Les Retransmissions Esportives Del Futbol I La Motogp

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Les Retransmissions Esportives Del Futbol I La Motogp Treball de Fi de Grau Les retransmissions esportives del futbol i la MotoGP Igone Garmendia Vila Modalitat: acadèmic Grau en Periodisme Tutor/a: Xavier Ginesta Portet Vic, 18 de maig de 2018 Paraules claus: Retransmissió, esport, futbol, MotoGP, audiència. 1 AGRAÏMENTS Es fa difícil mirar enrere i veure quanta gent hi ha darrera d’aquest projecte. En primer lloc, a les persones més incondicionals de la meva vida que, d’alguna manera o una altra, m’han ajudat en aquest projecte: els meus avis. El meu avi, en pau descansi, que va lluitar fins al final per a que sigués una gran persona amb uns bons estudis que em fessin sentir molt realitzada. La meva àvia, qui sense descans, està al meu costat en tot moment sense pensar en ningú més. Gràcies pel suport i el vostre amor incondicional. En segon lloc, als meus pares. La meva mare, que m’estima, m’anima i m’abraça cada cop que m'ensorro. I al meu pare, que em va donar el millor regal de la meva vida i per la qual lluito cada dia: la gran passió pel motociclisme. Al meu tutor d’aquest treball, en Xavier Ginesta. Sense ell, de cap de les maneres aquest treball s’hagués pogut realitzar. Gràcies per l’esforç, la complicitat, les ganes, l’ajuda i un gran conjunt de coses que has fet per mi. Per últim, però més rellevant, moltíssimes gràcies a totes aquelles persones que han aportat el seu gra de sorra per poder realitzar aquest projecte. En primer lloc, als periodistes Jordi Sunyer i Damià Aguilar. Gràcies per les entrevistes i per compartir el vostre temps, dels vostres respectius esports, amb mi. Gràcies també al Ramon Forcada i a la Maider Barthe, membres de l’equip Yamaha Factory Racing de MotoGP. Sense ells no hagués pogut ser possible accedir al paddock durant el Gran Premi de MotoGP de València per poder realitzar el treball de camp. Gràcies a Dorna Sports S.L., en especial a la Pilar Gancedo, qui molt amablement va accedir a explicar-me el que necessitava per realitzar aquest projecte. Gràcies per l’amabilitat, els detalls i la paciència. Gràcies a Mediapro per totes les dades porporcionades i altres documents que m’han ajudat a entendre una miqueta més el funcionament del futbol professional. Gràcies també a totes aquelles altres persones que no puc enumerar en aquestes línies: a tots aquells que han participat de les enquestes i a tots aquells que d’una forma directa o indirecta s’han preocupat pel meu Treball de Final de Grau. 2 SUMARI 1. Objectius del treball .......................................................................................................... pàg: 6 1.1. Justificació del treball ............................................................................................. pàg: 6 1.2. Metodologia i mostra............................................................................................... pàg: 6 2. El complex mediàtic esportiu. ......................................................................................... pàg: 8 2.1. Avantatges i desavantatges dels actors del complex mediàtic esportiu............ pàg: 9 2.1.1. Avantatges. .................................................................................................... pàg: 9 2.1.2. Desavantatges ............................................................................................. pàg: 11 2.2. El complex mediàtic esportiu global. Diferències ............................................. pàg: 12 3. L’evolució de les retransmissions esportives ............................................................. pàg: 14 3.1. Les retransmissions esportives com a gènere .................................................. pàg: 14 3.1. Quan van començar a generar interès? .............................................................. pàg: 14 3.2. L’evolució de les retransmissions esportives .................................................... pàg: 15 3.3. L’estructura narrativa de les retransmissions esportives ................................. pàg: 16 3.4. Les retransmissions esportives actuals de futbol i MotoGP ............................ pàg: 16 3.5. La importància de les OnBoard ........................................................................... pàg: 23 3.6. Les OnBoard .......................................................................................................... pàg: 23 4. Les competicions de motociclisme ............................................................................... pàg: 25 4.1. Què és la MotoGP i com es va iniciar? ................................................................ pàg: 25 4.2. Evolució dels constructors .................................................................................. pàg: 26 4.3. Els grans constructors de la MotoGP .................................................................. pàg: 28 5. Les audiències televisives del futbol i la MotoGP ........................................................ pàg: 30 5.1. Ingressos econòmics del futbol ........................................................................... pàg: 33 6. Dorna Sports S.L. Empresa i condicions ...................................................................... pàg: 35 6.1. MotoGP: Un esport que no tothom pot veure. Cobertura en tancat ................ pàg: 35 6.2. El cost d’un Gran Premi ....................................................................................... pàg: 36 6.3. El cost d’un Gran Premi ..........................................................................................pàg:38 3 7. Mediapro .......................................................................................................................... pàg: 39 8. Enquestes ........................................................................................................................ pàg: 40 9. Conclusions .................................................................................................................. .. pàg: 46 10. Bibliografia i webgrafia ........................................................................................... ..... pàg: 47 4 5 INTRODUCCIÓ 1. Objectius del treball En un món on l’esport és un dels principals agitadors de masses mundials, hem de saber què és allò que fa que l’esport arribi a tot arreu. En altres paraules, analitzar com les retransmissions esportives, al llarg dels anys, han anat entrant a les cases dels espectadors. En el cas espanyol, dos esports tenen l’hegemonia de la graella televisiva. Sobretot, el futbol; però no podem oblidar la importància que el mercat televisiu espanyol dona a la MotoGP. Així doncs, és important saber quins competidors han anat sorgint, en aquest cas del futbol i la MotoGP, i com s’han vist obligats aquests dos esports a innovar per tal de captar el major número d’audiència possible i ser pioners en les seves retransmissions. En aquest Treball de Final de Grau (TFG) es pretén dur a terme una comparativa audiovisual de les retransmissions de futbol i curses de MotoGP. Dos esports que, clarament, parteixen de diferents escenaris però que tots dos són força competitius en els seus respectius escenaris. A més a més, les innovacions tecnològiques que ambdós esports han patit, no tenen res a veure. No obstant això, l’objectiu també d’aquest treball és veure quin dels dos esports té millor qualitat i quines d’aquestes característiques que, de primer moment els diferencien, els podria afavorir. 1.1. Justificació del treball Es important remarcar quin concepte té l’audiència vers aquest tema i quina és la realitat. A més a més, a través d’aquest projecte es podrà saber quins són els punts forts que les dues grans empreses de les respectives indústries tenen i quins són els punts febles en relació a les retransmissions televisives. 1.2. Metodologia i mostra La realització d’aquest treball es durà a terme a partir de quatre eines de recerca principals, majoritàriament qualitatives malgrat que la triangulació que es presenta comptarà amb un element quantitatiu al final (enquestes): • Entrevistes. Part de les informacions extretes han sigut obtingudes gràcies als professionals que van accedir a realitzar entrevistes en profunditat. En aquestes entrevistes, trobem la col·laboració de diferents personalitats i entitats dels dos mons; des de periodistes fins grans empreses com Mediapro o Dorna Soprts S.L. Així doncs, la mostra de professionals s’ha obtingut a través d’una mostra tipològica determinada pel currículum dels professionals i la importància de les dues empreses en la gestió dels esdeveniments analitzats. 6 • Recerca bibliogràfica. En un tema tant extens com és el futbol, la recerca d’informació tant en xarxa com en llibres i altres documents, és una de les millors maneres per realitzar les funcions d’informació. Però per altra banda, en la MotoGP, el cas és una mica més diferent. Aquest esport és relativament nou i les informacions que volem trobar sobre un tema concret són encara una mica difícils. • Observació no participant. El seguiment de les curses i els partits de futbol ha sigut també una peça clau per poder realitzar aquest projecte. Prestant especial atenció a la realització de les curses i els partits de futbol, he pogut extreure bastantes conclusions que no apareixen en els llibres, en articles o en diaris especialitzats. El fet de poder comparar aquests dos esports entre sí fa pensar, mentre mires les curses o els partits, quines noves innovacions podrien ser aplicades. En aquest treball, hem fet dues observacions no participants, en dos esdeveniments esportius: ◦ Gran Premi Motul de la Comunitat Valenciana de MotoGP, al circuit Comunitat Valenciana
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