Criminal Justice Processes and Perspectives in a Changing W·Orld Top1c 2) on the Prov1s1onal Agenda of the Seventh Congress
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International Association of Penal Law International Society for Criminology International Society of Social Defence International Penal and Penitentiary Foundation contnbution to the SEVENTH UNITED NATIONS CONGRESS ON THE PREVENTION OF CRIME AND THE TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS Milan. August 26"'- September 6"'1985 Criminal Justice Processes and Perspectives in a Changing w·orld Top1c 2) on the prov1s1onal agenda of the Seventh Congress Documents submitted to the Milan International Congress (June 14'h-17'h 1983) organ1zed by the Ministry of Justice of Italy and the Centro Nazionale di Prevenzione e Difesa Sociale in cooperation with the Regione Lombardia and the Comune di Milano Edtfed by: Centro naz1onale di prevenz1one e d1fesa soc1ale Editor: Camilla Filippi Bookjacket: Eva D'Auria Bokor This Volume is published by the Centro Nazionale di Prevenzione e Difesa Sociale with the support of the International Penal and Penitentiary Foundation-IPPF 3 TABLE OF CONTE:NTS Foreword page 5 MESSAGE by Mr Sandra PERTINI Prestdent of the Republtc of Italy page 7 ADDRESS by Mrs. Leticia R. SHAHAN! Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs page 8 ADDRESS by M Erik HARREMOES, Director, Legal Affairs, Council of Europe page 11 ADDRESS by Mr. Virg1n10 ROGNONI Mmister of the Interior of Italy page 13 ADDRESS by Mr Clelio DARIDA Mmister of Justice of Italy page 16 GENERAL SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS ON THE CONGRESS TOPIC by Mr. P1etro NUVOLONE (Milan University) page 20 INTRODUCTORY ADDRESS by Mr. Minoru SHIKITA Executive Secretary of the Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders page 29 General Report of the INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PENAL LAW by Mr. Chenf BASSIOUNI (DePaul University) page 36 General Report of the INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR CRIMINOLOGY by J Albert REISS Jr. (Yale University) page 55 General Report of the INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SOCIAL DEFENCE by Mrs. M1reille DELMAS-MARTY (Paris-sud University) page 67 General Report of the INTERNATIONAL PENAL AND PENITENTIARY FOUNDATION by Mr. Fran(fOIS CLERC (Fribourg University) page 81 SUMMARY REPORT by Mr. G1an Domenico PISAPIA (Milan University) page 88 List of Participants page 5 FOREWORD The International Association of Penal Law, the International Society for Criminology, the International Society of Social Defence, the International Penal and Penitentiary Foundation convened in co-operation with the United Nations an International Congress in Milan, Italy, from 14th to 17th June 1983, at the invitation of the Ministry of Justice of Italy and of the Centro Nazionale di Prevenzione e Difesa Socia/e on occasion of celebra tion of its 35th anniversary. The focus of the discussion was on the Seventh United Nations Congress for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, particularly with reference to agenda item 2) «Criminal Justice Processes and Perspect ives in a changing World», with a view of making available the special expertise and scientific input of these Organizations in this area. The Milan Congress was attended by the members of the Board of Directors of the four Organizations active in the field of criminal sciences, from over fourty countries, by the representatives of the Ministry of the Interior and of the Ministry of Justice of Italy, by local authorities, members of the judiciary, over experts and scholars and representatives of the United Nations. These four Organizations have effectively co-operated with the United Nations in the field of crime prevention and criminal justice since the beginning and contributed significantly to its work especially in preparation and during the United Nations Congresses organizing special Colloquia and submitting reports on various agenda items. To further improve the planning and implementation of joint activities, the four Organizations have established an International Committee for Co ordination whose chairmanship rotates on a triennial basis among the four Organizations and whose Executive Secretary is dr. Adolfo Beria di Argentine, Secretary-General of the Centro Nazionale di Prevenzione e Difesa Sociale. The deliberations of the Milan Congress focused on the addresses delivered by Mrs. L.R. Shahani, Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs; Mr. E. Harre moes, Director, Legal Affairs, Council of Europe; Mr. V. Rognoni, Minister of the Interior of Italy; Mr. C. Darida, Minister of Justice of Italy; on the introductory reports by Mr. P. Nuvolone, Professor of penal Law, University of Milan and by Mr. M. Shikita, Executive Secretary of the Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders; and on the General Reports of professor C. Bassiouni for the International Association of Penal Law; professor A.J. Reiss jr. for the International Society for Criminology; professor M. De/mas-Marty for the 6 International Society of Social Defence; professor F. Clerc for the Internatio nal Penal and Penitentiary Foundation. The report synthetizing the discussions of the Congress was prepared by professor G.D. Pisapia These reports constitute a significant scientific and academic contribution to the next Congress by the aforesaid Organizations which is hereby presented to the United Nations in response to the recommendations of the General Assembly and of the Economic and Social Council of UNO, calling for increased international cooperation in the field of crime prevention and criminal justice. The works of the Milan Congress as contained in this volume are intended to enhance the scientific character of the preparatory work for the United Nations Seventh Congress and their publication represents a further contribution to the wider dissemination among the members of the international community of the principles and ideals pursued by these four important Organizations. Mino MARTINAZZOLI Giovanni SPADOLINI Minister of Justice of Italy Minister of Defence of Italy President of the Centro nazionale di prevenzione e difesa sociale Milan, March 1984 7 MESSAGE by Sandro PERTINI President of the Republic of Italy I have great pleasure in extending a very warm welcome from our nation, together with my own personal greetings, to the Delegates of the United Nations, of the International Agencies, Scientific Organizations and Foundations, and to the experts and practitioners, all of whom have come together in Milan for this important meeting of research and confrontation which represents the first step in the co-ordinated programme of work launched by the General Assembly of UNO and aimed at promoting the development of criminal justice, in harmony with the uninterrupted amelioration of moral, economic and social conditions. To act as host to this distinguished international meetmg, made possible by the excellent organizational efforts of the Centro nazionale di prevenzione e difesa sociale is a cause for well deserved satisfaction and interest by Italy, which is not solely due to its high and ancient tradition for research and civic endeavour in the field of penal and criminological studies. It further evidences that among us, as elsewhere, there have become manifest the severe risks of a tardy and inadequate adjustment of the penal system, as a whole, to a social reality that is deeply marked by tumultuous and unpredictable evolutive processes. Terrorism, drug abuse, organized crime, economic crime - simply to cite the pathological aspects of a complex situation which is not exclusively characterized by such negative features - have represented, and still represent, for the community, an equal number of crucial challenges, to which it is essential to furnish a new and sufficient response, in terms of substantive norms, procedural institutions, organ izational structures and systems of prevention, sanction and rehabilitation. Both technical men and public opinion at large are well aware that in a situation with communications and exchanges on a truly global scale, the response to the most insidious forms of a closely-knit supra-national organized criminality can only derive from absolute agreement on general principles and close co-ordination of practical measures, without which the endeavour will be fatally ineffective. Insofar as these problems are of equal concern to the whole international community, so much the more do the methods and targets indicated by the United Nations deserve to be elaborated in depth on the theoretical plane. Just such a laudable objective, now set itself by this Congress, deserves all the heart-felt and consistent support of national legislators, governments and judicial practitioners. These are the auspices that today, at the opening of the Congress, I desire to formulate for all its participants, and at the same time extend my sincere and cordial good wishes to you for the successful outcome of your work. 8 ADDRESS by Leticia R. SHAHANI United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs Mr. Chairman, Your Excellency, Presidents and Secretaries-General of the Inter national Association of Penal Law, the International Society for Criminology, the International Society of Social Defence and the International Penal and Penitentiary Foundation, distinguished experts and guests, Ladies and Gentlemen; It is always a special pleasure to visit this lovely and hospitable country and it is a particular honour and a great pleasure for me to address this International Congress devoted