Unit 10 Lubricating Systems
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Hydraulic Pumps, Motors and Accessories
Hydraulic pumps, motors and accessories The solution for all your hydraulic needs Content Sunfab history 3 Product overview 4 Pumps fixed single flow 6 Pumps fixed dual flow 12 Pumps variable flow 18 Motors fixed 20 Accessories 26 Development 30 Production 31 Our service features 32 Environment and Quality Assurance 33 Global presence 34 2 Our successes continue and we have only just started Sunfab develops, produces and sells components to operate hydraulic equipment within the area of mobile vehicles. The company Sunfab can trace its roots back to Sundins Fa- laid the foundation for the future successes of the new com- briker, a family company that was established as long ago pany, Sunfab. as 1925 and, for many years, was a successful manufacturer These days, Sunfab Hydraulics AB supplies companies with of skis. A fleet of vehicles ensured reliable transportation of some of the world’s most sophisticated products in its niche raw materials to the factory. Heavy, irrational loading and un- market. Products that meet stringent quality, environmen- loading gave Eric Sundin, the founder of the company, the tal and safety requirements and offer functional solutions. incentive required to develop cranes for the vehicles. We are just embarking on a long and successful journey of The first crane was built in 1947 by HIAB, a separate com- development. pany. As time went on, demands increased for greater capacity and, in 1954, a hydraulic pump was developed that 3 Product overview SAP 012-108 DIN SAP 084, 108 DIN SAP 084, 108 DIN SAPT 090, 130 DIN Single fl ow pumps Optimised Optimised for injector Sunfab is your supplier of a wide range of hydraulic pumps. -
Mobile Robot Controlling Possibilities of Inertial Navigation System
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 149 ( 2016 ) 404 – 413 International Conference on Manufacturing Engineering and Materials, ICMEM 2016, 6-10 June 2016, Nový Smokovec, Slovakia Mobile robot controlling possibilities of inertial navigation system Mohammad Emal Qazizadaa – Elena Pivarčiováa* aTechnical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Environmental and Manufacturing Technology, Department of Machinery Control and Automation Technology, Masarykova 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia Abstract The paper explain analysis of inertial navigation system and accelerometric, gyroscopic sensors and describe possibilities of their application for inertial navigation of mobile robot. Such controlling system allows to monitor exact position of robot. These information can be applied for robot controlling, its autonomous control or its tracking. Inertial navigation is completely autonomous and independent from surroundings, i.e. the system is resistant from external influences as magnetic disturbances, electronically disturbance, signal deformation, etc. For mobile robots to be successful, they have to move safely in environments populated and dynamic. While recent research has led to a variety of localization methods that can track robots well in static environments, we still lack methods that can robustly localize mobile robots in dynamic environments. © 2016 The The Authors. Authors. Published Published by Elsevierby Elsevier B.V. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license Peer-re(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/view under responsibility of the organizing committee). of ICMEM 2016 Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICMEM 2016 Keywords: inertial navigation system, robots, gyroscop, accelerometer 1. Introduction Inertial navigation is a self-contained navigation technique in which measurements provided by accelerometers and gyroscopes are used to track the position and orientation of an object relative to a known starting point, orientation and velocity. -
Water-Based Lubricants: Development, Properties, and Performances
lubricants Review Water-Based Lubricants: Development, Properties, and Performances Md Hafizur Rahman 1, Haley Warneke 1, Haley Webbert 1, Joaquin Rodriguez 1, Ethan Austin 1, Keli Tokunaga 1, Dipen Kumar Rajak 2 and Pradeep L. Menezes 1,* 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA; mdhafi[email protected] (M.H.R.); [email protected] (H.W.); [email protected] (H.W.); [email protected] (J.R.); [email protected] (E.A.); [email protected] (K.T.) 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sandip Institute of Technology & Research Centre, Nashik 422213, India; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Water-based lubricants (WBLs) have been at the forefront of recent research, due to the abundant availability of water at a low cost. However, in metallic tribo-systems, WBLs often exhibit poor performance compared to petroleum-based lubricants. Research and development indicate that nano-additives improve the lubrication performance of water. Some of these additives could be categorized as solid nanoparticles, ionic liquids, and bio-based oils. These additives improve the tribological properties and help to reduce friction, wear, and corrosion. This review explored different water-based lubricant additives and summarized their properties and performances. Viscosity, density, wettability, and solubility are discussed to determine the viability of using water-based nano-lubricants compared to petroleum-based lubricants for reducing friction and wear in machining. Water-based liquid lubricants also have environmental benefits over petroleum-based lubricants. Further research is needed to understand and optimize water-based lubrication for tribological systems completely. -
Calculation of the Hydrodynamic Lubrication of Piston and Piston Rings in Refrigeration Compressors H
Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 1974 Calculation of the Hydrodynamic Lubrication of Piston and Piston Rings in Refrigeration Compressors H. Kruse Technical University Hannover Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/icec Kruse, H., "Calculation of the Hydrodynamic Lubrication of Piston and Piston Rings in Refrigeration Compressors" (1974). International Compressor Engineering Conference. Paper 101. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/icec/101 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Complete proceedings may be acquired in print and on CD-ROM directly from the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories at https://engineering.purdue.edu/ Herrick/Events/orderlit.html CALCULATION OF THE HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION OF PISTON AND PISTON RINGS IN REFRIGERATION COMPRESSORS Dr. H. Kruse, Professor of Refrigeration Engineering Technical University Hannover I Germany 1. INTRODUCTION The calculation of the lubricating condi refrigeration compressors,the pistons of tions of a piston is, compared with a slid which'can be more lubricated in comparison ing bearing,much more difficult,because the to internal cqmbustion engines, because configuration of the oil film and the operat at least with oil soluble refrigerants the ing conditions are much more complicated. lubricating oil is not lost, but is circu Whereas the profile of the oil film in jour lated back'into the compressor, In spite of nal bearings can be described by eccentric the assumption of fluid friction, the com circles, that of a piston is essentially of plexity of the problem has led to the situ a more complicated form (Fig.1), ation where h¥drodynamic calculations for oistons (4) lS), and piston rings (6),(7), {a),(9),(1oJ,have been made almost exclu sive~y separately. -
Engineering Fit: Optimizing Design for Functional 3D Printed Assemblies
FORMLABS WHITE PAPER: Engineering Fit: Optimizing Design for Functional 3D Printed Assemblies Tolerance and fit are essential concepts that engineers use to optimize the functionality of mechanical assemblies and the cost of production. Formlabs extensively studies the accuracy of our materials and works to maximize repeatability between prints and across printers. The data and best practices in this white paper can help Form 2 users to design functional assemblies that work as intended, with the least amount of post-processing or trial-and-error. May 2017 Table of Contents Value of Tolerances in 3D Printing . 3 Fit Selection. 4 Measuring and Applying Tolerance. 6 Friction. 9 Lubrication . 11 Bonded Components. .11 Machining Printed Parts . 12 Conclusion . .13 FORMLABS WHITE PAPER: Engineering Fit: Optimizing Design for Functional 3D Printed Assemblies 2 Value of Tolerances in 3D Printing In traditional machining, tighter tolerances are exponentially related to increased cost. Tighter tolerances require additional and slower machining steps than wider tolerances. Machined parts are designed with the widest tolerances allowable for a given application. Unlike machining, where parts are progressively refined to tighter tolerances, stereolithography (SLA) has a single automated production phase. Proper dimensional tolerancing lowers post-processing time and ease of assembly, and reduces the material cost of iteration. Improper tolerances for a particular material can also result in broken parts, especially for press-fit components in brittle materials. With larger assemblies, or when producing multiples of something, proper dimensional tolerancing quickly becomes worthwhile. Basic Size Hole Shaft Tolerance is the predicted range of possible dimensions for parts at the time of manufacture. -
Considerations for Determining the Coefficient of Inertia Masses for A
sensors Article Considerations for Determining the Coefficient of Inertia Masses for a Tracked Vehicle 1 1 1 2, Octavian Alexa , Iulian Coropet, chi , Alexandru Vasile , Ionica Oncioiu * 1 and Lucian S, tefănit, ă Grigore 1 Military Technical Academy “FERDINAND I”, 39-49 George Cos, buc Av., 050141 Bucharest, Romania; [email protected] (O.A.); [email protected] (I.C.); [email protected] (A.V.); [email protected] (L.S, .G.) 2 Faculty of Finance-Banking, Accountancy and Business Administration, Titu Maiorescu University, 040051 Bucharest, Romania * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +40-372-710-962 Received: 8 August 2020; Accepted: 28 September 2020; Published: 29 September 2020 Abstract: The purpose of the article is to present a point of view on determining the mass moment of inertia coefficient of a tracked vehicle. This coefficient is very useful to be able to estimate the performance of a tracked vehicle, including slips in the converter. Determining vehicle acceleration plays an important role in assessing vehicle mobility. Additionally, during the transition from the Hydroconverter to the hydro-clutch regime, these estimations become quite difficult due to the complexity of the propulsion aggregate (engine and hydrodynamic transmission) and rolling equipment. The algorithm for determining performance is focused on estimating acceleration performance. To validate the proposed model, tests were performed to determine the equivalent reduced moments of inertia at the drive wheel (gravitational method) and the main components (three-wire pendulum method). The dynamic performances determined during the starting process are necessary for the validation of the general model for simulating the longitudinal dynamics of the vehicle. -
Making Things Move DIY Mechanisms for Inventors, Hobbyists, and Artists
Making Things Move DIY Mechanisms for Inventors, Hobbyists, and Artists Dustyn Roberts New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-174168-2 MHID: 0-07-174168-2 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-174167-5, MHID: 0-07-174167-4. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trade- marked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefi t of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringe- ment of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please e-mail us at [email protected]. Information has been obtained by McGraw-Hill from sources believed to be reliable. However, because of the possibility of hu- man or mechanical error by our sources, McGraw-Hill, or others, McGraw-Hill does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information and is not responsible for any errors or omissions or the results obtained from the use of such information. -
Measuring the Performance Characteristics of a Motorcycle
August 2019, Vol. 19, No. 4 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY ISSN 1213–2489 Measuring the Performance Characteristics of a Motorcycle Adam Hamberger, Milan Daňa Regional Technological Institute, University of West Bohemia – Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Univerzitní 8, Pilsen 306 14, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected] This work deals with an experiment, whose output is the comparison of power characteristics which were meas- ured in three ways. The first way used a commercially manufactured dynamometer. For the second measurement, a special dynamometer with our own computing system and a sensor within this project was created. The last way of measuring the performance characteristics was done without a dynamometer. The measurement works on the principle of acceleration the spinning of a flywheel. Due to this, the measuring is called an acceleration test. The basic principles are described before the experiment in order to grasp the characteristics. All explanations are based on schemes and easy mathematical and differential formulas to describe the construction of the dynamom- eter and the principle of its functions from the engine to the computer. The relations between published and un- published quantities defining engine dynamics are explained here. In the end, this work points to possible and intended measuring failures which are an infamous practice at many measuring stations. Keywords: Dynamometer, power characteristics, driving forces, torque, performance. Introduction These forces are divided into two basic sorts. The first one is dependent on velocity and it can be written as: All vehicle engines overcome resistances on the road. 2 Fres( v )= c21 v + c v + ( c val + sin( )) m g [ N ], (1) where: φ … climb angle [rad], v … velocity [m/s], m … full weight[kg], 2 c1,c2,croll … coefficients [-], g … gravity acceleration [m/s ]. -
Axial Piston Pumps DDC20/24
Service Manual Axial Piston Pumps DDC20/24 www.danfoss.com Service Manual DDC20/24 Axial Piston Pumps Revision history Table of revisions Date Changed Rev August 2019 Added DDC24 0401 August 2017 change charge pump housing 0302 March 2015 add implement pump option CA March 2014 Danfoss layout BA September 2011 First printing AA 2 | © Danfoss | August 2019 L1120413 | AX00000135en-000401 Service Manual DDC20/24 Axial Piston Pumps Contents Introduction Overview..............................................................................................................................................................................................4 Warranty.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 General instructions........................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Remove the unit.......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Keep it clean..................................................................................................................................................................................4 Lubricate moving parts.............................................................................................................................................................4 -
MEMS and FOG Technologies for Tactical and Navigation Grade Inertial Sensors—Recent Improvements and Comparison
sensors Article MEMS and FOG Technologies for Tactical and Navigation Grade Inertial Sensors—Recent Improvements and Comparison Olaf Deppe, Georg Dorner, Stefan König, Tim Martin, Sven Voigt and Steffen Zimmermann * Northrop Grumman LITEF GmbH, 79115 Freiburg, Germany; [email protected] (O.D.); [email protected] (G.D.); [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (T.M.); [email protected] (S.V.) * Correspondence: [email protected], Tel.: +49-761-4901-483 Academic Editor: Jörg F. Wagner Received: 26 January 2017; Accepted: 7 March 2017; Published: 11 March 2017 Abstract: In the following paper, we present an industry perspective of inertial sensors for navigation purposes driven by applications and customer needs. Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) inertial sensors have revolutionized consumer, automotive, and industrial applications and they have started to fulfill the high end tactical grade performance requirements of hybrid navigation systems on a series production scale. The Fiber Optic Gyroscope (FOG) technology, on the other hand, is further pushed into the near navigation grade performance region and beyond. Each technology has its special pros and cons making it more or less suitable for specific applications. In our overview paper, we present latest improvements at NG LITEF in tactical and navigation grade MEMS accelerometers, MEMS gyroscopes, and Fiber Optic Gyroscopes, based on our long-term experience in the field. We demonstrate how accelerometer performance has improved by switching from wet etching to deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) technology. For MEMS gyroscopes, we show that better than 1◦/h series production devices are within reach, and for FOGs we present how limitations in noise performance were overcome by signal processing. -
Study of Vibration Transmissibility of Operational Industrial Machines
Master Thesis Electrical Engineering September 2016 Study of Vibration Transmissibility of Operational Industrial Machines Sindhura Chilakapati Sri Lakshmi Jyothirmai Mamidala Department of Applied Signal Processing Blekinge Institute of Technology SE–371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden This thesis is submitted to the Department of Applied Signal Processing at Blekinge Institute of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Sciences in Electrical Engineering with emphasis on Signal Processing. Contact Information: Authors: Sindhura Chilakapati E-mail: [email protected] Sri Lakshmi Jyothirmai Mamidala E-mail: [email protected] University advisor: Imran Khan Department of Signal Processing University Examiner: Sven Johansson Department of Signal Processing Department of Applied Signal Processing Internet : www.bth.se Blekinge Institute of Technology Phone : +46 455 38 50 00 SE–371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden Fax : +46 455 38 50 57 Abstract Industrial machines during their operation generate vibration due to dy- namic forces acting on the machines. This vibration may create noise, abra- sion in the machine parts, mechanical fatigue, degrade performance, transfer to other machines via floor or walls and may cause complete shutdown of the machine. To limit the vibration pre-installation, vibration isolation measures are usually employed in workshops and industrial units. However, such vi- bration isolation may not be sufficient due to varying operating and physical conditions, such as machine ageing, structural changes and new installations etc. Therefore, it is important to assess the quantity of vibration generated and transmitted during true operating conditions. The thesis work is aimed at the estimation of vibrational transmissibility or transfer from industrial machines to floor and to other adjacent installed ma- chines. -
Commentary on Motor Oils Frequently Asked Questions
COMMENTARY ON MOTOR OILS LIBRARY FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS TECHNICAL BY CHARLES NAVARRO TECHNICAL LIBRARY Commentary on Motor Oils and Frequently Asked Questions 7 The purpose of proper lubrication is to provide a physical barrier (oil film) that separates Oil companies have been cutting back on the use of Zn and P as anti-wear additives. moving parts reducing wear and friction. Oil also supplies cooling to critical engine This reduction of phosphorus content is a mandate issued by API, American Petro- components, such as bearings. Detergent oils contain dispersants, friction modifiers, 8 leum Institute, who is in charge of developing standing standards for motor oils. Zn anti-foam, anti-corrosion, and anti-wear additives. These detergents carry away and P have been found to be bad for catalytic converters. In 1996, API introduced the contaminants such as wear particulates and neutralize acids that are formed by combus- API SJ classification to reduce these levels to a maximum of 0.10% for viscosities of tion byproducts and the natural breakdown of oil. Likewise, the viscosity of the motor oil 9 10w30 and lighter. The 15w40 and 20w50 viscosities commonly used in Porsche throughout the operating range of the engine is very important to the “hydro-dynamic engines did not have a maximum phosphorus limit. The API SL standard maintained bearing” layer (oil film that forms on and between moving engine parts). Boundary this higher limit but with reduced limits for high temperature deposits. With the API Lubrication occurs when insufficient film to prevent surface contact and where the SM, phosphorus content less than 0.08% was mandated to reduce sulfur, carbon primary anti-wear additive ZDDP plays its role in protecting your engine.