Ethnopharmacological Properties and Medicinal Uses of Litsea Cubeba
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Agricultural Science"'S Division
Trans. Nat. Acad. Sci. & Tech. (Philippines) i 'of. 29 (No. 1) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE"'S DIVISION ASD-1 GUILD STRUCTURE IN MT. MAKILING FOREST RESERVE: ITS IMPLlCATIONSTOSILVICULTUREAND NATURALRFS>URCES MANAGEMENT Amelita C. Luna•· and Antonio F. Gascon2 'Office of the Coordinator for Research, Extensionan<l Linkages (OCREL) 21nstitutre of Renewable Natural Resources (lRNR) College of Forestry and Natural Resources (CFNR) University of the Philippines Los BaJlos, College, Laguna Tel:049 536 5305; Email: [email protected] The prqject research site was located in a matured secondary forest near Mudspring area in Mt. Maki ling Forest Reserve (MFR). The study revealed that a 4-ha permanent pJot in the MFR had a complex and diverse forest community composed of forest trees and palms belonging to 44 families, 126 genera and 179 species. The area has an average density of 192 tre.e/ha and average basal area was 43m3/ha. The highest diameter at breast height (dbh) is seen in Octomeles sumatrana. Ficus minahassae and Litsea garciae. Based on population structure, l 7% of the total number of trees were Celtis luzonica, fol lowed by Diplodiscus paniculatus and Chisocheton cumingianus (8 and 4%, respectively of the total population.) Based on canopy classes. C. luzonica was composed of 20%. !3% and 67% canopy, sub-canopy and understories, respectively. Based on mortalities, the higher values are noted for Caryota cumingii (45%), Macarunga bi'color (42%), Ficus mina.hassae (40%) and L. garciae (37%). D. panicu/atus and C. luzonica bave mortalities of 12% and 11 % respectively. To enhance succession in the area, it should be subjected to enrichment using the autogenic and allogenic succession principles where shade~ loving trees should be planted in the natural gaps while intolerant trees should be planted in the Chablis. -
Litsea Monopetala Lauraceae
Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Persoon Lauraceae LOCAL NAMES Burmese (ondon laukya); Hindi (maidalagadil,singran,bastuva,rapamba,muga,meda,kalmara,kavkawa); Indonesian (huru manuk); Malay (bangang); Nepali (kutmiro,soalu,ratmanti,kutmero); Thai (kathang) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Litsea monopetala is a small tree up to 18 m tall, bole straight to crooked, up to 60 cm in diameter, bark surface longitudinally fissured, dark greyish, inner bark brown mottled. Leaves alternate, 4.5-17 cm x 2.5-10 cm, blunt to acute, glabrous above, sparsely hairy below, midrib sunken above, with 6-13 pairs of secondary veins which are sunken above, tertiary venation scalariform, distinct below, petiole 1-2.5 cm long. Flowers in peduncled umbellules in short racemes, with (4-)6 tepals and 9- 12 stamens. Fruit oblong to ellipsoid, 0.7-1.2 cm long, seated on a small flat perianth cup. BIOLOGY Flower appears in March-April and fruit ripen in July-August. The fruits of L. monopetala are thought to be dispersed by bats. Agroforestry Database 4.0 (Orwa et al.2009) Page 1 of 5 Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Persoon Lauraceae ECOLOGY L. monopetala is locally common in mixed lowland and montane evergreen or semi-deciduous forest. BIOPHYSICAL LIMITS Altitude: Up to 1500 m. DOCUMENTED SPECIES DISTRIBUTION Native: China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand Exotic: Native range Exotic range The map above shows countries where the species has been planted. It does neither suggest that the species can be planted in every ecological zone within that country, nor that the species can not be planted in other countries than those depicted. -
The Following Carcinogenic Essential Oils Should Not Be Used In
Aromatherapy Undiluted- Safety and Ethics Copyright © Tony Burfield and Sylla Sheppard-Hanger (2005) [modified from a previous article “A Brief Safety Guidance on Essential Oils” written for IFA, Sept 2004]. Intro In the last 20 years aromatherapy has spread its influence to the household, toiletries and personal care areas: consumer products claiming to relax or invigorate our psyche’s have invaded our bathrooms, kitchen and living room areas. The numbers of therapists using essential oils in Europe and the USA has grown from a handful in the early 1980’s to thousands now worldwide. We have had time to add to our bank of knowledge on essential oils from reflecting on many decades of aromatherapeutic development and history, the collection of anecdotal information from practicing therapists, as well as from clinical & scientific investigations. We have also had enough time to consider the risks in employing essential oils in therapy. In the last twenty years, many more people have had accidents, been ‘burnt’, developed rashes, become allergic, and become sensitized to our beloved tools. Why is this? In this paper, we hope to shed light on this issue, clarify current safety findings, and discuss how Aromatherapists and those in the aromatherapy trade (suppliers, spas, etc.) can interpret this data for continued safe practice. After a refresher on current safety issues including carcinogenic and toxic oils, irritant and photo-toxic oils, we will look at allergens, oils without formal testing, pregnancy issues and medication interactions. We will address the increasing numbers of cases of sensitization and the effect of diluting essential oils. -
A Compilation and Analysis of Food Plants Utilization of Sri Lankan Butterfly Larvae (Papilionoidea)
MAJOR ARTICLE TAPROBANICA, ISSN 1800–427X. August, 2014. Vol. 06, No. 02: pp. 110–131, pls. 12, 13. © Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia & Taprobanica Private Limited, Homagama, Sri Lanka http://www.sljol.info/index.php/tapro A COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS OF FOOD PLANTS UTILIZATION OF SRI LANKAN BUTTERFLY LARVAE (PAPILIONOIDEA) Section Editors: Jeffrey Miller & James L. Reveal Submitted: 08 Dec. 2013, Accepted: 15 Mar. 2014 H. D. Jayasinghe1,2, S. S. Rajapaksha1, C. de Alwis1 1Butterfly Conservation Society of Sri Lanka, 762/A, Yatihena, Malwana, Sri Lanka 2 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Larval food plants (LFPs) of Sri Lankan butterflies are poorly documented in the historical literature and there is a great need to identify LFPs in conservation perspectives. Therefore, the current study was designed and carried out during the past decade. A list of LFPs for 207 butterfly species (Super family Papilionoidea) of Sri Lanka is presented based on local studies and includes 785 plant-butterfly combinations and 480 plant species. Many of these combinations are reported for the first time in Sri Lanka. The impact of introducing new plants on the dynamics of abundance and distribution of butterflies, the possibility of butterflies being pests on crops, and observations of LFPs of rare butterfly species, are discussed. This information is crucial for the conservation management of the butterfly fauna in Sri Lanka. Key words: conservation, crops, larval food plants (LFPs), pests, plant-butterfly combination. Introduction Butterflies go through complete metamorphosis 1949). As all herbivorous insects show some and have two stages of food consumtion. -
Five Hundred Plant Species in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java a Checklist Including Sundanese Names, Distribution and Use
Five hundred plant species in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java A checklist including Sundanese names, distribution and use Hari Priyadi Gen Takao Irma Rahmawati Bambang Supriyanto Wim Ikbal Nursal Ismail Rahman Five hundred plant species in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java A checklist including Sundanese names, distribution and use Hari Priyadi Gen Takao Irma Rahmawati Bambang Supriyanto Wim Ikbal Nursal Ismail Rahman © 2010 Center for International Forestry Research. All rights reserved. Printed in Indonesia ISBN: 978-602-8693-22-6 Priyadi, H., Takao, G., Rahmawati, I., Supriyanto, B., Ikbal Nursal, W. and Rahman, I. 2010 Five hundred plant species in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java: a checklist including Sundanese names, distribution and use. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Photo credit: Hari Priyadi Layout: Rahadian Danil CIFOR Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede Bogor Barat 16115 Indonesia T +62 (251) 8622-622 F +62 (251) 8622-100 E [email protected] www.cifor.cgiar.org Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) CIFOR advances human wellbeing, environmental conservation and equity by conducting research to inform policies and practices that affect forests in developing countries. CIFOR is one of 15 centres within the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). CIFOR’s headquarters are in Bogor, Indonesia. It also has offices in Asia, Africa and South America. | iii Contents Author biographies iv Background v How to use this guide vii Species checklist 1 Index of Sundanese names 159 Index of Latin names 166 References 179 iv | Author biographies Hari Priyadi is a research officer at CIFOR and a doctoral candidate funded by the Fonaso Erasmus Mundus programme of the European Union at Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. -
Collection and Evaluation of Under-Utilized Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Genetic Resources in Malaysia
J]RCAS International Symposium Series No. 3: 27-38 Session 1-3 27 Collection and Evaluation of Under-Utilized Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Genetic Resources in Malaysia WONG, Kai Choo' Abstract Fruit tree genetic resources in Malaysia consist of cultivated and wild species. The cul tivated fruit trees number more than 100 species of both indigenous and introduced species. Among these fruits, some are popular and are widely cultivated throughout the country while others are less known and grown in small localized areas. The latter are the under-utilized fruit species. Apart from these cultivated fruits, there is also in the Malaysian natural forest a diversity of wild fruit tree species which produce edible fruits but are relatively unknown and unutilized. Many of the under-utilized and unutilized fruit species are known to show economic potential. Collection and evaluation of some of these fruit tree genetic resources have been carried out. These materials are assessed for their potential as new fruit trees, as sources of rootstocks for grafting and also as sources of germplasm for breeding to improve the present cultivated fruit species. Some of these potential fruit tree species within the gen era Artocarpus, Baccaurea, Canarium, Dimocarpus, Dialium, Durio, Garcinia, Litsea, Mangif era, Nephelium, Sa/acca, and Syzygium are highlighted. Introduction Malaysian fruit tree genetic resources comprise both cultivated and wild species. There are more than 100 cultivated fruit species of both major and minor fruit crops. Each category includes indigenous as well as introduced species. The major cultivated fruit crops are well known and are commonly grown throughout the country. -
WIAD CONSERVATION a Handbook of Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity
WIAD CONSERVATION A Handbook of Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity WIAD CONSERVATION A Handbook of Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... 2 Ohu Map ...................................................................................................................................... 3 History of WIAD Conservation ...................................................................................................... 4 WIAD Legends .............................................................................................................................. 7 The Story of Julug and Tabalib ............................................................................................................... 7 Mou the Snake of A’at ........................................................................................................................... 8 The Place of Thunder ........................................................................................................................... 10 The Stone Mirror ................................................................................................................................. 11 The Weather Bird ................................................................................................................................ 12 The Story of Jelamanu Waterfall ......................................................................................................... -
Propagation, Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Profiles of Litsea Glutinosa (Lour.) C
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 23(2): 165‐171, 2014 (June) PROPAGATION, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILES OF LITSEA GLUTINOSA (LOUR.) C. B. ROBINSON TAHMINA HAQUE, MOHAMMAD ZASHIM UDDIN1, MIHIR LAL SAHA, MD. ABDUL MAZID2 AND MD. ABUL HASSAN Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka‐1000, Bangladesh Key words: Propagation, Antibacterial properties, Phytochemical profile, Litsea glutinosa Abstract The propagation, antibacterial activity and phytochemical profiles of Litsea glutinosa have been focused. Percentage of viable seed was 70 by tetrazolium‐ chloride staining technique, while germination rates were 75, 70, 55 and 20% in clay loam soil, clay loam: compost, compost and sand, respectively. Propagation of basal cutting in clay loam soil under the sun was faster than the apical stem cuttings. Both the ethanolic and water soluble extracts of the leaves and bark showed against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter intermedium, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. Phytochemical profiling of the bark of L. glutinosa showed the presence of a number of secondary metabolites including steroids and terpenoids. The isolated compounds from ethanolic bark extract (T‐1 and T‐3) were identified as stigmasterol and ‐sitosterol, respectively by comparing the 1H‐NMR data of the isolated compounds with that of the published data. Introduction Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Robinson is very important from economical, medicinal and conservation point of view. The plant has ethno‐medicinal uses in diarrhea, dysentery and rheumatism. It is also used as antispasmodic and in wound healing(1). The leaf extract also show antibacterial and cardiovascular activities(2, 3). The bark of this tree also used in the preparation of energy tonic(4). -
Insect Fauna Associated with Muga-Ecosystem in North East India and Ambrosia Beetle
Invasive Ambrosia Beetle Conference The Situation in California August 12 – 14, 2012 Meeting sponsored by: The Hofshi Foundation University of California, Riverside UC Center for Invasive Pest Research The Huntington Botanical Gardens The Los Angeles Arboretum Invasive Ambrosia Beetle Conference The Situation in California August 12 – 14, 2012 Session 6 Invasion Epidemiology INSECT FAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH MUGA-ECOSYSTEM IN NORTH EAST INDIA AND AMBROSIA BEETLE DR. RAJESH KUMAR CENTRAL MUGA, ERI RESEARCH & TRAINING INSTITUTE CENTRAL SILK BOARD MINISTRY OF TEXTILES, GOVT. OF INDIA Lahdoigarh – 785 700 Jorhat (ASSAM) EXPLORATION Central Muga Eri Sikkim Arunachal Pradesh Research and Training Institute, Meghalaya Jorhat - ASSAM 1200cm rainfall at Humidity : 85-100% some Temp: 25-32ºC places ASSAM Nagaland Tripura Mizoram Manipur FOUR TYPES OF SILLKWORMS IN NORTH EAST INDIA SILKWORMS AND HOST PLANTS Som, Persea bombycina Soalu , Litsea monopetala Antheraea assamensis Helfer Digloti, L. salicifolia Mejankri, L. citrata Antheraea pernyi Samia ricini Boisd. Castor, Ricinus communis) Tapioca , Manihot esculenta Oak, Quercus serrata, Kesseru, Heteropanax Q. dealbata fragrans Payam, Evodia fraxinifolia, Bombyx mori Linn. Barpat, Ailanthus grandis, A. excelsa A. altissima Mulberry, Morus spp. III instar I instar II instar IV instar V instar 22/03/2012 Rearing in the natural condition Collection of silkworms Collection of cocoons Traditionally called “Jali” (dried branches of Persea bombycina Kost) Harvested Cocoons Muga Silksworm Cocoons Muga Silksworm Femle moths tied on small branch of som plants for laying eggs Muga Silk – A. assamensis Eri Silk – Samia ricini PRELIMINARY STUDY Conducted at Farms of the Institute at Lahdoigarh, Jorhat and at farmers field of Sivasagar and Golaghat District of Assam on two host plants of Muga Silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer) Som (Persea bombycina Kost ) and Soalu (Litsea monopetala). -
Olfactometer Screening of Repellent Essential Oils Against the Pollen Beetle (Meligethes Spp.)
Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau Institut de recherche de l’agriculture biologique Research Institute of Organic Agriculture Istituto di ricerche dell’agricoltura biologica Instituto de investigaciones para la agricultura orgánica C. Daniel EXCELLENCE FOR SUSTAINABILITY Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse 21, CH-5070 Frick, Switzerland, [email protected] Olfactometer screening of repellent essential oils against the pollen beetle (Meligethes spp.). Odour 1 Odour 2 Air flow Introduction Organic agricultural methods to control pol- in spring. Non-host odors can have repellent len beetle (Meligethes spp.) are limited and effects on pollen beetles (Maucheline 2005). alternatives are needed. The beetles use olfac- We compared the repellent effects of 15 differ- tory cues to locate oilseed rape fields during immigration ent essential oils using a Y-tube-olfactometer. Material and methods Tested essential oils: � Y-tube-olfactometer described by Belz et al. 2013. � Cornmint (Mentha arvensis), � Essential oils diluted 1:10 in acetone; 40 µl applied on filter paper. � Orange (Citrus sinensis), � Filter papers + a flower cluster of oilseed rape were placed in the � Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens), odour containers of the olfactometer (control treatment: filter papers � Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), with acetone +flower). � Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), � Beetles were released individually into the olfactometer. � Fir needle (Abies sibirica), � The beetles’ choices were recorded. � Lemon (Citrus limon), � Six replicates with six beetles each were conducted. � Tea-tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), � Repellency values (RV) = nb of beetles on the untreated flower / total � Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), nb of beetles. � Star anise (Illicium verrum), � Wilcoxon signed rank test to test whether mean RV significantly differ- � Grapefruit white (Citrus paradisi), ent from 0.5. -
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of 34 Plant Essential Oils Against Alternaria Alternata
E3S Web o f Conferences 136, 06006 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20191360 6006 ICBTE 2019 In vitro antibacterial activity of 34 plant essential oils against Alternaria alternata Qiyu Lu1, Ji Liu2, Caihong Tu2, Juan Li3, Chunlong Lei3, Qiliang Guo2, Zhengzhou Zhang2, Wen Qin1* 1College of Food Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China 2Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China 3 Institute of Animal Science, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China Abstract. To determine the antibacterial effect of 34 plant essential oils on Alternaria alternata, 34 plant essential oils such as asarum essential oil, garlic essential oil, and mustard essential oil are used as inhibition agents to isolate A. alternata from citrus as indicator bacteria, through the bacteriostasis test and drug susceptibility test, the types of essential oils with the best inhibitory effect were screened and their concentration was determined. The results showed that the best inhibition effect was mustard essential oil with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250 μl/L and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 250 μl/L. Followed by the Litsea cubeba essential oil and basil oil, the minimum inhibitory concentration is 500 μl/L. 1 Introduction quality and safety. A. alternata is the main fungus causing post-harvest disease of Pitaya, and the Citrus is a general term for orange, mandarin, orange, antibacterial effect of using cinnamon oil and clove oil is kumquat, pomelo, and medlar. Citrus is the world's good [10]. Clove oil can effectively inhibit the growth of largest fruit, rich in sugar, organic acids, mineral A. -
The Litsea Genome and the Evolution of the Laurel Family
The Litsea genome and the evolution of the laurel family Chen et al 1 Supplementary Note 1. Sample preparation for Litsea cubeba genome sequencing For genome sequencing, we collected buds of L. cubeba. Genomic DNA was extracted using a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) protocol. For transcriptome analysis, we collected leaves, flowers, and roots from L. cubeba in Zhejiang Province, China, using a karyotype of 2n = 24 (Supplementary Figure 2a). Genome sizes can be determined from the total number of k-mers, divided by the peak value of the k-mer distribution1. To estimate the genome size of L. cubeba, we used a 350 bp pair-end library with 93.08 Gb high-quality reads to calculate the distribution of k-mer values, and found the main peak to be 54 (Supplementary Figure 2b). We estimated the L. cubeba genome size as 1370.14 Mbp, with a 1% heterozygosity rate and a 70.59% repeat sequence, based on an analysis of k-mer-numbers/depths. We used k-mer 41 to obtain a preliminary assembly of L. cubeba, with a scaffold N50 size of 776 bp and a corresponding contig N50 size of 591 bp. Supplementary Note 2. Whole genome duplication analysis in Laurales The KS peaks for WGDs in L. cubeba are both younger (smaller KS values) than the orthologous KS peak between L. cubeba and V. vinifera, implying that the two WGD events are specific to Magnoliids. To compare the WGD peaks of L. cubeba and the speciation events in the lineage of Magnoliids, we performed relative rate tests and corrected orthologous KS peaks between L.