf spur¬ red its friends to action. On Friday, December 13th, 1833, del¬ Date egates from Middletown, Elizabeth¬ town and Mount .Joy met at the public house of John Maglauglin, at Elizabeth¬ town, for the purpose of reviving public interest and soliciting subscriptions to in¬ i >\a »* * * t ~T~ sure the building of the railroad under the provisions of the Act of incorporation. Simon Cameron, keen, alert and able, was the moving spirit; .Tames Buchanan, PA, A, A. abreast of the times in public improve¬ ments, was the clear-headed advisor. After the consideration of a most elabor- ' AN INTERESTING NARRATIVE) ate report, which, went into the:details of Canal and of the fertile regions _ cost of construction and the value of the by the Susquehanna. No town in Pi_ railroad to the ‘Port” a resolution wal sylvania, no inland town in the United passed, asking the commissioners to re¬ States possesses greater facilities than open the subscription books on the first Lancaster for becoming a flourishing Saturday in January, 1834, at Lancaster manufacturing place.” Mount Joy, Elizabethtown, Middletown Little did Lancaster people think at and Harrisburg, and appointed Okey that time that the link they were advo¬ cating would, within a third of-a century, THE FIRST PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD STATION IN HARRISBURG. Hendrickson, John Gamber, John Blat- tenberger, Daniel Ivendig. E. S. Kendig, George Wisler, sr., John Latshaw, James' Cameron, W. D. Slaymaker, Philip Al¬ and the lands beyond't g countrU bert, sr.. George Redsecker, jr., Adams Campbell, Andrew Wade, James Laird, Gen. Simon Cameron. S. J. Patterson, Christian Hershey and Dr. Simon Mere¬ on Jnnf 3d lfS"Wre ""”“"1 dith a committee to assist the commis¬ sioners in procuring subscribers. company and tn />oii « i- 8,11 nS the It was at that meeting that Simon Cameron, always an optimist, enthusias¬ tically told liis hearers that upon the com¬ Mount*' Jov h°Tt Hkey H^riekson; pletion of the Lancaster road, a person Buchanan, Thomas K Frankli^WiS would be able to take his breakfast' in Harrisburg, supper in Philadelphia,''and Kernlig Wimoh ^“Pbell, Martin be back in Harrisburg and have a good nap before breakfast the next morning. His friend, Adams Campbell, called him to one side and chided him for his exag¬ geration, saying in effect that people were beginning to doubt his word, and if he repeated such statements as that one, they would not believe him at all. The citizens of Lancaster city were greatly exercised about the canal system of the State, rather exaggerated its im¬ a termmal of the road, !nd the cofse- portance to- their prosperity and were act whtoh SJhat the Le^isIature by an very desirous of connecting their town ,m- V nas approved March 11th with it by railroad. Under the impulse of the above meeting, they organized for the B purpose of subscribing to and furthering vx; i the construction of the railroad as a fSSSfiii SSSiss & means to the end. At one of the town farmers were bitterly opposed S' ThZ meetings held in February, 1834, a com¬ nhin’ Wv-S % case on the Thiladel- mittee previously appointed to give ex¬ phia & Columbia Road, town and town pression to the feelings and wishes of the ship meetings were held, the town nec^to community, and to set forth reasons why being generally enthusiastic tor, while Lancaster should assist the line, among the.township people were very decidedly other things said: “Nearly cut off, as Lancaster has been, from all the natural channels of trade, her business has de¬ ind lv August *!:*!■«« clined, and many of her citizens' have "etu-eeu pSSjuJ® 'Jg been compelled to seek distant and more eligible fields for the employment of their enterprise. Thisi may be, in some meas¬ ure, a humiliating admission, but it is required by candor, and is of unquestion¬ able truth. The completion of this road will not only bring to: Lancaster the SS3Tand Mulberry “““feis. streets, Harris bare hj S3»,i abundant products of-The surrounding was a small, open-sided foS- whel'l car country, but it is believed and may be tfiPle rtiach bodies on wheels’ confidently said that it will open to her It was the first of many others cvf th* the whole trade of the Pennsylvania same kind built for William Colder, sr., I | & Go., and offer' transporters. It was mally opened in June, 1851. grren a trial over the new laid tracks, and carried some distinguished passen¬ gers. There being no ballast between I The western terminus of the road was the rails, a towing line was attached to Tmade Tat Market. , streetoiieeL fire foi Sthe,u 'rGapr.fireman grade;Jt0 haveand alsoin a whengood .von come to Downingtown, you will in- struc-t your fireman to have a good fire v :..>. P0'f(>d ”’<’rtftgrnyie . thirteen miles to raoli After these instructions he de-. hvered a discourse upon the value and Hiiportanee of “making time,” and wound’ up by saying to the men, who wer rather small of stature, “Now, two littl engineers, with two little engines, sec that you make time. REV. THEODORE E. SCHMAUK. President. The proceedings were opened with prayer by the Rev. Theodore E. Schmauk, of Leba¬ non, and then the visitors were cordially Welcomed to the city by Dr. Charles J. StillS, ' president of the Historical Society, who ’ • i '■ Spoke with appreciation of the part taken by “ennsylvania Germans in building up the In responding to the address ot welcome, Judges. W. Penny packer said: ‘As a member of the Pennsylvania-Ger¬ man Society it gives me great pleasure to re¬ spond to the kindly greeting of Dr. Stillg. It has not been upon every occasion and not under all circumstances that a Pennsylvania ‘Dutchman’ has been regarded as a person Worthy of praise or honor. Only a few years ago one of our most celebrated divines, in a From,. work on the history of the Protestant Epis¬ copal Church, referred to him as an ignorant heathen, and similar epithets might be quoted from other writers. uilLa../M What Pennsylvania “ Dutchmen” Have Done. ‘ ‘For my part I believe that if the influence of the Pennsylvania ‘Dutchmen’ could Babe(Jcl_-./h. have been eliminated from the history of this city it would have been nothing more than any other modern American town, like Bal¬ timore or Chicago. Many things may be •aid of the acfiiev’ehientsoTThose of German birth. The fact that the Constitution of the pared bj” competent hands, laying unaer United States was framed in Philadelphia contribution new and original sources of In¬ was due tp the earnest, efforts ot the people formation, Rnd carried forward in -the true of Pennsylvania, and the first of those efforts historic spirit, will eventually give us a col- ■was the presentation to the Assembly of a ■lectlve body of history concerning our Ger¬ petition on the subject from the residents of man ancestors that will not only be a reve¬ Germantown. lation to ourselves, but a surprise also to the ‘ ‘Pennsylvania was the home of the United Puritan and Cavalier, and place the German States for the first ten years of its existence, colonist and his descendant on a pedestal and during all the national wars the finan¬ where the world shall see and do them cial headquarters have been in the city of honor.” Philadelphia. Our State has a great univer¬ The Secretary’s Report. sity which owes much of its present success The report of the Secretary, H. M. M to its former Provost, Dr. William Pepper, of Richards, of Reading, stated that the name German ancestry. In this city there is the Dr. Ciiarles J. Stille has been added to the greatest shipyard in the country, founded by list of honorary members. It also mentioned the Cramps, with similar liueage. There are that thirty-nine new members have been ad¬ many other names that have achieved dis¬ mitted during the year; thirteen applications tinction in this Commonwealth—those of are now pending; six members have been re¬ Rittenhouse, Wistar and many more; but moved by death, and twenty-two have been time will not permit me to even enumerate stricken from the rolls as delinquents. There the names of those coming of this race that are now 278 in membership. has often been regarded so lightly. ’ ’ Treasurer Julius F. Snchse reported that the receipts of the society for the vear The President’s Address. amounted to 8576.65, and that there Is a bal¬ President Diffenderffer, in the annual ad¬ ance in the treasury of $676.93. dress to the society, said in part: ‘‘The past year has been one of unusual in¬ Election of Officers. terest for our society. Not only has the The election ot officers for the ensuing yea.r usual business been transacted pleasantly resulted in the appointment of the following and successfully, but in some respects to fill vacancies occurring at this time: Presi¬ dent, the Rev. Theodore E. Schmauk, of ■ Rebanon; Vice Presidents, ex-Governor J Addams Beaver, of Bellelonte, and the Rev.' Dr. M. H. Richards, of Allentown- Treas'- urer. Julius F. Sachse, Philadelphia. Vacan¬ cies on the Executive Committee: Lee L. Grumbiue, Lebanon; FrankR. Diffenderffer Lancaster; the Rev. Dr. F. J. F. Schantz’ Myerstown, and Daniel Wunderlich Read’ M. D., Philadelphia. At the afternoon session William U. Hen- scl, ex-Attorney General of the State, invited jt.be society to hold its next annual meeting in Lancaster. He said the Lancaster Histor¬ ical Society would be glad to make the neces¬ sary arrangements. The invitation was tcknowlodged by the President, and in ac- j cordance witn me custom or the society It | was referred to the Executive Committee. Julius F. Saclise’s Address. Julius Friedrich Sachse read a paper, en¬ titled 'The Fatherland, ” giving particulars of early German discovery and settlement In the Western hemisphere. He said in sub- ! stauce: ‘ ‘It has been repeatedly stated that Ger¬ many, of all the nations of Europe, is the only one which has taken no active part in the discovery orearly settlement of the West¬ DIFFENDERFFER. ern world. The- injusticej of thisa O Ostatement hi* UlCIll/ rreater progress has been made than ever be¬ nas long been felt by such historical students fore, The report of our secretary will show a and investigators at home and abroad as healthy increase in our membership. As our boast of German ancestry, and at length an aims and purposes become more widely ap¬ effort has been made to throw light on the preciated, many of the best known men in subject. With this object in view, the Penn¬ sylvania-German Society, which is com¬ the Commonwealth have availed themselves of the privilege of enrolling under our ban¬ posed of men born in Pennsylvania, of Ger¬ ner. pur healthy and rapid increase in mem¬ man descent, has decreed the compilation of a new and critical history of the Common¬ bership is in itself the best possible argument wealth. The preparation of this work will for the existence of our society. It is evi¬ be divided, and each division or section will dence that the time had come for its or¬ be contributed to by a member who has made ganization. It was needed. There was a some particular epoch in our history a work for it to do, and I believe we are doing special subject for 3tudy. it. ‘‘In carrying out this laudable project the “I regard as a matter of special signifi¬ , writer has been requested to contribute a cance and congratulation, the plan which 1 paper which is to form the introductory has been adopted by the Executive Com¬ chapter to the work. The theme given me is mittee, after the most earnest deliberation, ‘The Fatherland, ’ showing the part it bore for the preparation of a series of consecu¬ in the discovery and colonization of Ame¬ tive papers, covering the entire Teutonic rica, immigration to this country, from the dis¬ Europe in the Fifteenth Century. covery of the continent until the present “Now, to comply with this task, I propose hour. Such a series of monographs, if pre- to go back to the pre-Columbian period, and .srar briefly trace the political, social and religious gations of the traveller Humboldt, who changes from the troubled days of the Fff- showed that the name Amerigo was the teenth Century to the time when German Italian form of the German Amairich, or emigration was turned towards Pennsyl¬ vania. J Amelrich, a common appellation in Western Europe. The first map on which the name 1 ‘ ‘In the middle of the Fifteenth Century an America appears was made by Johannes hlifooourr®'4 that had » very Important Schoener, at Nuremberg, in 1520. u? g ?a the future of Europe and also of ' * The discoveries of Columbus were of little the Western world. This was the capture of value to the Spaniards, for the islands of the Constantinople by the Turks, In 1453 Its re- West Indies proved to be in a primeval state, ' r"LWeTre twofo,(I- Firstly, it caused the requiring exploration, settlement and devel¬ Greek refugees to spread all over Europe opment. The discoveries of the Portuguese (! carrying their books with them and thereby navigators, on the other hand, of a route : promoting the revival of learning. Sec- round the south of Africa to the Orient, at ondly, it closed the Levant to the trade of once opened up a lucrative commerce, which Lurope and caused the nations to look for enriched not only the people of Portugal, another route to India. The Genoese had but also many German merchants who h therto carried on the trade In the Levant, owned vessels engaged in the trade. The ac¬ vlL?fter the, co“ln£ of the Turks the i tivity of German enterprise at this date was Venetians made a friendly alliance with the also shown by the establishment of a factory buitan of Egypt, aDd henceforward, with their at Seville and a German trading post on the allies in the German Hanseatic League, they island of San Domingo. enjoyed the greater part of the commerce in the Eastern Mediterranean. “A nother event having an important influ¬ ence on the connection between Germany 1 j;?.hV°r,tUne8 amassed by the Venetians and the Western Continent was the union of j in this trade naturally excited the envy and the Spanish and German crowns under ! jealousy of other maritime nations, and the Charles V in 1516. It occurred at a time when i fabulous riches of the Indies formed the chief Spain was in financial difficulties, in conse¬ dream of the various rulers of the countries bordering upon the seas. This feeling was quence of the unremunerative colonization ventures in the West Indies, and the union heightened by.the glowing acoounts of Cathay with Germany gave the Emperor an oppor¬ ?nd tho tsland of Zipango (Japan) related by Marco Polo, the famous traveller. tunity of gaining relief from his embarrass¬ REV. DR. F. J. F. SCHANT2. ments by borrowing money from the pow¬ erful merchants of the Hanseatic League. 'Tiie.Tjevant beln= closed to the rest of the German Possessions in South America. world, the navigators of that day endeavored “Among those applied to were the patri¬ to find some way by water to India and the cian families of Welser and Fugger, at Augs¬ East, and to their efforts, with this obiect burg. Large loans were negotiated, and were due both the discovery of the route among the securities given were considerable around the Cape of Good Hope and the event- portions of Spain’s possessions in South tui voyage of Columbus to seek the Indies by America. The northern part of that conti¬ travelling westward across the Atlantic nent fell to the Welser family, and was known Ocean. In this connection It is curious to as Welserland, which is the region now occu¬ note the fact that both Columbus and Ves¬ pied by the Republic of Venezuela. It is sup¬ pucci died without knowing that they had posed by many scholars that the very name discovered a new hemisphere. J Venezuela is a Spanish corruption of the Named After a German. 11 original name of Welserland.” “The name of America was first given to Mr. Sachse then proceeded to give an ac- the western continent by a German geog¬ ' count of the leading expeditions for the ex¬ rapher, Martin Waldseemueller (Latinized ploration of South America which were sent as Hylacomus). It occurs first in a little out under the auspices of the Welser family, treatise printed at the college press of St. recounting the achievements of Heinrich Lie, in 1507. The true derivation of the Ebinger, Ambrose Dalflnger, Nicolaus Fed- name was not established until the investi¬ | erman, George Hoheniuth von Spier and the Frankish knight Philip von Hulten. The put an end to this exodus. England re¬ Germans maintained their title and domi¬ i fused to lend further assistance, and procla¬ nating influence, he said, until 1555, when mations to that effect were scattered through¬ they were deprived of their rights by the Spanish crown. out Germany. Holland placed vessels on the rivers to turn back those who still ven¬ Mention was also made of tho grant by tured to come, while the Elector Palatine Charles V of the land lying between the forbade further emigration by his subjects. southern boundary of Peru and the Straits of Nothing, however, could stay the tide until Magellan, now known as the Republic r/, Chile, to AfffOiraiHl-Hieronymus rugger, or, It had run its course. Augsburg, the speaker referring to the ree- j Object of Their Coming. ords of this matter, which have lately beon “The object of these people was to reach’ discovered in the Indian archives of Seville the English colonies In the New World, espe¬ and published by Sefior J. T. Medina. cially the Province of Penn. The founder of Religious Persecution in Germany. Pennsylvania had made two visits to Ger- “The finding of gold in South America in many prior to this time, and had made a 1534,” Mr. Sachse continued, “relieved most favorable Impression ou the German Charles V, to a large extent, from his obliga¬ people. ‘ ‘For half a century the Palatinate tions to the powerful German merchants. had been the battle ground of Europe. War¬ As soon as he became more independent of ring armies trampled its fields and tbem his attitude towards the German peo- destroyed or took its harvests. Re-, _ple changed, and he wras ready to assist the ligious persecutions had also sent fire and movement for the suppression of religious fagot into a thousand homes. Then came the liberty and the extinction of Protestantism. cold winter of 1708, which froze wine in the j In this action the Emperor was opposed by tho casks and killed almost every wine and fruit Schmalkaldic League, formed of Protestant tree. Their cup oi misery was full and over¬ princes, and the Two Years’ War followed, flowing. What wonder, therefore, that they which ended disastrously for the Protesants. listened to the tales of a land flowing with The so-called Thirty Years’ War, which milk and honey, where all creeds were toler¬ devastated Germany between the years 1018 ated, and where universal freedom prevailed. and 1G48, was fought on the same lines, and The Stay in England. led many thousands of Protestants to seek ‘ ‘Now that they had been brought to Lon- • refuge in other lands.” don, they had also to be provided for. A The speaker then.gave a full account of the thousand tents were given and erected out-j visits of William Penn to Germany, and of side the city. Some were lodged in barns, j his efforts to bring about a German settle¬ others in huge warehouses and others where- ment of Pennsylvania. The work of Furly' ever accommodations oould be found. Their in the same direction was also mentioned, ; maintenance was another difficulty. They I and the formation of the Frankford and Cre- i were almost without exception in dire need. feldt Compan ies was described. Queen Anne at once began to make them a Mr. Sachse concluded his address by enum¬ daily allowance, but as their numbers grew erating tfbe many books, pamplets and tracts this was found to be a most serious burden issued by Penn, Furly, Pastorius, Seelig, and at length, upon solicitation of the Mag¬ Falckner and others, which were largely cir¬ istrates of Middlesex, a brief was issued au¬ culated in Germany to induce emigration to thorizing public subscriptions to be collected Pennsylvania. throughout every county in the United President DifTenderffer’s Paper. Kingdom. By this means the large sum of President Diffenderffer’s contribution to £19,838 was collected for their subsistence. the new history of Pennsylvania was also “But these were only temporary measures. read. It was entitled “The German Exodus The Palatines did not contemplate a resi¬ to England in 1709. ” In part It was as fol¬ dence in England, nor did the Government wish them to remain. The question as to lows : “The task to which I address myself to¬ their permanent settlement therefore became day is not to rehearse the story of the Ger¬ urgent. The Board of Trade, to whom the man immigration and settlement in this and general supervision of the subject was left, some other States. Out of the many inter¬ held almost daily meetings, and many esting phases of that remarkable event, I plans were brought forward and considered. have chosen a single episode, of wnich Sending Them Away. writers of our history have taken small ac¬ • ‘The Germans themselves grew tired of this count, but which is nevertheless of surpass¬ long waiting. Some began to enlist in the ing interest to us, the descendants of Penn¬ English army and were sent to the British sylvania Germans. forces in Portugal. Two Carolina land spec¬ “During the months of May and June, in ulators agreed to settle 650 on their lands; the year 1709, the citizens of London were as¬ this was done, the Queen allowing them a I tonished to find the streets of that metrop¬ handsome bonus for so doing. A colony was 1 olis swarming with men and women of an established near Limerick, in Ireland, and • alien race, speaking an unknown tongue and 3800 souls were sent there. This was the j bearing indications of poverty and want. It largest as well as most successful colony J soon became known that 6000 of these, stran¬ founded. Many of them were linen weavers, I gers were sheltered in tents near the city. and this was the foundation ofthegreat linen I Additions were made to their numbers almost industry in Ireland. daily, until by October between 13,000 and ‘ ‘A very large number, said to be fully one- I 14,000 had come. Then this massenausuian-} tenth of the whole, died before they could I derung came to a close. be sent out of the country. Another tenth was I “It was found these people were Germans; sent back to Germany at the expense of the from the Palatinate, Swabia and Wurtem-i English Queen. The last large body to be burg. They had come down the Rbiue to sent away was the well-known one that Rotterdam, living upon charity as they wont’ went to the Slate of New York, under plans along, and were thence transported to Eng¬ submitted by Colonel Hunter, who had been land at the expense of the English Govern¬ recently appointed Governor of that prov¬ ment. Fora time the latter country pro¬ ince. In March, 1710. 3200 of them were vided for all that came, but as they continued loaded on ten small ships and sailed for tho to arrive, the Government of England, as, New World. They arrived at intervals, be¬ well as the States of HoBand, attempted to| tween June 14 and July 24. Of these 470 per¬ ished on shipboard. A portion of tbose land- g* FrOTYb,t*c F z. | Dale,ynf/’/'/ ;■ I il.Hanold.H.M.Richards,Reading; j GermanSocietypresentattheannualgath¬ | toPennsylvania. | lnginNewYorkultimatelyfoundtheirway j N.Urner,Parkerford:J.B.Miller,Brendill; j FranklinN.Dundore,Philadelphia;Isaac ; sylvanla,intheroomsofthatbody.Thir¬ W. Nead,Philadelphia;F.Hanold,H. Allentown; FredPershing,Philadelphia;E. F. W.S.Parthemore,Harrisburg;Dr.D. ering were: largely attended. teenth andLocuststreets.Itwasvery a receptionbytheHistoricalSocietyofPenn- garten, Philadelphia;M.AlbertRhoads, j (WrittenforTheNorth American.) ^w John A.Decker,Philadelphia;AbramS. Paul deSchweinitz,Nazareth;J.S.Rosen- H. Rauch,MauchChunk;S.Bornemann, I publishedrespectingthenavy oftheUnit¬ Harrisburg; S.M.Sener,Lancaster;B.F. Schropp, Bethlehem;D.M.Gilbert,D.D., Strouse, Lebanon;M.O.Rath,Ailentown; M. D.,Reading;A.FrankSeltzer,B.Morris Harrisburg; Dr.W.Bower,SpringCity;C. Buehrle,Lancaster; W.A.Kelker,Harrisburg; Trexler, Allentown;Dr.G.B.Dunmire,B.K. Henry T.Spangler,Philadelphia;HarryC. Thos. C.Porter.Easton;E.A.Weaver, Chester; JamesMonaghan,Westchester;Dr. Mechlijig. Philadelphia;GilbertCope,West Dr. GeorgeT.Ettinger,MuhlenbergCollege, Shenk, Lebanon;Rev.F.Wishan,Phila¬ F. H.Brunner,Bethlehem;DanielP.,Brun¬ George B.Ivulp,Wilkesbarre;M.C.Eby, Professor J.RichardsMerkle,Allentown; ington; AlfredP.Smith,Philadelphia; ner, Germantown;JohnMiley,Lebanon;C. Fi Hill,Hazleton;J.M.Shindle,Lebanon; . pamphlets,etc., havebeengiventothe [ Henry E.Slaymaker,Lancaster;M.R. delphia: Theo.E.Schmauk,Lebanon; Philadelphia;*W. H.Mechling,Philadelphia; burg. Wetzel, Scranton;D.C.Maurer,Harris¬ anon; W.L.Gorgas,Harrisburg;PaulR. D. .Lebanon;Rev.M.Shedeigh,FortWash¬ Minnich, Philadelphia;J.!P.Heilman.M. Alfred Smith,Philadelphia;JohnF.Unger, Some InterestingFactsAbouttbeShips Philadelphia; GeneralJ.P.S.Gobin.Leb¬ time newdiscoveries inthewayofletters, I ed Statesasitexistedatthe timeofthe American Revolution, butfromtimeto Among themembersofPennsylvania- In theeveningmembersweretendered William U.Hensel,Lancaster;B.M.Nead, Not verymuchinformation hasbeen Built UnderLegislationby the Conti¬ THE (MERICSN!WYIN1776. nental CongresstoOpposethe British Power UpontheSea. Reception bytheHistoricalSociety. .jSl ( andCongressonDecemberIS,1775,passed[ j ContinentalCongresshasbeeninthepos-| [public. Thefollowingletteriromure” . dertakenthebuildingofafrigatewar | EyresincethedaysofRevolution, session ofthedescendantsColonelJehuI and clearlyportraystheintensepatriotic tinental CongressweretheAndreaDoria. feeling oftheheroesthatimportant ' sontoactasLumber Commissioners, era inAmericanhistory. the followingresolution:“Thatfiveships cruisers. Theydidnotamounttomuch. Cabot, AlfredandColumbus,butthese mounted withgunsandsenttoseaasi were merelymerchantvesselshastily in MassachusettsBaytwo,Connecti¬ March next,viz.,inNewHampshireone, guns, makinginthewhole13,canbefit¬ York two,inPennsylvaniafour,and ted fortheseaprobablybylastof of 32guns,five28three24 Washington, Effingham,Randolph,Dela¬ two completesuitsofsalilsforeachship, $66,666 2-3eachonanaverage,allowing Maryland oneThatthecostofthese cut one,inRhodeIslandtwo,New gress. Providence,Trumbull,Virginia, ware. Hancock,Raleigh,Warren.Con¬ equal inthewholeto$866,6662-3.” ships sofittedwillnotbemorethan government. TheyweretheWashington. vessels belongingtotheUnitedStates constructing fourofthese,thefirstwar Boston andMontgomery. 32 guns;Randolph,Effingham,28 the threebrothersManuel,JehuandBen¬ the mostimportantandlargestshipyard guns, andDelaware,24guns. Delaware, betweenHanoverandPalmer jamin GeorgeByre.Theshipyardwas in KensingtonThis,yardwasownedby 1776, issuedthefollowinginstructionsand streets. Thebrothershavingagreedto Perm TreatyParkissituated,onthe convientiy locatedinthesquarewhere tlemen: Asyouhavemostcheerfullyun- this vessel. built oneofthesefrigates,theNaval Committee ofCongressonJanuary9, for theserviceof,UnitedColonies,we Manuel, JehuandBenjaminEyre—Gen¬ exhortations relativetothebuildingof build arefixedandadraftmade.We continuance ofit. be toowarminourexhortationsforthe cannot toomuchcommendyourzealnor possible tobothandproduceascomplete doubt notyouwillconformasstrictly and goodashipasthosedimensions and oneinMaryland.Thisporthasdou¬ and, oneinConnecticut,twoNewYork this port,oneinNewHampshire,two that draftwilladmitof. than theirneighbors. have greaterabilitiesintheirprofession we hopewillproveonthisoccasion_to carpenters, whoaremorenumerous,and ble thenumberofanyothercolony, in MassachusettsBay,twoRhodeIsl¬ doubt notyouwillcompleteyourbusiness which wasclaimedasduetoourship Grice, SamuelPenroseand David Thomp- powered Mess.WilliamPollard. Francis der authorityofCongress forhaving so wellandsoon,thatthepublicvoice of thisprovinceatisstake,hutwe all Timber,Planks,&c., necessary for these shipsbuiltandfitted, wehaveem¬ will declareinyourfavor. completing theseships. with powerstobuyandtake chargeof you mustapply tothemforallTimber. plyed totheuse ofeachship.Therefore, Ig boughtand anaccountofwhatisap- The firstvesselsemployedbytheCon¬ Planks andTreenails wantedforyour These 13vesselswerenamedasfollows: To Philadelphiabelongsthehonorof One ofthesefourfrigateswasbuiltat Philadelphia, January.9.1776.—ToMess. The dimensionsoftheshipyouareto You knowtherearefourtobebuiltm Gentlemen, yourHonor,andtheHonor As weareappointedCommissionersun¬ They willkeepanaccount ofallthat 127 .1 ship, and they will supply the same as fast as wanted. abhv^i? En =t6+i°f Jennsylvania, and proa- We have appointed Mess. James Craig, bu It bvThf a16 f?rst resular war vessel James Martin. Nath’l Falconer and Wil¬ On 1T„l v V 16^Ca?,s ln the Revolution, liam Davis, and when anything is wanted i 6’ ,1<7a' the Council of Safetv of I Pennsylvania passed a resolution ap- by you that falls within their department they will supply it on application. he'b.th'g’a committed consisting of Robert | Jfij’tf. and Owen Biddle, for the con- Mess. Benjamin Fuller, Thomas Fitz- sim-mns, Isaac Hazelhurst and Clement II aeredefencence orof°th«°ri the Delaware.tSi and “Chines The committee for the Biddle are appointed Commissioners of accounts, and the accounts that relate to wS!endMd the employment of John those ships are to undergo their in¬ jacoojl^r MillPrMiller,nUe JosephT EyIe andGavett, his brothers,Thomas spection and correction. Mr. Peter Young is appointed Superintendent, and Mr ' and Ar°seph Marsh in their con- James Dundas, clerk of your ship-yard. te^dirYr.YpHF«Ur later this commit- 1 E?re and his brothers will form a muster roll of all per- to ouud a boat, according to a model pro¬ tmployed to work on or about your duced by them. The klel of the veWd and keep a regular account of the hey do work. They will procure , or?” tvfpd 10’ 1775’ and launched1 26th, of the same month— rers when Needful. They will pro¬ Dk Yp Sthpe The Best and qI p t Secure Competen ^ /v Ad in THE pres/ PAYS TO USE p» m ~ 'At' VOiT~XXXIX he Weatfc for ;ro-Day:-Easter Y^rlt-Threateniffg weather; / heavy snow in southern portio casteriy winds; severe gale! Eastern Pennsylvania, New ?^KW^re~Rafn or snow; north probably shifting to north wes, wintfm eaw 6r by Wednesdav Weather™ hr- ,®W York—Partlv winds and hlSh nor, ^Vestern Pennsylvania—Fair eirlvhm^? 111 ei3tern portion wLthe? r?; "°!ther|y winds . ”er Corjditions:—1The c w h 'I?, In New England, ; near th» south6rn portion Sfu .th coast Snow or rain .• 1 e Middle Atlantic Sta nZtLbV Clearlng weather in VaIleys - For Local and Other Details of Yes - Weather See Page 3. latest news in b For ‘‘Press” Brancii Offices Si _ i^^Tiv^ffoct to right' anil claims York .... reslInK on any .other ground whatever Firemen'* Ii, otlatlon. valid according Jo International law, nnd apprecia to adjust by diplomatic Hi ori any prii.lpl-'s of International latv. The Senate eommrttceJfi which the nrblttalora may deem to ho Pf LEGISLATORS applicable to the cnae, and which aro as yesterday. Th I j affects the feoured for Both the -Vurk ^nnr-.i Company, Plri.barg. • not In conlrav&il/. n of the foregoing Firemen's Fund Insurance CompJoy. jolther of tho tad Houso. foreign or domestic policy t California .. ever. We’ve priced the] Itlie relations rU,'(c) In determining the boundary line, Speci :h lo "Tito Frr»5" SI. r.iul Insurance Company, St. Paul. high contracting parties 0 If territory of one party be; found by Oltlicua' Insurance Canipunj, Pittsburg. tor power, by tlie tribunal to have been at the date of Continued from Pago L . 2.—Governor Hust- that everybody can havi of either to any other Stalltie a subjeot this treatv In the occupation of the sub¬ Agricultural Insurance Company, hew treaty or otherwise, shall bera would certainly object to It, to say York . I treaty, ex- jects or citizens of the other party, such ■ala/ to-day wua handed a as our stock lasts. Yoij for arbitration under tS effect shall be given to anch occupation nothing ubout the constitutional objec¬ Artisans' Insurance Compnuy, PltUhurg, ■L Private Secretary Beltler, ecpl by special ugree-mSS as reason, Justice, tho principles of In¬ tion In tho way, Washington Insurance Cotnpnny. Ohio.. giving ternational law and equities of the fuse ■be/ destruction of tho Cap- Benator-C. L. Magee, of Pittsburg, nald rnclOc Fire lnouranco Campony, New half. Article III l» omendediS ahull In the opinion of the tribunal re- son us possible," said the 'Government two las tea®)] that the Idea of taking tho legislature Governor, J ■ wired Mr. Beltler lo cull Imrrlcun Imurn repute, and the follotw qUArtin1a 5_Provides Bat (lie tribunal sltnll yard with Its polluting hand. The th from Hnrrlsburg was preposterous. This leu I'm nit Mil Ii: moot In Paris within sixty days after sands below watched this drama of' ainieotlng | the Board Is tho sent of Government of tho Com¬ ones $12.50, $15 ones 1 from the article:— I o agree upon the delivery of the printed argument, /rounds, w.•lth tho presiding Company. Alio- "In case they shall fall. but may hold meetings elsewhere All elements almost with abated bred monwealth, tho Governor and all of the ionthB of the Suddenly there was a snap and Dio s both Hourses and Attorney Stute officers ore located here, nnd tho Rn umpire within three t questions coming before the tribunal General All $5 for $2.50 1 e to them In shall bo decided by a majority \olo erel rope curled upward with loosei lormlck, nrml to have present temporary removal of the Legislature to dote of an application in' trading par- Each of the contracting parlies shall fio munapl Is of hullu or .rooms suitable name an agent to represent It before the tension around tho flagstaff, and that behalf by the high © umpire shall next Instaait tho Stars ami Stripes ca lor me till I places. TThis was promptly Never prices so low t lies, or cither of them, '{I tribunal. , , , jione, and I provided for Artiolo 6—Provides Hint the "printed fluttering down slowly at first, and tl lo hud onej meeting." be selected lit the mnnh« I Tho Govl _ ._ direct to the Ex- Overcoats and Suits case of each of the two parties accom¬ more swiftly, and fell softly into cn Company. Newark. , panied by tho documents, the official furnaco of flume that roared beneath. pcuUve Del fttment when ho arrived this In Article V the folio’’ correspondence, and other evidence on evening, ul Company, Newark, A which each relies, shall he dc'lvered to Tho central market, an hour after ■was mot by Attorney Gcn- Everything in plain stricken out:— fire started, presented a weird and p pral McCol Hck, State Treasurer Hay- o ngree upon the arbitrators within eight months Iwood, Audi "In ease they shall fall ' after exchange of ratifications of the uresque Interior All of tho re-sound fu: ■ General Mylln, President nn umpire within three Lonths* of the ■•ro-tem. A| )e to them In treaty.' lure from the Senato chamber had b Barrel! and Speaker Boyer, date of an appllcfttltm^mi Article 7—Allows ettoli party lo present a ■itrnctlng par- carried thoro and stored promlscuot ■tlso present a number of that behalf by tho high c' counter case In reply to the other 8 argu¬ umpire shall ments within four months after the among huckster benches, meat stalls ; Hite matter of quarters for lies or either of them, tl provided for prlnlod case Is delivered. Each party la market boskets. The building Is dire, Eltd—I.* was discussed, across tho street from tho Capitol bu ■•onto Court room was sug- In Article X." HR Ing and Its convenience no doubt sa I best place for the Senute. Wherever Ihe word ‘Jp |A visit i.J thousands of dollars to the Slate. Ihat building by those pros- nuffnlo Cirrnion It meanlog tho fifth metnbt of tho trlbu- -ut bhowetl iut nnd "um- inat It could bo fitted up as nn.lt “person" Is stricken01 l temporal [r Senate chamber In short usnmnce Company. New York. plre" Inserted, It'd or. and I [urnltuio will be placed In It Mechanics' Insurance Com- of tho Senate md House of Rcpresenta- treaty read Arllclo VII In the orWa l-night sol [that It will bo ready by 11 rnl small apartments for Work' 10-1 ren. and Merchants' lusuranco ns follows:— mrrow. It was also decided tho accommodation of the officers and clerks "Objections to the Jur'3 ■ luld I llol ■louse sessions In tho United Company. Now members of tho Legislature. Tho sec¬ Tho arbitral tribunal, constfW-0 It room In the third story ond story contains tho rooms for tho treaty, shall not be taHcflc: I Office building. It Is largo A Into estimate to-nlghl fixes Urn public library. Canal Commissioners, country 'vldnd In this article. If rf loss on tho C'apltol Building and Supreme Court, School Department and anxiously of the hearing upon a f"to, tho British" • -'.noor, and Jose Andrade, Vei ezuelnn Minister tV Liberal party ho jumped right from this "“Wngton. olgne-l,d to-day a treaty, prod po,', ,5° F»ra«o and the lord chan¬ R Boy Fouiid Diacot^scTous^^^™ vlding for the sottlll iment by arbitration1 cellorship, which he occupied also I11 the By Telegraph from a Sniff ^orreopoodenl. walla standlng^ui^^ of Dio long-standli1 e dispute over the last Rosebery administration. boundary between j Uarrlsbujrg. Feb, 2,—t'he remarkable vuste of the State's monev 7il7r7n!^ni‘^^^^M Guiana. cnezuela and British n„. Z3, cralnemly practical nnd ef- feature offehe conflagration was the fact > rehabilitate it. among these The only personl that then! on no death notices as yet >ri of a new Capitol building SSSi removes»■» “p from'»”> to write Jn connection with Its havoc, Union Assurance Company, E rep resen tad ve3 0f[ toeing profound. He * necessity for tho'lmmcdl- Ono side is affected. were Secretary Oil popular, with For u tlrje there wero rumon that half rraM.,As?.'™DC“ Co“Phl>Y. Uu shrewd common sense „,lu win juu, a dozen unfortunate men and boys were 'id thut means the oxpondl- Proltschke." Vli! ford. th0 lattor’s I nd will Judge gc sum of money, to moot Helmholtz, Berg- ihe signatures f Rraic ana equitable lines. burled under the black debris of charred American Insaraocn Companv,’ mann, Wagner „„a oubols Blr Richard Htenn Collins Is m ' ' must he retrenchment and Duhols Reymond. rpeelal pen, a boat! much less limber -and brokc-n beams as they cuma notVBrtc Insurance Companv v. _ “Diei'S whose rimnaniea aro as mb. tipped with 11 known. Of the fourteen Queen'. -Cn’s bench crashing down through the cupola. that meuns something eiBe uommerco Insurance Company. 1 I fumlllar to. those”th08°. eceducated lintln. «. „« „„i £alI° "f'1 Cape•ape Tolon us tliey In Toklo. ornamented with a are paid Jlo.POO„,.ra Tho awe-struck crowds that hung like tt 1*1 Inoumc« Comiiany students of San F.- y aro to tho with dlamondn. >r yearly by a grateful country,-... y, hohe inIs tilOtho n black fringe on tho snow-white surface uo'on Asaurnnco Society. Engl &in^Francisco,, Cl-hlcago and youngest but two In - of One Wind. Now York. To bo su Venezuela for the point of date of of tho grounds, saw with bated breath fifty to loo attendants'„v professor_ has appoIntmenL Indeed..his appointment„ excited men ruBhlns to and fro under the Chairman Marshall on „TL° ... n,.i„ b0,iJ a The np-s of the fire at Harrisburg and his lecture each one of 'this subJeotM'e indorsed by other mem¬ Prtor to the removal of the State a tho alniost total destruction of the -- courses, and from tverVevery one, s%rKr.,s.si DiomJh"'w 1?rneth|ng of"f, a surprise,surprlso'.'a!- nl- clouds of stiffing smoko In Senato and brary, aggregating WOO,000, wore dlvlc ,occuslonnl exception, tien- collects Tho trouty In s Is ft sound Jurist, with an House, and when roof and celling, beam bers of the PProprlatlons Committee ns c chambers of the Senate and House cre- tr°m K to $20S29 lectureleer,are money lut„ lows:— °J Internallonal law. well as by cading members of House “™nfr y, ^‘lowing coni panics on A ho la allowed to 1 leini, hut and rafters fell with 11 crash that sent - ufed a very general impression in local than half the moneykeen but •Ittlclittle more showc-rs of sparks skyward In tlie storm/ and Senate with whom I have talked Stato S08- The authorttle3 at , - municipal circles that the two legislative > thus earned. Prob- State Ireasury wero unable to 68y , nbly only a very rnmous' and a Verv they felt that human life hud paid thf bodies would probably move t0 Phil-, popular professor ts E'lif MS'j’ JJj'TnS.Ssf; penalty of during recklessness. f finitely how many 0f tho foiinwH than $J0f“ - -- vs able to profit more l dol»h'* ** ‘»o rest of the session p In his o '£,*roni tho student fees slrou* to prcrt-10 The most seriously injured, perhaps, oL atid an .pi n«f«l ecltatlon of the sub¬ icturo courses. an amicable SC|. S£,fo'i,rrk mmiy “a he victims of tho fire, aro PolIcema'f , was very Bcnornlly felt that perhaps no- Yet a Dement of the qi oiJ3°ihn "JUki nr.e absolutely uncommitted ject has o irretl at every meeting of Gorman ""tween their I. which ha* arisen Hunter and a small boy, who was elthej ■ where elso could adequate uccommoda- crslivr°iif,'-s SSorsa much ct,alr covoted ln " concerning the .tiv" governments navehnv» hh«»ifbeen bJnamed ct' ? utan n6|nnsulhinthor would1,1. over so badly stunned or Injured that he coult tho LeglBli tf® during the past three ■ tlons be offered. place. 1 a,'d'i of men strive for the lary between the vODdon and Globe Assur- volony of Brills' not glvo his name. Hhnter Ib a larw Bensloiia. Mayor Warwick voiced tho general States ot Yen If the SU decides to issue bonds fur colored man, who weighs over 200 poundr ire Company, London.’.]! sentiment In tho following telegram, hoTmcrlcan^fcd to°Ger- submit to art.l and Is one of the most offlolent office/?' the purpose)111( vn..I.liti, j. .sii,ui„s Iuild volved." 1* ■ - Utrad !'a,l0Ml lnouranco whlcli lie sent to Governor Hastings: "I Md /nte’rnftUomS ^ucTn^hni on the pollco force. He was stationed ra with tin.' liquidating such a U>o universities for years. the exterior of tho rotunda, and his d/ln debt. thc^^^^Vh'trtll.'s of th" Com- aeuraoeo Company, New have just heard of the destruction of the Capitol buildings at Harrisburg, and ii"Lthi° "Tctched earnings wos to seo that the venturesome cror1*’ mrinwg^Bl'l feel tho direct result llors. In the mere lione of or the United Sii;«'nf v ,ho Pr"Pldent aid not enter the burning building. r“ 1 Inauraoco Com^ue,', hasten to Inform you that If I |n nnv. ".telling that haven and Jose Andre, rn ,',, .?..' "nezuelB. S.:n°r 101- mid dignity known as Hulled States or7 10 *bo When the false floor of tho cupola J „ wise can assist In securing for tho use "2reel to iud eonnbiA#,!?*;» hnVe> the celling of the rotunda fell he tfn<1 nsuraaco Company, Lorn of tho Legislature the Select nnd Com¬ ossorship A tutor of this article*;— onoludod the following directly underneath tho mas:. The/'18 mon Connell chambers of this city I will 1 ,llfc 01 self-denial tunda fell, and through 11 the sljmT0' parallelk among n;en of .•S'" a, lri. gladly do so. if you think It necessary 1 has one room, tukc-8 only • crowds ‘,nv the figures of hair Dr. William Henry Eglc, In his onm- ? a,,<1 foffee for breakfnst. men and.ooys come rushing forth^Ri!en to not In this direction at this time I < lunch nnd only a g||cn do"" l|ie white, slIppor^B3 80 '* H"in Lburg, savs'— will communloatc with tho Presidents of 5 taste of vegetables and .. regardless of consequences. As t^Bt'P*. The Capitol was rapidly pushed for- both branches or City Councils nnd with v and sir ?uohl Britain Barm™Horachofi "8 woo" and plaster struck Hu^Bfull- BSSU'rcr; i .h„Ho,orowlls his daily wnrd to completion, and In December tlio Public Buildings Commissioners and 0 • the point Just mis side knockwl his helmet from his he^Pr- 11 18.1. was ready for occupnncv. On Wed nt. rarely spending more ■•'"I aa th3 -I , Uf J"'"' J'111' . ting long gnshes In n» __ cut- rXalsz'sr c9aip*Qy' Bondou. ..:v;:, sec what can be done In tha matter." 1 !'IS J® D>° fluff bavem* pJlr.iv r1 Company, Enzland... 1 nesday tho 2d of January. l?22 .he Tho offer of tho Mayor was courts v iie snnio suftrlSf* cfothwl jstaar assr-?.«t daswu?*: LEGISLATORS. M^1 / 'T.'1."™ Coml>“"y. Hanford.... umnzlng style of hut littjt stilled by the smol! Biflzod ’ ^ Awturanco Company, w,Thbl1: '“1"“"""'" “r ,h» toJaiw ously acknowledged and declined by reeled iio,,"wn the steps like a til mbers Freely Com- with Imposing ceremonies. Tho Governor Hastings, who sent the follow- t our:. The Iin, UUIlqq States Pupr.-m.- PJ'1"' when7 two or tnrthree citizens, srl Conflagration. ^■ Fire Insuranvo Company, Bur’t- bore of both branches of the Legislature A Familiar Sound, the situation, rushedrushed lo his apslstl met in tho morning at 10 o'clock 'o re. Husband—What did you 1 He was stunned —to the point oil n£..I“!lri’nrt Compony. Hnrtlbrd"” ] o» Oo„„ Hou„. ana think when Jnsonaffilllty^tv. nndand had It not bed Feb. 2—While the Plfia In“"r“nco c°n»Pany. Phlhidfl- night?Uar<* 11,0 cbande'ller full In the eluzens, would] fallen In thc'slush 1 progress the ques- 11 hud been ported him In mi ui"tight posltic/ ibldlng place of the , ’'ffi’oi i”,,uraD<-c ’ Limited, ‘ n nnd were blood trickling down ..hlti neck . „„ana s you could. I o-nlght he Is resting at the host Ing animatedly dls- !'i? aB ™n ^ exp-cted. his Injur id members stood ir. I ! on Ids head nurab’-'r ‘•ontUBod ■ 1 and enow of the SKS !:y R'v' D- «.»; ,1 slkcil ubout the fu- ‘"'r“ 1"*"r*nc0 ComP“tiy! oxof T re’the newspaper r-orroupondunt!wns found 1 lllce of Captain De | on the sloppy Blep* of i« prlvatd ttlon was being ar- j Artiolo 4—Pr blectlng from several wound* d Aj»uran.:o Oorporntlon n Wo Other J?.1? n coherent account J of Harrisburg und ! ?n|r- 1 ollco officers removed hlr# ,n*uron^ c<'ro- borne. I , A fireman named Selirrteknlt. I H(Onl°r<1 "'V ln-,l,r“Dvo’oi'mpaiiy, il,o'. In the rottindn when the cVaiili e*' TV III III mVbu'ru h ClYy |,-n„ I,Yu.• ' ■' 6' Interesting Incidents of the De¬ caught by -.onto of the fly tag ial3> pany, „ V"rL . . wounded In the hand. HI* bat struction of the Capitol. B< Telegraph fn.ra a Staff Corrvicoodont. M finer. Ilnrrlsburg, Pa., Feb. 2-The lire took with It these separate things: The Sen¬ ato chamber, offices of /ho clerk and Senut" librarian, Senate committee room-, Forestiy Cominluslon, Speaker Sarsaparilla pro ten). Game Commission. Lieutenant Governor’s apartment., office* of uic Superlnt0»doni of Public inxiruetlon, 1 ress. *j READ THE DAILY AND PHI LA DELPHI A, WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUAI [17.—FOURTEEN PAGES. IVO CENTS. House and Senate and through the vari¬ house looked Into ous departments In'the other buildings through a veil of blue-tj set up their startling clamor. Then the Water wus dripping upon l THE STATE CAPITOL A PREY TO FLAMES. PEACl New desk and running In ye ^probably episode described above occurred, ; north* The Senators, who were lounging about rivulets over the placid facel the Senate Chamber, some of thorn. Penn, ns ho looked for thf sis tra n isiss least, thoaelu tu l< ... „ loke; . Or. «“* « “J “jjf* s»* ""»! Dersc, drill on the part of the emi.loyeea of Uie f roinoont , clr.lr Turly gales, Senate. The House was In session, but Lids of desks were throuJ| > [- evening, the ringing of tbo gougs did i\ot In the least disconcert the members of that tloncry. stumps, bills pn K cloudy The Historic Old Buildi ig at Harrisburg with come wero hurriedly gathf No Cbaafl lerly body, who went on transacting business *\ Just as though the most disastrous c In the arms of Senators, le of Passing the Its Costly Furnishirtigs and Valuable Aagratlon of the century on the bill ’ lids foil with a crash l ‘ not gathering way almost above their for the doors, never to on In the meantime llierq s Int with England Records Devour ?d by Flames. cries In the corridors outBlJ Drobably Hose reels on the second floor Intervals by the dull e ’ heavy rcpldly unwound by tho watchmen and and the harsh cw»go; lis Session. THE DAMAGE WILL REA :h half a million. 1 Official Worl i Articles lling of the Amended Senators and Representatives F irst Disturbed by Smoke, Seaal [Given Out by the and Then Forced to Flee Before Sheets of Flames, &«- te Committee. Which Burst Forth from AII Parts of the House | VENEZUELA!* and the Senate Chamber. Pauncsfote il, 3, a, 7 New Jersey .14 ....3,7 Local ...3,4,10.11,13 to Boundai .4,6,7,13 Sports .S ..1.3.5 Financial .9 CATASTROPHE ORIGINATED FROM A DEFECTIVE FLUE. Horsohel to ] of tl *' killed fourteen people, sled In San Francisco. It was announced at police headquar- The Blaze Was First Discovered in [the Lieutenant Governor's rs. New York, that the commissioners Special Dm 1 decided to acquit Captain Ctaapr- Room and Spread Rapidly Throughout the ^uilding—The all blame-.v^ In the raiding-, of t SlSeely Washington, changes made ii Loss Is Partially Covered By Insurance — The treaty by the S i the beach c the public. TIicJ Senate and House to Met : in Temporary show much cha ready printed i . Hodges & Co., a LCftfl.tinue the rage II rm was an- Quarters a iHarrisburg am False repot n Stock ExcEaiSgft. Regular Sessic NATIONAL—Pages I reports, togotlu l Tlie National House passed the Diplo¬ tlotts printed matic Appropriation bill and *--— papers, have atlon of BT TELEGRAPH FROM A STAFF CORRESPONDENT, n of tho cour Ul. . as hod the pet matter, and these Harrisburg, Feb. 2.—The State Capitol, th hlstorlo old building In which with the mlsrcprcsi I has practically ipleled I ) glass I j ctsms have know Ttaln New York n the Pennsylvania lawmakers of the past oenlvl have assembled from time to Ing about they '* tie of the new ianu out. sed unfavorable < }b McKenna, of California, has tlmo. Is In ashes. The flames which caused Its destruction broke out while the Sen¬ \ ferently. ie of tlio Senate, where¬ the offer of a Cablnot position l It I* said that President-elect McKinley and will ate and House were In session. The loss Umated at $500,000, but In Uils | has been c: as writing such critl- probably be Secretary of the Interior. Umate no account Is luken of thousands of d' Kuments of hlstorlo vaJue which • false reports what they were lalk- •h^Venezuclun arbitration treaty cle” » the Ight have written dll- forms*)' signed at the Slate Depart. were stored away In the building, and which fijpnlshed the easily digested s Is tor foie i food of the devouring element. and had ev. considerable iU-feelln- // statement tt ln England by the The Are was flrst discovered In the r< of Lieutenant Governor Lyon, the matter the London "Cbront- on the second floor of the building. It Is iposed to have originated from a Isler, E. De Kot >■*t the Russian mln- yj cally that tn opposing the treaty. defective fluo. The flames had secured a firm [footing betw* the walls of tho Plea* Court No. 2 as to the status of the the blinding sleet firemen, legislators and spectators worked together with Secretary O ~ " ' for aa to make a McKlnley-Cltlxens party. building before the flrst sign of 6moko appeared. The %, that his Governi Department about By the death of the widow of the to save the hi -torlc structure and Its priceless contents. The with him In an> >ugh the Russian Mln- before which Senators and members fled, was quickly f^ iaielate uDr.r. Robertnoutii nayoHays Kline,Dim., Miss Dora storm was apparently forgotten, for a large crowd braved still that denial :ebue, denied omphatl- Miller, who became acquainted with the which enveloped the CapttoL 1 >7, London to overc ever passed a word Klines' through an advertisement, falls it for hours to help in the good cause. heir to on estate believed to amount to The Harrisburg Fire Department, handicapped by an It rufflclent supply of had been sent ther ey on the subject, or half a million of dollars. water, was unable to make any headway against the flames, which rapidly of tho London ” ot hod communlcat d Dr. Benjamin Lee. secretary of the This general I •ay about the treaty, Slate Board of Health, made an Inspec¬ spread to every part of the building, making It . Impossible for those who made Russia has had is nol telegraphed to tion of the methods of disinfecting mulls the effort to .reach any of the costly furnishings or valuable documents. BREAD RIOTS IN SPAIN. the changes in tl e the falsehood that from India at the New York Qu Governor Hastings, the heads of Departments and Martial Law Proclaimed in One City It Is said, for a by the corr&jpondeu; tine Station. clsm of the Londo tronicle.” Judge Gordon and Assistant District and House, at a conference to-night arranged for the and Municipal Officers Resign. Attorney Barlow talked of the escape of elons of the Legislature. Temporary quarters will be fltte^, up In the Supreme Secretary Beltier and Captain Delaney Madrid, Feb. 2.—Serious strikes and Convict John Baker from the Norris¬ 'Courtv,-^- rooms, and---* ..It Is not doubted ♦that«.„» .*«the i-,-lawmakersb e abIe t0 procee THE CROWDS VIEWING THE RUINS. sooiTeTfected an entrance. Then his Excel¬ lency directed the construction of fifty tem¬ desks put in for a recent civil service exami¬ porary desks for the use of the Senators, and nation, and these were occupied by the first it was due to his energy that the members of members to arrive. The others had to stand the upper branch of the Legislature were to¬ around. Beyond the reception of a petitiou day in a position to continue their sessions and three bills and the passage of two reso¬ with all the practical appurtenances of their lutions, one to give the members their chairs office, though with none of the luxury wrhich and desks which had been rescued from the surrounded them at their quarters in the fire, and the other to appoipt a committee to burned building. confer with the Board ofjPublic Buildings The members of the Hops© of Representa¬ and grounds relative to k further place of tives meet in the United States District meeting, no business was transacted. Courtroom, on the third door of the Post- Grace Church of office Building. The rooin had 120 school GRACE M Wh°“fTL E7fCOPAL CHURCH, HARRISBURG, ^ here the Legislature will Continue its Session. While both Legislative' bodies were in sion the trustees of Grace'-’■-'-w >^“.Churchu‘bU metUici andUr LIU Cuy ({pays 18 being considered, and it Is passed a resolution •‘That, in their opinion probable that the pews and carpet will be re the emergency was so great. Involving, as it to^afer ball may be selected. does, our public welfare, that wo believe It h .le the tender of the church property is our duty as Christian citizens to surrender voluntary on the part of the Trustees, it is our building for the use of the State. ” understood that the State will apnroDrlate The official boards of the church met at 3 from *16,000 to *20,000, the amount of the o clock this afternoon and the action of the church s Indebtedness. Now that the future trustees was unanimously ratified. Then Dra^teicanheLeSiSlatUre l8> f°r this ^SSiOG, the Governor and other officials were an¬ practical assured, there is a division of nounced and the church authorities made opinion as to a recess to permit the church the formal tender of the church property daUonPnr thnt° condUion f°r the accommo¬ i^hrough the PresUUn* Elder, Dr. Evans. dation of the members. Some of the leeis- tho°9"u faV°r adj°nrnmenti until Tuesday i Brief speeches were made by Governor the2od, which would enable them to spend Hastings, Speaker Boyer and Mayor Patter¬ election day and Washington’s Birthday at son, expressing their appreciation of the pa¬ their homes. Governor Hastings thinks triotic action of the congregation and ac¬ they should go right on with their sessions cepting the tender. The question of com¬ as though nothing had happened. In speak¬ pensation was not mentioned. ing of the matter to-day the Governor said. To be Ready by Monday Evening. Contracts have now been made so that by Arrangements were begun to get the church next Monday afternoon the rooms for both i In shape for the meeting next Monday even¬ branches or the General Assemhly and for 1 their committees will be entirely ready The ' ing. The Trustees of the church appointed a committee to arrange for the leasiug of a hall havebeeu concluded this afternoon for^he church meetings. The armory of the with the electricians, steam heat company the plumber, carpenter, carpet layer arid k by next Monday evening, at 9 o clock, the Legislature will find quarters as well tilted and prepared for them as is pos- * ,.e under the circumstances.” and I think it Is my duty to prevent As to tlie disposition on the part of the any unnecessary expenditures In this line Legislature to adjourn to-morrow for two j at this time.” I said, “Well, Gov¬ weeks, he said: ‘ ‘I have nothing to do with ernor, In case the present building what the General Assembly may do as to should burn down the Insurance upon it their adjournment. That is a matter en¬ is sufficient to replace It.” He said, ‘‘Why, tirely for their own judgment, but they will Shearer, 1 have never heard the subject of be as well provided for on next Monday even¬ insurance mentioned, and I doubt if there is ing as they will be on two weeks from next a single dollar on any of the State build¬ Monday evening, and if they adjourn it ings.” I said, ‘‘That seems strange.” He- will certainly be from some other cause than said, ‘‘Indeed, it is so, and it seems strange that the quarters will not be ready for it has never been brought to my attention. them. ’ ’ The next time you come to Harrisburg, The Annual Reception Not Postponed. please call it to my attention.” Within a Governor Hastings was asked whether or week I was in Harrisburg, called at the Ex¬ not he and Mrs. Hastings would postpone ecutive Department, and called the Gover¬ the annual reception to the General Assem¬ nor’s attention to the matter. He at once bly and the officials of Harrisburg, for which looked It up and found there was no Insur¬ invitations are out for next Tuesday even¬ ance and nobody seemed to know whether ing. The Governor replied that the invita¬ there had ever been any. The Committee on tions having been Issued and the arrange¬ Property was immediately called together ments made for the reception, there would be and the buildings were soon after¬ ward all insured. However, It was found no postponement. Both branches of the Legislature will meet there was no appropriation at that time to to-morrow In the same places in which they cover this expense, and the policies were assembled to-day, and their action as to the cancelled, but at the first opportunity an length of the recess will depend on the re¬ appropriation was made, and the Insurance ports of their respective committees ap¬ which was on the property at the time of the pointed to-day to confer with the Commis¬ fire was effected. By this you will see that sion on Public" Buildings and Grounds as to no person except Governor Pattison Is en¬ when the church will be ready for their occu¬ titled to the credit for having placed the In¬ surance as it now exists.” pancy,L The church in which the legislative body Auditor General Mylin’s Defence. will meet reminds the Philadelphians of the The local in the PnBLro Ledger to-day, Arch Street Methodist Episcopal Church, in which Auditor General Myllu is charged Broad arid Arch streets, though it is not so with receiving$2000 from the State Treasurer, large. The auditorium, which will be used as an advance payment on his salary, long by the House of Representatives, will seat before he took the oath of office as Auditor 1500 persons. Is arched and lighted by stained General, and with drawing compensation as glass windows. Galleries occupy three sides a member of several boards of which the of the interior. Back of the church proper Is Attorney General is a member and who re¬ a two-story building. The lower floor has a turned his warrant with the Information number of small rooms, which may be used that he had no legal right to it, created con¬ for the presiding officers, the clerks and com¬ siderable comment here to-day. mittees. The Auditor General refused to discuss the Above Is the lecture room, which will be matter, in view of the prospective appoint¬ fitted up for the Senate. This has three ment of a committee to investigate his de¬ smaller rooms, and others may be parti¬ partment. He said he would explain to that tioned off from the main hall to afford ac¬ committee all the members want to know commodations for the committees, at the about It. It is understood, however, that the same time affording plenty of space for the Auditor General does not deny the allega¬ desks of the Senators. The lecture room may tions in the article. On the contrary, he be approached from a side entrance leading privately admits them, and endeavors to into a corridor back of the church, and the justify his receipt of the $2000 by asserting two bodies may meet and adjourn without that it was a purely personal matter between Interfering with each other. himself and the State Treasurer. The Placing of Insurance on the Capitol. It is said he holds that the State Treasurer Governor Pattison’s connection with plac¬ Is responsible to no one as to what he does ing the insurance on the Capitol was ex¬ with the Stpte funds, as he is bonded in $.300,- plained here to-day by Internal Revenue 000 for their safe transfer to his successor,and Collector R. E. Shearer, of Carlisle. He said if he chooses to keep the State money in his he had noticed in the morning papers that a pocket or give it to his friends it is nobody’s business. number of people claimed the credit for placing the Insurance. ‘‘I think,” continued As to receiving compensation for serving Mr. Shearer, ‘‘it can be clearly demonstrated as a member of boards, it is said, he claims that to Governor Pattison alone Is due the that this money Is appropriated by the Legis¬ credit of having first Insured the public lature specifically to the several members of buildings. The policies he placed were the the boards, and he sees nothing wrong in ac¬ cepting it. P. J. H. first ever taken and were in force when the fire occurred. My reasons for making this ‘‘The Saturday Review” says that when statement are as follows: One day during the he was in Egypt Mark Twain hired two Arab Governor’s term of office he was gunning guides to take him to the Pyramids. He was in the Cumberland Valley. I was one familiar enough with Arabic, he thought, to of the party. Our success was not as good as understand and be understood with perfect it might have been, and I noticed the Gov¬ ease. To his consternation he found that he ernor seemed annoyed. I asked, jokingly, could not comprehend a word that either of whether he was figuring upon whore we the guides uttered. At the Pyramids he met could find some quail, and he said, ‘‘No, a friend, to whom he made known his di¬ that is not what bothers me, but great pres¬ lemma. It was very mysterious. Twain sure has been brought to bear upon me to thought. ‘ ‘Why, the explanation is simple agree to an expenditure of a large sum of the enough, ” said the friend. “Please enlighten people’s money for a new Capitol building. me, then?” said Twain. “IVhy, you should Now, during these hard times I am averse to have hired younger men. These old fellows adding any extra burdens on_the taxpayers, have lost their teeth, and, of course, they don’t speak Arabic. They speak gum* Arabic,” The Germans were pre-eminently educa¬ tors. Such was their zeal in the cause of education that they erected school houses j wherever they built churches, in many in¬ stances the school having taken precedence of the church. As early as 1740 Rev. Mich- ■ ael Schlatter, of St. Gall. Switzerland, ur- j rived in Pennsylvania. He had organized a public school society for the promotion of .education among the Germans in i e im - \ 1 - J vania, to which George II. of England had (contributed £1,000. Bate, / _// / fyy The motto of the Pennsylvania Germans, “Mittel-Masz, die beste Strasz” (moderation in all things, extremes to be avoided), and I another, -'Zu wenig tin zu fiel. ferderbt alle . I G’schpiel,” expresses in a word the conserv¬ ative character of the people, whose mod¬ esty has long prevented them from realizing THE GERMANS IN their true importance in the Commonwealth . which they so largely helped to found. Then i they have ever before them their German | ancestral motto, “Ohne Hast. Ohue Hast” PENNSYLVANIA (without haste, without rest), a sublime | sentiment which has found epigrammatic | expression in nearly all languages whose ! THEIR HONORABLE ANCESTRY IS BEING people have made themselves a power. Reading, the third city in Pennsylvania, DISCLOSED BY THE STATE SOCIETY. with its 80,000 inhabitants, can boast as tine society as the greatest metropolis of the country. It is true there is no great wealth, I NO LONGER THE PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH as New Yorkers understand wealth, but many of its families are historical, dating j from revolutionary times and even before j Now Recognized Beyond a Doubt That \ them. There are here descendants of Gen- j Their Language is a Legitimate Dialect t eral Peter Muhlenberg and Governor Joseph from the Old Palatinate in South Ger- ' Hiester of colonial times. There are also many other fine old families whose ancestors many—Reading’s Fine Society—The Work were not so prominent in those early days, of the Late George de li. Keim in Extol- j but whose records compare with the best.} All through the eastern section of Pennsyl- : ling the Noble Character of the Early j vania its smallest towns have a few old jSettlers. families whose gentle courtesies and ameni¬ ties do and have done much to elevate the The Pennsylvania German, not the Penn- j people about them.' sylvania Dutch, as he is usually misnamed, ! lias recently come to understand that he is These noble Pennsylvania Germans have ,an individual of groat merit, if good, old of late years been growing very proud of their long descent and of their good old, lineage be the measure of worth. For a | honest, pious ancestry. The late George ;long time individual effort, with the end in | de B. Keim, of Philadelphia, once president view of awakening an interest among their j of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad descendants in the early German settlers j. and son of General George Keim, who for¬ in this country, has been doing its slow j merly represented Berks county in Con¬ gress, and Hon. Daniel Ermentrout, the and sure work. The culmination is the j present Congressman of the Berks district, X’ennsylvauia German Society. did much to foster this feeling. In season By the researches of the learned members and out of season they extolled the virtues who constitute this society many interest¬ of the early German settlers of Pennsylva¬ ing facts have been gleaned. Instead of the nia. told of their noble character, of their opprobrious title of Pennsylvania Dutch, honesty, self-sacrifice, purity and piety; of which has hecn erroneously conceived to be their efficiency at all times and in all sea¬ ,a mongrel dialect, with am existence con- sons in assisting the new country with their cued to a limited area in the State of Penn¬ services and money against foreign oppres¬ sylvania. it is now recognized beyond a doubt sion; how tlieir modesty and true worth had tthat the Pennsylvania German is a legit¬ always prevented any public recognition or imate dialect from the old Palatinate in acknowledgment of their services, and how, South Germany, and, with the exception after their public work was done, they of a few English words that have crept into quietly retired to their homes, lived peace- • dt, is otherwise the same idiom that is ful lives and reared families in piety and spoken by the Palatinate peasantry in the usefulness to themselves and their genera¬ phiue provinces of South Germany. tion. The early German settlers were of'sterling These two men, George de B. Keim and • Value in the formation of our Common¬ Daniel Ermentrout, made the Pennsylvania wealth, as they possessed every character¬ German Soci.etv a possibility and finally an istic that was essential to good citizenship, established fact. It is true they never having been distinguished in the beginning reaped any of the honor of the final organiza¬ by a most conspicuous patriotism. At the tion of the society, as they were at the time time that Washington’s army was in a half- of its formation otherwise engaged, but their starved condition nine Pennsylvania' Ger¬ pioneer work made the society what it Is mans gave their boud for $100,000 to buy to-day—a flourishing body of the best citi- provisions. •' zens of longest descent in Pennsylvania, to which there are constant applications for HM membership. f" ' George de B. Keim and Daniel Ermen- m ?/>■; net, trout; who vvt'rio always fast friends, have deli. Keim. always been t.vMcal Pennsylvania Germans Others have since labored faithfully to of the best sort) Mr. Keim, who was of the bring the society up to its present standard. gentlest birth rind breeding, was so modest Julius F. Sachse, of Philadelphia, its efficient a man that only lire nearest friends knew of treasurer; H. Muhlenberg Richards, of Read¬ his mental gifts, and the same may be ing, secretary; Colonel Thomas Zimmerman, truthfully said . of Mr. Ermentrout to-day. of the Reading Times; worthy ministers, j One of the fluf-st classical scholars in the latvyers, Judges, editors all over the State j State and-a fine linguist, speaking and writ¬ have done noble work for the good of the j ing several of the modern languages with cause, and to them all be credit and honor,/ elegance and fluency, how few of his friends for their work is a worthy one. and associates' know anything of these thingsV He hits algo been of great assist¬ ance in the past to men of position and influ¬ ence to-day, but no word of these services ever passes his lips. He possesses dignity of character, hiS manners are simple and cot-, dial, like those of all broad-minded men. This unaffectedness is often misunderstood by smaller people who bolster up their own assumed dignity with pretentiousness. But _he is “Uncle Daniel” to thousands of the people of royal old Berks. Loyal always to their ancestors and prin¬ ciples, these men succeded in causing many Pennsylvania Germans to waken up to their possibilities and privileges. As early as June 19, 1876, Daniel Ermentrout delivered an oration on “Our People in American His¬ tory” on the occasion of the German Centen¬ nial Jubilee at Reading. This flue production was afterwards published in pamphlet form and is now to be found at the back of Dr. AVeiser’s life of his great ancestor, Colonel Conrad AVeiser. In that speech Mr. Ermentrout taught the people who Anglicize their names, or for any other reason tiw to hide their German origin, “A German name here is a mark of nobility, a title of honor.” When Pennsylvania, together with the other twelve original States, wras invited by the United States to place statues of her two most distinguished citizens in the ro- , tunda of the Oapitol at Washington, Mr. Er- mentrout introduced the bill making an ap¬ propriation for this purpose in the Senate of Pennsylvania April 18, 1877, and urged it’ successfully through, although great efforts were made by, Senator Everhart, of Chester county, to amend it in the following manner: “Provided, that this contract be so modified that the statue of General Anthony AVa.vne be one of the two statues to be executed.” Mr. Ermentrout wanted a Pennsylvania German to have this recognition and honor, and in his mind General Peter Muhlenberg was the subject chosen. The statuary com¬ mission appointed by Governor Hartranft consisted of Daniel Ermentrout, George de B. Keim, General Simon Cameron, Judge McKenna, of Pittsburg, and John C. Hager, of Lancaster, and to-day the statues of Gen¬ eral Muhlenberg, the Pennsylvania German, and Robert Pulton, the great Scotch-Irish inventor, born in Lancaster county, fill their places in the rotunda of the Capitol at AA^asli- ington. In 1891 the Pennsylvania German Society was organized at Lancaster, Pa. It met the next year in Harrisburg; then at Lebanon,1 York, Bethlehem, and again at Lancaster a \ /\ ' few weeks ago, each year gathering enthusi¬ asm and numbers. At the last banquet given . -. at the Stevens House, Lancaster, Daniel Er¬ mentrout, to whom Ex-Attorney General Hensel, as toastmaster, gave “Pennsylvania Dutch and Pennsylvania Germans,” endeav¬ ored to lead the minds of the members pres¬ ent to the faithful friend who had done so much to awaken sufficient interest among Date WsrULim. Pennsylvania Germans to form a society. It was a just tribute to the. metnorv of George -« Q-f ui In Burning- Words of Eloquence Their Deeds Were Recounted Yesterday. THE CEREMONIES OF PENNSYLVANIA DAY Inspiring Scenes at Orchard Knob—Monuments Formally Dedicated and Transferred to the Park Commission , —Dedicatory Addresses—Large and Brilliant Assemblage—Incidents of the Day. Four thousand people were present imposing, enduring memorials of bronze yesterday afternoon at Orchard Knob and granite will tell the story to coming at the formal dedication of Pennsyl¬ generations of the valor of American vania’s monuments to her citizen soldiery troops and the gratitude of the nation to who fell in the battles in and about its soldiery. Chattanooga during the civil war. Bight proud may Pennsylvania be of The scene and the occasion were in¬ her tributes, for none more beautiful spiring and auspicious. stand upon these fields. Situated in a cove in the southeast The last act was performed yesterday corner of Orchard Knob, where nature in the grateful mission of the common¬ had formed an amphitheater, was the wealth founded by Penn toward its rostrum improvised for the occasion and sons who fell upon the battlefield. seats for several thousand. Within full The rest belongs to the future and to sweep of the vision were the majestic posterity. heights of old Lookout and the steeps Gov. Hastings and staff were driven of Mission ridge, towering monuments to the Knob in tallyhos and arrived that will bear to coming ages the story promptly on time. Upon the rostrum, at of the most picturesquely grand struggles the opening of the ceremonies, was a in universal history. Every veteran’s brilliant assemblage. There were Gov. heart must have swelled within him at Hastings, members of his staff in full the matchless panorama that a third of a century ago formed the theater of the uniform, members of the executive com¬ most dramatic and trying ordeals, in then- mittee of the Pennsylvania battlefields lives. Ideal was the weather, but the commission, Gen. John P. S. Gobm, com- mellow beams of the autumn sun kissed mander-in-chief of the Grand Army of only peaceful scenes as they played hide- the Bepublic; members of the Chic-ka-' and-seek among the rival hues of the mauga-Chattanooga National Military forest foilage. It was not the sun of park commission, members of the local Austerlitz or of Buena Vista, bathing in Pennsylvania society, Hon. FI. Clay Ev¬ human blood, but the silvery beams of ans, commissioner'of pensions; Gen. Jos. peace that in time’s fullness have W. Burke, Gen. Willard Warner, Capt. smoothed war’s grim-visaged front. J. P. Smartt, Capt. H. S. Chamberlain, The occasion,"sentient with historic in¬ Capt. F. F. Wiehl, members of Fifth terest, the scene, fraught with the sub¬ regiment band, United States army, and lime and beautiful. Will ever be memora¬ others. ble to those who were present. Brevet Brig.-Gen. Wm. A. Bobinson, In these ceremonies the great common¬ lieutenant-colonel of Seventy-seventh wealth of Pennsylvania discharges the Pennsylvania volunteers, presided over highest obligation any state may pay to the ceremonies. its deceased citizen soldiery. Handsome, + + + The Opening- Prayer. 142 1 1 „ .,l if ’R T1Ttti' „ - ,y j *y - 4 The. great sTsbauft on Lookout jm The opening prayer was delivered "by" was led by Pi nusylvania’s great Rev. Thos. H. Robinson, D. D., of Pitts¬ John AV. Gear', and the Seventy-e: Pennsylvania was the first regiment to burg, the audience standing with, un¬ Lookout mountain into the Chickamauga covered heads during its delivery. Dr. valley and received and delivered the first Robinson fervently invoked the Divine shots fired in the three months’ fight, on the 10th of .September, 1883, at Hug Gap, blessing upon the proceedings, upon the in the Pigeon mountains; moreover, the survivors of the great conflict, upon the parting shots in the great conflict were de¬ livered by the One Hundred and Ninth commonwealths of Pennsylvania and of Pennsylvania at Kinggold, and other Penn¬ Tennessee, and upon the reunited country. sylvania troops as they poured their volleys into the fleeing army of Braxton Bragg at He besought the Almighty to turn the Ringgold in the last days of November, results of the bloody struggle into les¬ 1803. sons of good for the whole people, and As a representative of our committee arid our commission, we tender our thanks to that this republic may achieve the grand the regimental organizations for their effi¬ destiny vouchsafed it by the Creator of cient and intelligent help and co-operation. AA'e must thank Capt. F. F. Wiehl and the the universe. Hon. H. Clay Evans, natives of Pennsyl¬ +’ + + vania, but residents of Chattanooga, for Following the opening prayer, the Fifth facilitating our labors. And the thanks of the committee, the commission, the surviv¬ | regiment band rendered a medley of patri¬ ors of these battles and of all the people of otic airs. our commonwealth are due to your Intelli¬ gent, great-hearted and accomplished adju¬ + * + tant-general, Thomas J. Stewart, for his COL. BLAKELY’S ADDRESS. work in the execution of the laws for the transportation of these old soldiers to this dedication. And to you. Gov. Hastings, we Lieut.-Col. Archibald Blakely, Seventy- are deeply indebted for your courtesies, your kindness, your counsel and your help. eighth Pennsylvania volunteers, president When the coming years have wrinkled your of the Pennsylvania battlefields commis¬ browr and whitened your head, and you sion, made the address formally transfer¬ draw your mantle around you, waiting the last call from 1 the great Trinity of your ring the monuments to the Governor of faith and your( religion, there is ft trinity Pennsylvania. Col. Blakely said: of words whiclf, sounded in your ears, will quicken your sluggish pulse and strengthen Ladies and Gentlemen:—There is but one your weak heiiit beats—Johnstown—Ohicka- Chattanooga, and we are in it today. We inauga—Chattanooga. . are on Orchard Knob, one of the many his¬ Our thanks are due and we tender them toric heights which surround the growing most cheerfully to Edward Everett Betts, city now clustering around their feet. We the painstaklng.and skillful engineer of this . are in the center of a panorama in which National Military Park. From the time nature exhibits her works on the one hand that Gen. Henrv V. Boynton fought and in awful and majestic grandeur, and upon hied on these fields to this day he has made the other in scenes of inestimable beauty, them a study and. in addition to his other S’,'. „ ‘ peaceful as peace and noiseless as the foot- w-orld-wide attainments, he knows more to¬ t steps of time. We tire on the ground where day of the battle lines, the positions and . Grant and Thomas trod wito giant tread the maneuvers of the troops engaged here than , mountain paths of the art of war and mili¬ any other living man. tary science. In the war of the rebellion, AVe came here with hearts full of thanks in "the aulumn of I8{!3, for three months, to Gen. J. S. Fullerton, whose lips today nearly 21X1.OCO armed men of the armies are silent in death. From the organization of the north -and of the armies of the south of the commissioners of this National Mili¬ j engaged in a death struggle over these tow¬ tary Park until his tragic death last sum¬ ering mountains and rugged ridges, along mer he tvas its chairman. He was the in¬ these undulating valleys and plains, by the carnation of enthusiasm. He never seemed dark waters of the Chickamauga and by to know or consider an obstacle. In battle the sparkling waters of the beautiful Ten- this enthusiasm and determination marked 1 nessee. In that contest seven distinct con¬ him and especially as he hurried the legions tests were fought, Chickamauga, Wau- of Gordon Granger to the salvation of hatchie, Brown’s Ferry, Orchard Knob, Thomas’ right when struck by that immense Lookout mountain, Missionary ridge and corps of Longstreet on Snodgrass hill. liinggoid, all of which resulted in victories Gov. Hastings, on the part of our com for the union army. And the lines upon tee and the commission. I tender and which they were Fought, except Kinggold over to you these monuments. May and part of Chickamauga, are within the stand here beautiful and grand through range of our natural eyes from where we coming generations, unhurt by the hand now stand. Tljese battles were fought for man and immarred by the tooth of time the possession of Chattanooga, the geograph¬ The band rendered “The Battle-Cr; ical center of the southern confederacy and the gateway to the central south. Freedom.” Gov. Hastings, we are here today because 4- 4 + in that memorable contest the sons of Penn¬ sylvania were here; they were here in all ADDRESS OF GOV. HASTINGS. departments of the land service; twelve reg¬ " t iments of infantry, three regiments of cav¬ Hon. Daniel H. Hastings, Governor alry and two companies of artillery; and they were here in all grades of the ser¬ Pennsylvania, was presented and vice from the major-general to corporal and the address ofl acceptance on behalf the shortest man in the rear ranks. Within a week after our appointment, in July of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania J 18S)5, your committee organized and from the formal trs nsfer to the care of -i that time until the present day have dili¬ national goveinmenit. The adaddress * gently prosecuted the work entrusted to "1 their hands. And although beset with many Gov. Hastings follows: ; vexatious questions and delays, it has been Ladies and Gentlemen:—The surviv ■ to us a labor of love, and the work being veteran soldiers! of Pennsylvania who finished we are here to tender and turn over ticipated in the jattles in and about CF to you as the Governor of the common¬ nooga thirty-foil' years ago have ass wealth the monuments constructed under bled here today to dedicate with appri our superintendence, yielding to the re¬ ate ceremony th 1 monuments erected by quests of the organizations or the 8eventy- authority of oui commonwealth in hono third and the One Hundred and Ninth, they the service here rendered to their count:, are represented! here today. AY’ith warm 1 “arts and uncovered he sireugtnen a nation. ITB'w‘Juseless and reckr j less and unnecessary it all must now ap- pear to you. But out of the recollection of the thunder of battle, how grateful it must be today to the brave men who struggled on both sides to realize that out of it all has come a nobler and grander nation than before had ever been contemplated. rime is a healer as well as a destroyer. | tSSt le'PaEEfHS6! June has cooled the ardor; has tempered the judgment; has healed the wounds and has mellowed—aye, obliterated—all sectional animosities. Time was the hospital, the nurse, the Christian commission, the holy evangel that sat by the bedside of war and restored to strength and beautv incompara¬ ble a nation almost divided. Time’s cruel sentence is not yet executed, nor will it be Rtf"11 the'shrfu^of oufcom- tor you until these heroic fields shall no longer be the witness of reunions such as these. But those who come after you will sure keep alive the story of your valor and Sherman, Sheridan and Granger we°tnrn devotion; and with them jienUnel^tH thejheroie a “No more shall the war cry sever, Nor the \vinding river be red; - ’ They banish all anger forever, W hen they laurel the graves of your dead. Under the sod and the dew, ! her through thTmists and fh^s^tt Waiting the j'udgment day— foliage of autumn, we catch i <»t m/tel Love and tears for the blue, Tears and love for the gray.” Today -as you visit the graves of your fallen comraues, you may say to your com¬ panions, “Here lies one who fought with me on other fields or climbed with me the ! ssssr enir «•&«”«?.' heights of Lookout mountain; who stood ers and amieTboth l^l^^uerT7C0lnmand- by my side on Chickamauga’s field; or fell I courage evinced the’ character)Han try and while scaling yonder Missionary ridge.” But make the American soldmr th tlc's that the years will roll on and the boys and the ! since time began ler the peer of llny girls now awaiting your return home, and other soldiers’ orphans, may some day walk before\m!P TishasTe^led°?i7 B^ead oufc 011 these and other fields of conquest. One conflict. The s^mfand cars lhVt thi06 0f * will say, “My father fell at Gettysburg;” once made have hppn ^£•,!'s7 x n a t t n e war another, “My father fought with Grant at forest, farm and la?rtmfaC,f,d" ield «nd bliiloh; another, "My lather fell in the furrow, ripened fnift and ^ B °hghman and | Wilderness;” another, “My father rods ing colors ofcrim son ?nd “ ',TS “ellow- with Sheridan;” and another, “My father went down in th^ Cumberland.” And for them the Society of the Cincinnati, the 4'I Order of the Loyal Legion and the Grand Army of the Republic will disclose a grand¬ er significance than ever before. zni^oi Your pilgrimage here of love will solace tields« after s? an absence of^thGtrr «lslt these I many a widow’s and a mothers heart. With How different it must be tn^ ^&ve Years, them; your devotion will be some recom¬ stood upon these fields ?h l° you- you pense for those who would fondly kneel by ago, and for vou life was h ,7l0Ur /ears the grass-grown mounds and bedew with 1 death was king; vour lives v,VjLa :i,est aDd tears of love the resting places of the un- the hazard of conflict Yo„ Z,? aced in coflmed and unshrouded dead. But when , ciliated, as you fought thvnna-h°+ibt,ess cal‘ you and they are gone there will be others whether you would -tIaese fie)ds, I still to strew the fiowers and cherish the-lr i homes and loved ones whom8?111 s,ee tiie memory. As the two Marys found their behind; you saw your comrade/fin lGft way to the sepulcher of the Redeemer of side and you heard the vofee J'l1 by youe mankind, so will the children of the future mander and pressed forward6- G£, your com- find their way to the graves of the men battles end; you endured t’ho011]!6^ the whose sacrifices redeemed a nation from of the camp and march and field nnHi'lShil,s bondage. Let us before these monuments, as before ss.t&r1'" "”Ba s s; a shrine, mingle our tears and droop our Hags and listen to the solemn dirge in mem¬ ory of the patriotic dead, both north and 1 south; let us again resolve that the men I who fell on these fields shall not have died m vain. Let us, as we contemplate the flag of our reunited country floating in peace above these fields, again resolve that this Inatheregret'we'feef1^^Vlf^ land shall know no other banner than the we- know cverf on^ofabf,el>ce stars and stripes, and that it shall forever float In triumph and in glory; that wherever J St ifei^ioi^th^y^^ it may lead we will follow, and may we maintain the pledge, as Ruth to Naomi, Kray \tzr tIv? srysr whither thou goest we will go, and where the battle line; you have d°r °we? “sain thou lodgest -we will lodge; thy people shall tears of sympathv for thl fan pped ““J be our people, and thy God our God. jou have fou|ht the batNe/n, en comrildes; And now. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of nave met In loving and r agam; You the battlefield commission, for and on be¬ the brave men against whin tlc communion half of the state by which you were author¬ and you have mi ted t^dav wi?],Stiugslecl> ized to perform the work of erecting these drop leaves of heufin- ,?n/n T,th tbem to memorials to perpetuate the memory of the upon the future YmShaT the- past and Lennsylvania organizations who participated tions of a third of \,Z^een the evolu- iu the battles in and about Chattanooga. I doubtless wonder whv" in6fitUry’ and Y°u accept the monuments, and 1 return to you Ood, it become1 neces/?r^ m?1'0^61106 of j •all thanks for your labor of love so well veteran should strmr I tfe“r;St«rsfc"'Kin!'J'- of Gen. tnttn Speaks. *?»• ;Tai?es W. Latta. of Pennsylvania, rnlfr,a-ar0daee', ancl spoke briefly of the thlfFan ro.cord 5*f the western army and the galJantry of its soldiery. OTA"e S'lon had inst sunk in a sea of russet olddLoo‘bmliehlud thi t"tting heights of lookout when the great assemble with uncovered heads, listened to the bened.et.on hr Rev Joseph T Gibson? •p' P", f°rfneily of the Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania volunteers. Then ‘the” -in- dience broke up and returned to the citv. flhe exercises were at an end. The day and its events had passed into history. DEDICATION NOTES. St^JamesT**6 157 Pennsylvanians at the , + + + •A number of veterans will leave this morning on an excursion to the Stone river battlefield. atone + + + Just before the dedication exercises opened at Orchard Knob yesterday aftm- graphed Sreat asse,nhlage wusVoto- * t- 4. Lapt. J. M. Hawk of Petrolia P-i a veteran of the Seventy-eighth Pennsvi- ^ania infantry, is here attending the dedication ceremonies. Gapt. Hawk was in. r!c?°-e>atjT« ot Chickamauga and Mission , *e* He looks a man ot 40, and by no means like one would suppose a soldier ot nearly forty years ago* would appear gt? now il lead>ns business man of his . . + + + An admired object in the office of the ,fai?es IS tlle photograph of James Walkers great painting of "The BaTde of Lookout Mountain.” It was kindiv placed there by Secretary Goulding of , the Chamber of Commerce, to whom it ! Jwtongs. Many veterans have secured the address of the photographer to send tor copies for themselves. The original kew Fork. VUlUed at ^23’000’ aud « S Juveniles Honored. Yesterday at the dedication of the At !} tr nrT 7a AI -l vaJ‘iT monument, i-.aster II. Clay Miss ,ley,ea o years old, was elected member ot the -cavalry associa- tion. and was given the rank of major. P*1 V *t « / I * V . :•.;: ; • •, .. . . • •• •;:* ;.' ... • .*. ‘ ' • ..?••/*•• ■ *.:\.a • ;• ...... * _ • 4.,, ■..,«• ••! ••■■■*•• •** •*•>■•"•••>•"• , ,,, ,...... •" ...... 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