DOCSLIB.ORG

Advice to the Decision Making Committee 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

EPA advice on application APP202039 – determination on the new organism status of Agathis silbae, Agathis dammara, Agathis borneensis, Agathis kinabaluensis and Agathis atropurpurea February 2014 ADVICE TO THE DECISION MAKING COMMITTEE 2 EPA advice for application APP202039 Executive summary and recommendation Application APP202039, submitted by the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI), seeks a determination on the new organism status of five Agathis species (Agathis silbae, Agathis dammara, Agathis borneensis, Agathis kinabaluensis and Agathis atropurpurea). After reviewing the information, we recommend that the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Decision Making Committee determines that Agathis silbae, Agathis dammara, Agathis borneensis, Agathis kinabaluensis and Agathis atropurpurea are new organisms for the purposes of the HSNO Act. However, should new evidence be found regarding the new organism status of any of these organisms, new determinations can be sought. February 2014 3 EPA advice for application APP202039 Table of Contents Executive summary and recommendation ............................................................................................ 2 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................. 3 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4 2. Organism description................................................................................................................... 4 3. Summary and review of information ............................................................................................ 5 4. Evaluation against statutory criteria ............................................................................................ 7 5. Impact on international obligations .............................................................................................. 9 6. References .................................................................................................................................. 9 Appendix A .......................................................................................................................................... 11 February 2014 4 EPA advice for application APP202039 1. Introduction 1.1. The application from the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) (the applicant) was submitted under section 26 of the HSNO Act (the Act) to determine whether five species of Agathis (Agathis silbae, Agathis dammara, Agathis borneensis, Agathis kinabaluensis and Agathis atropurpurea) are new organisms for the purposes of the Act. 1.2. The applicant provided information in regards to the presence of the five Agathis species in New Zealand. We have evaluated this and other readily sourced information against the legislative criteria for determining whether the five Agathis species are new organisms. 2. Organism description 2.1. The genus Agathis includes the New Zealand Kauri Agathis australis. Members of this genus are evergreen conifers predominantly found in tropical and sub-tropical rainforests found in Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, the Phillipines, Melanesia, Australia and New Zealand (Waters 2005; Earle 2011). 2.2. The five Agathis species that are the subject of this determination are summarised in Table 1. Table 1: Species that are the subject of this determination1 Species Common name Native to: Agathis silbae de Laub. Santo Kauri Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo) Agathis dammara (Lamb.) Rich. & A. Borneo kauri Philippines, Indonesia Rich. Sumatra, Borneo and the Agathis borneensis Warb. Dammar minyak Malay peninsula Agathis kinabaluensis de Laub. Kinabalu kauri Malaysia Agathis atropurpurea B. Hyland Blue kauri Australia 1 Additional information sourced from Earle (2011) and Roskov et al (2014). February 2014 5 EPA advice for application APP202039 3. Summary and review of information Agathis silbae Identification of Agathis silbae 3.1. The applicant noted that there has been speculation about whether Agathis silbae is a synonym for Agathis macrophylla (Pacific kauri) which is a species listed on the Plant Biosecurity Index (PBI) - a MPI database of organisms allowed to be imported into New Zealand. However, the applicant notes that certain scientific authorities recognise Agathis silbae as a species in its own right and that the applicant considers it is a separate species. 3.2. A review of the current scientific opinion regarding this issue is as follows. 3.3. ‘An Atlas of the World’s Conifers: an analysis of their distribution, biogeography, diversity and conservation status’ is a 2013 reference book written by Aljos Farjon (Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and long-time Chair of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)’s Conifer Specialist Group) and Denis Filer (Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford). In this book it is stated that Agathis silbae “is a relatively unknown but distinct species (the distinction, as with most species of this difficult genus, is in the morphology of the pollen cones) occurring on Espiritu Santo, the largest island of Vanuatu.” 3.4. ‘Traditional Trees of Pacific Islands: Their Culture, Environment, and Use’ is a 2006 reference book describing 80 important Pacific Island trees. In a section on Agathus macrophylla written by Dr Lex A. J. Thomson (South Pacific Regional Initiative of Forest Genetic Resources (SPRIG) Project, SPC Forestry Program, Suva, Fiji), it is acknowledged that Agathis silbae is a similar species to Agathis macrophylla but Agathis silbae is not listed as synonym for Agathis macrophylla (Agathis obtusa and Agathis vitiensis are listed). 3.5. In the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, it is stated that Agathis silbae has previously been misidentified as Agathis macrophylla (Thomas, 2013). 3.6. Agathis silbae is also listed as a separate species in a number of internationally recognised databases including; The Conifer Database - a taxonomic and specimen database of all 619 species of conifers in the world based on herbarium specimens from many herbaria (Farjon, 2013); The International Plant Names Index - a database of the names and associated basic bibliographical details of seed plants, ferns and lycophytes that is the product of a February 2014 6 EPA advice for application APP202039 collaboration between The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, The Harvard University Herbaria, and the Australian National Herbarium (The International Plant Names Index, 2012); The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families - a Kew Royal Botanic Gardens database (WCSP 2014); and The Missouri Botanic Garden database (Tropicos.org, 2014). 3.7. Therefore we consider that based on the currently available evidence, Agathis silbae is a distinct species and it is not a synonym of Agathis macrophylla. We evaluated the evidence regarding Agathis silbae for this determination. Evidence 3.8. To summarise the evidence provided by the applicant; Agathis silbae is not listed on the PBI; Agathis silbae is not listed on the Landcare Research New Zealand Flora database; Agathis silbae has been found in private gardens and the Auckland Botanical Gardens; however, the applicant considers these organisms arrived in New Zealand after 29 July 1998; There are records in Scion’s tissue culture collection of an Agathis silbae culture from a sample supplied in 2006; and As Agathis silbae was listed in an unsuccessful release application submitted in 2001 (application number NOR00002, ERMA New Zealand, 2001), the applicant considers this means the expert applicants of application NOR00002 considered this species to be absent from New Zealand (and thus required a release approval). Agathis dammara, Agathis borneensis and Agathis kinabaluensis Evidence 3.9. To summarise the evidence provided by the applicant; Agathis dammara, Agathis borneensis and Agathis kinabaluensis are not listed on the PBI; Agathis dammara, Agathis borneensis and Agathis kinabaluensis are not listed on the Landcare Research New Zealand Flora database; There is anecdotal evidence that Agathis seeds from Malaysia were imported prior to July 29 1998. However, the applicant considers that it is not clear which species were imported; Plants purported to be Agathis dammara, Agathis borneensis and Agathis kinabaluensis are growing in private gardens and the Auckland Botanical Gardens. However, the applicant considers the origins of these plants and when they entered New Zealand is unclear, as is the formal identification of these organisms; and There are herbaria records of Agathis dammara, Agathis borneensis and Agathis kinabaluensis from specimens submitted in 2006 and 2007. However the provenance of these specimens and whether formal species identification has been undertaken is unclear. February 2014 7 EPA advice for application APP202039 Agathis atropurpurea Evidence 3.10. To summarise the evidence provided by the applicant; Agathis atropurpurea is not listed on the PBI; Agathis atropurpurea is not listed on the Landcare Research New Zealand Flora database; and There is anecdotal evidence of the presence of Agathis atropurpurea in New Zealand including a sample held in Scion’s National Forestry Herbarium collected in 2008. However, the applicant considers it is not clear if these trees entered New Zealand prior to July 29 1998 or if they were imported legally. The applicant also considers it is not clear whether these plants
Recommended publications
  • Health and the Environment Journal, 2016, Vol. 7 No. 1

    Health and the Environment Journal, 2016, Vol. 7 No. 1

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository@USM Nurraihana et al. 2016 pp 59-76 Health and the Environment Journal, 2016, Vol. 7 No. 1 Ethnomedical Survey of Aborigines Medicinal Plants in Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia Nurraihana, H.a, Norfarizan-Hanoon, N. A.a* Hasmah, A.a, Norsuhana, A. H.b and Fatan, H. Y.b aSchool of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan. bSchool of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang. *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The practice of herbal medicine had been diminishing, which may lead to the loss of valuable information about healing herbs. Therefore, an ethnomedical analysis was carried out in order to document the traditional medicinal uses of plants, which are commonly used among the Kelantanese Aborigines. A detailed systematic exploration of traditional ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants of rural area in Kelantan was carried out mainly through interviews among aboriginal households (house-to-house interviews) and traditional healers. A total of 46 species was identified as having potential medicinal efficacy in curing different diseases and illnesses. Findings from this study can be used as a pharmacological basis in selecting plants for further phytochemical and pharmaceutical-nutrition studies. Keywords: Ethnomedical, medicinal plants, Kelantanese aborigines. Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) had reported that 80% of populations in some Asian and African countries still depend on traditional medicine for primary health care (Lai et al., 2010; Samuel et al., 2010). Traditionally, local communities worldwide are very knowledgeable about local plants and other natural resources (Martin, 1995).
  • Agathis Macrophylla Araucariaceae (Lindley) Masters

    Agathis Macrophylla Araucariaceae (Lindley) Masters

    Agathis macrophylla (Lindley) Masters Araucariaceae LOCAL NAMES English (pacific kauri); Fijian (da‘ua,dakua dina,makadri,makadre,takua makadre,dakua,dakua makadre) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Agathis macrophylla is a tall tree typically to about 30–40 m tall, 3 m in bole diameter, with a broad canopy of up to 36 m diameter. Branches may be erect to horizontal and massive. Mature specimens have wide, spreading root systems whereas seedlings and young specimens have a vigorous taproot with one or more whorls of lateral roots. Leaves simple, entire, elliptic to lanceolate, leathery, and dark green, and shiny above and often glaucous below; about 7–15 cm long and 2–3.5 cm wide, with many close inconspicuous parallel veins. The leaves taper to a more or less pointed tip, rounded at the base, with the margins curved down at the edge. Petioles short, from almost sessile up to 5 mm long. Cones egg-shaped at the end of the first year, about 5 cm long, and 3 cm in diameter, more or less round at the end of the second year, 8–10 cm in diameter. Female cones much larger than males, globular, on thick woody stalks, green, slightly glaucous, turning brownish during ripening. Seeds brown, small, ovoid to globose, flattened, winged, and attached to a triangular cone scale about 2.5 cm across. BIOLOGY Pacific kauri is monoecious and produces cones instead of flowers. The first female cones begin to be produced at about 10 years old and take up to 2 years to mature (more often in 12-15 months).
  • A Study in Ecological Economics

    A Study in Ecological Economics

    The Process of Forest Conservation in Vanuatu: A Study in Ecological Economics Luca Tacconi December 1995 A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of New South Wales I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my . knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of a university or other institute of higher ·learning, except where due acknowledgment is made in the text of the thesis. Luca Tacconi School of Economics and Management University College The University of New South Wales 22 December 1995 With love to my parents Alfi.o and Leda (Con affetto dedico questa tesi ai miei genitori Alfio e Leda) IV Abstract The objective of this thesis is to develop an ecological economic framework for the assessment and establishment of protected areas (PAs) that are aimed at conserving forests and biodiversity. The framework is intended to be both rigorous and relevant to the decision-making process. Constructivism is adopted as the paradigm guiding the research process of the thesis, after firstly examining also positivist philosophy and 'post-normal' scientific methodology. The tenets of both ecological and environmental economics are then discussed. An expanded model of human behaviour, which includes facets derived from institutional economics and socioeconomics as well as aspects of neoclassical economics, is outlined. The framework is further developed by considering, from a contractarian view point, the implications of intergenerational equity for biodiversity conservation policies.
  • Republic of Fiji: the State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources

    Republic of Fiji: the State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources

    REPUBLIC OF FIJI This country report is prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, The Report on the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources. The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given by FAO in the document Guidelines for Preparation of Country Reports for the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources (2010). These guidelines set out recommendations for the objective, scope and structure of the country reports. Countries were requested to consider the current state of knowledge of forest genetic diversity, including: Between and within species diversity List of priority species; their roles and values and importance List of threatened/endangered species Threats, opportunities and challenges for the conservation, use and development of forest genetic resources These reports were submitted to FAO as official government documents. The report is presented on www. fao.org/documents as supportive and contextual information to be used in conjunction with other documentation on world forest genetic resources. The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO may not be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained in this report. STATE OF THE FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES IN FIJI Department of Forests Ministry of Fisheries and Forests for The Republic of Fiji Islands and the Secreatriat of Pacific Communities (SPC) State of the Forest Genetic Resources in Fiji _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents Executve Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 5 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 6 Chapter 1: The Current State of the Forest Genetic Resources in Fiji ………………………………………………………………….…….
  • Ecology and Distribution of the Malesian Podocarps Neal J

    Ecology and Distribution of the Malesian Podocarps Neal J

    4 Ecology and Distribution of the Malesian Podocarps Neal J. Enright and Tanguy Jaffré ABSTRACT. Podocarp species and genus richness is higher in the Malesian region than anywhere else on earth, with maximum genus richness in New Guinea and New Caledo- nia and maximum species richness in New Guinea and Borneo. Members of the Podo- carpaceae occur across the whole geographic and altitudinal range occupied by forests and shrublands in the region. There is a strong tendency for podocarp dominance of vegetation to be restricted either to high- altitude sites close to the limit of tree growth or to other sites that might restrict plant growth in terms of water relations and nutri- ent supply (e.g., skeletal soils on steep slopes and ridges, heath forests, ultramafic parent material). Although some species are widespread in lowland forests, they are generally present at very low density, raising questions concerning their regeneration ecology and competitive ability relative to co- occurring angiosperm tree species. A number of species in the region are narrowly distributed, being restricted to single islands or mountain tops, and are of conservation concern. Our current understanding of the distribution and ecology of Malesian podocarps is reviewed in this chapter, and areas for further research are identified. INTRODUCTION The Malesian region has the highest diversity of southern conifers (i.e., Podocarpaceae and Araucariaceae) in the world (Enright and Hill, 1995). It is a large and heterogeneous area, circumscribing tropical and subtropical lowland to montane forest (and some shrubland) assemblages, extending from Tonga in Neal J. Enright, School of Environmental Science, the east to India in the west and from the subtropical forests of eastern Australia Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Austra- in the south to Taiwan and Nepal in the north (Figure 4.1).
  • Summary Report on Forests of the Mataqali Nadicake Kilaka, Kubulau District, Bua, Vanua Levu

    Summary Report on Forests of the Mataqali Nadicake Kilaka, Kubulau District, Bua, Vanua Levu

    SUMMARY REPORT ON FORESTS OF THE MATAQALI NADICAKE KILAKA, KUBULAU DISTRICT, BUA, VANUA LEVU By Gunnar Keppel (Biology Department, University of the South Pacific) INTRODUCTION I was approached by Dr. David Olson of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) to assess the type, status and quality of the forest in Kubulau District, Bua, Vanua Levu. I initially spent 2 days, Friday (28/10/2005) afternoon and the whole of Saturday (29/10/2005), in Kubulau district. This invitation was the result of interest by some landowning family clans (mataqali) to protect part of their land and the offer by WCS to assist in reserving part of their land for conservation purposes. On Friday I visited two forest patches (one logged about 40 years ago and another old-growth) near the coast and Saturday walking through the forests in the center of the district. Because of the scarcity of data obtained (and because the forest appeared suitable for my PhD research), I decided to return to the district for a more detailed survey of the northernmost forests of Kubulau district from Saturday (12/11/2005) to Tuesday (22/11/2005). Upon returning, I found out that the mataqali Nadicake Nadi had abandoned plans to set up a reserve and initiated steps to log their forests. Therefore, I decided to focus my research on the land of the mataqali Nadicake Kilaka only. My objectives were the following: 1) to determine the types of vegetation present 2) to produce a checklist of the flora and, through this list, identify rare and threatened species in the reserve 3) to undertake a quantitative survey of the northernmost forests (lowland tropical rain forest) by setting up 4 permanent 50 ×50m plots 4) to assess the status of the forests 5) to determine the state and suitability of the proposed reserve 6) to assess possible threats to the proposed reserve.
  • Chemical Composition of the Resin Essential Oil from Agathis

    Chemical Composition of the Resin Essential Oil from Agathis

    American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products 2016; 4(4): 04-05 ISSN: 2321 9114 AJEONP 2016; 4(4): 04-05 Chemical composition of the resin essential oil from © 2016 AkiNik Publications Received: 02-08-2016 Agathis atropurpurea from North Queensland, Accepted: 03-09-2016 Australia Matthew S Garrison Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Matthew S Garrison, Anthony K Irvine and William N Setzer Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA Anthony K Irvine Abstract CSIRO Tropical Forest Research The volatile materials from the resin of Agathis atropurpurea were obtained by hydrodistillation and Centre, Atherton, Queensland, analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 17 compounds were identified in the Australia distilled oils accounting for 98.1-99.6% of the compositions. The oils were dominated by limonene (89.8- 97.4%) and were devoid of diterpenoids. William N Setzer Department of Chemistry, Keywords: Essential oil composition, Agathis atropurpurea, Araucariaceae, limonene University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA 1. Introduction The genus Agathis (Araucariaceae) is made up of a least 13 species found in Malesia, Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific islands [1,2]. Agathis atropurpurea B. Hyland (Queensland kauri pine) is endemic to northeast Queensland, and is found in mountain rainforest ranging from around 16º25ʹS south to around 17º23ʹS, at an altitudinal range of 750- [2] 1500 m . The resin from A. atropurpurea oozes profusely from wounds on the tree trunk and is used by Australian Aborigines to start fires. In this work, we present the composition of the volatiles obtained by hydrodistillation of the resin from A.
  • Table 7: Species Changing IUCN Red List Status (2012-2013)

    Table 7: Species Changing IUCN Red List Status (2012-2013)

    IUCN Red List version 2013.2: Table 7 Last Updated: 25 November 2013 Table 7: Species changing IUCN Red List Status (2012-2013) Published listings of a species' status may change for a variety of reasons (genuine improvement or deterioration in status; new information being available that was not known at the time of the previous assessment; taxonomic changes; corrections to mistakes made in previous assessments, etc. To help Red List users interpret the changes between the Red List updates, a summary of species that have changed category between 2012 (IUCN Red List version 2012.2) and 2013 (IUCN Red List version 2013.2) and the reasons for these changes is provided in the table below. IUCN Red List Categories: EX - Extinct, EW - Extinct in the Wild, CR - Critically Endangered, EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable, LR/cd - Lower Risk/conservation dependent, NT - Near Threatened (includes LR/nt - Lower Risk/near threatened), DD - Data Deficient, LC - Least Concern (includes LR/lc - Lower Risk, least concern). Reasons for change: G - Genuine status change (genuine improvement or deterioration in the species' status); N - Non-genuine status change (i.e., status changes due to new information, improved knowledge of the criteria, incorrect data used previously, taxonomic revision, etc.) IUCN Red List IUCN Red Reason for Red List Scientific name Common name (2012) List (2013) change version Category Category MAMMALS Nycticebus javanicus Javan Slow Loris EN CR N 2013.2 Okapia johnstoni Okapi NT EN N 2013.2 Pteropus niger Greater Mascarene Flying
  • Protected Area Assessment and Establishment in Vanuatu

    Protected Area Assessment and Establishment in Vanuatu

    Protected Area Assessment and Establishment in Vanuatu The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (AClAR) was estab­ lished in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collabo­ rative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has a special research competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimi­ nation against and product by the Centre. I, ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR. or material deemed relevant to ACIAR's research objectives. The series is distributed internationally. with an emphasis on developing Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. Tacconi. L. and Bennett, J., ed. 1997. Protected area assessment and establish­ ment in Vanuatu: a socioeconomic approach. ACIAR Monograph No 38, x + 180p. ISBN 1 86320 178 5 Pre-press production by Arawang Information Bureau Pty Ltd, Canberra, Australia. Protected Area Assessment and Establishment in Vanuatu: a Socioeconomic Approach Editors: Luca Tacconi and Jeff Bennett Canberra 1997 Foreword In recent years, the focus of agricultural research and development targeted at improving poverty alleviation and food security has gradually broadened to also include concerns for conservation of natural resources, efficiency in resource use, and inter and intragenerational equity. However, no single theoretical framework is currently available that can be used to fully address all these objectives simultane­ ously and at the same time ensure that the research carried out is both relevant and has an impact on the decision-making process-a process which is particularly dif­ ficult in the presence of imperfect or inadequate information.
  • Global Variation in the Thermal Tolerances of Plants

    Global Variation in the Thermal Tolerances of Plants

    Global variation in the thermal tolerances of plants Lesley T. Lancaster1* and Aelys M. Humphreys2,3 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA (2020) 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-4835 2Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. 3Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2515-6509 * Corresponding author: [email protected] Significance Statement Knowledge of how thermal tolerances are distributed across major clades and biogeographic regions is important for understanding biome formation and climate change responses. However, most research has concentrated on animals, and we lack equivalent knowledge for other organisms. Here we compile global data on heat and cold tolerances of plants, showing that many, but not all, broad-scale patterns known from animals are also true for plants. Importantly, failing to account simultaneously for influences of local environments, and evolutionary and biogeographic histories, can mislead conclusions about underlying drivers. Our study unravels how and why plant cold and heat tolerances vary globally, and highlights that all plants, particularly at mid-to-high latitudes and in their non-hardened state, are vulnerable to ongoing climate change. Abstract Thermal macrophysiology is an established research field that has led to well-described patterns in the global structuring of climate adaptation and risk. However, since it was developed primarily in animals we lack information on how general these patterns are across organisms. This is alarming if we are to understand how thermal tolerances are distributed globally, improve predictions of climate change, and mitigate effects.
  • The Evolution of Cavitation Resistance in Conifers Maximilian Larter

    The Evolution of Cavitation Resistance in Conifers Maximilian Larter

    The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers Maximilian Larter To cite this version: Maximilian Larter. The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers. Bioclimatology. Univer- sit´ede Bordeaux, 2016. English. <NNT : 2016BORD0103>. <tel-01375936> HAL Id: tel-01375936 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01375936 Submitted on 3 Oct 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE DE BORDEAUX Spécialité : Ecologie évolutive, fonctionnelle et des communautés Ecole doctorale: Sciences et Environnements Evolution de la résistance à la cavitation chez les conifères The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers Maximilian LARTER Directeur : Sylvain DELZON (DR INRA) Co-Directeur : Jean-Christophe DOMEC (Professeur, BSA) Soutenue le 22/07/2016 Devant le jury composé de : Rapporteurs : Mme Amy ZANNE, Prof., George Washington University Mr Jordi MARTINEZ VILALTA, Prof., Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Examinateurs : Mme Lisa WINGATE, CR INRA, UMR ISPA, Bordeaux Mr Jérôme CHAVE, DR CNRS, UMR EDB, Toulouse i ii Abstract Title: The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers Abstract Forests worldwide are at increased risk of widespread mortality due to intense drought under current and future climate change.
  • Final Report Prepared by WWF-Australia, Sydney NSW Cover Image: © Stephanie Todd / JCU / WWF-Aus a WWF-Australia Production

    Final Report Prepared by WWF-Australia, Sydney NSW Cover Image: © Stephanie Todd / JCU / WWF-Aus a WWF-Australia Production

    1 Contents .............................................................................................. 2 Executive Summary ............................................................................ 4 Introduction ...................................................................................... 12 Objective 1. Estimate the current population status, distribution and habitat use of the northern bettong ................................................... 16 a) Population Status .................................................................................................................. 16 b) Population distribution ........................................................................................................ 24 c) Non-invasive conservation genetics ...................................................................................... 37 Objective 2. Assess the significance of the northern bettong's role in ecosystem function ........................................................................... 44 Objective 3. Develop appropriate fire management regimes for the northern bettong ............................................................................... 47 Key points ........................................................................................ 50 Discussion ......................................................................................... 52 Recommendations ............................................................................ 57 Publications .....................................................................................