1700 Animated Linkages
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Nguyen Duc Thang 1700 ANIMATED MECHANICAL MECHANISMS With Images, Brief explanations and Youtube links. Part 1 Transmission of continuous rotation Renewed on 31 December 2014 1 This document is divided into 3 parts. Part 1: Transmission of continuous rotation Part 2: Other kinds of motion transmission Part 3: Mechanisms of specific purposes Autodesk Inventor is used to create all videos in this document. They are available on Youtube channel “thang010146”. To bring as many as possible existing mechanical mechanisms into this document is author’s desire. However it is obstructed by author’s ability and Inventor’s capacity. Therefore from this document may be absent such mechanisms that are of complicated structure or include flexible and fluid links. This document is periodically renewed because the video building is continuous as long as possible. The renewed time is shown on the first page. This document may be helpful for people, who - have to deal with mechanical mechanisms everyday - see mechanical mechanisms as a hobby Any criticism or suggestion is highly appreciated with the author’s hope to make this document more useful. Author’s information: Name: Nguyen Duc Thang Birth year: 1946 Birth place: Hue city, Vietnam Residence place: Hanoi, Vietnam Education: - Mechanical engineer, 1969, Hanoi University of Technology, Vietnam - Doctor of Engineering, 1984, Kosice University of Technology, Slovakia Job history: - Designer of small mechanical engineering enterprises in Hanoi. - Retirement in 2002. Contact Email: [email protected] 2 Table of Contents 1. Continuous rotation transmission .................................................................................4 1.1. Couplings ....................................................................................................................4 1.2. Clutches ....................................................................................................................13 1.2.1. Two way clutches...............................................................................................13 1.2.1. One way clutches...............................................................................................17 1.2.3. Reverse clutches................................................................................................20 1.2.4. Overrunning clutches .........................................................................................22 1.3. Gears ........................................................................................................................27 1.3.1. Spur gears..........................................................................................................27 1.3.2. Bevel gears .......................................................................................................44 1.3.3. Worm gears........................................................................................................48 1.3.4. Pin gears ............................................................................................................52 1.3.5. Face gears .........................................................................................................56 1.3.6. Archimedean spiral gears ..................................................................................58 1.4. Friction drives............................................................................................................62 1.5. Chain drives ..............................................................................................................66 1.6. Bar drives ..................................................................................................................67 1.7. Cam drives ................................................................................................................76 1.8. Belt drives .................................................................................................................78 1.9. Transmission to two parallel shafts with adjustable axle distance ............................83 1.10. Transmission to two coaxial shafts .........................................................................86 1.11. Rotation limitation....................................................................................................89 1.12. Car differentials.......................................................................................................92 1.13. Variators (continuously variable transmission)........................................................95 1.14. Mechanisms for gear shifting ................................................................................102 3 1. Continuous rotation transmission 1.1. Couplings Chain drive 1C http://youtu.be/FKuhi8hk96s Chain coupling Coil spring coupling 1 http://youtu.be/CJ53SLiqGKQ Due to revolution joints of the spring supports (in pink) this coupling can compensate a large offset of the shaft axes. For this simulation: Coupling outer dia. = 20 mm Offset = 1 mm Velocity variation is considerable. Coil spring coupling 2 http://youtu.be/xayBA5MaE2E Due to spherical joints of the spring supports (in pink) this coupling can compensate a large offset of the shaft axes and a large angular misalignment between them. For this simulation: Coupling outer dia. = 20 mm Offset = 1 mm Angular misalignment = 4 deg. Velocity variation is considerable. Oldham coupling 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPVxy9uW45E Oldham coupling 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2IlDz_27GY An embodiment of Oldham coupling Axial dimenssion is reduced in comparison with “Oldham coupling 1”. Oldham coupling 3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqpvbqdHgHc An embodiment of Oldham coupling. Axial dimenssion is reduced. Cylindrical joints are used instead of prismatic ones. It looks like Cardano coupling but it is totally diferent. 4 Parallel link coupling http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkcdVQZubiM The absence of backlash makes this parallel coupling a precision, low- cost replacement for gear or chain drives that can also rotate parallel shafts. Any number of shafts greater than two can be driven from any one of the shafts, provided two conditions are fulfilled: 1. All cranks must have the same length. 2. The two polygons formed by shafts centers on the moving and grounded frames must be identical. The main disadvantage of this mechanism is its dynamic unbalance. The moving frame should be made as light as possible. The mechanism can not be used for high speed. Application of parallelogram mechanism 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ihoj7SRZLg Transmission of rotation movement between parallel shafts. Application of parallelogram mechanism 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZsThxf0OEuU Transmission of rotation movement between parallel shafts Application of parallelogram mechanism 3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bh0uDdx7z6M Transmission of rotation movement between parallel shafts The red disk rotates without fixed bearing. Schmidt coupling http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARs3y3i0enE&feature=endscreen&NR=1 Transmission of rotation movement between parallel shafts. The pink link rotates without fixed bearing. Both shafts can move during transmission. 5 Pin coupling 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjOqNd3c4rY The pins are arranged on circles of equal radius on the two shafts A = R1 + R2 A: Axis distance of the two shafts (eccentricity) R1: Rose pin's radius R2: Green pin's radius Thus the coupling meets conditions of a parallelogram mechanism. It is a constant velocity coupling. Numbers of pins on the two shafts must be equal. Pin coupling 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYDqAES59C8 The pins and the holes are arranged on circles of equal radius on the two shafts A = R2 - R1 A: Axis distance of the two shafts (eccentricity) R2: Rose hole's radius R1: Green pin's radius Thus the coupling meets conditions of a parallelogram mechanism. It is a constant velocity coupling. This type of mechanism can be installed in epicyclic reduction gear boxes. See: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGVSRrI0ir4 Pin coupling 3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xzwCuLT89EI An embodiment of Pin Coupling 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjOqNd3c4rY when R1 is different from R2 and pin’s radius is larger than shaft’s radius. Transmission ratio is 1. The mechanism now looks like a gear drive but the two shafts rotate the same direction. It has a high sensitivity to error in distance between the shaft axes. Pin coupling 4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fe2QSs1HWY An embodiment of Pin Coupling 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjOqNd3c4rY when R1 is different from R2, number of pins on each disks is 22. Pins on the pink disk is of lens shape because their radius is too large. Transmission ratio is 1. 6 Pin coupling 5 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfiJSTRDASs An embodiment of Pin Coupling 3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xzwCuLT89EI when: - R1 is different from R2 - pins radius are larger than shafts radius - number of pins is infinite so screw surfaces are created. The working surface of the blue shaft is created when a circle of radius 10 (in the plane perpendicular to the shaft axis, its center is 5 from the shaft axis) moves along a helix of pitch 20. The working surface of the pink shaft is created similarly by a circle of radius 15 (in the plane perpendicular to the shaft axis, its center is 5 from the shaft axis) moving along a helix of pitch 20. Distance between the shafts is 25. Transmission ratio is 1. The mechanism now looks like a gear drive but the two shafts rotate the same direction. Pin coupling