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Nota Lepidopterologica ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at Nota lepid. 20 (3/4) ; 150-292 ; 10.XIL1997 ISSN 0342-7536 A revision of the superspecies Hipparchia azorina and of the Hipparchia aristaeus group (Nymphalidae : Satyrinae) Alain Olivier* & John G. Coutsis** * Olivier, A : Luitenant Lippenslaan 43 B14, B-2140 Antwerpen, Belgium. ** Coutsis, J. : 4 Glykonos Street, GR- 10675 Athens, Greece. Summary Arguments for the monophyly of Hipparchia (sensu Kudrna, 1977) and Parahipparchia are discussed : the latter taxon consists of one superspecies and two species groups. The Hipparchia semele group is characterized by two synapomorphies, including the (potential) presence of a sphragis at the end of the abdomen of the female when mated. The present study deals in particular with the other two entities, viz. superspecies Hipparchia azorina and the Hipparchia aristaeus group. Superspecies H azorina is endemic to the Azores and consists of two semispecies, viz. H. (azorina) azorina and H. (azorina) miguelensis ; the former taxon consists of two subspecies, azorina (Pico and Faial) and occidentalis (Flores, Corvo, Säo Jorge and Terceira). H (azorina) miguelensis is limited to the island of Säo Miguel. The nominal taxa Hipparchia azorina cenjonatura Bivar de Sousa, 1982, Hipparchia azorina jorgense Oehmig, 1983, Hipparchia azorina barbara Bivar de Sousa, 1985 and Hipparchia azorina minima Bivar de Sousa, 1985 are newly synonymized with Hipparchia (azorina) azorina occidentalis Bivar de Sousa, 1982 ; this arrangement differs from the previous ones mainly in that occidentalis appears to occur not only on the western island group, but also on part of the central island group. The Hipparchia aristaeus group is composed of four taxa, viz. H. maderensis (Madeira), H. algirica (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia), H. aristaeus (Corsica, Sardinia, Elba, Giglio, Capraia) and H senthes (Sicily, S. Italy, Albania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, S. Bulgaria, Greece including the Aegean islands, western half of Turkey). The following taxa are newly synonymized with Hipparchia senthes (Fruhstorfer, 1908) : Satyrus semele blachieri Fruhstorfer, 1908, Satyrus Semele race Siciliana Oberthür, 1914, Satyrus semele L. f. neapolitana Stauder, 1921, Hipparchia algirica vallettai de Lattin, 1952, Hipparchia algirica vallettai Valletta, 1972 and Hipparchia ballettoi Kudrna, 1984. Lectotypes are designated for Satyrus Semele race Siciliana Oberthür, 1914, Satyrus semele L. f. neapolitana Stauder, 1921 and Satyrus semele L. f. blachierioides Stauder, 1921. The latter taxon appears to be identical with Hipparchia semele (Linnaeus, 1758) and the synonymy established by Kudrna (1977) is thus confirmed. Each taxon is 150 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at described in detail and a comprehensive treatment of its distribution and bionomics is also included, as well as its taxonomic history including discussions on some nomenclatural problems. A list of characters that could be useful for the construction of a cladogram of Parahipparchia is presented : sixteen characters are retained and a series of characters previously listed by Balletto et al. (1990) is critically reviewed. The monophyly of the superspecies single synapomorphy has H azorina is well supported ; conversely, not a been detected for the H aristaeus group, that could thus very well be a paraphyletic assemblage, either with or without the inclusion of the superspecies H azorina. Priorities for further study are formulated : on one hand a comparative morphological study of all taxa (including early stages and adults) of Parahipparchia and Hipparchia s. str., on the other hand a comprehensive study of molecular and allozyme data as an independent test of the phylogeny based on the morphological data set, as well as a means of estimating the possible divergence time of these taxa. Zusammenfassung Argumente für die Monophylie von Hipparchia (sensu Kudrna, 1977) und Parahipparchia, die eine Superspezies und zwei Artengruppen umfaßt, werden diskutiert. Die Hipparchia semele Artengruppe ist durch zwei Synapomorphien gekennzeichnet, darunter die Ausbildung einer Sphragis am Abdomenende von verpaarten Weibchen. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich besonders den zwei anderen Gruppen, der Superspezies Hipparchia azorina und der Hip- parchia aristaeus Artengruppe. Die Superspezies H. azorina ist endemisch für die Azoren und umfaßt zwei Semispezies, H. (azorina) azorina und H. (azorina) miguelensis. H. azorina enthält zwei Unterarten, azorina (Pico und Faial) und occidentalis (Flores, Corvo, Säo Jorge und Terceira). H (azorina) miguelensis ist auf die Insel Säo Miguel beschränkt. Die nominellen Taxa Hipparchia azorina cenjonatura Bivar de Sousa, 1982, Hipparchia azorina jorgense Oehmig, 1983, Hipparchia azorina barbara Bivar de Sousa, 1985 und Hipparchia azorina minima Bivar de Sousa, 1985 werden mit Hipparchia (azorina) azorina occidentalis Bivar de Sousa, 1982 synonymisiert. Diese Anordnung unterscheidet sich von bisherigen Klassifikationen darin, daß occidentalis nunmehr nicht nur auf der westlichen sondern auch der zentralen Inselgruppe vorkommt. Die Hipparchia aristaeus Artengruppe besteht aus vier Arten, H maderensis (Madeira), H algirica (Marokko, Algerien, Tunesien), H aristaeus (Korsika, Sardinien, Elba, Giglio, Capraia) und H senthes (Sizilien, Süd-Italien, Albanien, ehem. jugoslawische Republik Mazedonien, Süd-Bulgarien, Griechenland inklusive der aegeischen Inseln, westliche Türkei). Die folgenden Taxa werden mit H senthes (Fruhstorfer, 1908) synonymisiert : Satyrus semele blachieri Fruhstorfer, 1908, Satyrus Semele race Siciliana Oberthür, 1914, Satyrus semele L. f. neapolitana Stauder, 1921, Hipparchia algirica vallettai de Lattin, 1952, Hipparchia algirica vallettai Valletta, 1972 und Hipparchia ballettoi Kudrna, 1984. Lectotypen werden für Satyrus Semele race Siciliana Oberthür, 1914, Satyrus semele L. f. neapolitana Stauder, 1921 151 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at und Satyrus semele L. f. blachierioides Stauder, 1921, festgelegt. Das letztgenannte Taxon ist Hipparchia semele (Linnaeus, 1758) sehr ähnlich und die von Kudrna (1977) festgestellte Synonymie wird bestätigt. Alle behandelten Taxa werden detailliert beschrieben und ihre Verbreitung, Phänologie und bisherige taxonomische Stellung ausführlich dargestellt, sowie einige nomen- klatorische Probleme diskutiert. Merkmale, die für die Erstellung eines Kladogramms von Parahipparchia nützlich/ verwendbar sein können, werden aufgelistet, wobei 16 Merkmale vorgeschlagen werden und einige von Balletto et al. (1990) kritisch überprüft werden. Die Monophylie der Superspezies H. azorina is gut begründet, aber für die H. aristaeus Artengruppe konnte keine einzige Synapomorphie ermittelt werden. Es könnte sich hierbei um ein Paraphylum handeln, entweder mit oder ohne Einschluss der Superspezies H. azorina. Für künftige Untersuchungen werden folgende Prioritäten for- muliert : Einerseits vergleichend morphologische Untersuchungen sowohl an Imagines wie Präimaginalstadien aller Taxa von Parahipparchia und Hippar- chia s. str., andererseits umfassende molekulare und enzymelektrophoretische Studien, mit Hilfe deren Daten ein unabhängiger Test der auf morphologischer Grundlage gewonnenen phylogenetischen Hypothesen möglich ist und die außerdem Anhaltspunkte zur Abschätzung des evolutionären Alters dieser Taxa bieten. Résumé Le caractère monophylétique de Hipparchia (sensu Kudrna, 1977) et de Parahipparchia est discuté : ce dernier taxon est composé d'une super-espèce et de deux groupes d'espèces. Le groupe de Hipparchia semele peut être identifié à l'aide de deux synapomorphies, incluant la présence (potentielle) d'un sphragis à l'extrémité de l'abdomen de la femelle fécondée. La présente étude traite en particulier des deux autres entités, à savoir la super-espèce Hipparchia azorina et le groupe d'espèces de Hipparchia aristaeus. La super- espèce H. azorina est endémique aux Açores et consiste de deux semi-espèces, à savoir H. (azorina) azorina et H. (azorina) miguelensis ; le premier taxon inclue deux sous-espèces, azorina (Pico et Faial) et occidentalis (Flores, Corvo, Säo Jorge et Terceira). H. (azorina) miguelensis est limité à l'île de Sao Miguel. Les taxons nominaux Hipparchia azorina cenjonatura Bivar de Sousa, 1982, Hipparchia azorina jorgense Oehmig, 1983, Hipparchia azorina barbara Bivar de Sousa, 1985 et Hipparchia azorina minima Bivar de Sousa, 1985 sont nouvellement établis comme synonymes de Hipparchia (azorina) azorina occidentalis Bivar de Sousa, 1982 ; cet arrangement diffère des précédents principalement par le fait qu'il est démontré que occidentalis n'est pas limité au groupe d'îles occidental, mais occupe également une partie du groupe d'îles central. Le groupe de Hipparchia aristaeus se compose de quatre taxons, à savoir H. maderensis (Madère), H. algirica (Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie), H. aristaeus (Corse, Sardaigne, Elbe, Giglio, Capraia) et H. senthes (Sicile, Italie méridionale, Albanie, l'ancienne république yougoslave de Macédoine, Bulgarie méridionale, Grèce incluant les îles égéennes, moitié occidentale de la Turquie). 152 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at Les taxons suivants sont nouvellement établis comme synonymes de Hipparchia senthes (Fruhstorfer, 1908)
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